Part 41

II. _Coitus._--Coitum insectorum tractaturo paucula de lenociniis amatoriis, et aliis ejusmodi, quæ antecedunt, sunt prædicenda. _Olfactu_ mares _Phalænarum_ interdum feminam latentem, uti canis leporem, odorantur[1666]; splendore phosphorico _Lampyrides_ et quorundam aliorum insectorum feminæ maritum ad lectum gramineum prælucent; et huc referri forsan debet plurium cæcus ardor lumina circumvolandi, vel etiam in lumen irruendi; _sonus_ excitat feminas _Cicadarum_ et _Gryllinarum_[1667], &c. ad amores, et cantu stridulo querelisque amatoriis diem ducit mas cupidus, donec sponsa advolat, et tori foliosi fit haud invita particeps. Sonitu etiam uterque sexus formidati _Anobii_ mutuo sese provocant ad venerem[1668].

In plurimis tamen insectis femina fit modestiæ et pudicitiæ exemplar, et non nisi difficillime et capite averso maris ardori se tradit. In insectorum moribus et œconomia virtutum plurimarum typum quendam et delineationem nobis proposuit DEUS O. M., quem imitari nos voluit, interdum jussit[1669]. Sic excitare nos ad laborem indefessum, ad prudentiam item et amorem erga prolem _Formicæ_ dedit[1670]: _Api_ ad devotam sui consecrationem, et omnium facultatum et virium ad reipublicæ emolumentum, ad obsequium quoque verum erga parentes et regem[1671]; atque ita, ut jam dictum est, in re amatoria insectorum feminæ sæpe speciem præ se ferunt pudoris et castitatis, et virginibus verecundiam, virtutum omnium custodem, et sexûs sui ornamentum maxime proprium, moribus suis prædicant. Hujus modestiæ exemplar insigne præbent _Libellulinæ_. Œstro amoris concitus, mas feminæ collum _prehensore_ anali triphyllo arripit et avolat, illam quasi prædam secum gerens; sponsæ sic electæ, persuadere in animo est ut caudam suam inflecteret, et ad coitum se daret, quod, illa invita, fieri nequit; maris enim genitalia, ut antea dictum est, in basi ventris sita, feminæ vero in extremo ano; hinc, nolente illa, vix fit coitus, et sæpissime longo et vano labore, huc illuc volando virginem protervam frustra solicitat; sed tandem lacessitus aquas petit, quas sponsæ cauda longa, me teste, sæpius flagellat, donec defatigata, et quasi ex frigido calorem concipiens, demum et sensim caudam inflectit, et se reddit amori[1672]. _Araneam_ ferocem, sævam etiam in amoribus, mas caute appropinquat, et, si blanditiis ejus minus propitiam sese ostendat, cito resilit, ne osculorum loco morte donetur: coitu etiam peracto, pede veloci ab uxore se subducit, quæ illum, imo post Veneres, aliàs forsan voraret[1673]. In genere mares feminas antennarum et abdominis motibus et frictione lenocinantur et ad coitum provocant.

Insecta sunt alia, ut _Phalænæ_, _Muscidæ_ quædam, et _Apis mellifica_, in quibus inversa est hæc naturæ lex casta; harum enim feminæ marem petunt, vel blanditiis alliciunt ad amores.

Nunc de _coitu_ ipso tractabimus, in quo hæc sunt præcipue notanda--_modus_, _statio relativa_, _locus_, et _duratio_.

i. Plerisque insectis penis _intrans_ est, sed in _Muscidis_ quibusdam inversa est lex, et feminæ tubus retractilis analis, foramen sub ano maris penetrat et ita coëunt[1674]. _Araneidis_ singulari et mirabili prorsus modo fit coitus; organi enim masculi functio partim palpis et partim membro ventrali delegatur: prioribus includitur glans quæ pudendum femineum penetrat, et sic in utroque sexu, palpis ambobus alternis vicibus huic officio inservientibus, orgasmus venereus producitur, cui insequitur fœcundatio, ab organo _ventrali_ masculo; femina tubercula duo supra genitalia sita in rimas totidem inter branchias maris immittente, et in temporis momento omnia peracta sunt[1675]. Listerus, De Geerius, et alii in zootomia periti, in palpis latere organum masculum crediderunt, sed ex observationibus et dissectionibus Trevirani patet, testes et vesiculas seminales in abdomine locum habere[1676]; sed exitus horum solummodo in orificio[1677]; in palpis e contra est organum exsertile penem referens, quod in coitu erigitur et fere glandiforme est: hinc deduci potest, ut videtur, quod utrumque organum pro genitale habendum, et fœcundationem feminæ ab utroque pendere.

ii. _Statio relativa._ In plerisque insectis, durante coitu, _maris_ statio _superior_ est, et _feminæ_ inferior, in hujus dorsum conscendente illo; interdum tamen hæc lex inversa est, et marem femina ascendit, quod ipse vidi in _Vespa vulgari_, et _Scatophaga_; in _Pulice_ etiam femina superior, sed more humano os ori[1678]; quod fit etiam in aliis quibusdam masculo prædominanti, nempe in _Cryptophago_ quodam minuto, nostris sub oculis, in _Zygæna_, _Culice_, et _Phalangio_[1679]. In insectis _Orthopteris_ et pluribus _Hemipteris_ sexus in coitu sibi invicem a latere paralleli stant[1680]; sed in aliis _Hemipteris_, saltem in _Pentatomate_, more canum capitibus aversis, quod fit etiam in quibusdam _Tipulidis_, res venereas peragunt[1681].

iii. _Locus._ Interdum in _terram_ et inter _gramina_; interdum inter _arborum_ et _fruticum_ ramos, et sub foliis; interdum iterum super _aquas_; et in ipso _aëre_ demum haud raro amoris gaudiis ultimis fruuntur; hîc _Ephemeræ_ caducæ in ipso venere choreas ducunt; sursum et deorsum, memetipso teste, alternatim volitantes[1682]: hîc etiam _Apum_ regina et mater in sublime fertur maritum infelicem petens, qui voluptatem brevem vita emat[1683]: _Phalænarum_ feminæ apteræ hue illuc per aërem inter arbores trahuntur a mare alato[1684]; et quarundam _Tipularum_ mares a feminis tracti, per aërem item durante coitu rapiuntur. Modeste satis coëunt insecta, utplurimum plantarum sub umbra latitantes; et plura insuper, ut quædam _Tipulæ_, _Tineidæ_, et _Bombycidæ_, sub cortina alarum abdomen omnino tegente, veneri se tradunt[1685].

iv. _Duratio._ Coitus horum animalium duratio varia, interdum, ut in _Araneidis_, spatio perbrevi conficitur, in quibusdam tamen plus uno die opus est. Plures feminas interdum aggreditur idem mas, hoc in _Bombyce_, _Chrysomela Polygoni_, et _Musca domestica_ obtinet. _Aphidem_ masculum cum _quinque_ feminis successive copulantem De Geerius videbat[1686].

N.B. _Inter_ pupas Orthopterorum et Hemipterorum _coitus interdum locum habet, quod maturiorem organizationem in his_ analogis, _quam in aliis insectis probat_.

FOOTNOTES:

[1599] Rifferschweils _De Insect. Genital._ 9.

[1600] De _Orthopteris_ hoc præcipue notavit D. Marcel. de Serres (_Mém. du Mus._ 1819. 113--.) in quibus vesiculæ seminales, colleterio; testes, ovariis; vasa deferentia, oviductui; canalis seminalis, ovipositori, &c., mutuò adamussim respondent.

[1601] Rifferschw. _De Insect. Genital._ 9.

[1602] Reaum. ii. 79. Herold. _Schmetterl._ _t._ iv. _f._ 2, 3.

[1603] Treviranus _Arachnid._ 11, 36--. Reaum. vi. 436. _N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat._ xi. 82. Marcel. de Serr. _ubi supr._ 104. Latreille _Fam. Nat._ 324.

[1604] Rifferschw. _ubi supr._

[1605] PLATE XXII. FIG. 1. _a._

[1606] Rifferschw. 10. _N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat._ xvi. 242.

[1607] _Ibid._ & xxxv. 412.

[1608] Gaede _Anat. der Ins._ _t._ i. _f._ 9. _a._

[1609] De Geer iii. _t._ ix. _f._ 11. _t._

[1610] Reaum. vi. _t._ xvi. _f._ 6, 7. _g._

[1611] _Ibid._ _t._ xviii. _f._ 4, 5. _g._

[1612] _Ibid._ _t._ xxvii. _f._ 16. _c._

[1613] De Geer vi. _t._ iii. _f._ 17. _d, e, f_.

[1614] Reaum. vi. _t._ viii. _f._ 5. _d, e, m._

[1615] Swamm. _Bibl. Nat._ _t._ xliii. _f._ 17. _a, b, c._

[1616] De Geer ii. _t._ xix. _f._ 11. _f._ _N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat._ xi. 82.

[1617] _Ibid._ xxx. 41; xxix. 177.

[1618] Gaede _Anat._ _t._ i. _f._ 9.

[1619] _Ibid._ 18. Swamm. _ubi supr._ _t._ xliii. _f._ 17. _e, d._

[1620] Rifferschw. 10.

[1621] _Ibid._ 22.

[1622] Gaede _t._ ii. _f._ 9. _d, e._ _N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat._ xvi. 241.

[1623] Swamm. _ubi supr._ i. 223. _t._ xxii. _f._ 5. _h, i_. Hoc insecto et _Hydrophilo_ supradicto organa insunt quæ pro _Prostatis_ habentur.

[1624] _N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat._ xvi. 242. Gaede _t._ i. _f._ 9. _d d._

[1625] _Ibid._ etiam _t._ ii. _f._ 9. 14. _d d._

[1626] Cuv. _Anat. Comp._ v. 192.

[1627] Gaede _t._ ii. _f._ 2. _c._

[1628] Herold. _Schmett._ _t._ xxxii.

[1629] Gaede _t._ ii. _f._ 9.

[1630] Rifferschw. 19.

[1631] _Ibid._ 20.

[1632] Marcel. de Serres _Mém. du Mus._ 1819. 115.

[1633] _Ibid._ 128. Comp. Cuv. _Anat. Comp._ v. 195. cum Swamm. _Bibl. Nat._ i. 102.

[1634] Cuv. _Ibid._ 191.

[1635] _Ibid._

[1636] Rifferschw. 22.

[1637] Gaede _t._ ii. _f._ 9. _b b._

[1638] Herold. _Schmett._ _t._ iv. _f._ 8, 9.

[1639] Gaede _t._ ii. _f._ 14. _b b._

[1640] Swamm. _ubi supr._ _t._ xxi. _f._ 1. _a._

[1641] Rifferschw. 21.

[1642] Swamm. _t._ iii. _f._ 6. _f._

[1643] Herold, _ubi supr._ _t._ v. _f._ 1, 9. &c.

[1644] PLATE XXII. FIG. 1. _b._

[1645] Cuv. _ubi supr._ v. 115.

[1646] De Geer vi. _t._ xv. _f._ 8. _d._

[1647] _Ibid._ ii. _t._ xix. _f._ 11. _e._

[1648] Reaum. v. _t._ xix. _f._ 9.

[1649] _Ibid._ ii. _t._ xxvi. _f._ 10, 11. _ll_. De Geer ii. _t._ xix. _f._ 9.

[1650] Reaum. iv. _t._ xl. _f._ 8. _c, e._

[1651] _Ibid._ vi. _t._ viii. _f._ 4. _c, b._

[1652] De Geer ii. _t._ xxi. _f._ 20. _b, c._

[1653] _Ibid._ _t._ xlii. _f._ 11. _b, c, d_; _t._ xliii. _f._ 13. _p._

[1654] Herold. _Schmett._ _t._ iv. _f._ 3. _x x._

[1655] Reaum. ii. _t._ iii. _f._ 2. _c._ _l._

[1656] De Geer ii. _t._ xix. _f._ 9. _b, c_; _f._ 10. _c._

[1657] Reaum. ii. _t._ iii. _f._ 3. _c._ _l._

[1658] _Ibid._ iv. _t._ xl. _f._ 8. _c._ _e._

[1659] _Ibid._ v. _t._ iii. _f._ 7, 8.

[1660] _Ibid._ vi. _t._ viii. _f._ 4. _b, c._

[1661] PLATE XXII. FIG. 1. _b._

[1662] PLATE XV. FIG. 12. L´´.

[1663] Rifferschw. 12.

[1664] Vide _supra_, LETTER XLII.

[1665] _N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat._ xxx. 16. 425. Marcel. de Serres _Mém. du Mus._ 1819. 89.

[1666] Rai. _Hist. Ins._ 177. Jurine _Hymenopt._ 9. not.

[1667] VOL. II. p. 390--.

[1668] _N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat._ xxxvi. 255.

[1669] _Prov._ vi. 6; xxx. 25.

[1670] VOL. I. p. 364--.

[1671] VOL. II. LETTER XIX.

[1672] Reaum. vi. 432--.

[1673] De Geer vii. 179--.

[1674] Reaum. iv. 385.

[1675] De Geer vii. 249. Treviran. _Arachnid._ 41.

[1676] Marcel. de Serres penem in palpis cum teste pyriformi in thorace connexum esse affirmat, _Mém. du Mus._ 1819. 95.

[1677] Treviran. _Ibid._ 37. _t._ iv. _f._ 33.

[1678] De Geer vii. 10.

[1679] Reaum. ii. 72. _t._ ii. _f._ 2. De Geer vi. 314; vii. 165. Rai. _Hist. Ins._ 40.

[1680] De Geer ii. 24; iii. 132.

[1681] De Geer iii. 242. _t._ xiii. _f._ 15.

[1682] _Ibid._ iii. 642.

[1683] Huber _Nouv. Observ._ i. 37--.

[1684] De Geer ii. 276.

[1685] Reaum. ii. 65--.

[1686] De Geer iii. 62.

AUTHORS QUOTED.

[N. B. _Those works in the following list to which an Asterisk is prefixed are useful to the Entomologist. The abbreviations of the titles of the works used in the text and notes of the_ Introduction to Entomology, _in the list are put in Italics_.]

_Acerbi_ (Joseph) _Travels_ through Sweden, Finland, and Lapland, to the North Cape, in 1798 and 1799. London 1802. 4to.

_Adams_ (Joseph, M.D.) Observations _on morbid poisons_. London 1807. 4to.

_Ælianus._ De Natura Animalium.

_Ahrens_ (Augustus) _F_au_na_ insectorum _Europ_æ. Halæ 1812--. 12mo.

_Aldrovandus_ (Ulysses) De animalibus insectis. Bononiæ 1602. fol.

_Amoreux_ (P. J.?) Notice des _insectes_ de la France reputés _venimeux_. A Paris 1789. 12mo.

_Anderson_ (James, LL.D.) _Recreations in Agriculture_, natural history, the arts, and miscellaneous literature. 6 vols. London 1799--. 8vo.

_Andrews_ (James Pettit) _Anecdotes_ ancient and modern, with observations, and supplement. London 1789--. 8vo.

_Angelinus_ (Fulvius), &c. De verme admirando per nares egresso. Ravennæ 1610.

_Anonymous._ _A description of the island of St. Helena_, containing observations on its singular structure and formation, and an account of its climate, natural history, and inhabitants. London 1808. 8vo.

ARISTOTELES. Tom. iv. Lutet. Paris. 1629. fol.

_Azara_ (Felix de) _Voyage_ dans l'Amerique Meridionale. Paris 1809. 8vo.

_Bacon_ (Lord Verulam) _Works_ of, by Mallet. 4 vols. London 1740. fol.

_Baker_ (Henry) Of _Microscopes_ and the discoveries made thereby. 2 vols. London 1785. 8vo.

_Bancroft_ (Edward, M.D.) Experimental researches concerning the philosophy of _permanent colours_, &c. London 1794. 8vo.

_Banks_ (The Right Hon. Sir Joseph, K.B. P.R.S., &c.) A short account of the cause of the disease in corn called by the farmers _the blight_, the mildew, and the rust. London 1805. 4to.

_Barclay_ (John, M.D.) An inquiry into the opinions, ancient and modern, concerning _life and organization_. Edinburgh 1822. 8vo.

_Barrow_ (John) Account of _travels_ into the interior of Southern Africa in the years 1797, 1798, &c. London 1801. 4to.

_Bartram_ (William) _Travels_ through N. and S. Carolina, Georgia, E. and W. Florida, &c. Philadelphia 1791. 8vo.

_Beckmann_ (Johann.) Physikalisch-ökonomische _bibliothek_, &c. Göttingen 1778--.

_Bell_ (Charles, M.D.) Essays on the anatomy of expression in painting. London 1806. 4to.

_Belon_ (Pierre) Les observations de plusieurs singularités et choses memorables trouvées en Grèce, &c. Paris 1554, 12mo.

_Berk_ (Van F. H.) Verhandeling ten bewijze, &c. Haarlem 1807. 8vo.

_Berkhausen_ Naturgeschichte der Europaïschen schmetterlinge. Frankfurt 1784. 8vo.

_Berneaud_ (Thiebaut de) Voyage to the isle of Elba. E. Tr. London 1814. 8vo.

_Bewick_ (Thomas) The history of British _Birds_. London 1797. 8vo.

_Bilberg_ (Gustavus Johannes) * Monographia Mylabridum. Holmiæ 1813. 8vo.

_Billardiere_. Relation du _Voyage de la recherche de la Perouse_ pendant les années 1791-1794. 2 tom. A Paris, An. viii. 4to.

_Bingley_ (William) _Animal Biogr_aphy, or anecdotes of the manners and economy of the animal creation, arranged according to the system of Linnæus. 3 vols. London 1803. 8vo.

_Bochart_ (Samuel) _Hierozoicon_, sive bipartitum opus de animalibus S. Scripturæ. Francofurt: ad Mœn. 1675. fol.

_Bonner_ (James) Plan for speedily increasing the number of _bee_hives in Scotland. London 1795. 8vo.

BONNET (Charles) * _Œuvr_es d'histoire naturelle et de philosophie. 18 vols. à Neuchatel 1779--. 8vo.

_Bonomo_ (Giovan. Cosim.) Osservazioni intorno a pellicelli del corpo umano. Firenze 1687. 8vo.

_Bradley_ (Richard P. Bot. Cant.) A _Phil_osophical _acc_ount _of_ the _works of_ _nat_ure, &c. London 1721. 4to.

_Brahm_ (Nikol. Jos.) _Ins_ekten _kal_ender für sammler und œkonomen. Mainz 1790. 8vo.

_Brez_ (Jacques) _La Flore des insectophiles_ precédé d'un discours sur la utilité des insectes et de l'étude d'insectologie. Autrecht 1791.

_Broughton_ (Thomas Duer) _Letters written in a Mahratta camp_ in 1809, descriptive of the manners, &c. of the Mahrattas. London 1813. 4to.

_Browne_ (Patrick) The civil and natural history of _Jamaica_. London 1756. fol.

_Bruce_ (James) _Travels_ to discover the source of the Nile in the years 1768-1773. 5 vols. Edinburgh 1790. 4to.

_Brunnich_ (Martin Thrane) _Entomologia_, sistens insectorum tabulas systematicas--Latine et Danice. Hafniæ 1764. 8vo.

_Butler_ (Charles) The _fem_inine _monarchie_ or the history of bees. Oxford 1634. 4to.

_Campbell_ (John) _Travels_ in S. Africa, undertaken at the request of the Missionary Society. 2nd ed. London 1815. 8vo.

_Carus_ (C.G.) _Introd_uction _to_ the _Comp_arative _Anat_omy of Animals, compiled with constant reference to Physiology, and elucidated by twenty copper-plates. Translated from the German by R. T. Gore. 2 vols. London 1827. 8vo.

_Catesby_ (Mark) The natural history of _Carolina_, Florida, and the Bahama islands. 2 vols. London 1731--. fol.

_Charleton_ (Gualterus) Onomasticon Zooicon. London 1668. 4to.

_Christ_ (J. L.) Naturgeschichte, klassification und nomenclatur der insekten, vom bienen, wespen, und ameisengeschelecht, &c. (_Hymenopt._) Francfurt am Main 1791. 4to.

_Clairville._ * _Ent_omologie _Helvet_ique, ou catalogue des insectes de la Suisse, rangées d'apres une nouvelle methode. tom. 2. Zuric 1798--. 8vo.

_Clark_ (Bracy) * An essay on the bots of horses and other animals. London 1815. 4to.

_Clarke_ (Edward Daniel, LL.D.) _Travels_ in various countries of Europe, Asia and Africa. 8 vols. London 1816--. 8vo.

_Consett_ (Matthew) _Tour through Sweden_, Swedish Lapland, Finland, and Denmark, &c. London 1789. 4to.

_Cook_ (James, Capt.) Account of the _voyages_ undertaken by order of his present Majesty for making discoveries in the S. Hemisphere by John _Hawkesworth_, LL.D. &c. 3 vols. London 1773. 4to.

_Coquebert_ (Anton. Johann.) * _Illustr_atio _ic_onographica insectorum quæ in musæis Parisinis observavit et in lucem edidit Joh. Christ. Fabricius, &c. Decas. 1-3. Parisiis 1779--. 4to.

_Cramer_ (Peter) * _Papillons exotiques_ des trois parties du monde, L'Asie, L'Afrique et L'Amerique. Utrecht 1779--. 4to.

_Cuba_? (M.D.) Ortus sanitatis. De herbis et plantis, de animalibus et reptilibus, de avibus et volatilibus, de piscibus et natatilibus, de lapidibus, &c. 1485. fol.

_Curtis_ (John) * _British Entomology_, being illustrations and descriptions of the genera of insects found in Great Britain and Ireland, &c. London 1824. 8vo.

_Curtis_ (William) A short history of the brown-tailed moth, &c. London 1782. 4to.

CUVIER (G. L. C. F. D. Baron) * Leçons d'_Anat_omie _comp_arée. 5 vols. Paris 1805. 8vo.

-------Le _Règne Animal_ distribué d'après son organisation, &c. tom. 4. Paris 1817. 8vo.

_Darwin_ (Erasmus, M.D.)

------- _Zoonomia_, or the laws of organic life. London 1794. 4to.

_Darwin_ (Erasmus, M.D.) _Phytologia_, or the philosophy of agriculture and gardening. London 1800. 4to.

_Davy_ (Sir Humphry, Bart., P.R.S.) _Elements of agricultural Chemistry_, in a course of lectures for the Board of Agriculture. London 1813. 4to.

DE GEER (Baron Charles) * Mémoires pour servir à l'histoire des insectes. tom. 7. A Stockholm 1752--. 4to.

_De Jean_ (M. le Baron) * Catalogue de la collection des Coléoptères de M. le B. de J. A Paris 1821. 8vo.

--------- * Species Général des Coléoptères, de la Collection de M. Le Comte De Jean. tom. 2. A Paris 1825, 1826. 8vo.

_Derham_ (William, D.D.) _Phys_ico-_theol_ogy, or a demonstration of the being and attributes of GOD from his works of creation. 13th ed. London 1768. 8vo.

_Detharding_ (George Christoph.) Disputatio de _insect_is _coleopt_eris _Danic_is. Buetzovii 1763. 4to.

_Donovan_ (Edward) * The _natural history of British insects_, explaining them in their several states, illustrated with coloured figures. London 1792--. 8vo.

--------- Epitome of the natural history of the _insects of China_. London 1798. 4to.

------------------------------------------------------- _of India_. 1800. 4to.

------------------------------------------------------- _of N. Holland_. 1802. 4to.

_Douce_ (Francis) _Illustrations of Shakespeare_ and of ancient manners. 2 vols. London 1807. 8vo.

_Drury_ (Dru) * Illustrations of natural history, wherein are exhibited figures of exotic _insects_. 3 vols. London 1770--. 4to.

_Dufour_ (Leon) Description de six Arachnides nouvelles et d'une nouvelle espèce de Galeode. Extrait de la 4^e tom. des Annal. Génér. des Scienc. Phys. A Bruxelles 1820. 8vo.

_Duftschmidt_ (Gaspard) Fauna Austriaca. 2 tom. Lintz et Leipzig 1805--. 8vo.

_Dumeril_ (A.M. Constant) _Trait_é _élément_aire d'histoire naturelle. tom. 2. 2nde ed. A Paris 1807. 8vo.

_Ellis_ (Daniel) An inquiry into the changes induced in atmospheric air by the germination of seeds, the vegetation of plants, and the respiration of animals. Edinburgh 1807. 8vo.

_Esper_ (Eugen J. Christoph.) * Die _schmetterling_en in abbildungen nach der natur mit beschreibungen. Erlangen 1777--. 4to.

_Escholtz._ Beiträge sur naturkund.

FABRICIUS (Johann. Christian.) * _Philos_ophia _ent_omologica, sistens scientiæ fundamenta adjectis definitionibus, &c. Hamburgi et Kilonii 1778. 8vo.

------------------ * _Syst_ema _Ent_omologiæ sistens, insectorum classes, ordines, genera, species, adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, observationibus. Flensburgi et Lipsiæ 1775. 8vo.

FABRICIUS (Johann. Christian.) * _Ent_omologia _syst_ematica _em_endata et aucta, secundum classes, &c. tom. 4. Hafniæ 1794--. 8vo.

--------- * _Supplem_entum Entomologiæ systematicæ. Hafniæ 1798. 8vo.

--------- * _Syst_ema _Eleuth_eratorum secundum ordines, &c. tom. 2. Kiliæ. 8vo.

--------- * _Syst_ema _Rhyng_otorum secundum ordines, &c. Brunsvigæ 1803. 8vo.

--------- * _Syst_ema _Piez_atorum secundum ordines, &c. Brunsvigæ 1804. 8vo.

--------- * _Syst_ema _Antl_iatorum secundum ordines, &c. Brunsvigæ 1805. 8vo.

--------- Resultate natur historischer _vorlesungen_. Kiel. 1804. 8vo.

_Fabricius_ (Otho) _F_au_n_a _Groenland_ica, systematice sistens animalia Groenlandiæ occidentalis hactenus indagata, &c. Hafniæ et Lipsiæ 1780. 8vo.

_Fischer_ (Gotthelf) * _Entomogr_aphia Imperii _Russ_ici, &c. vol. 1. Mosquæ 1820--. 4to.

_Fischers._ Beschreibung eins huhns mit menschenähnlichen profile. St. Petersburg 1816. 8vo.

_Fleming_ (John, D.D.) * The _Philosophy of Zoology_, or a general view of the structure, functions, and classification of animals. 2 vols. Edinburgh 1822. 8vo.

_Fontana_ (Felice) On Poisons. (E. Tr.) London 1787. 12mo.

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