CHAPTER XVII

CONCLUSION

28TH OCTOBER 1918 TO 15TH MARCH 1919

At the beginning of November 1918 Germany stood alone against her enemies. The tottering empire of Austria soon shared the fate of Bulgaria and Turkey. The Italian armies, which during the critical summer months had remained inactive, in the late autumn hastened to join in the general onslaught against the crumbling resistance of the Central European States. On the 23rd October the offensive began, and four days later the Piave was crossed by British and Italian forces. As a result of this blow the mouldering edifice of the Hapsburg dominions immediately collapsed, and on the 3rd November Austria[136] accepted the armistice terms of General Diaz.

The military position of Germany was utterly hopeless. While maintaining for a time her grasp on the Meuse against the Americans, she was wholly unable to arrest the progress of the British armies on the northern wing of the far-flung battle front. In the Battles of the Selle, 17th to 25th October, the British forced the passage of the river, and advanced to the line of the Sambre. Bankrupt of hope and device Ludendorff surrendered to the logic of events, and resigned on the 26th October. Surmounting their commissariat difficulties the Americans broke the enemy line on the southern flank of the battle, and this disaster destroyed all chance of the German army being safely withdrawn behind the Rhine for the protection of the Fatherland. The Allied forces were rapidly converging on the hostile lines of communication, and after the great British victory of the 4th November, when the Sambre was crossed and large numbers of prisoners were captured, the retreat developed into a rout. Though the pursuit was retarded by difficulties of transport owing to roads and railways having been mined by the enemy, it was beyond doubt that but for the Armistice on the 11th November the German forces would have been compelled ignominiously to lay down their arms. The Armistice was in fact a capitulation.

During these fateful days the Ninth was reorganising near Harlebeke. After a short spell of rest the troops recovered their wonted vigour and the drawn, haggard look disappeared from the faces of officers and men. On the 5th November the whole Division was reviewed by H.M. the King of the Belgians. After the ceremony H.M. the Queen of the Belgians requested General Tudor to cut from his sleeve the divisional sign (a silver thistle on a blue background); he did so, and then she pinned it on her breast. Ever after the G.O.C. wore only one badge. Every preparation was made for the Division to return to the front line, but as the days passed it became increasingly doubtful if it would see any more fighting; for it was known that the Germans were negotiating for terms, and even the consistent pessimists of all ranks admitted that there was a chance of the war being finished before Christmas. The spread of social agitation within the Fatherland and the flight of the Kaiser to Holland on the 9th November made it impossible for the enemy to do anything but surrender. On the evening of the 10th the news filtered through to the men that Germany had accepted the Armistice terms and that hostilities were to cease on the next day at 11 A.M. The event occasioned the wildest rejoicings and all units in the Division celebrated it by a special divine service on the 11th.

During the following days camp gossip was chiefly concerned with the question as to which British divisions would have the honour of marching through Germany to the bridgehead, which in accordance with the terms of the Armistice was to be formed across the Rhine. There was great jubilation when it became known that the Ninth had been chosen as the left division of the Army of Occupation. It was the only division of the New Armies to take part in the triumphal march.

The march began on the 14th November. Until the 4th December our route lay through the occupied portion of Belgium, and the troops received an exuberant welcome from the officials and inhabitants of the villages and towns through which they passed. Usually the main streets were spanned by arches gaudily decorated with streamers and the flags of the Allies. Here and there effigies clad in the familiar field-grey and suspended from gibbets, revealed clearly the intense hatred of the Belgians for the vanquished foe. The liberated people frequently evinced a childish delight in displaying the ornaments, goods and wines which they had succeeded in concealing from the invaders during the four years of war. Every place gave evidence of the universal respect and affection of the people for their heroic monarch, and there were tremendous rejoicings when on the 22nd November King Albert made his formal entry into the capital. On that occasion the Division was represented by the massed pipers of the Highland Brigade and a company of the same brigade, with platoons from each of the three battalions and the 9th Seaforths. Officers and men were also given an opportunity of visiting the city, and so overwhelming was the welcome of the citizens that they had the greatest difficulty in tearing themselves away from the attractions of Brussels.

On the 4th December the Ninth left the friendly soil of Belgium and entered the unravaged territory of the enemy, most of the battalions passing the boundary post to the tune of “A’ the Blue Bonnets are over the Border.” The atmosphere here was icy compared with that of Belgium. A few of the German civilians, well versed in military customs, tested the temper of the men by attempting to break through the ranks, but so rough and unpleasant were their experiences that they found few imitators. Apart from this show of bravado there was no expression of hostility. Several of the inhabitants showed signs of terror, evidently anticipating reprisals for the outrages which their soldiers had committed in Belgium and in France, but they were soon reassured when it became apparent that our men were neither vindictive nor malicious. Some of our wilder spirits regarded German shops and cafés as places that might be legitimately looted, but that practice was peremptorily repressed, and as a whole the troops showed the same scrupulous regard for the property of the enemy as for that of their allies.[137] Owing to the Revolution in Germany and the consequent collapse of regular government, riots broke out in the large towns, and in order to save Cologne the 28th Brigade was sent up there by rail at the request of the German authorities. The stately city of the Rhine was reached by the remainder of the Division on the 9th and 10th December.

Here three days were spent in cleaning up kit and polishing brass; then on the 13th December the Ninth crossed the Rhine by the boat bridge at Mulheim. Several of the units had to march a long way to reach the starting-point, and there was slight confusion which was regrettable, as it was the intention of our authorities to impress[138] the enemy with our discipline and organisation. The salute was taken by the British Military Governor, Sir Charles Fergusson, but the ceremony was spoiled by the torrents of rain which descended all day. By the 15th the Division had taken up its position on the perimeter of the bridgehead near Solingen, Wald, and Haan, D.H.Q. being established at Ohligs.

Thirty-two days had been spent in proceeding from Harlebeke to the perimeter. On fifteen of them no advance was made in order to allow the Supply Services to bring up rations and stores which had to be conveyed by motor lorries since all the railways had been damaged. During the other days, an average of 11½ miles per day was covered; the total distance was 193 miles.

It was eminently desirable that the men should realise in some tangible form that they had won the war. Only first-rate billets were accepted, and burgomasters and their staffs were badgered until these buildings were satisfactorily equipped with beds, cooking ranges, and up-to-date sanitary arrangements. Halls were taken over for concerts and reading-rooms, and cinematographs were run for the entertainment of the men. Parties were granted permission to visit Cologne, and every unit was given an allotment of tickets for the Opera House; but the boon most cherished by the men was the liberty to travel by tram or rail without payment. If there was little friendliness between the troops and the inhabitants, there was practically no friction, and the discipline of the soldiers and the fairness of their behaviour were gratefully acknowledged by the townspeople. The first great difficulty of “Q” was the provision of the Christmas dinner. Germany had barely sufficient food to feed her own people, and supplies had to be drawn from the rear areas. Unfortunately as the railway system over the devastated regions required a great deal of repair to put it in good working order, the provisions were delayed, but luckily they turned up in time for the 1st January, an appropriate date for a Scottish Division.

Bridgehead duties were not onerous. The troops certainly enjoyed the power of being able to subject the Germans to restrictions which they themselves had for more than four years imposed on Belgian and French people. The inhabitants were forbidden to be out of doors between 9 P.M. and 6 A.M. without a pass. In the small hours of the 1st January, a Royal Scot officer was proceeding to his billet after the Hogmanay celebrations when he met a civilian in the streets of Haan. This open disregard of our regulations was not to be tolerated, and the officer curtly asked the German for his pass; he was completely nonplussed by the bland query—“Is it not that we are permitted to circulate after 6 A.M.?”

Certain specified goods were not allowed to be taken across our frontier, and our most exacting task was the repression of smuggling. All sorts of ingenious devices were resorted to, but they were quickly detected as our men gained experience. The craft of Teutonic and Jewish traders in exploiting the innate chivalry of the British soldier by using their womenfolk to convey prohibited goods, the British authorities countered by sending up officers of the W.A.A.C. and soon it became as difficult to smuggle goods past our posts as it is to deceive the Customs officials at Dover. Periodic raids were made upon trains, and while W.A.A.C. officers searched the German women the troops searched the men and explored the engine and compartments; usually a surprising amount of contraband was brought to light, on one occasion several cases of whisky being found under the coals in an engine tender.

The defect of the Teuton is that as a rule he has no sense of humour, but he had one good score against us. A report from a German source reached our authorities to the effect that a certain citizen of Wald was manufacturing air bombs. The secret manufacture of munitions within our area was of course forbidden, and a party of soldiers of the 27th Brigade raided the offender’s house. He was found to be a paralytic old gentleman, unable to move about, and a thorough search of his premises failed to disclose any sign of the bombs. Ultimately the officer in charge asked him where he stored his weapons. At first the old man looked puzzled, then light seemed to dawn on him and he directed the party to a small cabinet in a drawer of which lay the air bombs. The feelings of the officer on picking one up can be better imagined than described; it consisted of a tiny pole with a paper flag attached to a small leaden contrivance which, when fitted with a cap of the sort used to discharge toy pistols and dropped on the ground, caused the flag to rise gently into the air to a height of over ten feet.

Those who infringed our regulations were tried by a summary court presided over by an officer of field rank. The maximum fine which such a court could impose was 7000 marks, and the maximum period of imprisonment was six months. All accused had the right of appeal to the Military Governor, and the more serious cases were tried by a special court equivalent to a court-martial. The fines and penalties depended upon the gravity which the officer ascribed to a particular offence, and naturally throughout the area of occupation there was for a time considerable discrepancy between the penalties imposed for the same kind of offence. Gradually only officers with legal training were placed over these courts, and a regulated scale for each particular type of offence was laid down.

Demobilisation was the question of greatest moment for one and all. Having viewed the enemy’s country, officers and men were eager to return as soon as possible to their civilian occupations. There would have been practically no trouble if a definite scheme had been issued, and a date assigned for the commencement of demobilisation. But demobilisation was begun at once, with the result that many soldiers who had seen little or no active service were demobilised either because they happened to be at home on leave at the time, or because they were classified as “pivotal.” The “pivotal” clause was grossly abused, and under this pretext mere youths of eighteen years of age, who had never heard a gun fired in anger, were allowed to go home. Such anomalies created much restiveness and irritation among the older men, and not until they were removed and a smooth-working system devised was the general discontent allayed.

The military authorities acted with tact and sympathy. Training was mostly recreational with a view to keeping the men interested and in good health. After a time those waiting for demobilisation were collected in special camps and separated from those who were to form part of the Army of Occupation. Education was a useful safety-valve during the period of irritation; it kept the men employed and was probably more congenial to them than ceremonial drill. Owing to lack of trained teachers and constant changes of personnel it could scarcely be said that the standard of instruction within units was very high, but all who were really anxious to study were taken from the various units and concentrated in the Ninth Divisional College, where the best teaching ability at the disposal of the Division was available. This College was opened at Ohligs before the end of December 1918, and there much excellent work was carried out.

In the month of February Colours were presented to the various Service Battalions; to those of the 26th Brigade at Solingen by General Plumer, to the 27th at Wald, and to the 28th at Benrath by General Jacob. The Division preserved its identity till the 15th March 1919, but long before that date the vast majority of the officers and men who had fought with it had been demobilised. After the 15th, divisions were reformed under different designations. When the well-tried and trusted leaders of the Ninth were transferred to other posts and new and unfamiliar officers took command it was clear that a new era had begun. The units of the Highland Brigade were transferred to another division and battalions who had not shared in the Ninth’s brotherhood of arms took their place.

The history of the Ninth Division ends with the formal disappearance of its title on the 15th March. In the chronicle of its achievements attention is inevitably focussed mainly on the doings of the infantry and the gunners. But just as a good Quartermaster is a blessing to his battalion, though his name rarely occurs in the story of its battles, a division cannot expect to be successful without efficient “Q” and administrative work. The Ninth had good reason to be proud of its special branches, the Sappers, Pioneers, R.A.M.C., A.S.C., and Ordnance; their skilled help, generously given, was a factor of first-rate importance in giving the Division its prominent name among the British forces in France. Their work was assiduous and unremitting and was often carried on under conditions of great strain and extreme peril, particularly in the case of the Sappers, Pioneers, and R.A.M.C. A more trying ordeal can scarcely be imagined than that of digging under a heavy bombardment. The preparations for every battle involved an enormous amount of toil on the part of the Pioneers and the Sappers, and a slight idea of it may be gathered from the summary of their preparations prior to the 9th April 1917 given in Appendix VI.

The Ninth was exceptionally fortunate in its “Q” Branch; no division could have had more efficient or painstaking officers than Lieut.-Colonel McHardy and Lieut.-Colonel Jeffcoat. Details were worked out with a precision and care that ensured success, and a promise of “Q” was equivalent to a fulfilment. Even when the Division was encamped in the most desolate regions “Q” was able in a surprisingly short space of time to furnish baths, laundries, changes of clothing, and all the other comforts that helped to make the war endurable, and its arrangements for the transference of the troops from one spot to another were such as to cause the minimum of discomfort and inconvenience to the men. Ever since the time of Lieut.-Colonel McHardy, “Q” showed the same concern for the welfare of units attached to the Ninth as for its own troops. This system was carried on and expanded by Lieut.-Colonel Jeffcoat, and the most convincing testimony of its value was that A.F.A. Brigades liked to be attached to the Division.

The unit that had perhaps most reason to complain that the worth of its labours was never fully appreciated by the infantry was the Ordnance Department, which, consisting of an officer and 13 men, had to satisfy the needs of 16,000 men, 3750 horses and mules, and numerous vehicles and bicycles, in everything except food, light, and fuel. The excellence of the work performed by this Branch was largely the explanation why it was so much taken for granted; if it had proved less competent in furnishing and repairing munitions it would have been better though less favourably known to the infantry. The Ordnance people averred that they toiled harder than any other section in the Division; when units were in the line they were busy meeting their fighting needs and when they were out they were busier still re-equipping them. Undoubtedly a vast amount of very useful work was done by the Ordnance and some idea of it may be gleaned from the list quoted in Appendix VII.

In a more subtle and impalpable fashion the Padres contributed to the efficiency of the Division by keeping before the men the lofty principles for which they were fighting, and by emphasising the moral basis of the war. Those attached to battalions were of enormous assistance to C.Os. in organising services, concerts and entertainments for the men, and never did they withhold comfort and advice from those who sought their help. Many men who took part in the Longueval fighting had cause to bless Padre Johnston and his coffee stall.[139] Padre Oddie was one of the personalities of the Division and he was noted for the assiduity with which he cultivated his “parish” both in and out of the trenches. All rendered yeoman service in the sad task of burying the dead, and Padre Smith MacIntosh treasures as one of his most cherished possessions a letter he received from Brig.-General Maxwell thanking him for his labours in this respect near the Chemical Works.

The popular Padre Brown was best known from his connection with “The Thistles” concert troupe, whose entertainments were as beneficial as a tonic to men just drawn from battle. The members of this troupe performed these duties in addition to their ordinary army work. But death made sad havoc among their ranks; the loss of Sergeant Peart of the 28th Field Ambulance at Passchendaele in 1917 was a great blow; he was the most charming lady impersonator that the Ninth ever possessed, and his death was mourned by the whole Division.

The battle record of the Ninth in the war is one to be proud of. It was engaged at Loos, at the Somme twice, four times at Arras, and twice at Passchendaele; it played a conspicuous part in breaking up the German offensives in March and April, and after two minor actions at Meteren took part in the final operations from the 28th September to the 27th October. On the few occasions on which it failed, as at the Butte de Warlencourt on the 12th October 1916 and at St Julien in 1917, the power to win success was beyond human means.

A soldier prizes no praise more highly than that of another soldier, and such praise is most practically shown when a division is frequently employed in important engagements. During its service in France the Ninth missed only two major actions—Messines and Cambrai. Although on neither occasion was it fit for action, there was a murmur of regret amongst all ranks because it had no share in these conflicts. For while individually officers and men realised the awful tragedy and pain of battle, their intense pride in their Division made them fiercely jealous lest the omission to employ it sprang from a poor appraisement of its worth.

The Division had the great fortune to be commanded by a succession of leaders outstanding for character as well as knowledge, who with their fingers ever on its pulse, knew well how to direct and control it to the best advantage. But the true value of the Ninth depended not upon the pre-eminence of a few individuals, but upon the co-operative ability shown by all ranks and departments to work together. Each officer and each man contributed to a common stock, and while he might pass away his spirit was absorbed by the Division. The group is always stronger than the individual. While

“’Tis that repeated shocks, again, again, Exhaust the energy of strongest souls, And numb the elastic powers,”

after each devastating battle the Ninth rose Phœnix-like from its ashes, and at the end of the long struggle exhibited the same keenness and purposeful vigour it had ever shown since its formation.

[Illustration: MAJOR-GENERAL H. H. TUDOR, C.B., C.M.G.

[_London Portrait Co._]

The splendid arrogance of the Division, its well-founded faith in its own prowess, rested on the sure foundation of the fervent belief of each man in the righteousness of the cause for which he was fighting. To die for it if need be was the simple duty that animated all. The qualities that created the Empire are equally necessary to maintain it, and the security of a heritage depends essentially on the sense of duty of those who hold it. War still remains the supreme test of a nation’s efficiency, and it is the glory of democracy that it did not shirk that test when challenged. In keeping with the national spirit the Ninth Division had ever before it the injunction received from H.M. King George V. on the 10th May 1915, and its greatest honour is that from beginning to end it faithfully and loyally carried it out.

“_Officii fructus sit ipsum officium._”

As the war recedes into the past and as the emotions roused by it subside, the tendency is to linger on the splendid and spectacular advances of the latter part of 1918, and to exalt them at the expense of the previous battles. If the war is to be viewed from the proper angle, it should never be forgotten that after August 1918 the Germans were men without hope, and to deduce our lessons of the war from the last four months of fighting would be the height of folly. None knew better than those who fought at Loos, the Somme, Arras, and Passchendaele, and who also took part in the victorious advance, that in the last months we were able with confidence to take risks which it would have been rash to take in 1915, 1916, and 1917. Those whose active service was confined to the fighting after August 1918 never experienced the same deadly nerve-rack and the fierce acuities of emotion that sprang from the pitiless shelling and desperate strife of the previous campaigns. The wearing-out battles, when the foe was encountered at the zenith of his strength, with all their disappointments and mistakes alone made possible the gigantic advances at the end. A glance at the Division’s casualty list[140] shows clearly that the heat and burden of the day fell principally upon those who faced the enemy during the campaigns fought between September 1915 and the close of 1917. And the dead of the Ninth in the long chain of battles from Loos to the Lys had by their valour and sacrifice paved the way for the triumphal onset that carried the Division from Ypres to the Scheldt. The countless graves that strew the battle-line of France and Flanders contain the flower of the British race, and furnish silent but eloquent evidence of the robust qualities and manly faith without which the British Empire and all that it stands for must have passed away.

“_Qui procul hinc_—the legend’s writ, The frontier grave is far away; _Qui ante diem periit, Sed miles, sed pro patriâ_.”

APPENDIX I

TABLE SHOWING ORDER OF BATTLE OF THE NINTH (SCOTTISH) DIVISION

CAVALRY

“B” Squadron, Queen’s Own Royal Glasgow Yeomanry. Transferred to Corps, May 1916.

CYCLISTS

9th Division Company. Transferred to Corps, May 1916.

ROYAL ARTILLERY

R.F.A. BRIGADES | +-- L. | +-- LI. | +-- LII. | Became A.F.A. Bde. 8/1/17. | | In April 1916 D/L., D/LI., | and D/LII. were taken away | from their own Bdes. and | formed into the LIII. Bde. | R.F.A. The first three Bdes. | had thus one Howitzer and | three 18-pounder batteries. | | All batteries were then on | a 4-gun basis. | +-- LIII. (Howitzer). | | One battery sent | to the 7th Div. | 9/6/15. Reconstituted | April 1916, | the three batteries | exchanging with | D/L., D/LI., and | D/LII. Bde. broken | up 11/9/16 to complete | L. and LI. | to 6-gun batteries.

9th HEAVY BATTERY. Transferred to Corps, June 1915.

ROYAL ENGINEERS

63rd, 64th, and 90th Field Companies. 9th Signal Company.

INFANTRY

26TH HIGHLAND BRIGADE

8th Bn. Black Watch (Royal Highlanders). 7th Bn. Seaforth Highlanders (Ross-shire Buffs, The Duke of Albany’s). 8th Bn. The Gordon Highlanders. Transferred to 15th Div. 7/5/16. 5th Bn. The Queen’s Own Cameron Highlanders. 10th Bn. Princess Louise’s (Argyll and Sutherland) Highlanders. From 27th Bde. 3/5/16. Transferred to 32nd Div. 15/2/18.

27TH (LOWLAND) BRIGADE

11th Bn. The Royal Scots. 12th Bn. The Royal Scots. 6th Bn. The Royal Scots Fusiliers. Transferred to 15th Div. 8/5/16. 10th Bn. Princess Louise’s (Argyll and Sutherland) Highlanders. To 26th Bde. 3/5/16.

6th Bn. King’s Own Scottish Borderers. From 28th Bde. 6/5/16. 9th Bn. The Scottish Rifles (Cameronians). From 28th Bde. 6/5/16. Transferred to 14th Div. 5/2/18.

28TH BRIGADE

6th Bn. The King’s Own Scottish Borderers. } Transferred to 27th 9th Bn. The Scottish Rifles (Cameronians). } Bde. 6/5/16. 10th Bn. Highland Light Infantry. } Transferred to 15th Div. 11th Bn. Highland Light Infantry. } 14/5/16.

The 28th Bde. was broken up 6/5/16, and replaced by the

SOUTH AFRICAN BRIGADE

1st Regt. 2nd Regt. 3rd Regt. 4th Regt. South African Infantry. Disbanded (South African Scottish). 3/2/18.

On 24/4/18 the 1st, 2nd, and 4th Regiments were amalgamated, and formed the South African Composite Battalion; and the brigade, composed of this battalion, the 2nd Bn. The Royal Scots Fusiliers from the 30th Div. 25/4/18, and the 9th Scottish Rifles from the 14th Div. 13/4/18, was known as the 28th (South African) Brigade. The South African Brigade left the 9th Division in September 1918 and its place was taken by the

28TH BRIGADE (reorganised September 1918)

2nd Bn. The Royal Scots Fusiliers. 9th Bn. The Scottish Rifles. 1st Bn. The Royal Newfoundland Regiment. From L. of C. 13/9/18. Previously with the 29th Division.

PIONEERS

9th Bn. Seaforth Highlanders (Ross-shire Buffs, the Duke of Albany’s).

MACHINE-GUN CORPS

26th Company, 27th Company, 28th Company, 197th Company, formed 1/1/16. formed 22/12/15. formed 1/1/16. joined from England 13/12/16. 9th Battalion, formed 1/3/18.

ROYAL ARMY SERVICE CORPS[141]

104th, 105th, 106th, and 107th Companies.

ROYAL ARMY MEDICAL CORPS

27th 28th 29th Field Ambulances.

Replaced April 1916 by the South African Field Ambulance, which in September 1918 was replaced, first by the 76th (25th Div.), and then by the 2/1st (East Lancs.) Field Ambulance.

APPENDIX II

TABLE SHOWING THE PERIODS SPENT IN THE LINE FROM THE 9TH MAY 1915 TILL THE 11TH NOVEMBER 1918

1915 May. Landed in France (9th to 13th). June. Out. July. In line at Festubert. Aug. ” ” (till 18th). Sept. ” N.E. of Vermelles. Oct. ” S. of Zillebeke (from the 5th). Nov. In line E. of Zillebeke. Dec. ” ” (till the 20th).

1916 Jan. Out till the 26th. Feb. In line at Ploegsteert. Mar. ” ” Apr. ” ” May. ” ” June. Out. July. Attacked on 3rd at Bernafay; then in line at Montauban. Attacked on 14th (Longueval and Delville Wood); engaged till 20th; then out. Aug. In line at Vimy Ridge (from the 15th). Sept. In line at Vimy Ridge (till the 26th). Oct. In line near Butte de Warlencourt (from the 9th). Attacked on 12th, 18th, and 19th; out from 26th. Nov. Out. Dec. In line E. and N.E. of Arras (from 4th).

1917 Jan. In line E. and N.E. of Arras. Feb. ” ” ” Mar. ” ” ” Apr. ” ” ” Attacked on 9th and 12th, reaching Fampoux and Roeux; out from 16th to 28th. May. In line E. of Arras. Attacked on 3rd; out from 12th. June. In line near Roeux. Attacked on 5th; out from 14th. July. Out till 25th. Aug. In line, Trescault-Havrincourt-Hermies (till 30th). Sept. Out till 15th. In line N.W. of Zonnebeke. Attacked on 20th; out from 26th. Oct. In line near St Julien from 10th; attacked on 12th; out 25th to 28th. Nov. In line at Coast till 17th; then out. Dec. In line at Gouzeaucourt (from 6th).

1918 Jan. In line at Gouzeaucourt. Feb. Out from 3rd. Mar. In line at Gouzeaucourt (from 12th); engaged in Somme Retreat 21st to 27th. Apr. In line near Hollebeke (from 4th); fighting 10th and 11th, 16th and 25th; out from 26th. May. Out till 24th. June. In line at Meteren. July. ” ” Meteren captured 19th. Aug. In line at Meteren. Attacked on 18th; out from 26th. Sept. In line E. of Ypres (from 20th). Attacked 28th to 30th. Oct. Attacked 1st, 14th, 20th, 22nd, and 25th; then out.

APPENDIX III

LIST SHOWING (_A_) Commanders and Staff of the Ninth (Scottish) Division; (_B_) Battalion Commanders; (_C_) Artillery Brigade Commanders; (_D_) Field Company Commanders; (_E_) Field Ambulance Commanders from Formation in September 1914 to the Armistice, 11th November 1918.

_Notes._—(1) The dates given in these lists indicate the periods during which Commanders were serving with the Division.

(2) Decorations mentioned are those held or awarded during service with the Division.

(_A_) COMMANDERS AND STAFF

DIVISIONAL COMMANDERS

Maj.-Gen. C. J. Mackenzie, C.B. to Oct. 1914 ” Sir C. Fergusson, C.B., D.S.O., M.V.O. ” March 1915 ” H. J. S. Landon, C.B. ” Sept. 1915 ” G. H. Thesiger, C.B., C.M.G. ” Sept. 1915 (Loos) ” Sir W. T. Furse, K.C.B., D.S.O. ” Dec. 1916 ” Sir H. T. Lukin, K.C.B., C.M.G., D.S.O. ” 13th March 1918 ” C. A. Blacklock, C.M.G., D.S.O. ” 28th March 1918 ” H. H. Tudor, C.B., C.M.G. ” Armistice

G.S.Os.I.

Lt.-Col. C. H. de Rougemont, D.S.O., M.V.O. to July 1915 ” F. A. Buzzard ” Sept. 1915 ” S. E. Hollond, D.S.O. ” March 1916 ” P. A. V. Stewart, D.S.O. ” Dec. 1917 ” T. C. Mudie, D.S.O. ” Armistice

A.A. & Q.M.Gs.

Col. A. V. Payne to Feb. 1915 Lt.-Col. R. F. Uniacke ” May 1915 ” A. A. McHardy, C.M.G., D.S.O. ” Aug. 1916 ” A. C. Jeffcoat, C.B., C.M.G., D.S.O. ” Armistice

C.R.As.

Brig.-Gen. E. H. Armitage, C.B. to Feb. 1916 ” H. H. Tudor, C.B., C.M.G. ” March 1918 ” H. R. Wainwright, D.S.O. ” Armistice

C.R.Es.

Lt.-Col. H. A. A. Livingstone, C.M.G. to Sept. 1915 (Loos) ” C. M. Carpenter, D.S.O. ” Jan. 1916 ” E. Barnardiston ” July 1916 (Somme) ” G. R. Hearn, D.S.O. ” Feb. 1918 ” H. C. B. Hickling, D.S.O., M.C. ” Armistice

INFANTRY BRIGADE COMMANDERS

_26th Brigade._—

Brig.-Gen. H. R. Kelham, C.B. to Nov. 1914 ” E. St G. Grogan, C.B. ” May 1915 ” A. B. Ritchie, C.M.G. ” Dec. 1916 ” J. Kennedy, C.M.G., D.S.O. ” July 1918 ” The Hon. A. G. A. Hore Ruthven, V.C., C.B., C.M.G., D.S.O. ” Armistice

_27th Brigade._—

Brig.-Gen. W. Scott Moncrieff to Jan. 1915 ” C. D. Bruce ” Sept. 1915 (Loos) ” W. H. Walshe ” March 1916 ” G. F. Trotter, C.M.G., D.S.O., M.V.O. ” May 1916 ” S. W. Scrase-Dickins, C.B. ” Oct. 1916 ” F. A. Maxwell, V.C., C.S.I., D.S.O. ” Sept. 1917 (Passchendaele) ” W. D. Croft, C.M.G., D.S.O. ” Armistice

_28th Brigade._—

Brig.-Gen. S. W. Scrase-Dickins to May 1916

_South African Brigade._—

Brig.-Gen. H. T. Lukin, C.M.G., D.S.O. Apr. 1916 to Dec. 1916 ” F. S. Dawson, C.M.G., D.S.O. ” Mar. 1918 ” W. E. C. Tanner, C.M.G., D.S.O. ” Sept. 1918

_28th Brigade._—

Brig.-Gen. J. L. Jack, D.S.O. Sept. 1918 to Armistice

9TH DIVISIONAL TRAIN

Lt.-Col. R. P. Crawley, D.S.O., M.V.O. to Nov. 1917 ” R. MacLear, D.S.O. ” Armistice

A.D.M.S.

Col. G. Cree, C.M.G. Apr. 1915 to Nov. 1915 ” F. A. Symons, C.M.G., D.S.O. ” Apr. 1917 (Arras) ” O. W. A. Elsner, C.B.E., D.S.O. ” Armistice

(_B_) BATTALION COMMANDERS

26TH BRIGADE

_8th Black Watch_—

Lt.-Col. John Lord Sempill to Sept. 1915 (Loos) ” G. B. Duff Dec. 1915 ” Mar. 1916 ” G. W. E. Gordon, D.S.O. ” Sept. 1916 ” Sir G. Abercromby, D.S.O. ” Sept. 1917 ” R. W. Hadow, D.S.O. ” Aug. 1918 ” W. French, D.S.O., M.C. ” Armistice

_7th Seaforth Highlanders_—

Lt.-Col. W. T. Gaisford to Sept. 1915 (Loos) ” F. J. Marshall Dec. 1915 ” Apr. 1916 ” J. Kennedy, D.S.O. May 1916 ” Aug. 1916 ” R. Horn, D.S.O., M.C. ” Mar. 1918 ” Hon. D. Bruce Apr. 1918 ” Armistice

_8th Gordon Highlanders_—

Lt.-Col. G. Staunton to Feb. 1915 ” H. Wright, C.M.G., D.S.O. ” Sept. 1915 (Loos) ” A. D. Greenhill-Gardyne ” Mar. 1916 ” H. Pelham Burn, D.S.O. Apr. 1916 to May 1916

_5th Cameron Highlanders_—

Lt.-Col. D. W. Cameron of Lochiel, C.M.G. to March 1916 ” G. B. Duff, D.S.O. to July 1916 (Somme) ” H. R. Brown, D.S.O. ” May 1917 ” St C. M. G. MacEwen ” Oct. 1917 ” A. G. M. M. Crichton, D.S.O., M.C. to March 1918 ” J. Inglis, C.M.G., D.S.O., March 1918 to Sept. 1918 ” A. W. Angus, D.S.O. to Armistice

_10th Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders_—

Lt.-Col. W. J. B. Tweedie, C.M.G. May 1916 to July 1916 (Somme) ” J. Kennedy, D.S.O. to Dec. 1916 ” H. G. Sotheby, D.S.O., M.V.O. ” Feb. 1918

27TH BRIGADE

_11th Royal Scots_—

Lt.-Col. H. H. B. Dyson to Oct. 1914 ” R. C. Dundas ” Sept. 1915 (Loos) ” W. D. Croft, D.S.O. Dec. 1915 ” Sept. 1917 ” Sir J. B. S. Campbell, D.S.O. ” Oct. 1918 ” E. Boyd, M.C. ” Armistice

_12th Royal Scots_—

Lt.-Col. G. G. Loch, C.M.G. to Feb. 1916 ” H. L. Budge ” July 1916 (Somme) ” N. H. S. Fargus, D.S.O. ” March 1917 ” H. U. H. Thorne ” Apr. 1917 (Arras) ” J. A. S. Ritson, D.S.O., M.C. ” June 1918 ” J. Murray, D.S.O. ” Armistice

_6th Royal Scots Fusiliers_—

Lt.-Col. H. H. Northey, C.M.G. to Sept. 1915 (Loos) ” Rt. Hon. Winston Churchill, Jan. 1916 to May 1916

_10th Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders_—

Lt.-Col. A. F. Mackenzie, C.M.G., M.V.O. to Sept. 1915 (Loos) ” H. Pelham Burn, D.S.O. Dec. 1915 to Apr. 1916 ” W. J. B. Tweedie, C.M.G. to May 1916

_6th King’s Own Scottish Borderers_—

Lt.-Col. J. C. W. Connell, D.S.O. May 1916 to Oct. 1916 ” G. B. F. Smyth, D.S.O. to May 1917 ” H. D. N. Maclean, D.S.O. Aug. 1917 to Oct. 1917 ” G. B. F. Smyth, D.S.O. March 1918 and May 1918 to Oct. 1918 ” R. F. Ker, D.S.O., M.C. to Armistice

_9th Scottish Rifles_—

Lt.-Col. H. A. Fulton, D.S.O. May 1916 to July 1917 ” W. Lumsden, D.S.O., M.C. ” Feb. 1918

_10th Highland Light Infantry_—

Lt.-Col. J. C. Grahame, D.S.O. to Sept. 1915 (Loos) ” H. C. Stuart, D.S.O. ” Jan. 1916 ” J. C. Grahame, D.S.O. ” May 1916

_11th Highland Light Infantry_—

Lt.-Col. H. C. Fergusson, C.M.G. to Jan. 1916 ” R. F. Forbes ” May 1916

SOUTH AFRICAN BRIGADE

_1st South African Infantry_—

Lt.-Col. F. S. Dawson, C.M.G. Apr. 1916 to Dec. 1916 ” F. H. Heal, D.S.O. to March 1918

_2nd South African Infantry_—

Lt.-Col. W. E. C. Tanner, C.M.G., D.S.O. Apr. 1916 to Oct. 1917 ” E. Christian, D.S.O. to March 1918

_3rd South African Infantry_—

Lt.-Col. E. F. Thackeray, C.M.G., D.S.O. Apr. 1916 to Feb. 1918

_4th South African Infantry_—

Lt.-Col. F. A. Jones, C.M.G., D.S.O. May 1916 to July 1916 (Somme) ” D. R. Hunt to Dec. 1916 ” E. Christian, D.S.O. ” Apr. 1917 ” D. M. MacLeod, D.S.O. ” March 1918

_South African (Composite) Battalion_—

Lt.-Col. H. W. M. Bamford, O.B.E., M.C. Apr. 1918 to Sept. 1918

28TH BRIGADE

_2nd Royal Scots Fusiliers_—

Lt.-Col. J. Utterson-Kelso, D.S.O., M.C. Apr. 1918 to Oct. 1918 ” R. Campbell, D.S.O. to Nov. 1918 ” C. S. Nairne ” Armistice

_9th Scottish Rifles_—

Lt.-Col. W. Lumsden, D.S.O., M.C. Apr. 1918 to Armistice

_1st Bn. Royal Newfoundland Regiment_—

Lt.-Col. T. G. Matthias, D.S.O. Sept. 1918 to Armistice

PIONEERS

_9th Seaforth Highlanders_—

Lt.-Col. T. Fetherstonhaugh, D.S.O. to March 1917 ” W. Petty, D.S.O. ” Aug. 1918 ” S. F. Sharp, M.C. ” Armistice

_9th Machine-gun Battalion_—

Lt.-Col. F. G. Chalmers, M.C. March 1918 to June 1918 ” H. J. W. Davis, D.S.O. ” Armistice

(_C_) ARTILLERY BRIGADE COMMANDERS

50TH BRIGADE

Lt.-Col. A. C. Bailward to Jan. 1915 ” C. E. D. Budworth, M.V.O. ” March 1915 ” C. C. Van Straubenzee ” Aug. 1915 ” E. W. S. Brooke, D.S.O. ” Aug. 1917 ” C. W. W. McLean, C.M.G., D.S.O. ” March 1918 ” J. de B. Cowan, D.S.O. ” May 1918 ” C. W. W. McLean, C.M.G., D.S.O. ” Armistice

51ST BRIGADE

Lt.-Col. A. H. Carter to Aug. 1916 ” G. A. S. Cape, D.S.O. ” Oct. 1917 ” M. Muirhead, D.S.O. ” Armistice

52ND BRIGADE

Lt.-Col. F. W. Boteler to March 1915 ” A. M. Perreau, C.M.G. ” June 1916 ” H. M. Ballingall ” June 1916 ” H. T. Belcher, D.S.O. ” Jan. 1917

53RD BRIGADE

Lt.-Col. C. N. Simpson to Feb. 1915 ” K. K. Knapp, C.M.G. ” Nov. 1915 ” H. T. Belcher, D.S.O. ” Sept. 1916

(_D_) FIELD COMPANY COMMANDERS

63RD COMPANY

Capt. C. Doucet to Nov. 1914 Major L. W. S. Oldham ” July 1915 ” A. W. Reid, M.C. ” Apr. 1917 ” R. E. Bruce Fielding, D.S.O. ” Armistice

64TH COMPANY

Capt. W. E. Francis to Nov. 1914 Major G. R. Hearn, D.S.O. ” Aug. 1916 ” C. G. Woolner, M.C. ” Oct. 1917 ” N. Clavering, M.C. ” July 1918 Capt. T. F. Young, D.S.O., M.C. ” Oct. 1918

90TH COMPANY

Major C. S. Montefiore to May 1915 ” C. D. Munro ” Sept. 1915 (Loos) ” G. B. F. Smyth, D.S.O. ” Oct. 1916 ” S. W. S. Hamilton, D.S.O. ” Sept. 1917 ” T. G. Bird, D.S.O. ” Armistice

(_E_) FIELD AMBULANCE COMMANDERS

27TH FIELD AMBULANCE

Lt.-Col. O. W. A. Elsner, D.S.O. to Apr. 1917 ” J. M. A. Costello, M.C. ” Armistice

28TH FIELD AMBULANCE

Lt.-Col. W. E. Hardy to June 1915 ” H. C. R. Hine ” Aug. 1915 Capt. G. P. Taylor ” Jan. 1916 ” Darling, M.C. ” Aug. 1916 Lt.-Col. T. E. Harty, D.S.O. ” Armistice

29TH FIELD AMBULANCE

Lt.-Col. F. R. Buswell to Oct. 1915 Major R. P. Lewis ” May 1916

S. A. FIELD AMBULANCE

Lt.-Col. G. H. Usmar May 1916 to Aug. 1916 ” R. N. Pringle, D.S.O., M.C. ” Sept. 1918

2ND/1ST (EAST LANCS.) FIELD AMBULANCE

Lt.-Col. J. Bruce Sept. 1918 to Armistice

APPENDIX IV

CASUALTIES OF THE NINTH DIVISION

(A). _Approximate Number of Casualties suffered by the Division in Battle._

+-------------+-----------------+--------------------+--------------+ | | Officers. | Other Ranks. | Total. | | +-----+-----+-----+------+------+------+------+-------+ | | K. | W. | M. | K. | W. | M. |Offic-| Other | | | | | | | | | ers. | Ranks.| +-------------+-----+-----+-----+------+------+------+------+-------+ |_Loos_—25th to 28th Sept. 1915 | | | 63 | 100 | 27 | 798 | 3,037| 2,032| 190 | 5,867 | | | |_Somme_— Longueval and Delville Wood, 1st to 20th July 1916 | | | 82 | 214 | 18 | 1,148| 5,091| 964 | 314 | 7,203 | | | |_Butte de Warlencourt_— 12th to 24th Oct. 1916 | | | 28 | 74 | 16 | 460 | 2,131| 546 | 118 | 3,137 | | | |_Arras_—9th April 1917 | | | 26 | 91 | .. | 382 | 1,481| 68 | 117 | 1,931 | | 12th April | 7 | 55 | 3 | 122 | 987 | 189 | 65 | 1,298 | | 3rd May | 13 | 52 | 23 | 161 | 1,150| 459 | 88 | 1,770 | | 5th June | 4 | 8 | 1 | 36 | 141| 19 | 13 | 196 | | | |_Passchendaele_—20th Sept. 1917 | | | 22 | 64 | .. | 411 | 1,754| 124 | 86 | 2,289 | | 12th to 25th Oct. 1917 | | | 28 | 69 | 5 | 387 | 1,932| 225 | 102 | 2,544 | | | |_Somme Retreat_—21st to 28th Mar. 1918 | | | 26 | 113 | 105 | 304 | 1,799| 2,760| 244 | 4,863 | | | |_The Lys_—9th to 26th April 1918 | | | 35 | 95 | 39 | 401 | 1,832| 1,646| 169 | 3,879 | | | |_Meteren_—19th July 1918 | | | 13 | 20 | 2 | 186 | 537 | 45 | 35 | 768 | | | |_Hoegenacker_—18th August 1918 | | | 4 | 16 | 1 | 65 | 324 | 23 | 21 | 412 | | | |_Final Advance_—28th Sept, to 27th Oct. 1918 | | | 44 | 139 | 5 | 470 | 2,858| 276 | 188 | 3,604 | | +-----+-----+-----+------+------+------+------+-------+ | | 395 |1,110| 245 | 5,331|25,054| 9,376| 1,750|39,761 | +-------------+-----+-----+-----+------+------+------+------+-------+ | | | (B). _Approximate Number of Casualties from May 1915 | | to November 1918._ | +-------------+-----+-----+-----+------+------+------+------+-------+ | | 474 | 1744| 275 | 7,425|34,559|10,138| 2,493| 52,122| +-------------+-----+-----+-----+------+------+------+------+-------+

APPENDIX V

VICTORIA CROSSES WON BY OFFICERS AND MEN OF THE NINTH DIVISION DURING THE WAR

CORPORAL JAMES DALGLEISH POLLOCK, 5th Bn. The Cameron Highlanders

For most conspicuous bravery near the Hohenzollern Redoubt on the 27th September 1915.

At about 12 noon when the enemy’s bombers in superior numbers were working up “Little Willie” towards the Redoubt, Corporal Pollock, after obtaining permission from his company officer, got out of the trench alone, walked along the top edge with the utmost coolness and disregard of danger and compelled the enemy’s bombers to retire by bombing them from above. He was under heavy machine-gun fire the whole time, but continued to hold up the progress of the Germans for an hour, when he was at length wounded.

PRIVATE WILLIAM FREDERICK FAULDS, 1st Regiment, South African Infantry

At Delville Wood, on 18th July 1916. For most conspicuous bravery and devotion to duty. A bombing party under Lieutenant Craig attempted to rush across forty yards of ground which lay between the British and enemy trenches. Coming under very heavy rifle and machine-gun fire, the officer and the majority of the party were killed or wounded. Unable to move, Lieutenant Craig lay midway between the two lines of trenches, the ground being quite open. In full daylight Private Faulds, accompanied by two other men, climbed the parapet, ran out, picked up the officer and carried him back, one man being severely wounded in so doing.

Two days later Private Faulds again showed most conspicuous bravery in going out alone to bring in a wounded man, and carrying him nearly half a mile to a dressing-station, subsequently rejoining his platoon. The artillery-fire was at the time so intense that stretcher-bearers and others considered that any attempt to bring in the wounded men meant certain death. This risk Private Faulds faced unflinchingly, and his bravery was crowned with success.

CAPTAIN HENRY REYNOLDS, M.C., 12th Bn. The Royal Scots

For most conspicuous bravery. When his company, in attack and approaching their final objective, suffered heavy casualties from enemy machine-guns and from an enemy “Pill-box,” which had been passed by the first wave, Captain Reynolds reorganised his men, who were scattered, and then proceeded alone by rushes from shell-hole to shell-hole, all the time being under heavy machine-gun fire. When near the “Pill-box” he threw a grenade, intending that it should go inside, but the enemy had blocked the entrance. He then crawled to the entrance and forced a phosphorous grenade inside. This set the place on fire and caused the death of three of the enemy, while the remaining seven or eight surrendered with two machine-guns.

Afterwards, though wounded, he continued to lead his company against another objective and captured it, taking seventy prisoners and two more machine-guns.

During the whole attack the company was under heavy machine-gun fire from the flanks, but despite this Captain Reynolds kept complete control of his men.

LANCE-CORPORAL WILLIAM HENRY HEWITT, 2nd Regiment, South African Infantry

At east of Ypres on 20th September 1917, for most conspicuous bravery during operations. Lance-Corporal Hewitt attacked a “Pill-box” with his section, and tried to rush the doorway. The garrison however proved very stubborn, and in the attempt this N.C.O. received a severe wound. Nevertheless, he proceeded to the loophole of the “Pill-box” where, in his attempts to put a bomb into it, he was again wounded in the arm. Undeterred, however, he eventually managed to get a bomb inside which caused the occupants to dislodge, and they were successfully and speedily dealt with by the remainder of the section.

LIEUTENANT ROBERT VAUGHAN GORLE, “A” Battery, 5th Brigade R.F.A.

For most conspicuous bravery, initiative, and devotion to duty during the attack at Ledeghem on 1st October 1918, when in command of an 18-pounder gun working in close conjunction with the infantry. He brought his gun into action in the most exposed positions on four separate occasions, and disposed of enemy machine-guns by firing over open sights under direct machine-gun fire at 500 to 600 yards’ range.

Later, seeing that the infantry were being driven back by intense hostile fire, he without hesitation galloped his gun in front of the leading infantry, and on two occasions knocked out enemy machine-guns which were causing the trouble. His dash and disregard of personal safety were a magnificent example to the wavering line, which rallied and retook the northern end of the village.

PRIVATE THOMAS RICKETTS, The Royal Newfoundland Regiment

For most conspicuous bravery and devotion to duty on the 14th October 1918. During the advance from Ledeghem, when the attack was temporarily held up by heavy hostile fire, and the platoon to which he belonged suffered severe casualties from the fire of a battery at point-blank range, Private Ricketts at once volunteered to go forward with his section commander and a Lewis Gun to attempt to outflank the battery. Advancing by short rushes under heavy fire from machine-guns with the hostile battery, their ammunition was exhausted when they were still 300 yards from the battery. The enemy, seeing an opportunity to get their field-guns away, began to bring up their gun teams. Private Ricketts, at once realising the situation, doubled back 100 yards under the heaviest machine-gun fire, procured further ammunition, and dashed back again to the Lewis Gun, and by very accurate fire drove the enemy and the gun teams into a farm. His platoon then advanced without casualties and captured four field-guns, four machine-guns, and eight prisoners. A fifth field-gun was subsequently intercepted by fire and captured. By his presence of mind in anticipating the enemy intention and his utter disregard of personal safety, Private Ricketts secured the further supply of ammunition which directly resulted in these important captures and undoubtedly saved many lives.

CORPORAL ROLAND EDWARD ELCOCK, M.M., 11th Bn. The Royal Scots

For most conspicuous bravery and initiative south-east of Cappelle St Catherine on 15th October 1918, when in charge of a Lewis Gun team. Entirely on his own initiative, Corporal Elcock rushed his gun up to within ten yards of enemy guns, which were causing heavy casualties and holding up the advance. He put both guns out of action, captured five prisoners and undoubtedly saved the whole attack from being held up. Later, near the river Lys, this N.C.O. again attacked an enemy machine-gun and captured the crew. His behaviour throughout the day was absolutely fearless.

APPENDIX VI

SUMMARY OF WORK DONE BY SAPPERS AND PIONEERS IN PREPARATION FOR THE BATTLE OF ARRAS, 9TH APRIL 1917

1. 3500 yards of new communication trenches.

2. New artillery trench (1600 yards) dug for advanced positions of three brigades.

3. 4300 yards of old communications cleared at least once; trench boards raised in part on “A” frames, and berms cleared back.

4. 2800 yards of tramway cleared and track raised 18 feet in places; a very successful job, enabling large quantities of ammunition for trench mortars, etc., to be run up. 1000 yards of new tramway laid, including tramways to gun positions.

5. 10 heavy trench mortar emplacements with at least 10 feet overhead cover, and mined magazines holding 200 rounds; these proved very successful and saved many casualties.

6. 38 medium emplacements proof against 4·2 H.E. shells.

7. 7 artillery observation posts in Arras and 7 trench observation posts with mined dug-outs; also telephone exchange at sewer exit in Arras.

8. 1500 yards of roads cleared and repaired, and 3 subways made for passage under roads.

9. 4500 yards of infantry tracks made, with a small amount of assistance from infantry of the Fourth Division. 3000 artillery tracks made, including 35 bridges. Overland tracks made along 4500 yards of communication trenches. Pontoon bridge over the Scarpe repaired for pack transport.

10. Additional water storage for 1500 gallons, and about 2000 yards of piped supply to battery positions.

11. 74 cellars and a cave in St. Nicholas strutted, and 15 dug-outs extended or improved. 3 brigade H.Q. made, one of which was made sufficiently large for advanced D.H.Q.

12. 4013 bunks erected in Etrun, Laresset, and Haute Avesnes. 518 bunks repaired, 8 Nissen huts and 13 cookhouse shelters erected. A billet for 44 officers made in a French Adrian hut. Brigade H.Q. made in St. Catherine for the Thirty-fourth Division, also dug-outs for the 50th Brigade R.F.A. and signals in St. Nicholas.

13. The large quantity of articles turned out by divisional workshops included:—

70 camouflaged targets for marking of objectives when captured. 143 water-carriers for pack transport. 350 infantry track posts. 138 trench bridges. 260 printed notice boards. 30 direction posts. 100 artillery track posts. 20 stretchers.

In addition, the Sappers made entrances for the 27th Brigade to the craters in its front line, and exploded craters (for assembly purposes) in front of the South African sector.

All this work took about two months.

APPENDIX VII

LIST SHOWING MATERIAL ISSUED AND SALVED BY THE ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT IN 1918

+----------------------------+-------------+----------+----------+ | | Original | Actually | Actually | | | Issues on | issued | salved | | |Mobilisation.| 1918. | 1918. | +----------------------------+-------------+----------+----------+ | Boots, ankle, pairs | 32,000 | 24,160 | 23,520 | | Greatcoats | 16,000 | 7,440 | 8,160 | | Trousers | 13,000 | 21,840 | 18,160 | | Jackets | 16,000 | 23,520 | 22,960 | | Pantaloons, cord | 3,000 | 8,701 | 9,183 | | Puttees, pairs | 16,000 | 24,120 | 23,200 | | Ground sheets | 16,000 | 7,248 | 7,248 | | Socks, pairs | 48,000 | 41,232 | 42,000 | | Shoes, horse and mule | | 64,743 | *140 | | Bottles, water | 16,000 | 5,782 | 5,000 | | Haversacks | 16,000 | 1,184 | 1,100 | | Vests | 16,000 | 25,056 | 25,056 | | Caps | 16,000 | 14,560 | 14,000 | | Drawers, woollen or cotton | 32,000 | 37,264 | 37,000 | | Shirts | 32,000 | 10,800 | 10,800 | | Tins, mess | 16,000 | 11,520 | 11,000 | | Flannelette, yards | 8,500 | 111,672 | | | Bags, nose | 4,000 | 29,244 | 29,000 | | Ropeshead | 4,000 | 3,200 | 3,000 | | Chains, collar | 2,000 | 5,892 | | | Ropes, heel | 4,000 | 1,992 | 1,500 | | Ropes, picketing | 70 | 1,800 | | | Dubbin, lbs. | 500 | 9,600 | | | Soap, soft, lbs. | 500 | 21,120 | | | Soap, yellow, bars | 4,004 | 40,320 | | | Grease, lubricating, lbs. | 500 | 10,188 | | | Buckets, water | 5,000 | 7,332 | | | Oil, lubricating, | | | | | G. S., galls. | 100 | 3,216 | | | Brushes, dandy | 2,000 | 9,096 | | | Brushes, horse | 3,000 | 4,812 | | | Blankets, saddle | 3,750 | 1,800 | 1,800 | | Blankets, G. S. | 32,000 | 48,000 | 48,000 | | Soda, crystals, lbs. | 336 | 34,560 | | | Pullthroughs | 16,000 | 19,200 | | | Machine-guns | 454 | 700 | 750 | | Rifles | 16,000 | 35,000 | 50,000 | | Vehicles (various) | 963 | 400 | 400 | | Bicycles | 441 | 300 | 300 | +----------------------------+-------------+----------+----------+ * Weight in tons.

APPENDIX VIII

DIVISIONAL INSTITUTES AND CANTEENS

Canteens were instituted in the Ninth Division during September 1915 because of the exorbitant prices charged to soldiers by the private owners of cafés and estaminets. The difficult work of organisation was carried out by Captain, now Major J. R. King, D.S.O., and he was ably assisted by Padre J. Johnston, Presbyterian Chaplain. Two caravans, kindly sent out by some friends at home, and named “Rob Roy” and “Wee Macgregor,” were well known to all who served with the Ninth; they traversed the front line many times from the sea to the Somme, and “Jock” was always delighted to see them, for they meant hot coffee and a packet of biscuits or cigarettes. When at the beginning of 1918 Major King was transferred to the 46th Reserve Park, the control of the Canteen arrangements devolved principally upon Captain Carmichael. The duties of the O.C. Canteens were by no means light, as the annual overturn amounted to more than a million francs.

Another venture taken up by the Canteen department was the establishment of a Soda-Water Factory. This factory not only swelled the divisional funds but was an inestimable boon to the men, who were provided with an excellent beverage at very small cost.

Some of the profits were devoted to the purchase of a divisional cinema at the beginning of 1916, and all kinds of places behind the lines—a pantechnicon waggon, barns, wall of houses in the open air, sheets under trees by the roadside—were used for performances; it is needless to mention that the film most in request from one end of the line to the other was “Charlie Chaplin.”

During the German offensive in 1918 some of the divisional treasures were lost. The cinema and “Wee Macgregor” had to be abandoned. The soda-water plant was saved by Major King who, moving back with his transport, remembered his old division in its trouble, seized the plant at Péronne, and in spite of all obstacles got it safely away.

The Canteens carried on to the end, and after the Armistice were the only places where the troops could procure supplies.

With the development of the Canteens there arose demands for all sorts of specialists, such as cinema operators, grocers, law assistants, etc., and “Q” often asked brigades to furnish them. On one occasion a brigade which as a rule took no notice of these requests, sent in the following reply: “We regret we have no grocer specialist, soda-water specialist, or law specialist in our ranks, but we have a contortionist, if his services could be made use of.” But “Q” scored (whether consciously or not is a matter of doubt) by wiring, “Please tell contortionist to report at H.Q. at once for duty with the Concert Party.” This unexpected demand nonplussed the brigade, which after deliberation concocted the following reply: “Regret contortionist became a casualty last evening and is being evacuated.”

INDEX

Abeele, 293

Abeelhoek, 365

Abercromby, Lieut.-Colonel Sir George, commanding 8th Black Watch, 63, 162 _note_, 404

Achiet le Grand, 223

Achiet le Petit, 226

Adamson, Captain J. E., commanding “C” Coy. 8th Gordons, 46

Adler Farm captured, 240

“Aerial darts,” trench mortars, 177

Aeroplanes, British, use of, 94; German, 188, 208, 213; bomb British troops, 268, 288

Air fights, 79

Aisne, the, 223, 354

Aizecourt le Haut, 280

Albert, 173, 286, 334

Albert, King of the Belgians, reviews the Ninth Division, 383

Allenby, General Sir E., commanding Third Army, 169; presents decorations, 213; Campaign in Egypt, 248, 335

Allied Forces, plan of attack, 20, 181-183

Allwright, C.S.M., heroism, 127

Alwyn Farm, 325, 326

American Army, attack in the Woeuvre, 335, 354

Amiens, 334; failure of the Germans to capture, 292

Ancre, the, 181, 287, 289; Valley, 153

Anderson, Major P. C., commanding 7th Seaforths, 256 _note_

Andrews, Captain, 377

Angus, Lieut.-Colonel A. W., commanding 5th Camerons, 338, 404

Annequin Fosse, 27

Anzac Redoubt, 227; Ridge, 336; captured, 340

Argonne, attack on, 335, 354

Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders, the 10th, 6, 395, 405; at the Battle of Loos, 44; at Fosse Alley, 45; retire to Dump Trench, 54; casualties, 67, 208; failure of a raiding scheme, 78; at the Battle of Longueval, 109; attack on the Butte de Warlencourt, 156; at the Battle of Arras, 191, 197, 206; raids, 222; at the Battle of Passchendaele, 239-242; in the Thirty-second Division, 251

Armagh Wood, 68

Armentières, 13; evacuated, 299

Armin, General Sixt von, 130, 225

Armistice, 334, 383, 384

Armitage, Brig.-General E. H., C.R.A., 7, 80, 403; letter from Maj.-General Bulfin, 56

Army, British, the First Hundred Thousand, 5; use of gas, 21, 28; strength, 91 _note_; tactical expedients, 104; moral, 183, 317; relations with the French Army, 183; “Backs to the Wall” Order, 313; attack on Cambrai, 335

Army, the First, 144, 334; at the Battle of Arras, 206

Army, the Second, 224, 293, 301; Parade Service, 329

Army, the Third, 169, 181, 253, 264, 271, 275, 284, 334; surrenders the Somme, 282

Army, the Fourth, 84 _note_, 150, 334

Army, the Fifth, 181, 225, 253, 271, 275, 284; at the Battle of Arras, 206

Army, British, I. Corps, 20

II. Corps, 336, 370

III. Corps, 150, 249

IV. Corps, 20, 144; at Bapaume, 220

V. Corps, 223, 253, 259, 264, 271, 284; retreat, 272

VII. Corps, 250, 253, 284; transferred to the Third Army, 285

VIII. Corps, 249

IX. Corps, 297, 301

X. Corps, 249

XIII. Corps, 84, 86; attack on Longueval, 102

XV. Corps, 249, 336

XVII. Corps, 181; plan of attack at Arras, 184

XVIII. Corps, 238; Cyclist Battalion, 245

XIX. Corps, 284

XXII. Corps, 301, 308

Corps Cavalry, at the Battle of the Somme, 96

Army Service Corps, 9th Divisional Train, 7; 104th Company, 7, 399; 105th, 7, 399; 106th, 7, 399; 107th, 7, 399; work of the, 71, 381, 391; duties, 137, 290

Arneke, 238

Arras, 92, 172, 334; Battles of, 22, 193-199, 203-205, 207-211, 214-218, 393; condition, 173; gas bombardment, 180; bombing of, 213

Artillery Division, 281, 407

Athies, 184, 194

Auchy, 21 _note_, 41, 58

Australian Brigades, the 3rd, 293; the 38th, 282; the 43rd, 282

Australian Division, the 1st, 293; captures Germans, 322; the 2nd, attack on Passchendaele, 228; the 4th, 289

Austria-Hungary, relations with Serbia, 3; collapse, 382

Austria, Archduke Francis Ferdinand assassinated, 3

Austrian Army, attack in the Trentino, 88

Bagdad captured, 224

Bailleul, 12, 320; captured, 306; evacuated, 334

Bailward, Lieut.-Colonel A. C., commanding 50th Bde. R.F.A., 7, 407

Baizieux, 289

Balkan States, 334

Ballingall, Lieut.-Colonel H. M., commanding the 52nd Bde. R.F.A., 407

Bamford, Lieut.-Colonel H. W. M., commanding South African Composite Battalion, 307, 406

Bangalore torpedoes, 78

Bapaume, 89, 220; fall of, 152, 334

Barly, 150

Barnardiston, Lieut.-Colonel E., C.R.E., 403; wounded, 137

Barrage, “box,” 178; “creeping,” 107, 186

Bavarian Regiments, the 6th, 10th, and 16th, 102 _note_; Reserve Divisions, the 1st and 24th, 192 _note_

Bavichove, 370, 375; captured, 366

Bazentin, 283

Bazentin-le-Grand, 97, 102, 103, 285

Beaucamp Ridge, 254

Beaumetz, 264

Beaumont Hamel, 96

Becelaere, advance on, 341; captured, 342

Beck House, 228, 234

Becourt Valley, 287

Beet Factory, 273

Belcher, Lieut.-Colonel H. T., commanding 52nd Bde. R.F.A., 407

Belgian Army, attack on Ghent, 336; captures Moorslede, 345; St Pieter, 351; Bavichove, 366; relieved, 371

Belgians, Queen of the, 383

Belgiek, 371, 374

Belgium, invasion of, 3; rejoicings at peace, 384

Bellamy, 2nd Lieut., of the 11th Royal Scots, captures a patrol, 17

Bellewarde Ridge, 336; captured, 340

Bennet, Captain H. E., 312

Benrath, 390

Berchem, 371

Bergwijk, 379

Bernafay Wood, 97, 281; captured, 98; bombarded, 99; attack on, 285

Bertangles, 289

Berthonval, 145

Bethune, 32, 56

Bethune bombs, 14, 46

Beugin, 145

Beveren, 371, 374

Beviss, Lieut., 261

Big and Little Willie Trenches, attack on, 33

Billon Valley, 96, 100; Wood, 283

Bird, Major T. G., commanding 90th Field Coy. R.E., 408

“Birdcage,” 76; blown up, 70

Black Cot, 304, 305, 307

Blacklock, Maj.-General C. A., commanding Ninth Division, 253, 402; on leave, 258; return to the Front, 283

Black Watch, the 8th, 6, 63, 398; at the Battle of Loos, 39, 41; capture Germans, 42, 310; check the German advance, 53; casualties, 62 _note_; at the Battle of Longueval, 109, 112; attack on Snag Trench, 162; raid, 179; at the Battle of Arras, 191, 194, 206, 208; of Passchendaele, 239-242; retreat, 282; at Grand Bois, 298; attack on Meteren, 325; at Ypres, 337; capture Rolleghem Cappelle, 349; attack on Mogg Farm, 359

Blaringhem, 319

Bluff, The, 64, 69

Boer War, results, 3

Bogaert Farm, 301, 304

Bomb, Bethune, 14; Mills No. 5, 14; depots, 30

Bombs, phosphorous, 229; smoke, 27; use of, 172

Bomy, 84

Bordon, 12

Borry Farm, 228, 234

Boteler, Lieut.-Colonel F. W., commanding 52nd Bde. R.F.A., 7, 407

Bouchavesnes, 273, 274

Bourlon Wood, 221

“Box” barrage, 178

Boyd, Lieut.-Colonel E., commanding 11th Royal Scots, 405

Brahmin Bridge, 326

Brake Camp, 238

Bray, 143, 252

Bremen Redoubt, 235

Briques, Les, 23; shelled, 51

Briqueterie, 99, 101, 286

Britain, agreement with France and Russia, 3; war with Germany, 4; administration arrangements, 85

British Army, 5. _See_ Army

Brock, Captain S. E., 364

Brogden, Major J. S., D.A.D.O.S., Ninth Division, 8

Broodseinde, 336, 337; captured, 341

Brooke, Lieut.-Colonel E. W. S., commanding 50th Bde. R.F.A., 407

Brown, Lieut.-Colonel H. R., commanding 5th Camerons, 144, 404

Brown, Padre, 393

Browne, Major A. R. Innes, commanding 6th K.O.S.B., 217 _note_, 241; killed, 308 _note_

Bruay, 144

Bruce, Brig.-General C. D., commanding 27th Infantry Brigade, 8, 403; decides against attack on Haisnes, 45; H.Q. in the Quarries, 47; taken prisoner, 50

Bruce, Lieut.-Colonel the Hon. David, commanding 7th Seaforths, 299, 404

Bruce, Lieut.-Colonel J., commanding 2nd/1st East Lancs. Field Ambulance, 408

Brussilov, General, successes, 88

Buchan, Captain, killed, 50

Buchanan Street, 112, 132, 134

Budge, Lieut.-Colonel H. L., commanding 12th Royal Scots, 80, 405; killed, 111, 114

Budworth, Lieut.-Colonel C. E. D., commanding 50th Bde. R.F.A., 407

Bulfin, Maj.-General, letter from, 56

Bulgar Wood, 294

Bulgaria, treachery, 86; sues for peace, 335

Burn, Major C. P. M., commanding 7th Seaforths, 63

Burn, Lieut.-Colonel Pelham, commanding 8th Gordons, 80, 404; 10th A. & S.H., 63, 405

Busnes, 15, 18

Buswell, Lieut.-Colonel F. R., commanding 29th Field Ambulance, 7, 408

Butte de Warlencourt, 153; attack on, 154-157; Battle of, 394

Buzzard, Lieut.-Colonel F. A., G.S.O.I., 402

Byng, General Sir Julian, 222, 254, 264

Cabaret Rouge, 146

Camblain L’Abbé, 145

Cambrai, 89, 182; Battle of, 222; military operations at, 246, 247

Cameron of Lochiel, Lieut.-Colonel D. W., commanding 5th Camerons, 6, 63, 404; health breaks down, 80

Cameron, Lieut., captures Germans, 270

Cameron, Major, killed, 338

Cameron Highlanders, the 5th, 6, 398, 404; at the Battle of Loos, 39-41; casualties, 41, 62 _note_, 68; check the German’s advance, 53; attack on Waterlot Farm, 118; on Snag Trench, 158; at the Battle of Arras, 191, 197, 206, 208; of Passchendaele, 239; retreat, 281; in reserve at Vierstraat, 298; repulse the Germans at Dammstrasse, 304; attack on Meteren, 325; advance on Frezenberg Ridge, 340; on Keiberg Spur, 344; cross the Lys, 373

Campbell, Major A. C., commanding 11th Royal Scots, 256 _note_; death, 288

Campbell, Lieut. C., 328

Campbell, Lieut.-Colonel Sir J. B. S., commanding 11th Royal Scots, 231 _note_, 405; attack on Roeux, 204 _note_; on leave, 256 _note_

Campbell, Lieut.-Colonel R., commanding 2nd Royal Scots Fusiliers, 378 _note_, 406; attack on Ingoyghem Ridge, 379

Canadian Division, the Third, at Arras, 181

Candle Factory, 191

Candles, smoke, 29

Canteens, institution of, 416

Cape, Lieut.-Colonel, G. A. S., commanding 51st Bde. R.F.A., 407

Cappelle St Catherine, 365

Caporetto, defeat of the Italians at, 247

Carency, 22, 145

Carmichael, Captain, in control of the Canteens, 416

Carnoy, 135

Carpenter, Lieut.-Colonel C. M., C.R.E., 64, 403

Carter, Lieut.-Colonel A. H., commanding 51st Bde. R.F.A., 7, 407

Carvin, 21

Caterpillar Valley, 109

Cavalry Trench, 262

Celestins Wood, 96

Cemetery Alley, 43; shelled, 51, 53

Chalmers, Lieut.-Colonel F. G., commanding 9th Machine-gun Battn., 252, 407

Chamberlain, Lieut.-Colonel, commanding 6th K.O.S.B., 308 _note_

Chapel Crossing, 249

Chapel Hill, 253, 254; captured, 263, 266

Château Thierry, 319, 333

Chemin des Dames, 319, 321

Chérisy, 212, 288

Chimney Trench, 98

“Chinese Attack,” 154; barrages, 193

Chipilly, 288

Christian, Lieut.-Colonel E., commanding 2nd South African Infantry, 144, 256 _note_, 406; the 4th, 172, 406

Churchill, Lieut.-Colonel the Right Hon. W., commanding the 6th Royal Scots Fusiliers, 63, 75, 405

Cité St Elie, 24, 32

Clarges Street, 103, 113, 117

Clavering, Major N., commanding 64th Field Coy. R.E., 408

Cléry captured, 276

Cochran, Major, in temporary command of the 2nd South African Regiment, 228 _note_

Cockburn, Captain, rearguard action, 272

Cocks, Captain Somers, killed, 306

Cologne, 386

Combles, 89, 152, 277; captured, 282

Comines Canal, 64, 296

Compiègne, 334

Congreve, General Sir W. H., commanding XIII. Corps, 85; tribute to the Ninth Division, 111; in command of VII. Corps, 250

Connell, Lieut.-Colonel J. C. W., commanding 6th K.O.S.B., 64, 99, 165, 405; invalided to England, 171

Copse Valley, 96

Corbie, 93

Corons de Marons, 23

Corons de Pekin, 23

Costello, Lieut.-Colonel J. M. A., commanding 27th Field Ambulance, 408

Courtrai, 355

Cowan, Lieut.-Colonel J. de B., commanding 50th Bde. R.F.A., 407

Crawley, Lieut.-Colonel R. P., commanding 9th Divisional Train, 7, 404

Cree, Colonel G., A.D.M.S., 7, 404

“Creeping” barrage, 107, 186

Crichton, Lieut.-Colonel A. G. M. M., commanding 5th Camerons, 239, 404; leaves, 256 _note_

Croft, Brig.-General W. D., commanding 11th Royal Scots, 63, 405; at the Battle of Longueval, 113; Director of the Divisional School at Givenchy, 174; _Three Years with the Ninth Division_, 174 _note_; attack on the Germans, 190; in command of the 27th Infantry Brigade, 231 _note_, 238, 403; at Sorel, 261; reconnoitres the Corps line, 303; advance on Becelaere, 341; plans for crossing the Lys, 366; tribute to, 381

Croisilles, 258

Crowden, Lieut. H. commanding “D” Coy. 12th Royal Scots, 99

Cuerne, 348, 365, 366, 380; gas-shelled, 366

Cundle, Captain, 310

Cupid Trench, 214, 216

Curly Trench, 216

Cuthbert Trench, 209

“Cuthbert,” the prince of snipers, 148

Cyclist Battalion, at the Battle of the Somme, 96

Dadizeele, 344; captured, 345

Dadizeelehoek, 350

Dammstrasse, 298, 302, 309; attack on, 304, 311

Dardanelles expedition, failure, 86

Darling, Captain, commanding 28th Field Ambulance, 408

Daun, Marshal, tactics, 91

Davis, Lieut.-Colonel H. J. W., commanding 9th Machine-gun Battn., 407

Dawson, Brig.-General F. S., 117, 131, 134, 262; commanding 1st South African Regiment, 82, 406; attack on the “Nose,” 160; commanding S.A. Brigade, 171, 403; at Sorel, 266; retires to Moislains, 268; ordered to retreat to Bouchavesnes, 274; taken prisoner, 280

Deerlyck captured, 374

Delbske Farm, 298

Delville Wood, 97, 102; attack on, 120, 126, 132, 138; captured, 121, 125, 140 _note_; bombarded, 125, 127, 130

Demobilisation, system of, 389

Denys Wood, 298

Dernancourt, 286

Desinet Farm, 304

Dessart Wood, 256; shelled, 260, 265

Detail, General, commanding Eighth Belgian Division, 348

Deule Canal, 22

“Devil’s Wood,” 134

Diaz, General, 382

Dickebusch, rest hut, 65, 66

Divisional Artillery, 80, 147; Tactical School at Givenchy, 174

Doignies, loss of, 264

Dome House, 302, 307

Douai, 89, 173, 354; plains, 182

Doucet, Captain C., commanding 63rd Field Coy. R.E., 7, 408

Doullens, Conference at, 293

Douvrin, 24

Drew, Major, 109; adjutant, 5th Camerons, 66

Drocourt, attack on, 334

Duff, Lieut.-Colonel G. B., commanding 8th Black Watch, 63, 404; 5th Camerons, 80, 404; at the attack on Delville Wood, 132; wounded, 133

Dugmore, Major, commanding 9th Divisional Supply Column, M.T., 7

Duisans, 174

Duke, Captain, R.N., 303

Duke Street, 103, 114, 117, 123

Dump Trench, 33, 54; attack on, 23; captured, 48; reoccupied, 51

Dundas, Lieut.-Colonel R.C., commanding 11th Royal Scots, 8, 405

Dunkirk bombed by the Germans, 249

Durham Light Infantry, the 19th, at the attack on Longueval, 135

Dutton, Major J. H., commanding 6th Royal Scots Fusiliers, 63

Dyson, Lieut.-Colonel H. H. B., commanding 11th Royal Scots, 6, 405

East Yorks Regiment, the 1st, 310

Eastern Question, 2

Eaucourt L’Abbaye, 150, 153; trenches at, 164

Ecluses, Les, 79

Egypt, military operations in, 248

Eighteenth Division, 86; at Bernafay Wood, 106; capture Trones Wood, 119; at the Battle of Passchendaele, 242

Eikhof Farm, 302, 306, 307

Elcock, Corporal Roland Edward, awarded the V.C., 364, 412

Elsner, Lieut.-Colonel O. W. A., commanding 27th Field Ambulance, 7, 408; appointed A.D.M.S., 206, 404; retreat, 289

Epernay, 333

Epine de Malassise, 274

Epinette Wood, 255, 272

Equancourt, 255, 271, 273

Espercy, General Franchet d’, 334

Esquelbec, 336

Essex Regiment, the 2nd, at the Battle of Arras, 208

Estaires occupied, 299

Etinehem, 93, 284

Etricourt, 269

Etrun, 205 _note_

European War, outbreak, 1

Falkenhayn, General Von, 152

Fampoux, 184, 202

Fanshawe, Lieut.-General Sir E. A., commanding V. Corps, 223 _note_

Fargus, Lieut.-Colonel H. N. S., commanding 12th Royal Scots, 144, 405; return to England, 172

Faulds, Private William Frederick, awarded the V.C., 127, 410

Favière Wood, 284, 286

Ferguson, Captain K. P., Brigade-Major, R.F.A., 7

Fergusson, Major-General Sir Charles, commanding Ninth Division, 8, 402; II. Corps, 8; XVII. Corps, 181; takes the salute, 386

Fergusson, Lieut.-Colonel H. C., commanding 11th H.L.I., 6, 63, 406

Festubert, engagement at, 15

Fetherstonhaugh, Lieut.-Colonel T., commanding 9th Seaforths, 7, 407

Feuchy, 184

_Field Service Regulations_, 9, 176

Fielding, Major R. E. Bruce, commanding 63rd Field Coy. R.E., 408

Fifteen Ravine, 254, 256

Fifteenth (Scottish) Division, 82, 154; capture the Railway Triangle, 197, 199

Fifth Division, 135

Fiftieth Division, attack on the Butte, 167 _note_

Fifty-first Division at Arras, 181; relieved, 213

Fifty-fifth Division, attack on Hill 37, 235

Fins, 255, 267, 269

“Fish-tails,” trench mortars, 177

Flammenwerfer, use of, 162

Flanders, condition, 65; result of the military operations, 370

Flander I. Stellung, 344, 345

Fleming, Lieut., 113

Flers, 102, 153, 281

Flesquières, 223, 259

Flêtre-Roukloshille Ridge, 320

Flying Corps, 95

“Flying Pig” mortar, 81

Foch, Marshal, appointed Generalissimo, 293; tribute to the Ninth Division, 314 _note_; tactics, 333; arranges four attacks, 335

Fontaine Hoek, 320

Football Matches, 75

Forbes, Lieut.-Colonel R. F., commanding 11th H.L.I., 64, 406

Forsyth, Major M. N., 178

Forty-first Division, 83, 377, 378; relieved, 249

Forty-seventh Division, 153, 262, 264, 271, 282

Forty-eighth Division, 238

Forty-ninth Division, 312

Fosse 8, 32; captured, 41; Alley, 46, 47, 49; Trench, 33; attack on, 23

Fountain Alley, 44

Four Huns Farm, 300

Fourteenth Division, 251

Fourth Division, attack on Greenland Hill, 201; at the Battle of Arras, 206

France, agreement with Britain and Russia, 3

Francis Joseph, Emperor of Austria, 3

Francis, Captain W. E., commanding 64th Field Coy. R.E., 7, 408

Fraser, Captain, killed, 338

French, Field-Marshal Sir J. D. P., inspects the 27th and 28th Brigades, 15

French, Lieut.-Colonel W., commanding 8th Black Watch, 337, 351, 404; defensive flank, 351

French Army, advance on Valenciennes, 20; relations with the British Army, 183; attack on Spanbroekmolen, 305; relieve the Nineteenth Division, 306; recapture Soissons, 334; attack on Argonne, 335, 354

French Cavalry Brigade, the 3rd, 350

French Corps, XXXVI., 249

Fresnoy, 212

Frevillers, 148

Freyburg, Brig.-General, 370

Frezenberg Ridge, 227, 336, 339 _note_; captured, 340

Fricourt, 285; Wood, 151

Fruges, 249

Fulton, Lieut.-Colonel H. A., commanding 9th Scottish Rifles, 113, 405; at the Battle of Arras, 210

Furse, General Sir W. T., commanding Ninth Division, 62, 402; “Retaliation Tariff,” 70; efforts to develop the offensive spirit, 77; tribute to the Division, 111 _note_; at Montauban, 131; plans for a counter-attack, 134; appointed Master-General of the Ordnance, 170; K.C.B. conferred, 170 _note_; characteristics, 171

Gaisford, Lieut.-Colonel W. T., commanding 7th Seaforths, 6, 404; killed, 42

Gas, use of, 21, 28; discharged, 28; result, 38, 59; attacks of the Germans, 73, 180, 258, 260, 366, 376, 377

Gauche Wood, 249, 254; attack on, 261

Gaverbeek, 375

Gavrelle, 210

Gaza, 224, 248; Cross Roads, 326

Gemeenhof, 364

Genin Well Copse, 263

George V., King, exhortation to the Ninth Division, 11, 395; at Frevillers, 148; La Brearde, 329

German Army, at Festubert, 15; “Minnies,” or Trench Mortars, 16; gas attacks, 28 _note_, 73, 180, 258, 260, 366, 376, 377; at the Battle of Loos, 33-56; reinforcements, 46 _note_; counter-attacks, 48, 60, 129, 139, 351; capture the Quarries, 50; losses, 57; sniping, 78; at the Battle of the Somme, 92; occupy Montauban Alley, 97; taken prisoners, 113, 318, 380, 383; position at Delville Wood, 121; bombardment of it, 130; casualties, 142, 281, 287; defeated at Snag Trench, 159; assault on the “Nose,” 162; use of flammenwerfer, 162; defeated at Arras, 189, 197, 207, 217; moral, 200; the 16th Division, 240 _note_; attack at Gouzeaucourt, 250; training, 251; 18th Division, relieved, 257 _note_; 107th Division, at Villers, 257 _note_; preparations for an attack on Gonnelieu, 257-259; attack on Gauche Wood, 261; capture Chapel Hill, 266; advance on Heudecourt, 268; attack on the South Africans, 277-280; on Bernafay Wood, 285; Trones Wood, 285; capture Lamotte, 288; at the Battle of Wytschaete, 297, 308-313; beaten back, 300; flight, 313; defeated at Meteren, 324-327; raids, 328; defeated at Hoegenacker Ridge, 331; retreat, 331, 334, 383; characteristics, 338; the “War-prolongers,” 349 _note_; reverses, 353; withdraw to the Selle, 354; loss of moral, 359; retreat from Laaga Cappelle Wood, 360; evacuate Cuerne, 365

German Fleet, creation, 3; blockade, 335

Germany, hostile policy, 3; invasion of Belgium, 3; military operations in Roumania, 152; submarine warfare, 247

Gheluvelt captured, 341

Gheluwe, attack on, 343

Ghent, 370

Gibson, 2nd Lieut., 162

Ginchy, 102, 285

Gird Trench, 159

Givenchy captured, 21 _note_; Divisional Tactical School at, 174

Glasfurd, Captain A. I. R., Brig.-Major, of the 27th Infantry Brigade, 6

Glasgow Spur, 336

Glass, Captain J. S., commanding Royal Scots Fusiliers, 375 _note_

Gonnelieu, 247, 253, 256

Gordon, Lieut.-Colonel G. W. E., commanding 8th Black Watch, 63, 404; personality, 132; attack on Delville Wood, 132; promotion, 162 _note_

Gordon Highlanders, the 8th, 6, 63, 398; at the Battle of Loos, 39, 41, 46; advance on Haisnes, 42; retire to Fosse Alley, 46; casualties, 62 _note_; join the Fifteenth Division, 82

Gorle, Lieut. Robert Vaughan, heroism, 352; awarded the V.C., 352, 411

Gough, General, Commander of I. Corps, tribute to the Ninth Division, 61, 245 _note_; forces, 253; criticisms on, 292

Gouzeaucourt, 247, 250, 254; shelled, 269

Grahame, Lieut.-Colonel J. C., commanding 10th H.L.I., 6, 64, 406; gassed at the Battle of Loos, 37

Grand Bois, 298, 310

Grant, Captain, 328

Green, Captain, commanding 2nd South African Regiment at Gauche Wood, 261

Greenhill-Gardyne, Lieut.-Colonel A. D., commanding 8th Gordons, 63, 404

Greenland Hill, 207; attack on, 201

Grenadier Regiment, the 89th, 222

Grogan, Brig.-General E. St G., commanding 26th (Highland) Brigade, 8, 403; return to England, 15

Grovetown, 93, 95

Guedezeune Farm, 298

Guillemont, 102, 103, 277

Guyencourt, 267

H.E. shell, use of, 106, 229, 237; barrage, 139, 154

Haan, 386

Hadow, Lieut.-Colonel R. W., commanding 8th Black Watch, 239 _note_, 404; force, 282

Haig, Sir Douglas, inspects the South African Brigade, 83; Commander-in-Chief, 88; result of his policy of attrition, 89-92; message from, 179 _note_; plan of a great offensive, 181; plan of attack, 223; tributes to the Ninth Division, 291, 314 _note_, 316; “Backs to the Wall” Order, 313

Haisnes, 20, 21 _note_, 24; attack on, 42, 44

Hamilton, Major S. W. S., commanding 90th Field Coy. R.E., 408; at the Battle of Arras, 210

Hampshire Regiment, the 2nd, 368

Hanebeek, the, 227, 336, 340; Wood, 227, 234

Happy Valley, 135

Hardecourt, 283, 285

Hardy, Lieut.-Colonel W. E., commanding 28th Field Ambulance, 7, 408

Harlebeke, 348, 380, 383; attack, 367

“Harp, The,” 180

Harty, Lieut.-Colonel T. E., commanding 28th Field Ambulance, 408

Havrincourt, 221, 264; Wood, 220

Hawthorn, Sergeant C., 210

Hay, Captain C. J. B., Brig.-Major, 28th Brigade, 6; at the Battle of Arras, 194

Hay, Ian, 333; _The First Hundred Thousand_, 8 _note_, 16 _note_

Hazebrouck, 320

Heal, Lieut.-Colonel F. H., commanding 1st South African Regiment, 172, 406

Heal, Major, in temporary command of the 2nd South African Regiment, 144

Hearn, Lieut.-Colonel G. R., commanding 64th Field Coy. R.E., 8, 137, 243, 403

Heetje, 365, 373

Hell Farm, 301

“Hell-fire” Corner, 336

Helmet, the steel, 79

Hennois Wood, 273

Henry, Captain, 77

Hermaville, 205

Hermies, 264

Heudecourt, 255, 256, 268; shelled, 260

Heule Wood, 364; captured, 366

Hewitt, Lance-Corporal W. H., awarded the V.C., 236, 411

Hickling, Lieut.-Colonel H. C. B., commanding Royal Engineers, 371, 403

High Wood, 102, 115, 163

Highland Brigade, the 26th, 6, 63, 398; at Bailleul, 12; Nieppe, 13; Festubert, 15; inspection of, 18; objectives of attack, 23; attack on the Hohenzollern Redoubt, 26; on Big and Little Willie Trenches, 33; at the Battle of Loos, 37, 43, 47; capture the Dump, 48; relieved, 49; reorganised, 49; attack on Fosse 8, 55; at Bethune, 56; at the Battle of the Somme, 96; attack on Longueval, 103; at Caterpillar Valley, 109; attack on Waterlot Farm, 120, 124; capture it, 129; attack on Delville Wood, 132-134, 139; at Vimy Ridge, 145; in the trenches at Arras, 174; Battle of Arras, 195, 206-210; capture Mount Pleasant, 202; raids, 221; Battle of Passchendaele, 239, 244; at Nieuport, 249; Gonnelieu, 256; retreat, 267, 269, 273, 281; attack on, 274; at Saillisel, 276; Montauban, 284; march to Dernancourt, 286; strength, 288; defence of Dammstrasse, 311; form a defensive flank, 315; attack on Meteren, 324; at Ypres, 336; attack on Broodseinde, 337, 339-341; assist the Belgians to capture Moorslede, 345; withdraw to Menin, 351; attack on Ooteghem, 378; Colours presented to, 390

Highland Light Infantry, the 10th, 6, 64, 398; at the Battle of Loos, 35, 36; casualties, 37, 62 _note_; join the Fifteenth Division, 82

the 11th, 6, 64, 398; at the Battle of Loos, 38; casualties, 62 _note_; join the Fifteenth Division, 82

the 12th, at Hardecourt, 283, 285

the 18th, at Favière Wood, 284

Highland Division. _See_ Fifty-first Division

Hill 40, attack on, 363; 41, attack on, 347, 350, 352; 50, attack on, 376; captured, 377; 60, 64; battles at, 20

Hindenburg Line, 182

Hine, Lieut.-Colonel H. C. R., commanding 28th Field Ambulance, 408

Hinges, 18

Hoegenacker Ridge, 329; attack on, 330; captured, 331

Hoggart, Major, 362

Hohenzollern Redoubt, attack on, 21 _note_, 23, 26, 33, 40; captured, 41

Hollebeke, 293, 295, 296

Hollond, Lieut.-Colonel S. E., G.S.O.I., of the Ninth Division, 31, 402

Hoogebrug, 370, 371; Bridge, 367

Hooggraaf, 64

Hopoutre, 293, 308

Horn, Lieut.-Colonel R., commanding 7th Seaforths, 144, 404; the Army Musketry Camp, 256 _note_; killed, 305

Horses, artillery, number killed, 356

Hosley, Major, at Loos, 35; wounded, 35

Hulluch, 21

Hulste captured, 366

Hunt, Lieut.-Colonel D. R., 283; commanding 4th South African Regiment, 144, 406

Hutcheson, Captain C. de M., A.S.C., 7

Indirect Fire, practice of, 79

Infantry, relations with the Sappers, 69

Infantry Brigade, the 27th. _See_ Lowland Brigade

Infantry Brigade, the 28th, 6, 64, 398; at Outtersteene, 12; objectives of attack, 23; attack on Madagascar Trench, 26; at the Battle of Loos, 37; casualties, 38; moral, 56; at Bethune, 56; broken up, 82; attack on Broodseinde, 337, 339-341; advance on Keiberg Spur, 344; cross the Lys, 373; attack on Ooteghem, 378; Colours presented to, 390

Ingelmunster, 364, 365

Inglis, Lieut.-Colonel J., commanding 5th Camerons, 256 _note_, 404; wounded, 338

Ingoyghem, 371; attack on, 376

Inniskilling Fusiliers, the 1st, attack on Hill 41, 352

Ireland, conscription in, 318

Italian Army, defeated at Caporetto, 247; cross the Piave, 382

Italy, entry into the War, 87; military operations, 224

Jack, Brig.-General J. L., commanding 28th Brigade, 333, 344, 403; attack on Ingoyghem Ridge, 379; tribute to, 381

Jacobs, General C. W., tribute to the Ninth Division, 353 _note_; presents Colours, 390

Jacobs, Captain, 2nd South African Regiment, 294 _note_

Jameson Raid, 3

Jeffcoat, Lieut.-Colonel A. C., A.A. & Q.M.G., 343, 380, 391, 402

Jeffries, Sergeant, captures Germans, 300, 305

Jerusalem, 248

Johnson, 2nd Lieut, 166

Johnston, Padre J., 393, 416

Jones, Lieut.-Colonel F. A., commanding 4th South African Regiment, 83, 406; killed, 101

Joostens, General, commanding 3rd Belgian Division, 362

Judge Cross Roads, 342

Jutland, Battle of, 247

Keen, Lieut., 322

Keiberg Spur, advance on, 343; captured, 344

Keith, Captain, killed, 35

Kelham, Brig.-General H. R., commanding 26th Brigade, 6, 403

Kelso, Lieut.-Colonel J. Utterson, commanding 2nd Royal Scots Fusiliers, 406; blown up, 346; wounded, 355

Kemmel, Mount, 304, 308; evacuated, 334

Kennedy, Brig.-General J., commanding 7th Seaforths, 63, 118, 404; at the attack on Delville Wood, 132; commanding 10th A. & S.H., 144, 405; the 26th (Highland) Brigade, 170, 403; policy, 197; notes on the Battle of Arras, 212; retreat, 273, 275; horse shot under, 281; return to England, 327

Ker, Lieut.-Colonel R. F., commanding 6th K.O.S.B., 367, 377, 405

King, Major A., commanding Royal Scots Fusiliers, 355; wounded, 375 _note_

King, Captain J. R., 105th Coy. A.S.C., 7; organisation of Canteens, 416

King’s Own Scottish Borderers, the 6th, 6, 64, 398; at the Battle of Loos, 35; casualties, 36, 62 _note_, 99, 101; at the Battle of the Somme, 97; capture Bernafay Wood, 98; at the Battle of Longueval, 105; march in the mud, 164; raid, 180; at the Battle of Arras, 191, 195, 209; attack on Passchendaele, 228, 232, 241; at Sorel, 256; capture Germans, 310; surrounded and captured, 310; march past the King, 329; attack on Hoegenacker Ridge, 330; on Ledeghem, 349; cross the Lys, 367; attack on Hill 50, 376

Kitchener, Lord, personality, 4; appeal for troops, 5; inspects the 26th (Highland) Brigade, 18

Klein Ronsse Hill, 378

Klein Zillebeke, 296, 303

Kleinberg, attack on, 379

Klephoek, 348; Cross Roads, 347

Klijtberg, 377

Klooster Hoek, 379

Knapp, Lieut.-Colonel K. K., commanding 53rd Bde. R.F.A., 8, 407

Knock, 374

Krote, 376

Kruisstraat Cabaret, 301

Kut, surrender of a British force at, 87

Laaga Cappelle Wood, 360, 362, 370

La Bassée, 32

La Brearde, 329

La Clytte, 297, 310

La Gache Farm, 305, 307, 309

La Motte, 280 _note_; captured, 288

Landon, Maj.-General H. J. S., commanding Ninth Division, 8, 402; conference, 23; return to England, 31

Langestraat, 379

La Polka, 304

Lavièville, 151

“Leap Frog” system, 228

Le Cateau, 280 _note_

Le Chat, 365

Ledeghem, attack on, 348; captured, 349

Legard, General, 283

Lekkerboterbeek stream, 239, 241

L’Enfer, 298, 300

Lens, 22, 89, 173, 182; evacuated, 334

Le Sars, 154

Les Bœufs, 281; captured, 282

Le Transloy, 276

Leuze Wood, 281

Lewis, Major R. P., commanding 29th Field Ambulance, 408

Lewis Guns, 72, 93, 113, 188, 252, 313; carriage of, 150

Lieramont, 267

Lille, 354; withdrawal of the Germans, 370

Livingstone, Lieut.-Colonel H. A. A., C.R.E., 7, 403; wounded, 64

Loch, Lieut.-Colonel G. G., commanding 12th Royal Scots, 6, 63, 405; commands 27th Brigade, 50; Commandant of the School at Poperinghe, 66; promotion, 80

Locon, 18

London Division, casualties, 161

Lone Farm, 43; shelled, 53

Longueval, 97, 100, 102; attack on, 125, 128, 130, 138, 140 _note_

Loos, Battle of, plan of attack, 20; preparations, 20-31; preliminary bombardment, 33; Battle, 33-56, 393; results, 59

Lowland Brigade, the 27th, 6, 63, 238, 398; at Noote Boom, 12; Festubert, 15; in reserve, 24; at the Battle of Loos, 43; hold Fosse Alley, 48; withdrawal, 50; reoccupy Dump Trench, 51; repulse attack on Fosse Alley, 54; at Bethune, 56; reputation, 57; at the Battle of the Somme, 96; at Montauban, 97; Billon Valley, 100; attack on Longueval, 103, 110, 120; casualties, 138; at Bruay, 144; Vimy Ridge, 145; march to Mametz, 151; at High Wood, 163; in the trenches at Arras, 174; at the Battle of Arras, 195, 196, 208-210; of Roeux, 202, 205; attack on Passchendaele, 228, 275, 277; at the Battle of Passchendaele, 239; retreat, 277, 303; relieved, 284; strength, 288; casualties, 288; relieves the 26th at Hollebeke, 295; at the Battle of Wytschaete, 298; beat back the Germans, 300; advance on Becelaere, 341; attack on Ledeghem, 349; at Keiberg Spur, 358; Colours presented to, 390

Ludendorff, General, 201, 251, 309; _Meine Kriegserinnerungen_, 258; plans to secure the Channel Ports, 306; operations against Rheims, 333; resignation, 383

Lukin, General Sir H. T., commanding South African Brigade, 82, 403; plan of attack, 154; commanding Ninth Division, 171, 402; appointed to a command in England, 252; awarded the K.C.B., 252 _note_

Lumbres, 319

Lumm Farm, 300

Lumsden, Lieut.-Colonel W., commanding 9th Scottish Rifles, 228 _note_, 244, 337, 405, 406

Lys, the, 299, 355, 363, 365; crossing, 367-371

MacDougal, Major H., 104th Coy., Army Service Corps, 7

MacEwen, Lieut.-Colonel St C. M. G., commanding 5th Camerons, 404

Machine-Gun Battalion, the 9th, 252, 315, 337, 368; at Ridge Wood, 297; attack on Ooteghem, 378

the 104th reorganised, 355; attack on Ooteghem, 378

Machine-Gun Companies, the 26th and 27th, at the Battle of Passchendaele, 242; the 28th, at the Battle of the Somme, 96; the 197th, 188

Machine-Guns, bombardment, 27; value of, 72

Machine-Gunners, gallantry, 311

Macintosh, Padre Smith, 393

Mackensen, General von, 86, 152

Mackenzie, Lieut.-Colonel A. F., commanding 10th A. & S.H., 6, 405; wounded, 55

Mackenzie, Maj.-General C. J., commanding Ninth Division, 6, 402; in France, 8

Maclean, Lieut.-Colonel H. D. N., commanding 6th K.O.S.B., 6, 35, 228 _note_, 405; leaves, 256 _note_

MacLear, Lieut.-Colonel R., commanding 9th Divisional Train, 404

MacLeod, Lieut.-Colonel D. M., commanding 4th South African Regiment, 101, 406; wounded, 144

MacNamara, Major, 130

MacPherson, Major J. E., 12th Royal Scots, 111, 204 _note_; wounded, 214 _note_

Madagascar Trench, attack on, 26, 34; shelled, 51, 53

Mad Point shelled, 53

Maedelstede, 305; Farm, 302

Magdeburg Corps, the 7th and 8th Divisions, bombardment of Delville Wood, 130

Maison Blanche Wood, 196, 198

Maltz Horn Ridge, 100

Mametz Wood, 151, 153, 286

Manancourt, 271, 273

Mangin, General, defeats the Germans, 334

Manhattan Farm, 351

Mariecourt, 277

Marne, the, 319; victory of, 86

Marrières Wood, 276, 277

Marshall, Lieut.-Colonel F. J. commanding 7th Seaforths, 63, 404

Marshall, General, Campaign in Mesopotamia, 248, 335

Martinpuich, 282

Matthews, Lieut., 190; missing, 191

Matthias, Lieut.-Colonel T. G., commanding Newfoundland Regiment, 333, 406

Maubeuge, 20

Maude, General, 224

Maurepas, 277

Maxse, General Sir Ivor, commanding XVIII. Corps, 238

Maxwell, Brig.-General F. A., V.C., commanding 27th Brigade, 170, 203, 403; killed, 236; characteristics, 236

McDiarmid, Major, 369

M’Fadyen, Private, gallantry, 55

McHardy, Lieut.-Colonel A. A.; A.A. & Q.M.G., Ninth Division, 31, 391, 402

McHardy, Sergeant J., kilt blows away, 17

McKinley, Captain S., killed, 376

McLean, Lieut.-Colonel C. W. W., commanding 50th Bde. R.F.A., 407; at the Battle of Loos, 43

Meaulte, 135, 286, 289

Medical Aid Posts, 30

Meister, Rev. C. G., killed, 306

Menin, 348

Mericourt L’Abbé, 287

Merris, 74; captured, 328

Mesnil-en-Arrouaise, 275

Mesopotamia, military operations in, 87, 248

Messines Ridge, 299; captured, 224, 301

Meteren, 320; captured, 306; attack on, 323-326

Meulewijk, 379

Meurchin, 21

Meuse, the, 354, 382

Middle Farm, 300

Middlesex Regiment, 218 _note_

Military Service Act, extension, 318

Mill Cot, 336

Mills No. 5 Bomb, 14

Mines, explosion of, 67, 148

Mining, method of, 71

“Minnies,” or German Trench Mortars, 16

Mitchell’s Farm, 235

Moeuvres, 258

Mogg Farm, 356; attack on, 359

Moislains, 268, 270, 272

Molenhoek Ridge captured, 342

Monastir recaptured, 152

Monchy Breton, 189, 213

Moncrieff, Brig.-General W. Scott, commanding 27th Brigade, 6, 403

Monro, General Sir C., commanding First Army, 144 _note_

Montauban, 284; captured, 96

Mont des Cats, 306, 320

Montefiore, Major C. S., commanding 90th Field Coy. R.E., 7, 408

Moorslede, 344; captured, 345

Morchies, 264

Morrison, Corporal, 6th Royal Scots Fusiliers, 17

Morval, 153, 281, 282; captured, 282

Mosscrop, 2nd Lieut., 222

Motor Machine-Gun Battery, the 11th, 364; the 19th, 96

Motor Machine-Gun Brigade, the 7th, 374

Moulin du Vivier, 287

Mount Pleasant Wood captured, 202

Mountain Battery, No. 7, action at Fosse 8, 47

Mudie, Lieut.-Colonel T. C., G.S.O.I., Ninth Division, 253, 380, 402

Muirhead, Lieut.-Colonel M., commanding 51st Bde. R.F.A., 407

Mulheim, 386

Munro, Major C. D., commanding 90th Field Coy. R.E., 408

Murray, Lieut.-Colonel J., commanding 12th Royal Scots, 321 _note_, 405; captures Steenbeek village, 364

Murray, 2nd Lieut., 12th Royal Scots, stalks a patrol, 17

Nairne, Lieut.-Colonel C. S., commanding 2nd Royal Scots Fusiliers, 406

Napoleon, Emperor, defeat of, 1

_National Review_, article in, 271 _note_

Nationalism, development of, 2

Neerhof captured, 359

Neuve Eglise, 297; captured, 306

“Never-ending Road,” 146

Newfoundland Regiment, the, join the Ninth Division, 333; advance on Keiberg Spur, 344; repulse the Germans, 355; capture Vichte, 375

New Zealand Division, at the Battle of Passchendaele, 239, 242

Nicol, Major W. H., A.D.V.S., Ninth Division, 8

Nieppe, 75; factory blown up, 14; Château le, 12

Nieuport, 224, 249

Nieuwe Kruiseecke Cross Roads, 342

Nineteenth Division, at Wytschaete, 297, 298; relieved, 306

Ninety-ninth Brigade, the, 271, 274; attack on, 274; at Rocquigny, 276

Ninth Division, composition, 6-8; changes in Command, 8; training, 8-11, 18, 74, 84, 172, 219, 251; message from King George V., 11, 395; at St Omer, 12, 319; instruction in bombing, 13; at Busnes, 15, 18; Vermelles, 19, 24; preparations for the Battle of Loos, 21-31; frontage, 23; equipment for battle, 31; mistakes, 58; at Bethune, 61; casualties, 61, 62, 125, 136, 138, 139, 218, 302, 380, 396, 409; tributes to, 61, 111 _note_, 140, 245 _note_, 280 _note_, 291, 314 _note_, 316, 353 _note_, 370 _note_; reorganisation, 62, 81, 251; _esprit de corps_, 62; ordered to the Salient, 64; School at Poperinghe, 66; at Zillebeke, 67; relieved, 73, 74, 135, 166, 213, 218, 223, 238, 251, 289, 312, 380; at Merris, 74; football matches, 75; at Ploegsteert Wood, 75; development of the offensive spirit, 77; sniping, 78; at Bomy, 84; at the Battle of the Somme, 95; of Longueval, 103, 105; night attack, 104, 109-111; artillery arrangements, 106-108; use of the “creeping” barrage, 107; position, 119; at Pont Remy, 144; transferred to the IV. Corps, 144, 220; join the III. Corps, 150; transferred to the Third Army, 169; at St Pol, 169; Arras, 172; transferred to the XVII. Corps, 181; plan of attack on Arras, 184; at the Battles of Arras, 193-199, 202-205, 207-211, 214-218; at Hermaville, 205; Ruellecourt, 213, 218; Canal du Nord, 220; attack on Passchendaele, 228, 239-243; at Arneke, 238; Brake Camp, 238; Ypres, 245; spirit of the men, 246, 314, 380, 394-396; at Nieuport, 249; Péronne, 249; transferred to the VII. Corps, 250; at Villers, 253; Chapel Hill, 264; retreat, 267; reinforcements, 283, 294; at Meaulte, 286; strength, 288; disciplined valour of the retreat, 290; at Wytschaete, 293; the Comines Canal, 296; attack on Wytschaete, 297, 304; dispositions, 307; defence of Wytschaete, 308-314; at Meteren, 320; raids, 321-323, 328; outbreak of trench fever, 322; preparations for the attack on Meteren, 323-325; Parade Service, 329; white metal thistle, 329; attack on Hoegenacker Ridge, 329-331; at Wardrecques, 332; in the Flanders camp, 336; transferred to the II. Corps, 336; ordered to attack Keiberg Spur, 343; attack on Ledeghem, 348; on Courtrai, 355; reorganises at Harlebeke, 383; reviewed by King Albert, 383; march to Cologne, 384-386; bridgehead duties, 387; Colours presented to, 390; demobilised, 390; work of the various Branches, 391; Ordnance Department, 392; the Padres, 393; record of Battles, 393; Canteens, 416

Nivelle, General, in command of the French armies, 182; failure in the Aisne, 223

Noble, 2nd Lieut. A., 115

Noordemdhoek, 336

Noote Boom, 12

Nord, Canal du, 220, 273

Norman, Captain F. K., commanding 106th A.S.C., 7

North House, 304, 305, 307

North Street, 103, 117

Northamptons, the, at the defence of the Fosse, 49

Northey, Lieut.-Colonel A. C., commanding 9th Scottish Rifles, 6, 63

Northey, Lieut.-Colonel H. H., commanding 6th Royal Scots Fusiliers, 6, 405

“Nose,” the, 157; attack on, 160, 163, 165; captured, 166

Nurlu, 255, 267, 269, 273; shelled, 260

Obermayer Trench, 185

Oddie, Padre, 393

Ohligs, 386; Ninth Divisional College at, 390

Oise, the, 258, 282, 354

Okkerwijk, 379

“Old German Line” trench, 16

Oldham, Major L. W. S., commanding 63rd Field Coy. R.E., 8, 408

Onraet, 299

Oosthoek, 64

Oosttaverne Wood, 299, 301

Ooteghem, attack on, 378; captured, 379

Oppy, 210

“Orchard,” the, 16

Ordnance Department, work of the, 392, 415

Ormiston, Major, 163, 279

Ostend harbour blocked, 319

Ouderdom, 310, 312

Outtersteene, 12, 330

Oxford Copse, 99

Pall Mall Road, 102 _note_

Pardy, 2nd Lieut., 179

Paris, Conference in, 224

Passchendaele, 336, 353; Battles of, 223, 231-235, 239-243, 393; preparations for the attack on, 224-231; criticisms on, 243

Patrolling, 17

Payne, Colonel A. V., A.A. & Q.M.G., Ninth Division, 6, 402

Peart, Sergeant, death, 393

Peirson, Captain, taken prisoner, 280

Pekin Trench, attack on, 23, 26, 42; evacuated, 46

Péronne, 249; fall of, 334

Perreau, Lieut.-Colonel A. M., commanding 52nd Bde. R.F.A., 8, 407; at Loos, 47

Pétain, General, 88

Petit Bois, 305

Petty, Lieut.-Colonel W., commanding 9th Seaforths, 407

Pheasant Wood, 304

Phineboom, 320

Phosphorous Bombs, 229

Piave, the, 382

Picardy, 88, 143

Piccadilly, 103, 114, 117; Farm, 312

Pick House, 299, 301; Wood, 304

“Pill-boxes,” 225; attack on, 232

“Pimple,” the, captured, 157

“Pine-apples” trench mortars, 177

Pioneers, the, 7, 399; work of the, 137, 381, 391, 413

Plaatsbeek, 371

Ploegsteert Wood, 75, 76; occupied, 299; evacuated, 334

Plumer, General, presents Colours, 390

Poelcapelle, 238

Poezelhoek, 342

Point du Jour, 184, 199

Pollard, Prof., _A Short History of the Great War_, 200

Pollock, Corporal James Dalgleish, awarded the V.C., 53, 410

Polygone de Zonnebeke, 337; captured, 341

Pont Levis No. 2, 376

Pont Remy, 144

Pont Street, 103

Pont à Vendin, 21

Poperinghe, 64, 223, 308; School at, 66

Portuguese Corps, attack on, 295

Potijze, the, 340

Potsdam, 228; attack on, 233, 235

Potterijebrug, 346

Princes Street, 103, 120

Princess Louise’s (Argyll and Sutherland) Highlanders, the 10th, 6, 398

Pringle, Lieut.-Colonel R. N., commanding South African Field Ambulance, 408

Prisoners, German, captured, 149, 177, 179, 195, 233, 237, 305, 310, 322, 327, 331

Proudfoot, 2nd Lieut., 179

Pulteney, Lieut.-General Sir W., commanding III. Corps, 150

Quarries, the, captured, 50; attack on, 51; repulsed, 52

Quentin Ridge, 254

Raids, number of, 177-180

Railton, 255, 265

Railway Alley, 43

Railway Triangle, 196, 197

Rancourt, 277

Ravine Wood, 298

Rawlinson, General Sir H., commanding Fourth Army, 84 _note_, 292; orders from, 128; tribute to the Ninth Division, 140

“Red Belly” aeroplane, 188

Reid, Major A. W., commanding 63rd Field Coy. R.E., 408

Reid, Captain, 4th South African Regiment, 294 _note_; captures Germans, 305

Reninghelst, 308

Respirator, the “box,” 172

Rest huts, 65

“Retaliation Tariff,” 70

Revelon Farm, 262; Ridge, 255

Reynolds, Captain Henry, 233; awarded the V.C., 235, 411

Rheims, 333

Rhine, the, 384

Ribemont sur L’Ancre, 286

Richtofen’s, Von, “Circus,” 188

Ricketts, Private Thomas, awarded the V.C., 361, 412

Ridge Wood, 294, 297, 302

Rifle-grenades, use of, 217, 219

Rifles, practice in the use of, 172, 174

Ritchie, Brig.-General A. B., commanding 26th (Highland) Brigade, 15, 403; at Loos, 39; uses divisional mounted troops, 53; at Longueval, 105; plan of attack, 154; commanding Sixteenth Division, 170

Ritson, Lieut.-Colonel J. A. S., commanding 12th Royal Scots, 214 _note_, 232, 405; leaves for England, 321 _note_

Roclincourt, 174, 175

Rocquigny, 276

Roeux, 201; Chemical Works of, 202; Battle of, 202-204; captured, 212

Rolleghem Cappelle, 356; captured, 349, 359

Rose, Major, killed, 305

Roubaix, withdrawal of the Germans, 371

Rougemont, Lieut.-Colonel C. H. de, G.S.O.I., Ninth Division, 6, 402

Roumania, entry into the war, 151; position, 224

Royal Army Medical Corps, the 27th, 28th and 29th Field Ambulances, 7, 399; work of the, 136, 167, 237, 244, 289, 290, 381, 391

Royal Army Service Corps, 399. _See_ Army

Royal Engineers, the 63rd Field Coy., 7, 370, 371, 397; at the Battle of Loos, 35; the 64th, 7, 371, 397; at the Battle of the Somme, 96; the 90th, 7, 397; endurance, 47; at the Battle of the Somme, 96; bridge over the Lys, 367

Royal Field Artillery, the 17th Brigade, attack on Ooteghem, 378

the 50th Brigade, 7, 297, 347, 397; attack on Cuerne, 366; cross the Lys, 375

the 51st Brigade, 7, 297, 397; at Heule, 366

the 52nd Brigade, 7, 397; at the Battle of Loos, 47

the 53rd Brigade, 7, 80, 397

A.F.A. Brigades, 28th at Cuerne, 367; 65th and 130th near Gonnelieu, 257; 150th at Sorel, 267; 153rd, 343

Royal Flying Corps, air photographs, 189, 227

Royal Scots, The, 11th Battalion, 6, 63, 398; at the Battle of Loos, 44; retire to Fosse Alley, 47; casualties, 62 _note_, 77; expel the Germans, 77; at Montauban, 97; at the Battle of Longueval, 105, 111, 114; attack on Delville Wood, 126; reconnaissance, 190; at the Battle of Arras, 191, 214; attack on Roeux, 204; at Ypres, 231; at the Battle of Passchendaele, 239; quartered at Heudecourt, 256; at Chapel Hill, 265; at the Battle of Wytschaete, 298; advance on Becelaere, 341; capture the Molenhoek Ridge, 342; advance on Hill 40, 363; cross the Lys, 367; attack on Vichte, 376

12th Battalion, 6, 398; at the Battle of Loos, 44; retire to Fosse Alley, 47; casualties, 62 _note_; at the Battle of the Somme, 96; capture Bernafay Wood, 98; at the Battle of Longueval, 105, 111, 114, 123; capture Germans, 149, 323; march in the mud, 164; at the Battle of Arras, 191, 214, 216; attack on Roeux, 204; on Passchendaele, 228, 239; on the “Pill-boxes,” 232; at Dessart Wood, 256; Nurlu, 267; at the Battle of Wytschaete, 298; attack on, 309; surrounded, 310; establish posts, 330; advance on Becelaere, 341; capture it, 342; attack on Ledeghem, 349; capture Steenbeek, 364; Cuerne, 366; cross the Lys, 369

Royal Scots Fusiliers, the 2nd, 307, 312, 398; attack on Meteren, 324; on Broodseinde, 337; advance on Keiberg Spur, 344; cross the Lys, 373; action at Beveren, 374

the 6th, 6, 63, 398; at the Battle of Loos, 44; attack on Fosse Alley, 51, 52; bomb fight, 54; retire to Dump Trench, 54; casualties, 62 _note_; join the Fifteenth Division, 82

Royal West Kent Regiment, 218 _note_

Royal West Surrey Regiment, 218 _note_

Roye, 182

Ruellecourt, 213, 218

“Rum-jar” shell, 147

Rupprecht, Prince, 320

Russia, agreement with Britain and France, 3; policy, 151; revolution, 183, 224

Russian Army, retreat, 19; defeated in Poland, 86; collapse, 246

Ruthven, Brig.-General Hon. A. G. A. Hore, V.C., commanding 26th (Highland) Brigade, 327, 403; advance on Moorslede, 345; defensive flank, 350; attack on Ooteghem, 379; tribute to, 381

S.S. 135 pamphlet, 10, 175, 176, 185; S.S. 143 pamphlet, 10, 175, 176

Saillisel, 274, 276

Sailly Saillisel Ridge, 281

St Jans Cappel, 320

St Julien recaptured by the Germans, 225; Battle of, 394

St Laurent-Blangy, 185

St Louis, 371, 374, 376

St Nicholas, 205 _note_

St Omer, 12, 319, 320

St Pierre Vaast Wood, 274, 276, 281

St Pieter, 345, 346; captured, 351

St Pol, 169

Salisbury Plain, training camps, 6

Salonica, 224, 247; expedition, 86

Sambre, the, 383

Sanctuary Wood, 68, 69, 337

Sappers, the, bomb factories, 14; invaluable aid, 47; relations with the Infantry, 69; work of the, 137, 244, 381, 391, 412

Sarrail, General, 152

Sawder, Major, 263

Scarpe River, 173, 181, 196, 202

Scheldt, the, 371, 379, 380, 396

Scherpenberg, 293, 297

Scott, Major, 12th Royal Scots, 239

Scottish Rifles, the 9th, 6, 307, 398; at the Battle of Loos, 35, 38; casualties, 62 _note_, 346; operations against the Germans, 78; at Montauban, 97; at the Battle of Longueval, 105, 111; raid, 178; at the Battle of Arras, 191, 208; attack on Roeux, 204; on Passchendaele, 228, 232, 242; in the Fourteenth Division, 251; at Meteren, 320; attack on Broodseinde, 337; Keiberg Spur, 344; cross the Lys, 373

Scrase-Dickins, Brig.-General S. W., commanding 28th Infantry Brigade, 6, 82, 165, 403; at the Battle of Loos, 35; of Longueval, 105, 115, 116; commanding Thirty-seventh Division, 169; characteristics, 169; invalided to England, 170 _note_

Seaforth Highlanders, the 7th, 6, 63, 398; attack on the Hohenzollern Redoubt, 21 _note_, 40; at the Battle of Loos, 39; casualties, 62 _note_; attack on Waterlot Farm, 118; on the Butte de Warlencourt, 155; at the Battle of Arras, 191; attack on Wytschaete, 304; at Ypres, 337; cross the Lys, 373

Seaforth Highlanders, the 9th (Pioneers), 7, 399; at the Battle of Loos, 35; heroism, 48; at the Battle of the Somme, 96; of Arras, 216; barrage, 216; at the Battle of Passchendaele, 239-242; reorganised, 251; at Sorel, 256

Selle, the, 354; Battles of, 382

Sempill, Lieut.-Colonel Lord, commanding 8th Black Watch, 6, 404; wounded, 41

Serajevo murder, 3

Serbia, relations with Austria, 3

Serbs, the, defeat of, 86

Serre, 96

Seven Years’ War, 91

Seventeenth Division, 213, 281, 285

Sharp, Lieut.-Colonel S. F., commanding 9th Seaforth Highlanders, 407

Shiels, Captain Drummond, 297

Shrapnel shell, use of, 107 _note_, 229

Siege Farm, 309

Simpson, Lieut.-Colonel C. N. commanding 53rd Bde. R.F.A., 7, 407

Sixty-first Division, at Péronne, 249

Sixty-third (Naval) Division, at Passchendaele, 245, 282; at Péronne, 250

Slag Alley, 51

Slypshoek, 347

Slypskappelle, 347

Smith, Sergeant, 322, 328

Smoke-bombs, 27; candles, 29; screen, 186, 197; shells, 187

Smuggling, repression of, 388

Smyth, Lieut.-Colonel G. B. F., commanding 6th K.O.S.B., 171, 256 _note_, 329, 405; at the Battle of Arras, 209; murdered, 209 _note_; wounded, 210, 276; attempt to clear Hill 41, 350; commanding 90th Field Coy. R.E., 408

Snag Trench, 154, 156, 158

Snephoek, 364

Sniping, 78, 148

Soda-Water Factory, 416

Soissons, 333; recaptured, 334

Solingen, 386, 390

Somer Farm, 301, 302, 305

Somme, 85, 89, 282; preparations for the Battle of, 92-94; preliminary bombardment, 94; Battle, 95, 107 _note_, 393

Sorel, 255, 256, 267; shelled, 260

Sotheby, Lieut.-Colonel H. G., commanding 10th A. & S.H., 171, 405

Souchez, 22, 145

Source Farm, 242; Trench, 241, 242

South African Brigade, 82, 398; at the Battle of the Somme, 96; at Montauban, 99; occupy Bernafay Wood, 101; casualties, 131; in the trenches at Arras, 174; raids, 180; at the Battle of Roeux, 202-204; lack of reinforcements, 206; fresh battalions, 218; attack on Passchendaele, 228, 234; at Gonnelieu, 256; ordered to retreat, 267-269; attacks on, 277-279, 301; survivors taken prisoners, 280; strength, 294; attack on Messines, 299; on Meteren, 324; leave the Ninth Division, 332; tribute to, 333 _note_

South African Regiment, the 1st, at the Battle of Longueval, 117, 123; attack on Delville Wood, 126; on Snag Trench, 158; expelled by flammenwerfer, 163; at the Battle of Arras, 191; attack on Wytschaete, 305

the 2nd, attack on Delville Wood, 121; casualties, 122; capture Germans, 149; attack on the Butte de Warlencourt, 155; at the Battle of Arras, 191; at Gauche Wood, 261

the 3rd, attack on the “Nose,” 161; at the Battle of Arras, 191; broken up, 251

the 4th, attack on Waterlot Farm, 124; at the Battle of Arras, 191; recapture Chapel Hill, 263; attack on Wytschaete, 305

South African Composite Battalion, 283, 287, 302, 304, 307, 398; strength, 288

South Street, 112

Spanbroekmolen, 302, 304, 308

Sparrow, W. S., “Epic of the Ninth (Scottish) Division,” 271 _note_, 290 _note_

Sprenger, Captain L. F., 235; wounded, 157

Spriethoek, 347

Springfield, 243

Square Wood, 210

Staenyzer Cabaret, 304

Staff Officer, duties, 22; A. Branch, 22; G. Branch, 23

Staunton, Lieut.-Colonel G., commanding 8th Gordons, 6, 404

Steenbeek, 361; captured, 364

Steenen Stampkot, 360, 363

Steenwerck, 75, 83; occupied, 299

Stevenson, Private J., plucky exploit, 100

Stewart, Lieut.-Colonel P. A. V., G.S.O.I., 253, 402

Stirling Castle, 336, 337

Stokerij, 365, 373

Stokes Mortars, 27, 81

Storey, 2nd Lieut., 191

Straate, 375

Straubenzee, Lieut.-Colonel C. C. Van, commanding 50th Bde. R.F.A., 8, 407

Strooiboomhoek, 344, 347

Stuart, Lieut.-Colonel H. C., commanding 10th H.L.I., 64, 406

Submarine warfare, 247

Sussex Regiment, at the defence of the Fosse, 49

Symons, Colonel F. A., A.D.M.S., 404; killed, 206

Tail Trench, 154; bombardment of, 165

Tait, Sergeant, 300

Talus Boise, 129, 135, 284

Tank Brigade, the 4th, 306, 309

Tanks, the, 191, 196, 222, 247

Tanner, Brig.-General W. E. C., commanding 2nd South African Regiment, 82, 172, 406; attack on Delville Wood, 120; wounded, 129; commands 8th Brigade (Third Division), 256 _note_; commands South African Brigade, 294, 403; letter from Brig.-General Tudor, 333 _note_

Taylor, Captain G. P., 162; commanding 28th Field Ambulance, 408

Teacher, Brig.-Major, at Longueval, 110

Terdeghem, Parade Service at, 329

Terhand, advance on, 343; captured, 345

Terrapin House, 329, 331

Thackeray, Lieut.-Colonel E. F., commanding 3rd South African Regiment, 83, 406; at Waterlot Farm, 129, 131, 139; at Happy Valley, 135; wounded, 144

Thesiger, Maj.-General G. H., commanding Ninth Division, 31, 402; at Loos, 37, 44; killed, 53

Thiepval, 89, 96, 152

Third Division, 76th Brigade, relieved, 106; attack on Longueval, 129, 130

Thirtieth Division, 86, 154, 158; relieved 99

Thirty-first Division, at the Battle of Arras, 206, 210; relieved, 320

Thirty-second Division, 251

Thirty-fourth Division, at Arras, 181

Thirty-fifth Division, 176, 283, 284

Thirty-sixth Division, 228, 371, 375, 378; ordered to advance on Terhand, 343; capture it, 345; capture Hill 41, 347

Thirty-seventh Division, relieved, 206

Thirty-ninth Division, 251; relieved, 253

“Thistles, The,” concert troupe, 393

Thomson, Lieut.-Colonel, commanding 1/1st Yorks Cyclists, 364

Thomson, 2nd Lieut. K. D., killed, 138

Thorne, Lieut.-Colonel H. U. H., commanding 12th Royal Scots, 172, 405; killed, 194

Thorp, Captain H. W. B., Brigade-Major of the 26th Highland Brigade, 6

Three Cabarets, 23; attack on, 39, 40

_Times, The_, article in, 316

Torpedo, the Bangalore, 78

Torreken Corner, 298

Tourcoing, 370

Train Alley, 23

Transylvania, invasion of, 151

Trappelstraat, 371

Trench feet, 68; cases of, 167; remedy for, 176; fever, outbreak, 322

Trench Mortar Brigade, 81, 311; work of the, 315

Trench Mortars, 14, 27, 81, 147; warfare, 18

Trenches, 146, 174; siting of, 10; for the wounded, 25, 30; condition, 68

Trentino, attack in the, 88

Triangle Post, 97

Trigger Wood Valley, 96

Trones Wood, 97; attack on, 100, 101, 285; captured, 119

Trotter, Brig.-General G. F., commanding 27th Brigade, 63, 403; accident, 82

Tudor, Maj.-General H. H., C.R.A. Ninth Division, 80, 106, 139, 205 _note_; and General Furse, 154 _note_, 403; Police Adviser in Ireland, 209 _note_; plan of attack, 222; commands Ninth Division, 258, 293, 402; at Nurlu, 260; ordered to withdraw, 264; at Moislains, 270; trouble with the 47th Division, 270; coolness and foresight, 290; tribute to the South African Brigade, 333 _note_; Orders to Brigadiers, 343; Conference at Waterdamhoek, 346; characteristics, 381

Tulip Cottages, 235

Turkey, reverses, 335

Turner, 2nd Lieut., 113; heroism, 127

Tweedie, Lieut.-Colonel W. J. B., commanding 10th A. & S.H., 80, 405; wounded, 143

Twelfth Division, 285; retreat across the Ancre, 287

Twenty-first Division, 253, 306; at Péronne, 249; hold Cavalry Trench, 262; retreat, 274, 276

Twenty-fourth Division, the 72nd Brigade, at Zillebeke, 67; the 73rd Brigade, at the defence of the Fosse, 49; inexperience, 50, 53 _note_; unsteadiness, 52; withdraws from the Fosse, 54

Twenty-eighth Division, the 85th Brigade, attack on Fosse, 8, 55

Twenty-ninth Division, 337, 342, 370, 376; ordered to advance on Gheluwe, 343; captures Heule, 366; relieved, 377

Uniacke, Lieut.-Colonel R. F., A.A. and Q.M.G., 402; killed, 14

United States, entry into the war, 248; transportation of soldiers, 318

Usmar, Lieut.-Colonel G. H., commanding the South African Field Ambulance, 408

Vaarneuykbeek, the, 370, 372

Valenciennes, 20

Vandamme Hill, 308

Vandenberghe, 311

Vaucellette Farm, 262

Vaux Woods, 270, 272

Vaux-en-Amienois, 85

Verdun, Battle of, 87

Vermelles, 19, 24, 32

Vesle River, 334

Vichte, 371; captured, 375

Vickers Guns, 72, 188

Vienna Congress, result, 1

Vierstraat, 294, 297, 298

Villers, 253, 256, 334

Villers-Plouich, attack on, 272

Vimy Ridge, 145, 149, 182; captured, 200

W.A.A.C., the, 388

Waermaerde, 379

Wainwright, Brig.-General H. R., appointed C.R.A., 293, 361, 403

Wald, 386, 390

Wales, H.R.H. Edward, Prince of, at Festubert, 17

Wallemolen, 241

Walshe, Brig.-General W. H., commanding 27th Brigade, 63, 403

War, European, outbreak, 1

Wardrecques, 332, 336

Warsaw captured, 19

Waterdamhoek, 344; Conference of Brigadiers at, 346

Waterend House, 235

Waterlot Farm, 102, 103; attack on, 108, 113, 115, 118, 124; captured, 129

Watten, Artillery Training Camp at, 74

Webber, Major, 213

Weed and Weak Trenches, 207

Weller, Lieut. W. R., killed, 138

Wemyss, Lieut.-Colonel J. Colchester, commanding 6th K.O.S.B., 321 _note_

Westhoek, 336; recaptured, 225

Westroosebeke, 238, 239

West Spring Gun, 14

White, Captain, 369

Wijfwegen, 345

Wilkie, Major H. J., commanding 6th K.O.S.B., 308 _note_

William II., Emperor of Germany, tribute to the Ninth Division, 280 _note_; flight to Holland, 384

Wilson, Lieut.-General Sir H., commanding IV. Corps, 144 _note_

Winchester, Lieut., 113

Winkel St Eloi captured, 360

Wish Trench, 210

Wit Trench, 210; attack on, 211

Woeuvre, attack on, 335, 354

Wolfsberg, 375

Woolner, Major C. G., commanding 64th Field Coy. R.E., 408

Wormhoudt, 249

Wounded, the, trenches for, 25, 30; breakdown of the arrangements, 59; rescue of, 136, 289

Wright, Lieut.-Colonel H., commanding 8th Gordons, 8, 404

Wright, Lieut., killed, 99

Wulfdambeek stream, 356; captured, 359

Wulverghem, 301; captured, 306

Wytschaete, Battle of, 297; evacuated, 299; captured, 304, 306; attack on, 309

Yorks Cyclists, the 1/1st, 364, 374

Young, Lieut.-Colonel, commanding 1st South African Regiment, 283, 294 _note_

Young, Captain T. F., commanding 64th Field Coy. R.E., 408

Ypres, 20, 64, 223, 225, 227, 248, 336; ruins of, 67; bombed by aeroplanes, 238

Yser, the, 224

Zandvoorde Ridge, 296

Zeebrugge harbour blocked, 319

Zevencote, 235

Zillebeke, 64, 67, 70

Zonnebeke, 227, 228, 235, 342; attack on, 234

PRINTED BY OLIVER AND BOYD, EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND

MAPS

1. Loos. 2. The Somme, Longueval, and Delville Wood. 3. The Butte de Warlencourt, October 1916. 4. Arras: Action of 9th April 1917. 5. Arras: Actions of 12th April to 5th June 1917. 6. Passchendaele: Action near Frezenberg, 20th September 1917. 7. Passchendaele: Action near St Julien, 12th October 1917. 8. The Retreat on the Somme, March 1918. 9. Wytschaete and Kemmel, April 1918. 10. Meteren and Hoegenacker, July to August 1918. 11. The Final Advance, September to October 1918.

[Illustration: Map to illustrate the BATTLE OF LOOS

[Emery Walker Ltd. sc.]

[Illustration: Map to illustrate THE SOMME, July 1916

[Emery Walker Ltd. sc.]

[Illustration: THE BUTTE DE WARLENCOURT, October 1916

[Emery Walker Ltd. sc.]

[Illustration: BATTLE OF ARRAS. 9th. April 1917

[Emery Walker Ltd. sc.]

[Illustration: East of ARRAS 12 April-5 June, 1917

[Emery Walker Ltd. sc.]

[Illustration: Action near FREZENBERG 20th. Sept. 1917

[Emery Walker Ltd. sc.]

[Illustration: Action of 12th. Oct. 1917 East of St. Julien

[Emery Walker Ltd. sc.]

[Illustration: THE SOMME RETREAT March 1918

[Emery Walker Ltd. sc.]

[Illustration: WYTSCHAETE & KEMMEL April 1918

[Emery Walker Ltd. sc.]

[Illustration: METEREN 19th. July 1918

HOEGENACKER 18th. August 1918

[Emery Walker Ltd. sc.]

[Illustration: THE FINAL ADVANCE 28th. Sept. to 27th. Oct. 1918

[Emery Walker Ltd. sc.]

[Illustration: THE CAIRN

[_Frontispiece_]

9TH (SCOTTISH) DIVISION MEMORIAL

ARRAS, APRIL 9, 1922

BY IAN HAY

WITH ILLUSTRATIONS

LONDON JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET, W. 1 1922

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

THE CAIRN _Frontispiece_

BEFORE THE UNVEILING* _Face page_ 4

THE MOMENT OF UNVEILING* ” 6

SOME OF THE WREATH-BEARERS* ” 10

THE DAY AFTER THE UNVEILING ” 12

* By kind permission of _The Daily Mirror_.

9TH (SCOTTISH) DIVISION MEMORIAL

THE FINAL PAGE.

The history of the Ninth Division opens upon the day when certain ragged regiments—without uniforms, without rifles, without experience; fortified by nothing but their own native courage and great expectations—came tramping into Aldershot shortly after the outbreak of War, the First Division of the New Army and the First complete unit of the First Hundred Thousand. The final page of an immortal record was written and turned upon the afternoon of Palm Sunday, 9th April 1922, on the Point du Jour, a hilltop just outside Arras, with the unveiling by one of its own illustrious leaders of a memorial commemorating the service of the Division upon the soil of France and Flanders.

It was a perfect spring afternoon, with a bright sun, and the old familiar larks in full song overhead, as the little company which had crossed from Dover the previous day began to gather at the point of assembly. All ranks were represented, and all ranks had travelled there in a single party, without distinctions of seniority or service, upon their common errand of commemoration.

The road out of Arras climbs and winds steadily for some three miles. Then comes a curve in the hill, and the Memorial is suddenly visible, standing up against the sky at the highest point on the road to Douai, dominating the valley of the Scarpe. It is in the form of a great cairn, and stands some twenty paces back from the road, on the north side, in a little half-acre of soil which, as General Furse most movingly reminded us, is now “for ever Scotland.” The plot has been left exactly as the War left it. For this was the left of the third and final objective of the attack allotted to the Division on 9th April 1917. The surrounding country has been reclaimed and tilled again, but the half-acre of the Ninth Division still remains a war zone in miniature. There are trenches; a dug-out; here and there you may discern rusty barbed wire and derelict ammunition. But there are mitigating features. Round the base of the cairn heather brought from Scotland has been planted; broom is growing on the top; gorse and whin-bush, too, have been planted round about. And these, one hopes, will abide and flourish long after the hand of time has smoothed away the last grim disfigurements of war from this “corner of a foreign field” to which they find themselves so strangely transplanted.

Here, then, on the road two hundred yards from the Memorial, our simple pageant was marshalled, and the procession moved off, headed by its pipers, to the appointed place. General Furse and General Tudor led the way with the officiating clergy. Next came the wreath-bearers, some twenty in all, each carrying a great laurel wreath decked with regimental colours. Behind, in fours, marched the main body, most of them in uniform and all wearing their medals. Last of all came mothers, wives, sisters, sons, and daughters, headed by a little company without whose presence the ceremony would have been incomplete indeed—certain women in black, carrying certain private and particular wreaths of their own.

[Illustration: BEFORE THE UNVEILING.

_By kind permission of_] [“_The Daily Mirror._”]

From the Memorial to the road runs a little roughly-flagged pathway. The pipers took their stand on either side of this, while the procession halted, turned left, and stood aligned in the road, facing the Memorial, which was veiled in three flags—the Union Jack, the Tricolour of France, and the Royal Standard of Scotland. Each unit was duly played into its place by familiar music—the members of the Highland Brigade by “Highland Laddie,” of the Lowland by “Blue Bonnets over the Border,” and of the South African by “The Atholl Highlanders.”

And here let a word be said about the rest of the assembly. Naturally there were present representatives of France—General Huguenot, commanding the First Division of the French Army; M. Delatouche, Sous-Prefet; Mm. Leroy and Dupage, Maires of Arras and St Laurent-Blangy, and certain others. There were numerous little processions and deputations come to wish us well and bear us company. There was a body of French Comrades of the Great War, most of them partially disabled, who had marched out from Arras to take their stand beside us. There was a procession of young boys, Military Cadets in uniform. There was a procession of very small children, tramping sturdily up the hill from their shattered city, carrying bright-coloured flowers, a pleasant foil to the sombre distinction of our own laurel wreaths. There was a half-troop of French Cavalry. There was a detachment of French Infantry, standing in the road, an immovable wall of horizon blue, just behind our own line of khaki. And behind these and all round, banked up on every eminence, stood a crowd—an extraordinarily attentive and reverent crowd—of some hundreds of French civilians. Their demeanour throughout was a most memorable feature of a memorable afternoon. Standing for more than an hour in solid masses, listening to a language which they could not understand and words which they could barely hear, they never once by sound or movement disturbed for a moment the course of our simple ceremony.

When all were in position, and the visiting delegates made welcome, the service of dedication began. It was conducted by the ex-Moderator of the Church of Scotland and Dean of the Thistle, Dr A. Wallace Williamson, assisted by the Rev. C. N. de Vine, M.C., and concluded with the recitation of the Lord’s Prayer, in which all joined. Then suddenly the pipes broke into “Lochaber No More.” General Furse stepped forward and touched a cord. The unveiling flags slipped to the ground, and the inscription stood revealed, carved on a great block of granite set in the base of the cairn:—

REMEMBER WITH HONOUR THE 9TH SCOTTISH DIVISION WHO ON THE FIELDS OF FRANCE AND FLANDERS 1915-1918 SERVED WELL

Above the inscription, cut deep into nine lesser blocks set one above another and reaching to the very summit, came the tale of the battle honours of the Division—Loos, Delville Wood and Longueval, the Butte de Warlencourt, Arras, Passchendaele, Gauche Wood to Albert, Wytschaete and Messines, Meteren, and Ypres to the Scheldt.

[Illustration: THE MOMENT OF UNVEILING.

_By kind permission of_] [“_The Daily Mirror._”]

With such a record to inspire both speaker and audience, General Furse’s spoken tribute, which followed, could not fail to be profoundly impressive. His words, which are recorded fully below, were of the simplest, and that very fact enhanced the nobility of his theme. His text, obviously, was written on the cairn behind him. His first words were most appropriately devoted to setting forth the difficulty experienced by the Committee in selecting the most fitting spot upon which to erect the Divisional Memorial. Finally Arras had been chosen. “The reason,” said the General, “why we finally settled on this spot was that five years ago to-day the Ninth Division covered itself with conspicuous glory over the battle-ground we see to the west of us. Its success on that day was complete and convincing. This was indeed its ‘Point du Jour.’ It was its third and final objective. It was won on the hour ordered. The Division on that day made a further advance, took more prisoners, and at a comparatively smaller loss to itself, than had fallen to the lot of any single Division in any single day up to that date in the War.”

Yet, as General Furse most justly pointed out, the passer-by had merely to glance up at the list of battlefields upon the cairn to realise that the service of the Division had not been limited to the Arras district, or indeed to any particular point in France or Flanders. Its record ran gloriously from end to end of the Western Front.

Next, in setting forth the reasons which influenced the Committee in their choice of this particular form of memorial, the speaker enlarged upon the composition of the Division—the fact that it contained units from England, The Channel Islands, South Africa, and Newfoundland, which rendered it more truly Imperial in its composition than any other Division in the British Army. “But,” he added, “it was born in Scotland; it was named after Scotland; it was fed throughout the four years of its active life in the main from Scotland; its symbol was the thistle of Scotland; and it is but right, therefore, that its monument should be fashioned in the form beloved of Scotland.”

Then followed an affecting tribute to the dead, enhanced by a reminder that in every year of its active service the Division lost in battle casualties alone not less than a hundred per cent. of its full strength. Some of its most conspicuous members were mentioned by name. Next came a most appreciative reference to the loyal co-operation and complete harmony which had always existed between “our splendid Infantry” and other arms of the Division. “I do not believe,” said the speaker with simple truth, “that there was any Division in the whole Army in which this spirit of fellowship and good comradeship burned more brightly or achieved greater results.”

The General’s speech ended in a note of justifiable pride—pride that our Division, though the Ninth in the Old Army, should have been the First in the New. “First of the new Divisions raised for the War, First of these Divisions to come to France, almost the First in the respect won from a hard-fighting enemy, First to cross over on to German soil when victory had been achieved, the Ninth Scottish Division will, I am convinced, remain for all time First in the affections of those who had the real honour of serving in it. Ours was indeed a royal fellowship, not only of death but of service.”

General Furse concluded with a few graceful sentences of thanks and appreciation, delivered in their own language, to the French delegates grouped at the foot of the cairn. As his voice died away the whole company stood to the salute, while the French military band played “God Save the King,” followed by “The Marseillaise.” Thereafter the French officials delivered short, clear, and most appropriate speeches.

Then came the most moving episode of the afternoon. The kilted pipers resumed their station on either side of the stone pathway and began to play “The Flowers of the Forest.” Up this avenue of wailing pipes marched the wreath-bearers, two by two, in slow time; first, Lord Sempill, the first member of the Division to set foot in France in 1915, representing the Eighth Black Watch, accompanied by Cameron of Lochiel, representing the Fifth Camerons; then representatives of all other units. The wreaths were hung high upon the cairn, upon stone projections occurring at regular intervals round its circumference, until the entire cairn was ringed with green laurel and fluttering ribbons. A last great wreath, the gift of women to whom the Ninth Division had meant something more than most, was laid at the foot of the cairn beneath the inscription. Lastly came the votive offerings of the French delegations—bright spring flowers in most cases—until the whole base of the cairn was a mass of colour. The last wreath was laid by some very small French girls.

Then the French band played the National Anthem again, and the formal ceremony was at an end. The Ninth Divisional pipers stepped on to the road and broke into “The Barren Rocks of Aden”—the march which had played the Division into Brussels in the course of its victorious advance into Germany—and the French troops fell into column of route and marched away down the hill; but hundreds of onlookers remained to make a closer inspection of the cairn and the wreaths, and in particular of a row of rough-hewn blocks of stone, each inscribed with the name and crest of a Divisional unit, set in line on the ground facing the edge of the road, to mark the boundary of this our little corner of Scotland, until the end of time.

Two predominant impressions remain. Firstly, the completeness of the arrangements. There had been little or no rehearsal of the ceremony, but everything passed off without hitch or hesitation. For this our thanks are due to those responsible, especially General Furse, Colonel Kennedy, and Captain Darling. Secondly, the very representative and very united bearing of our party. Men were there from all ranks, all units, and each country and Dominion concerned. General Furse reminded us in his speech that the cairn had been dedicated not only to the memory of the dead, but to the service of the Division as a whole. That was undoubtedly the right and just view to take: yet for us who stood there on that sunny April afternoon and watched the flags flutter down from the face of the inscription, the ceremony had but one significance—the rendering of the final tribute to those who were taken by those who were left. And it was a pleasant thought that a worthy company should have gathered upon the Point du Jour from all parts of the Empire for that end.

[Illustration: SOME OF THE WREATH-BEARERS.

_By kind permission of_] [“_The Daily Mirror._”]

9TH (SCOTTISH) DIVISION MEMORIAL

THE UNVEILING AND DEDICATION

ARRIVAL AT ARRAS AND PROCESSIONAL ARRANGEMENTS.

The party for the unveiling numbered about 130 of all ranks, and left London under arrangements concluded by Captain W. Y. Darling, M.C., 11th Royal Scots, at 8.30 on the morning of Saturday, 8th April. The route taken was by Calais and Amiens. Arras was reached at about six o’clock in the evening, and all ranks were accommodated at the Hotel de l’Univers and Hotel de Commerce.

On Sunday afternoon the party were conveyed by automobiles to the point of assembly, near the Point du Jour, where a procession was formed in the following order:—

Lt.-Gen. Sir W. T. Furse, K.C.B., D.S.O., Divisional Commander.

Maj.-Gen. H. H. Tudor, C.B., C.M.G., Divisional Commander.

Dr A. Wallace Williamson, ex-Moderator of the Church of Scotland and Dean of the Thistle.

Captain the Rev. C. N. de Vine, M.C., C.F.

WREATH-BEARERS.

Lt.-Col. Lord Sempill 8th Black Watch. Colonel T. Fetherstonhaugh, D.S.O. 7th and 9th Seaforth Highlanders. Sergeant D. Wilkie, D.C.M., M.M. 8th Gordon Highlanders. Colonel Cameron of Lochiel, C.M.G. 5th Cameron Highlanders. Lt.-Col. H. G. Sotheby, D.S.O., 10th Argyll and Sutherland M.V.O. Highlanders. Lt.-Col. John Murray, D.S.O. 11th and 12th Royal Scots. Sergeant W. Smith 6th Royal Scots Fusiliers. Sergeant G. Smith, D.C.M., M.M. 6th King’s Own Scottish Borderers. Colonel W. D. Croft, C.M.G., D.S.O. 9th Scottish Rifles. Major G. H. Callender, M.C. 10th and 11th Highland Light Infantry. Captain E. F. Dufton, M.C. 1st South African Regt. Mr E. Thompson 2nd South African Regt. Sergt.-Major T. Young 3rd South African Regt. Captain W. Maclean, M.C. 4th South African Scottish Regiment. Lt.-Col. W. Maclean, C.M.G., 1st Newfoundland Regiment. D.S.O., M.P. Major J. W. Hoggart, D.S.O., M.C. Royal Artillery and R.A.O.C. Captain L. A. Culliford, M.C. Royal Engineers. Major F. K. Norman, M.C. R.A.S.C. Major G. Rankine, M.C. R.A.M.C. Major J. H. Beith, C.B.E., M.C. Machine-gun Corps. Captain Lord Hastings Glasgow Yeomanry and Cyclists. Mrs A. C. Campbell .... Miss Brash ....

Other members of the party in columns of fours, by units. Ladies accompanying the party, and other friends.

A detachment of French troops—33rd Infantry and 3rd Engineers, with Regimental flags, under the command of Colonel Potez—formed a guard of honour lining the road facing the Memorial.

DESCRIPTION OF THE MEMORIAL.

The site is a square forty yards by forty yards, at Point du Jour road junction. Two trenches cross there, and they and the general state of the ground are as the battle left them. The cairn stands in the centre of the square.

[Illustration: THE DAY AFTER THE UNVEILING.

← Main Road from Arras. To Douai. → ]

Owing to the many shell-holes and the unsettled state of the ground, it was found necessary to sink a circular raft of concrete, reinforced with steel rails, twenty-four feet in diameter and five feet thick. The cairn stands on this, circular in plan, eighteen feet in diameter at the base, fourteen feet at top, and over thirty feet high, and is on a mound of earth which rises about two feet from the general ground level. It is built of large rough blocks of grey Belgian granite, from the quarries of Soignies. Stones containing red iron stains and quartz seams were specially selected. The stones diminish towards the top. The largest are over six feet long, and the highest over three feet high. The stones are built up dry, naturally keyed together, or wedged with smaller stones.

The method of building was as follows. On the foundation raft a ring of stones was placed in position, forming a circular wall three feet thick. The centre was then filled up solid with concrete formed of cement, granite chips, and granite dust. The wall was then continued all round, but not in distinct rings, and the centre again filled up solid. This procedure was followed right up to the top. Thus no scaffolding was used, the cairn itself acting as a platform on which the men worked, and a hand gear hoist erected stage by stage for raising the stones. The backs of the stones are embedded in the concrete core and frequent long stones project a considerable distance into the concrete.

At the projecting cornice level the concrete core is finished with cement, weathered from the centre, and the top ring of stones is filled with earth of a depth of about two feet six inches and then is turfed over, dome-shaped.

Above the inscription stone, down the entire length of the front, are nine stones, bearing the names of the battles, their size suiting the inscriptions they bear.

Nineteen stones project from the cairn at a height of about eight feet to bear wreaths.

A sloping and irregularly paved pathway leads to the road, the ditch being spanned by a monolithic granite bridge, about seven feet square.

The four corners of the site are marked by square granite posts, about six feet high, each bearing the Divisional sign carved in a sunk circle. To the front, along the road, on the top of the bank, are twenty-six stones. Each bears the name and crest of a unit of the Division. These are grouped in brigades.

The site has been planted with clumps of gorse and broom, and the mound round the cairn with heather sent from Scotland by many members of the Division.

The contractor was Octave Bouchez of Arras, and it was built with his own local labour. Among his many difficulties was the complete lack of water. Before beginning he had to construct a tank close by, and a horse-drawn water-cart was almost continuously employed filling this from Athies.

THE CEREMONY.

Shortly before 2.30 the Ninth Division procession moved up from the point of assembly and took station immediately in front of the French troops, facing the Memorial, the inscription upon which was veiled by the Union Jack, the Flag of France, and the Royal Standard of Scotland. General Furse, accompanied by General Tudor, then took his stand at the foot of the cairn and greeted the representatives of France, namely: General Huguenot, representing General Lacapelle, G.O.C., the First Corps of the French Army; M. Delatouche, representing M. le Prefet; M. Doutremepuich, Councillor-General; M. Leroy, Mayor of Arras; M. Dupage, Mayor of St Laurent-Blangy; the Curé of Athies-Feuchy, and other officials representing: Les Mutilés et Souvenir Français, La Chambre de Commerce, La Société de gymnastique d’Arras, Les Sapeurs-Pompiers, Le Bulletin des Eglises Devastées, Les Ecoles d’Athies-Feuchy, Officers of the Garrison of Arras.

The service of dedication followed, the Rev. Dr Wallace Williamson, ex-Moderator of the Church of Scotland, and the Rev. C. N. de Vine, M.C., officiating. The ceremony concluded with the Lord’s Prayer, in which all joined.

The Memorial was then unveiled by General Furse, who proceeded to deliver the following speech of dedication:—

“When the Ninth Scottish Division formed part of the victorious British Garrison on the Rhine, General Tudor, knowing it would shortly be demobilised, called together a representative conference to decide the most fitting manner of memorialising the service of the Division in the Great War. That conference decided—most wisely in my opinion—that we should have two memorials—first, a History of the Division; second, a Battlefield Monument.

“The History was completed and published fifteen months ago, and we are indebted to Major Ewing, of the King’s Own Scottish Borderers, for the admirable book he has given us.

“As to the Battlefield Monument, you have only to turn your eyes to the battle honours recorded on this cairn to realise that the site was not too easy to choose. We considered the claims of many places. Loos, where the Division—its three Infantry Brigades composed of the flower of Scottish manhood, who had left their Highland or Lowland homes in instant response to the call to arms—first experienced the shocking, awful realities, to units as well as to individuals, of a crashing battle, but proved to themselves and through themselves the amazing power of disciplined courage over terrifying opposition. Longueval and Delville Wood—that prolonged three weeks of the fiercest fighting, taking terrible toll daily—bodies mutilated and dying, but spirit ever alive and showing its noble endurance hour after hour and day after day—in the repeated attacks of the Lowlanders, in that glorious culminating counter-attack of the Highlanders, and in the hanging on of the unconquerable remnant of the splendid South African Brigade. In those three weeks we lost 7500 officers and men in the Division, and fully 60 per cent. of our Infantry. This again was a site peculiarly difficult to discard as the most appropriate for a monument to our beloved Division.

“It would take too long to recall other than very briefly the numerous exploits of the Division on other fields of France and Flanders—the disheartening but doughty struggles with mud and misadventure near the Butte de Warlencourt; the share taken by the Division in the heroic attacks towards Passchendaele under similarly ghastly conditions; the dogged ten days’ opposition to the great German advance in March 1918, where the Division had the supremely difficult task of linking the Fifth with the Third Army from Gauche Wood back to Albert; the stubborn defence and brilliant counter-attacks at Wytschaete and Messines during the following month; the capture of Meteren in July 1918 before the tide of war had begun to turn in our favour; and finally the succession of hard-fought victories in the open warfare of October 1918 from Ypres to the Scheldt. All these names are recorded on this cairn, that those who pass by may not think that the Ninth Division’s service was confined to this particular neighbourhood.

“The reason why we finally settled on this spot was that five years ago to-day the Ninth Division covered itself with conspicuous glory over the battle-ground we see to the west of us. Its success on that day was complete and convincing. This was indeed its Point du Jour! It was its third and final objective. It was won on the hour ordered. The Division on that day made a further advance, took more prisoners and at a comparatively smaller loss to itself than had fallen to the lot of any single Division in any single day up to that date in the War.

“Knowing that a special monument to the South African Brigade is to be set up at Delville Wood, and after balancing up all the comparative claims of this and other sites, we came to the conclusion that this one was the best. I can only trust that the majority of our comrades are satisfied with that decision. I believe them to be so satisfied with the form of the monument. For myself I am convinced that a Scottish cairn built of rough-hewn stones, such as these, is a more fitting monument to the rugged, simple, and enduring war service of soldiers than sculptured group or elaborate architecture. And though the Division embraced men of England, the Channel Islands, South Africa, and Newfoundland, and was therefore more truly Imperial in its composition than any other Division in the British Army, it must be remembered that it was born in Scotland, it was named after Scotland, it was fed throughout the four years of its active life in the main from Scotland; its symbol was the thistle of Scotland; and it is but right, therefore, that its monument should be fashioned in the form beloved of Scotland.

“May I say how much we are indebted to our architect, Mr Ian Hamilton, and to our builder, M. Bouchez, for the skill and care with which they have carried out the work.

“You will notice that our little plot is purposely left as the fighting left it. It will remain a visible portion of the battlefield until Nature succeeds in obliterating the scars of war. Only in one respect are we modifying it. By planting whins and broom and heather taken from various parts of its native land we hope to make ‘this corner of a foreign field’ a place ‘that is for ever’ Scotland, and arrangements have already been made with our friends in South Africa to send here plants typical of that country to mingle with the indigenous plants of Scotland, and thus symbolise the undying link between these two countries forged in the glowing heat of battle.

“We have here to-day representatives both of the commissioned and of the other ranks of almost every regiment that fought in the Division. Each one of us will be thinking of this and that particular comrade, of this or that incident in the wonderful life we lived together. What a life-time it was! To old or young a time absolutely apart from any former experience, a time that we shall always look back to with pride in our race, a pride born not only of a four years’ weaving of heroic examples of selfless devotion to a common ideal, but of a background of good cheer and good fellowship—the outcome, in my belief, of men, for that period at least, not fearing to show themselves at their very best!

“Our thoughts naturally turn in a particular way to those we shall never meet on earth again—friends who maybe were not widely known outside their own units, or others again whose name and reputation, by reason of their rank and responsibilities, were revered throughout the Division. May I just mention three or four? Scrase-Dickins—a Brigadier, loved and respected by his Lowlanders; Frank Maxwell—whose lovely personality, brilliant courage, and winning leadership inspired every officer and man in his brigade; Eric Gordon—whose trust in his beloved Black Watch was only equalled by their confidence in him; Smyth—known as a special friend to the Infantry while still in command of his 90th Company of Engineers, and later, the fearless leader of the King’s Own Scottish Borderers in one attack and counter-attack after another; and Dawson, who fought on with his handful of South Africans in March 1918 till literally overwhelmed from all sides. How many more gallant fellows could we all mention! May I recall yet one more name—one who still lives, and whose thoughts are, I know, with us here to-day—General Lukin. Had he been able to be with us in person, his should have been the honour of unveiling this cairn; for he was in command of the Division when it won its great success here five years ago and had the fortune of serving in the Division, first as Infantry Brigadier and then as Divisional Commander for nearly two years on end.

“Look once more at our inscription, and you will see that the cairn is erected to the memory not only of those who were killed, but of all who served in the Ninth Scottish Division. I have alluded already to the Highland, Lowland, and South African Brigades of Infantry. But, great and imperishable as their services were, they neither alone nor together constituted the Ninth Division. Without the help of the Artillery, the Engineers, the Machine-gun Corps, the Army Service Corps, the Field Ambulance, and the Divisional and Brigade Staffs, our splendid Infantry could not have done all they did, and the Division could not have won its high reputation. The longer the fighting went on, the more clear it became to all that unity of effort was essential to success, that the mere existence of a single _will_ to Victory was not good enough, but that all arms must work towards that goal together, must learn to accommodate each other, and that real co-operation involved mutual trust and fellowship. I do not believe that there was any Division in the whole Army in which this spirit of fellowship and good comradeship burnt more brightly, or achieved greater results. First of the new Divisions raised for the War, First of these Divisions to come to France, almost First in the respect won from a hard-fighting enemy, First to cross over on to German soil when victory had been achieved, the Ninth Scottish Division will, I am convinced, remain for all time First in the affections of those who had the real honour of serving in it. Ours was indeed a royal fellowship, not only of death but of service. I know not how many can claim a share in that fellowship, but we cannot and should not forget that in battle casualties alone the Division lost not less than one hundred per cent. in each year of its War Service of its full strength. It may be surely said of the Ninth Division that Scotland, as well as those other parts of the Empire from which it was recruited, is ‘poorer in men but richer in heroes.’”

General Furse then addressed the representatives of France:—

“Monsieur le Maire, Monsieur le Général, Mesdames et Messieurs. La cérémonie de l’inauguration de ce monument serait incomplête si je manquais l’occasion de vous adresser quelques paroles, très courtes mais très sincères, au nom de mon Comité et de tous mes camarades de la IX^{ième} Division (Ecossaise).

“Nous éprouvons un vif sentiment de plaisir, que vous, Monsieur le Maire, ainsi que vos collégues, ayez voulu vous joindre à nous aujourd’hui, pour honorer nos morts et tous ceux qui ont servi leur pays dans notre glorieuse Division. Nous nous réjouissons particulièrement de la présence de nos camarades d’Armes Français—le Général Huguenot et ses vaillants soldats. En plus, je tiens à vous dire combien l’Angleterre apprécie l’esprit généreux et hospitalier de la France, en permettant la construction de ces nombreux monuments de guerre, qui nous attachent par leur souvenir de plus en plus à son sol.

“Nous avons la certitude que nous mettons notre monument sacré entre des mains qui le soigneront fidèlement et tendrement, et nous éspérons qu’il servira à renforcer les sentiments d’affection et d’estime qui ont toujours existé entre la France et l’Ecosse, et que les citoyens d’Arras, en regardant l’inscription gravée sur ces pierres, n’oublieront jamais que les hommes de la IX^{ième} Division étaient fiers et heureux de donner tout ce qu’ils avaient de meilleur en eux pour aider à chasser l’ennemi de leur ville.”

General Furse was followed by M. Leroy, Mayor of Arras; M. Dupage, Mayor of St Laurent-Blangy; and M. Delatouche, Councillor of the Prefecture, who replied in turn.

The wreath-bearers then advanced two by two, and hung the wreaths upon the stone projections surrounding the cairn. They were followed by the representatives of the French societies, who deposited their flowers at the base of the cairn.

The ceremony terminated with the playing of “God Save the King” and “The Marseillaise,” after which the formal proceedings were at an end.

The party returned home the same evening, arriving in London on Monday morning.

The following is a list of those known to be present:—

Adamson, M. W., Esq. 9th M.G.C. Bache, W., Sergeant 9th Signal Co. (R.E.) Bates, J. Vincent, Major, M.C. R.A.M.C. (8th Black Watch) Bates, W. S., Esq. .... Beatson, T., Lieut. 7th Seaforth Highlanders. Beatson, Mrs A. M’Kay .... Beith, J. H., Major, C.B.E., M.C. 10th Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders. Brash, Miss Nellie .... Buchanan, N., Captain 7th Seaforth Highlanders. Callender, G. H., Major, M.C. 5th Cameron Highlanders and A.D.C. Callender, Mrs G. H. .... Cameron of Lochiel, Col., C.M.G. 5th Cameron Highlanders. Cameron, Mrs E. .... Campbell, Mrs A. C. .... Champion, A. G., Esq. R.A.M.C. Clark, B., Corporal Signal Co. (R.E.). Clarke, Mrs W. B. .... Cole, H. W., Esq. 9th Div. H.Q. (R.A.S.C.) Collins, Stanley, Esq., M.C. 9th D.A.C. Croft, W. D., Col., C.M.G., D.S.O. Scottish Rifles and 27th (Lowland) Brigade. Culliford, L. A., Captain, M.C. Royal Engineers. Darling, Will. Y., Captain, M.C. Royal Scots and Div. Staff. Davidson, H. Stuart, Esq. 7th Seaforth Highlanders. Denny, Mrs .... Dingley, L. A., Major R.A.M.C. Dufton, E. F., Captain, M.C. 5th Cameron Highlanders. Duncan, Mrs George .... Ewing, J., Major, M.C. 6th King’s Own Scottish Borderers. Fetherstonhaugh, T., Col., D.S.O. 9th Seaforth Highlanders. Furse, Sir W. T., Lt.-Gen., Divisional Commander. K.C.B., D.S.O. Furse, Lady, O.B.E. .... Furse, Roger, Esq. .... Geddes, G. F., Corporal 5th Cameron Highlanders. Geddes, T. A., Esq. .... Gibson, T. S., Captain, M.C. 10th Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders. Gibson, Mrs T. S. .... Gordon, Miss .... Gordon, Miss P. .... Greenaway, G. K., Lieut. 6th King’s Own Scottish Borderers. Greig, James B., Esq. .... Hastings, Captain Lord .... Hendry, G. A., Esq. .... Hennessy, A. R., Captain 8th Gordon Highlanders. Hoggart, J. W., Major, D.S.O., R.F.A. M.C. Holland, S. E., Col. Com., C.B., Rifle Brigade and General Staff. C.M.G., D.S.O. Horn, Mrs M. .... Jeffcoat, A. C., Brevet Col., Royal Fusiliers and Divisional C.B., C.M.G., D.S.O. Staff. Johnston, T. H., Esq. 5th Cameron Highlanders. Kelly, Talbot R. B., Lieut. R.F.A. Kennedy, J., Col., C.M.G., D.S.O. 10th A. & S. H., and 26th (Highland) Brigade. Lawrie, J. M., Pipe-Major 2nd Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders. Le Page, George, Esq. R.F.A. McCrae, D., Corporal 1st Cameron Highlanders. McCulley, J., Staff Sergt. 11th Royal Scots. Macdonald, K., Esq. .... McHardy, A. A., Col., C.B., Royal Artillery and Divisional C.M.G., D.S.O. Staff. McHardy, A. B., Esq. .... McHardy, Mrs A. A. B. .... McKenna, A., Private 10th Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders. Maclean, W., Col., C.M.G., R.F.A. D.S.O., M.P. Maclean, W., Major, M.C. 4th South African Scottish Regiment. Milligan, Rev. O., M.C. Chaplain, 9th Black Watch. Mitchell, S., L/Cpl. 2nd Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders. Muir, M. C., Major, M.C. 5th Cameron Highlanders. Murray, R. N. M., Captain, M.C. 8th Black Watch and A.D.C. Murray, J., Lt.-Col., D.S.O. 12th Royal Scots. Neil, W. H., Captain R.A.M.C. Norman, F. K., Major, M.C. R.A.S.C. Preece, R. J., C.Q.M.S. 106th Co. R.A.S.C. Rankine, G., Major, M.C. R.A.M.C. Renton, James, Esq. .... Richardson, Sergt.-Major R.A.M.C. Rodway, C. H. S., Sergt.-Major 9th Signal Co. (R.E.). Sempill, J., Lt.-Col. The 8th Black Watch. Rt. Hon. Lord Sinclair, G. H., Lieut. 9th Trench Mortar Battery. Smart, J., Piper 2nd Royal Scots. Smith, G., Sergeant, D.C.M., M.M. 6th King’s Own Scottish Borderers. Smith, W., Sergeant 2nd Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders. Somerville, John, Piper 2nd Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders. Sotheby, H. G., Lt.-Col., D.S.O., 10th Argyll and Sutherland M.V.O. Highlanders. Stanley, Hon. Sir Arthur, K.C.M.G. .... Stanley, Hon. Lady .... Stanley, Miss Adelaide .... Stanley, Edward, Esq. .... Staple, W. S. H., Captain, M.C. 6th King’s Own Scottish Borderers. Stewart, P. A. V., Lt.-Col., D.S.O. 6th King’s Own Scottish Borderers. Swinney, A., Corporal 2nd Royal Scots. Symons, Mrs Dorothy .... Symons, Miss .... Symons, Miss .... Taylor, F., Piper 1st Cameron Highlanders. Taylor, W. M., Pipe-Major 7th Seaforth Highlanders. Thesiger, Hon. Mrs F. .... Thompson, E., Sub-Conductor R.A.O.C. (South African Infantry). Tudor, H. H., Maj.-Gen., C.B., Divisional Commander. C.M.G. Tuton, J., Lieut., D.C.M. 11th Royal Scots. de Vine, Rev. C. N., M.C. Chaplain, 9th Division. Wallace Williamson, Dr A. Ex-Moderator Church of Scotland, Dean of the Thistle. Wilkie, D., Sergeant, D.C.M., M.M. 8th Gordon Highlanders. Wilson, A. T., Lieut. 11th Royal Scots. Wilson, D. J. B., Lieut. 5th Cameron Highlanders. Winchester, C. C., Lieut., M.C. 11th Royal Scots. Young, T., 1st Class Staff R.A.S.C. (South African Field Serg.-Maj. Ambulance).

PRINTED BY OLIVER AND BOYD, EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND.

FOOTNOTES:

[1] An A.S.C. Company was attached to each brigade: the 104th to the divisional troops, the 105th to the 26th, the 106th to the 27th, and the 107th to the 28th Brigade.

The divisional train was responsible for arranging matters of supply between the Division and the Corps concerned. The task of the supply column was to work between the railhead and the divisional A.S.C. and it formed part of the Division until 1917 when supply columns became Corps troops. The Battalion Quartermaster drew the supplies for his unit from the company attached to his brigade.

[2] The best account of life and training in the Division is contained in the well-known volume, _The First Hundred Thousand_, by Ian Hay, who was an officer in the 10th Argyll & Sutherland Highlanders.

[3] This was the result of an order issued by G.H.Q. fixing an age limit for Brigadiers.

[4] See _The First Hundred Thousand_, p. 280.

[5] “Minnie,” the popular name for German Trench Mortars, from Minenwerfer.

[6] On one occasion no horse was provided to take the Prince up to the trenches. He, therefore, borrowed one belonging to the machine-gun officer of the 27th Brigade, and it was afterwards known as “Prince.”

[7] So completely was the chance of success considered to depend upon the use of gas that the attack was to be cancelled if the wind was unfavourable; instead, a minor operation was to be carried out by the 7th Seaforths against the HOHENZOLLERN REDOUBT.

[8] On the left of the Ninth the Second Division had to carry out two operations: first, to capture the Givenchy salient, and second, and more important, to attack the German front line trenches and then move on Auchy. Should the latter attack succeed, the Second Division was to form the defensive flank of the Army as far as Haisnes, from which point it was to be carried on by the Ninth Division.

[9] It is common knowledge that at military concert parties the Staff shared with the Sergeant-Major and the Quartermaster the distinction of being the chief butt of the witticisms of the troupe. This is due partly to the British soldier’s inveterate love of “chaff,” and partly to the fact that the duties of the Staff officer, particularly in the higher formations, secured him comparative immunity from danger. The average infantryman was too much occupied with the ordinary details of his daily task ever to give any thought to the harassing and important duties that the Staff had to perform. Occasionally, of course, the latter made a bad slip. During the Battle of Arras, for example, a battalion in the 27th Brigade received a message to the effect that sacks for bayonet training were available! Such blunders were naturally cherished by the Regimental officer.

[10] The effect of the German gas attack in May had produced a powerful impression upon both the army and the public. Since that time the energies and experiments of British scientists and doctors had provided the army with an efficient protection consisting of a chemicalised canvas bag with two gas-proof openings for the eyes. In the event of an attack this bag was pulled over the head, its loose ends being tucked in round the neck and covered up by the tunic so that the gas found no aperture to evade the chemical barrier.

[11] See Map.

[12] Those opposite the Ninth Division belonged to the One hundred and seventeenth Division.

[13] Under the circumstances there could be nothing stronger than “belief”; it was impossible to go to the German lines to find out how many had been killed or wounded.

[14] The wire was fairly well cut by the 18-pounders wherever it was possible to observe it, but the stretch opposite the front of the 28th Brigade was invisible from any point on our side. It was, therefore, the more essential that the result of the artillery-fire in this part should have been ascertained by patrols.

[15] Brig.-General Bruce sent back by the machine-gun officer of his brigade an important account of the situation to Brig.-General Ritchie.

[16] In the course of the battle the Germans brought up the 2nd Guards Reserve Division, the 10th Bavarian Regiment, and a battalion of the 123rd Division.

[17] There is a good deal of obscurity as to what actually happened, but as the front of the Quarries had been wired by the sappers of the Seventh Division, and as troops of the Seventh Division were still holding out in the east of the Quarries when the western portions were in the hands of the enemy, it is certain that the Germans could have effected a lodgment only from the rear.

[18] The gallant record of the Twenty-fourth Division in the war after the Battle of Loos is a sufficient proof, if any were needed, that the failure of the 73rd Brigade at Loos was entirely due to inexperience.

[19] The machine-gun team never yielded a yard; the gun was destroyed by shell-fire, and all the members of the team were killed or wounded.

[20] Five officers and 168 other ranks were captured by the Division.

[21] Two German guns were left near the cottages at the Fosse. After dark on the 26th B/50 Battery took two limbers up to the cottages and brought back one of the guns; the other could not be found.

[22] “On leaving the I. Corps, the G.O.C. wishes to tell the Ninth Division that he thinks their conduct in the assault on the German lines was beyond all praise, and no words can express the value of their gallantry and self-sacrifice to our country.

“They showed during the heavy fighting not only great dash and courage, but endurance and discipline, and the highest qualities of a soldier.

“He can only wish them the best of all fortune in their future efforts, and he is sure that they will maintain the high standard as soldiers and men that they have already reached.”—(Order from I. Corps, dated 30th September 1915.)

[23] See Appendix IV.

[24] _Killed and Wounded_ (exclusive of subalterns).

6th K.O.S.B. lost 9 8th Black Watch ” 8 7th Seaforth Highlanders ” 8 8th Gordon Highlanders ” 8 6th Royal Scots Fusiliers ” 8 5th Cameron Highlanders ” 7 9th Scottish Rifles ” 6 11th Royal Scots ” 4 10th H.L.I ” 4 11th ” ” 4 12th Royal Scots ” 3 10th A. & S. H. ” 3

[25] There were many salients in the British line, but “The Salient” was Ypres.

[26] When the front trenches lay near each other, the artillery, in order to avoid hitting their own people, fired generally on the enemy’s support and rear trenches.

[27] That is, in numbers.

[28]

For each trench mortar bomb 1 salvo of 18-pounder H.E. ” enemy torpedo 2 salvos ” ” and 2 4·5-inch howitzers. ” enemy 5·9 shell 1 8-inch shell.

[29] Noises, alleged to be German mining on the Corps’ front, were actually traced to (_a_) revetting, (_b_) sentries stamping their feet, (_c_) rats burrowing on the parapet, (_d_) a loose beam or branch blown by the wind, (_e_) running water, (_f_) the beat of a man’s own heart, (_g_) a half-dead fly buzzing at the bottom of a hole (this was taken for a machine drill), and (_h_) actual mining.

[30] The machine-gun was reckoned to be equivalent to thirty rifles.

[31] Even under the most damping circumstances the men maintained a sense of humour. A platoon commander of the 12th Royal Scots on asking a man, standing in a water-logged trench, how he liked his surroundings, received the unexpected reply—“Weel, sir, this is no like Sauchiehall Street.”

[32] The Bangalore torpedo presented the appearance of a drain pipe. It was filled with ammonal and fired with a fuse. It was most effective in clearing a gap in wire, and could be made any size by joining several sections together.

[33] Targets were selected from the map, the guns being sited according to the estimated distance.

[34] The XIII. Corps was under the Fourth Army, commanded by General Sir H. Rawlinson, K.C.B.

[35] Sir Douglas Haig succeeded Sir John French as Commander-in-Chief in December 1915.

[36] In July 1916 the strength of the British Army in France was 660,000. Despatches, p. 19.

[37] Despatches, p. 19, para. 2, line 5.

[38] A Company wore red; B Company, yellow; C Company, blue; D Company, green.

[39] These were the 16th Bavarian Regiment and the 6th Bavarian Reserve Regiment of the Tenth Bavarian Division.

[40] Where it entered the village, this road was known as Pall Mall.

[41] During an engagement it was necessary to keep the infantry adequately supplied with ammunition, bombs, engineering material, rations, and water, so parties were always detailed to carry up these stores.

[42] The “creeping barrage” does not creep—it really jumps. At Longueval the line of the barrage moved forward 50 yards at a bound. To a distant observer, however, the barrage did seem to creep forward, hence the name.

During this Somme Battle the use of the creeping barrage became universal by the British Army in all its attacks. Shrapnel was generally used, but the Ninth Division, having taken to H.E. and having found it successful, stuck to it. Which was the better of the two was controversial to the end of the war. In the Ninth the opinion was that the H.E. barrage had greater moral effect, was easier to follow, and did not throw such a strain on the artillery that the setting of fuses for a shrapnel barrage necessitated.

[43]

1st Barrage 5 minutes till Zero. 2nd ” Zero ” Z. - 5 minutes. 3rd ” Z. - 5 mins. ” Z. - 45 ” 4th ” Z. - 45 ” ” Z. - 1.30. 5th ” Z. - 1.30. ” Z. - 2. 6th ” Z. - 2. ” Z. - 2.30. 7th ” Z. - 2.30. ” Z. - 3.9. 8th ” Z. - 3.9 ... ...

[44] “Ninth Division Special Order of the Day, dated 15/7/16.

“1. The Corps Commander has asked me to tell the members of my staff, the brigadiers and their staffs, and all regimental officers, N.C.Os. and men, that in his opinion the Ninth Division carried out a very difficult feat of arms yesterday finely, that the assembly by night of a Corps within assaulting distance of the entrenched lines of an active enemy, could only be effected by divisions in which the staff work and the discipline were alike perfect, and that he is grateful to all. This is indeed high praise from such a soldier, and I need not say how proud I am to be allowed to convey such praise to the Ninth Division.

“2. For myself, I can only say with the deepest gratitude that you have once more proved to me what a glorious Division I have the great honour to command. However good the staff work and however good the leading, it would be impossible to win success against such an enemy unless every officer, N.C.O. and man was ready at all times to do more than his duty. On this I can always rely in the Ninth Division.—W. T. FURSE.”

[45] Lieut.-Colonel Fulton took over the command of the 9th Scottish Rifles in March 1916.

[46] This was the Corps which the old Army fought at Le Cateau in 1914.

[47] The artillery remained in the line until the 27th July, during which period it effectively supported the attacks of the Third and Second Divisions on Longueval and Delville Wood, Brig.-General Tudor acting as C.R.A. to both these divisions.

[48] “As it will be impossible for me to speak personally to the Ninth Division, I desire to convey to every officer, N.C.O. and man, my thanks and congratulations for the splendid work the Division has done during the Battle of the Somme.

“The attack and capture of the hostile second line system of defence, and the village of Longueval on the 14th July, was a feat of arms which will rank high amongst the best military attainments of the British Army, whilst in the capture of Delville Wood, the gallantry, perseverance, and determination of the South African Brigade deserves the highest commendation.

“Not only has the fighting spirit of the infantry of the Division been admirable, but the manner in which the divisional artillery has helped and supported the infantry shows that a high degree of training has been attained, and it is with regret that I am informed that the Division is to be transferred to another army. I trust that at some future time I may again have the honour of finding them under my command.”

H. RAWLINSON, _General Commanding Fourth Army_.

H.Q., FOURTH ARMY, _25th July 1916_.

[49] There can be nothing stronger than assumption. The Germans used their divisions in battle for shorter spells than we did, and it is highly probable that we persistently overrated their casualties.

[50] Commanded by Lieut.-General Sir H. Wilson.

[51] Commanded by General Sir C. Monro.

[52] In September the artillery were reorganised on a basis of 6 guns per battery, the 53rd Brigade being broken up for this purpose. The Divisional Artillery then consisted of the 50th, 51st, and 52nd Brigades.

[53] Commanded by Lieut.-General Pulteney.

[54] The gloves were occasionally used, the jackets never.

[55] On this occasion the 47th Divisional Artillery and two brigades of the 1st Divisional Artillery supported the attack under the direct command of the C.R.A. 47th Division. Brig.-General Tudor acted as C.R.A. to General Furse.

[56] A “Chinese Attack” was not an attack; but the artillery put down the same sort of bombardment that was the usual prelude to an advance, moving by lifts over the enemy’s system and then suddenly coming back to his front line, and so catching his infantry when they were manning the trenches to repel the expected assault.

[57] Consisting of Bavarians of the 6th Bavarian Reserve Division.

[58] This was denied by the artillery, who suggested that the shells complained of were fired by the enemy; but many British fuses were found in the front trenches.

[59] These were Saxons of the 40th Division, which had relieved the Bavarians.

[60] Many dead South Africans were seen in front of Snag Trench by the 27th Brigade.

[61] Commanded by Lieut.-Colonel Sir George Abercromby since the 20th September; Lieut.-Colonel Gordon, D.S.O., was promoted to a brigade in the Forty-first Division.

[62] Here more might have been done to help the men by divisions in the line handing over stores to those taking over. It would have saved trouble if the ammunition for the machine-guns had been kept in sealed boxes and handed over; this plan was adopted later.

[63] The artillery stayed in and supported the attack by the Fiftieth Division on the Butte.

[64] Unfortunately long and constant strain had told on his health, and shortly after his appointment to the Thirty-seventh Division he was invalided to England.

[65] For his services in the war General Furse received the K.C.B. in June 1917.

[66] In _Three Years with the Ninth Division_ Lieut.-Colonel Croft discusses several questions of interest to C.Os.

[67] The barrage fell along three sides of a rectangle, screening the infantry from the front and the flanks.

[68] News from the very start was good. Brig.-General Tudor, who was in the trenches watching the raid, was in touch with the front line by telephone, and the only reports he received were, “One more penny”—“Two more pennies,” etc. “Penny” was the code word for prisoner.

[69] The following message was sent by Sir Douglas Haig on the 16th:—“Congratulate the Ninth Scottish Division, and particularly the 9th Scottish Rifles, on the success of their raid carried out on the 14th.”

[70] In the Ninth, however, it was thought that the principal factor was surprise, and the raid of the “Rifles” already referred to was undertaken to show that a preliminary bombardment was not necessary for success.

[71] At the end of January a party of the Division proceeding along the road to Arras was accosted by a Canadian soldier. “Hullo, what crowd are you?” “Ninth Division” was the reply, and then came the exclamation, “Huh! the scrappin’ Ninth.” The Canadian’s tone of mingled friendship, admiration, and uneasiness betrayed more clearly than any words his firm conviction that storm-troops were gathering for a battle.

[72] Haig’s Despatches, vol. i., p. 81.

[73]

14th Brigade R.H.A. 50th ” R.F.A. 51st ” R.F.A. 52nd ” A.F.A. (taken from the Ninth in January). 23rd ” A.F.A. 29th ” R.F.A. 32nd ” R.F.A.

[74] The enemy opposing us consisted of the 1st and 24th Bavarian Reserve Divisions.

[75] _A Short History of the Great War_, p. 257.

[76] The original Green Line consisted of the strongly-wired trenches immediately west and north of Fampoux. Shortly before the attack on the 9th April the final objective was altered so as to include the hostile positions just west of the Roeux-Gavrelle road and the village of Fampoux.

[77] Major Sir J. Campbell commanded the 11th, and Major Macpherson the 12th Royal Scots in this action.

[78] Brig.-General Tudor, who was assisting the Fourth Division, received news of the battle so late that he had no time to reconnoitre.

[79] On the 9th April D.H.Q. were at Etrun; they moved forward to St Nicholas only on the 12th April.

[80] General Lukin on 18th April suggested that the South African Brigade should be withdrawn from the Division on account of its weakness and its lack of reinforcements.

[81] While this chapter was being written, news came of the cold-blooded murder of this officer in the County Club, Cork, on the 17th July 1920 by a dozen so-called patriots.

If ever a man lived who deserved a fair field and a fair fight it was Colonel Smyth. A more gallant and honourable gentleman never lived. As a captain in the Royal Engineers he commanded the 90th Field Coy. R.E. in the Ninth Division till October 1916, when he was promoted to the command of the 6th K.O.S.B. In October 1918 he commanded the 93rd Brigade in the Thirty-first Division as a Brig.-General.

Major-General H. H. Tudor, when given command of the Police Forces in Ireland in June 1920, found Colonel Smyth in command again of a Field Coy. R.E. in Ireland, and, knowing his worth, secured his appointment as one of his deputy commissioners.

[82] Major Macpherson was wounded in the action of the 12th April, and the command of the battalion was taken over by Lieut.-Colonel Ritson.

[83] Commanded since the 3rd May by Major A. R. Innes Browne.

[84] These were the 3/10th Royal West Surrey Regiment, 3/10th Royal West Kent Regiment, 3/10th Middlesex Regiment.

[85] Commanded by Lieut.-General Sir E. A. Fanshawe.

[86] Now commanded by Lieut.-Colonel H. D. M. Maclean, the original C.O. of the battalion, who returned to France in August.

[87] Lieut.-Colonel W. Lumsden succeeded Lieut.-Colonel Fulton at the end of July.

[88] Commanded since April by Lieut.-Colonel Macleod.

[89] Temporarily commanded by Major Cochran.

[90] Lieut.-Colonel Croft was promoted to the command of a brigade a few days before the battle, and the battalion was now commanded by Lieut.-Colonel Sir J. Campbell.

[91] 32 officers, 312 other ranks.

[92] Commanded by General Sir Ivor Maxse.

[93] See Map.

[94] Commanded by Lieut.-Colonel R. W. Hadow since September.

[95] Commanded since the beginning of October by Lieut.-Colonel A. G. M. M. Crichton.

[96] Commanded in this action by Major Scott.

[97] The enemy opposing the division on this occasion was the Sixteenth Division, which had the honour of being classed by our G.H.Q. as a first-rate division.

[98] Commanded in this action by Major A. R. Innes Browne.

[99] On leaving the Fifth Army the Division received the following message from General Sir Hubert Gough:—

“The Ninth Division has fought splendidly while it has been in the Fifth Army and maintained the great reputation of the Scottish Divisions in France. The Division achieved a very notable success on 20th September and played a gallant part during the severe fighting of 12th October. In spite of the casualties sustained and the demands made upon the men’s endurance during the past six weeks, the Division’s moral remains as high as ever. Well done, everybody!”

[100] Commanded by Sir W. Congreve, V.C.

[101] Later General Lukin was awarded the K.C.B., an honour which gave much gratification to the Division.

[102] The 2nd Regiment was now commanded by Lieut.-Colonel Christian. Lieut.-Colonel Tanner was promoted to the command of the 8th Brigade (Third Division).

[103] Lieut.-Colonel Horn of the 7th Seaforths took over the command of the Army Musketry Camp on the 18th October; the battalion was commanded by Major P. C. Anderson during the retreat.

Lieut.-Colonel Crichton left the Camerons in March, and was succeeded by Lieut.-Colonel J. Inglis.

[104] Lieut.-Colonel Sir J. Campbell being on leave, the 11th Royal Scots were commanded by Major A. C. Campbell during the retreat.

Lieut.-Colonel Maclean left the K.O.S.B. in October 1917, and was succeeded by Lieut.-Colonel Smyth, who returned to France at the end of September.

[105] The 18th Division, for example, after holding the Villers-Guislain-Gonnelieu sector for fourteen days was relieved on the 3rd March by the 107th Division, a prisoner from which said that his division had undergone intensive training for an attack and break through.

[106] The northern attack was entrusted to the 17th Army, the southern to the 2nd and 18th Armies.

[107] For a clear, full, and concise account of the boundary question between the Fifth and Third Armies, see article in the April (1920) number of the _National Review_, entitled, the “Epic of the Ninth Division,” by W. S. Sparrow.

[108] “After being captured at La Motte, near Corbie, I was taken to the German Battalion H.Q. for examination by an intelligence officer. In the course of this examination the officer asked me if I knew the Ninth Division; he said that the fight it put up was considered one of the best on the whole front, and particularly the last stand of the South African Brigade at (I think) Moislains, which, he said, was magnificent. Both men and officers fought to the last against overwhelming odds, the brigadier himself being taken, firing a machine-gun whilst his brigade major was killed beside him.

“After this conversation I was sent to Le Cateau, and on the way many German officers spoke to me and all mentioned the splendid fight put up by the South Africans.

“On reaching Le Cateau, I met two officers (British), who said that whilst their party was being marched to this place, they were stopped by the Kaiser, who asked if anyone present belonged to the Ninth Division. The Kaiser then said that had all divisions fought as well as the Ninth Division he would have had no more troops to carry on his attack with.”

[109] W. S. Sparrow in “The Epic of the Ninth Division.”

[110] “Great gallantry has been shown by the troops engaged in the fighting in this area and to the south of it. The Nineteenth and Ninth Divisions have distinguished themselves by the valour of their defence.”

(_Extract from Communiqué published by the Press on the 25th March._)

[111] The 1st Regiment was commanded by Lieut.-Colonel Young; the 2nd Regiment by Captain Jacobs; and the 4th Regiment by Captain Reid.

[112] Commanded since the 7th April by Lieut.-Colonel the Honourable David Bruce.

[113] Under the command of Lieut.-Colonel H. W. M. Bamford of the 2nd Regiment.

[114] The K.O.S.B. had been commanded by Major Innes Brown since the 24th March; he was killed at Hill 60 on the 10th April, and was succeeded first by Lieut.-Colonel Chamberlain, and then by Major H. J. Wilkie.

[115] “Three weeks ago to-day the enemy began his terrific attack against us on a fifty-mile front. His objects are to separate us from the French, to take the Channel Ports, and destroy the British Army. In spite of throwing already 106 divisions into the battle and enduring the most reckless sacrifice of human life, he has as yet made little progress towards his goals.

“We owe this to the determined fighting and self-sacrifice of our troops. Words fail me to express the admiration which I feel for the splendid resistance offered by all ranks of our Army under the most trying circumstances.

“Many amongst us now are tired. To those I would say, that victory will belong to the side which holds out the longest. The French Army is moving rapidly and in great force to our support. There is no other course open to us but to fight it out.

“Every position must be held to the last man. There must be no retirement. With our backs to the wall and believing in the justice of our cause, each one of us must fight to the end. The safety of our homes and the freedom of mankind depend alike upon the conduct of each one of us at this critical moment.”

(_Special Order issued by Field-Marshal Sir Douglas Haig on 12th April._)

[116] “Farther north a heavy attack launched by the enemy this morning against our lines in the neighbourhood of Wytschaete and Hollebeke (the Messines Ridge) was completely repulsed by the Ninth Division with great loss to the enemy.”

(_Extract from the official Communiqué of the 11th April._)

Before this appeared the Corps Commander informed the G.O.C. that Sir Douglas Haig and Marshal Foch fully appreciated the valuable work performed by the Division. This was communicated to units in the following message:—

“The Corps Commander wishes it to be known that the Commander-in-Chief, in course of conversation with him, said that it was mainly due to the stubborn resistance of the Ninth Division that the Army was now in a position to hold on to the present line. If the Ninth Division had not held on there would have been no alternative but to retire a long way back. He also stated that General Foch fully appreciated what had been done by the Ninth Division.”—No. A. 9837/12, 17/4/18.

[117] “Please convey to General Tudor and to all ranks of the Ninth Division my deepest appreciation of the great gallantry displayed by them during many days of severe fighting north of the Lys. In the stubborn struggle for the Ridge at Wytschaete, with which their name will always be associated, as well as on many other occasions, they have shown the same high qualities which distinguished them throughout the Battle south of Arras, and have most worthily upheld the traditions of the British Army.”

(_Ninth Division_, No. A. 9827/28.)

[118] After the fighting near Kemmel Lieut.-Colonel J. Colchester Wemyss commanded the battalion until Lieut.-Colonel Smyth returned at the end of May.

[119] In June Lieut.-Colonel Ritson left for England and the battalion from the time it went into the line near the end of May was commanded by Lieut.-Colonel J. Murray.

[120] 1 field-gun, captured at Gaza Cross Roads; 6 heavy trench mortars; 6 light trench mortars; 11 heavy machine-guns; 36 light machine-guns; 1 stick-bomb thrower.

[121] 20 heavy machine-guns, 22 light machine-guns, 342 rifles.

[122] “I wish to express to you and to your officers, warrant officers, N.C.Os. and men of the brigade under your command my great regret that the exigencies of the Service prevented me seeing you all personally before you were transferred from the Ninth Division in order to say good-bye. For two and a half years your brigade has shared the fortunes of the Ninth Division. At Delville Wood, at Arras, at Ypres, in the Somme retreat, and finally at Meteren, it has fully contributed in establishing and maintaining the glorious record of this Division. The South African Brigade bore the brunt of the attack on the divisional front in March 1918, and its final stand at Bouchavesnes on 24th March, when it held out all day until all ammunition was exhausted, will live as one of the bravest feats of arms in the war. The cheery keenness and comradeship with which the South African Brigade has always worked and fought will be very much missed by me personally and by all the Ninth Division. We wish you and your brigade the best of fortune, and know that you will always fully maintain the splendid name you have earned.”

(_General Tudor’s Letter to Brig.-General Tanner._)

[123] Commanded by Lieut.-Colonel French since August.

[124] The 28th Brigade was given a narrower front in the advance to the first objective in order to ensure that a sufficient force would still be in hand, after Frezenberg Ridge was reached, to press home the attack along the main ridge, most of which lay within the right brigade sector.

[125] Owing to the small number of field-guns per yard (one gun to about 45 yards) the Division had to depend chiefly on smoke for the barrage, and the guns fired two rounds of smoke to one of H.E.

[126] A great deal of trouble had been taken to arrange the right hour for zero, but all the calculations of the Divisional Staff were completely upset by the fact that the morning was cloudy with drizzling rain.

[127] The 28th Brigade A.F.A. was attached to the Division.

[128] The 6th and 7th Cavalry Divisions, consisting of men of fine physique, who, according to their own statements, were known as the “War-prolongers” because they remained full of fight while the resisting power of other German troops was diminishing.

[129] The cavalry in reserve consisted of the 3rd French Cavalry Brigade, which, however, was not under the orders of the G.O.C. Ninth Division.

[130] A tribute greatly cherished by the Division was received from General C. W. Jacobs in a Special Order issued on the 3rd October:—

“As the first phase of the operations which began on the 28th September 1918 is over, I wish to express to you and all ranks of the Ninth Division my gratitude and thanks for the splendid work which has been achieved.

“The Ninth Division was specially selected to carry out the attack on the left flank of the British Second Army and to cover the right flank of the Belgian Army attack. The objectives given were rather more distant than those we have attempted hitherto in Flanders, but, owing to the splendid leading of yourself and the officers of all units, not only were all those objectives gained, but you broke right through the enemy’s line to a depth of 9¼ miles. In 1917 it took our Army over three months to get only half that distance, and at great cost. The Ninth Division has done it, and a great deal more, in twenty-four hours. What further evidence is required of the magnificence of this exploit?

“The Ninth Division has done splendidly all through the war, but these last operations will be considered by history to have eclipsed all their previous performances. In the last few days the conditions have been trying and you have had to beat off many counter-attacks. The weather has been bad and shelter has been very scanty. Yet the spirit of all ranks has always kept at a high level and you have upheld the splendid traditions of the British Army and of the Division in particular.”

[131] These earned another “mention” for the Division. “In these successful operations the Ninth Division, forming part of the command of General Jacobs’ II. Corps, has again fought with great distinction.”

(_Extract from official Communiqué, 16th October._)

[132] This however was practically impossible when the crossing was not to be carried out simultaneously by the attacking divisions.

[133] Major King who was commanding the Royal Scots Fusiliers was wounded near Belgiek, and the command of the battalion was taken over by Captain J. S. Glass.

[134] On the 23rd Lieut.-Colonel R. Campbell, D.S.O., who had seen a great deal of service with the Fifty-first Division, took over the command of the battalion.

[135] Prisoners captured, 54 officers, 2555 other ranks; guns captured, 64.

[136] Near the end of October a staff officer of the Ninth went to the Divisional Signals Office to find out if there was any news. The answer was “Yes, sir, Austria has thrown in her ‘mit.’” It was thus that a phlegmatic Scottish soldier announced the fall of the ancient Empire of the Hapsburgs, the oldest reigning family in Europe and heirs of the Holy Roman Empire!

[137] The fact that some Germans were relieved of their watches may have been due to a custom that had sprung up during four years of war, or to some confusion of mind about the “Watch on the Rhine”!

[138] The sight of a field ambulance racing through the streets of Cologne, with the R.A.M.C. men running breathlessly behind it, in order to reach its position in time is believed to have enormously impressed the citizens.

[139] See Appendix VIII.

[140] See Appendix IV.

[141] The A.S.C. became R.A.S.C. 25/11/18. A.O. (362/1918.)

TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE

Obvious typographical errors and punctuation errors have been corrected after careful comparison with other occurrences within the text and consultation of external sources.

Some hyphens in words have been silently removed, some added, when a predominant preference was found in the original book.

All times have been made consistent using a decimal point and not a mid-dot eg 6.35 A.M. All calibre sizes have been made consistent using a mid-dot eg 3·7-inch.

The table in Appendix VII and the List of Illustrations in the Addendum both have an asterisk Note placed at the bottom of the table (not a Footnote).

Except for those changes noted below, all misspellings in the text, and inconsistent or archaic usage, have been retained.

Pg xi: ‘Lo s of Fosse’ replaced by ‘Loss of Fosse’. Pg xvii: ‘Law e Farm’ replaced by ‘Lawrence Farm’. Pg 21: ‘No. 8-Haisnes’ replaced by ‘No. 8—to Haisnes’. Pg 115: ‘At 5.5 ’ replaced by ‘At 5.50’. Pg 154: ‘for 2.5 ’ replaced by ‘for 2.50’. Pg 187: ‘at 6.4 ’ replaced by ‘at 6.40’. Pg 187: ‘by 1.2 ’ replaced by ‘by 1.20’. Pg 336: ‘near Metern’ replaced by ‘near Meteren’. Pg 403: ‘” to Armistice’ replaced by ‘” Armistice’. Pg 420: ‘Beauchamp Ridge’ replaced by ‘Beaucamp Ridge’.

Memorial Addendum Pg 14: ‘Le Mutilés’ replaced by ‘Les Mutilés’.