Part 20

=Paix des Dames= (_La_), the treaty of peace concluded at Cambray in 1529, between François I. of France and Karl V., emperor of Germany. So called because it was mainly negotiated by Louise of Savoy (mother of the French king), and Margaret, the emperor’s aunt.

=Palabras Carinosas.=

“Good-night! I have to say good-night To such a host of peerless things! Good-night unto the fragile hand All queenly with its weight of rings; Good-night to fond uplifted eyes, Good-night to chestnut braids of hair, Good-night unto the perfect mouth And all the sweetness nestled there,-- The snowy hand detains me,--then I’ll have to say Good-night again!”

Thomas Bailey Aldrich, _Poems_, 1858-84.

=Paladore=, a Briton in the service of the king of Lombardy. One day, in a boar-hunt, the boar turned on the Princess Sophia, and, having gored her horse to death, was about to attack the lady, but was slain by the young Briton. Between these two young people a strong attachment sprang up; but the Duke Bire´no, by an artifice of false impersonation, induced Paladore to believe that the princess was a wanton, and had the audacity to accuse her as such to the senate. In Lombardy, the punishment for this offence was death, and the princess was ordered to execution. Paladore, having learned the truth, accused the duke of villainy. They fought, and Bireno fell. The princess, being cleared of the charge, married Paladore.--Robert Jephson, _The Law of Lombardy_ (1779).

=Palame´des= (4 _syl._), son of Nauplios, was, according to Suidas, the inventor of dice. (See ALEA.)

_Palamedes_ (_Sir_), a Saracen, who adored Isolde, the wife of King Mark of Cornwall. Sir Tristram also loved the same lady, who was his aunt. The two “lovers” fought, and Sir Palamedês, being overcome, was compelled to turn Christian. He was baptized, and Sir Tristram stood his sponsor at the font.--Thomas of Erceldoune, called “The Rhymer,” _Sir Tristram_ (thirteenth century).

=Palame´des of Lombardy=, one of the allies of the Christian army in the first crusade. He was shot by Corinda with an arrow (bk. xi.).--Tasso, _Jerusalem Delivered_ (1575).

=Palamon and Arcite= (2 _syl._), two young Theban knights, who fell into the hands of Duke Theseus (2 _syl._), and were by him confined in a dungeon at Athens. Here they saw the duke’s sister-in-law, Emily, with whom both fell in love. When released from captivity, the two knights told to the duke their tale of love; and the duke promised that whichever proved the victor in single combat, should have Emily for his prize. Arcite prayed to Mars “for victory,” and Palamon to Venus that he might “obtain the lady,” and both their prayers were granted. Arcite won the victory, according to his prayer, but, being thrown from his horse, died; so Palamon, after all, “won the lady,” though he did not win the battle.--Chaucer, _Canterbury Tales_ (“The Knight’s Tale,” 1388).

This tale is taken from the _Le Teseide_ of Boccaccio.

_The Black Horse_, a drama by John Fletcher, is the same tale. Richard Edwards has a comedy called _Palæmon and Arcyte_ (1566).

=Pale= (_The_), or THE ENGLISH PALE, a part of Ireland, including Dublin, Meath, Carlow, Kilkenny and Louth.

=Pale Faces.= So the American Indians call the European settlers.

=Pale´mon=, son of a rich merchant. He fell in love with Anna, daughter of Albert, master of one of his father’s ships. The purse-proud merchant, indignant at this, tried every means to induce his son to abandon such a “mean connection,” but without avail; so at last he sent him in the _Britannia_ (Albert’s ship) “in charge of the merchandise.” The ship was wrecked near Cape Colonna, in Attica; and although Palēmon escaped, his ribs were so broken that he died almost as soon as he reached the shore.

A gallant youth, Palemon was his name, Charged with the commerce hither also came; A father’s stern resentment doomed to prove, He came, the victim of unhappy love.

Falconer, _The Shipwreck_, i. 2 (1756).

=Pale´mon and Lavinia=, a poetic version of Boaz and Ruth. “The lovely young Lavinia” went to glean in the fields of young Palemon, “the pride of swains;” and Palemon, falling in love with the beautiful gleaner, both wooed and won her.--Thomson, _The Seasons_ (“Autumn,” 1730).

=Pales= (2 _syl._), god of shepherds and their flocks.--_Roman Mythology._

Pomōna loves the orchard; And Liber loves the vine; And Palês loves the straw-built shed, Warm with the breath of kine.

Lord Macaulay, _Lays of Ancient Rome_ (“Prophecy of Capys,” 1842).

=Pal´inode= (3 _syl._), a shepherd in Spenser’s _Eclogues_. In ecl. v. Palinode represents the Catholic priest. He invites Piers (who represents the Protestant clergy) to join in the fun and pleasures of May. Piers then warns the young man of the vanities of the world, and tells him of the great degeneracy of pastoral life, at one time simple and frugal, but now discontented and licentious. He concludes with the fable of the kid and her dam. The fable is this: A mother-goat, going abroad for the day, told her kid to keep at home, and not to open the door to strangers. She had not been gone long when up came a fox, with head bound from “headache,” and foot bound from “gout,” and carrying a ped of trinkets. The fox told the kid a most piteous tale, and showed her a little mirror. The kid, out of pity and vanity, opened the door; but while stooping over the ped to pick up a little bell, the fox clapped down the lid and carried her off.

In ecl. vii. Palinode is referred to by the shepherd Thomalin, as “lording it over God’s heritage,” feeding the sheep with chaff, and keeping for himself the grains.--Spenser, _Shepheardes Calendar_ (1572).

_Palinode_ (3 _syl._), a poem in recantation of a calumny. Stesich´oros wrote a bitter satire against Helen, for which her brothers, Castor and Pollux, plucked out his eyes. When, however, the poet recanted, his sight was restored to him again.

The bard who libelled Helen in his song, Recanted after, and redressed the wrong.

Ovid, _Art of Love_, iii.

Horace’s _Ode_, xvi. i. is a palinode. Samuel Butler has a palinode, in which he recanted what he said in a previous poem of the Hon. Edward Howard. Dr. Watts recanted in a poem the _praise_ he had previously bestowed on Queen Anne.

=Palinu´rus=, the pilot of Æne´as. Palinurus, sleeping at the helm, fell into the sea and was drowned. The name is employed as a generic word for a steersman or pilot, and sometimes for a chief minister. Thus, Prince Bismarck might have been called the palinurus of William, emperor of Germany and king of Prussia.

More had she spoke, but yawned. All nature nods ... E’en Palinurus nodded at the helm.

Pope, _The Dunciad_, iv. 614 (1742).

=Palisse= (_La_), a sort of M. Prudhomme; a pompous utterer of truisms and moral platitudes.

=Palissy= (_Bernard, the potter_), succeeded, after innumerable efforts and privations, in inventing the art of enamelling stone ware. He was arrested and confined in the Bastille for Huguenot principles, and died there in 1589.

=Palla´dio= (_Andrea_), the Italian classical architect (1518-1580).

_The English Palladio_, Inigo Jones (1573-1653).

=Palla´dium.=

_Of Ceylon_, the deláda or tooth of Buddha, preserved in the Malegawa temple at Kandy. Natives guard it with great jealousy, from a belief that whoever possesses it acquires the right to govern Ceylon. When, in 1815, the English obtained possession of the tooth, the Ceylonese submitted to them without resistance.

_Of Eden Hall_, a drinking-glass, in the possession of Sir Christopher Musgrave, Bart., of Edenhall, Cumberland.

_Of Jerusalem._ Aladine, king of Jerusalem, stole an image of the Virgin, and set it up in a mosque, that she might no longer protect the Christians, but become the palladium of Jerusalem. The image was rescued by Sophronia, and the city taken by the crusaders.

_Of Meg´ara_, a golden hair of King Nisus. Scylla promised to deliver the city into the hands of Minos, and cut off the talismanic lock of her father’s head while he was asleep.

_Of Rome_, the ancīle or sacred buckler which Numa said fell from heaven, and was guarded by priests called Salii.

_Of Scotland_, the great stone of Scone, near Perth, which was removed by Edward I. to Westminster, and is still there, preserved in the coronation chair.

_Of Troy_, a colossal wooden statue of Pallas Minerva, which “fell from heaven.” It was carried off by the Greeks, by whom the city was taken, and burned to the ground.

=Pallet=, a painter, in Smollett’s novel of _Peregrine Pickle_ (1751).

The absurdities of Pallet are painted an inch thick, and by no human possibility could such an accumulation of comic disasters have befallen the characters of the tale.

=Pal´merin of England=, the hero and title of a romance in chivalry. There is also an inferior one entitled _Palmerin d’Oliva._

The next two books were _Palmerin d’Ol´iva_ and _Palmerin of England_. “The former,” said the curé, “shall be torn in pieces and burnt to the last ember; but _Palmerin of England_ shall be preserved as a relique of antiquity, and placed in such a chest as Alexander found amongst the spoils of Darius, and in which he kept the writings of Homer. This same book is valuable for two things: first, for its own especial excellency, and next because it is the production of a Portuguese monarch, famous for his literary talents. The adventures of the castle of Miraguarda therein, are finely imagined, the style of composition is natural and elegant, and the utmost decorum is preserved throughout.”--Cervantes, _Don Quixote_, I. i. 6 (1605).

=Palmi´ra=, daughter of Alcānor, chief of Mecca. She and her brother, Zaphna, were taken captives in infancy, and brought up by Mahomet. As they grew in years they fell in love with each other, not knowing their relationship; but when Mahomet laid siege to Mecca, Zaphna was appointed to assassinate Alcanor, and was himself afterwards killed by poison. Mahomet then proposed marriage to Palmira, but to prevent such an alliance, she killed herself.--James Miller, _Mahomet, the Impostor_ (1740).

=Pal´myrene= (_The_), Zenobia, queen of Palmyra, who claimed the title of “Queen of the East.” She was defeated by Aurelian, and taken prisoner (A.D. 273). Longinus lived at her court, and was put to death on the capture of Zenobia.

The Palmyrene that fought Aurelian.

Tennyson, _The Princess_, ii. (1847).

=Pal´omides= (_Sir_), son and heir of Sir Astlabor. His brothers were Sir Safire and Sir Segwar´idês. He is always called the Saracen, meaning “unchristened.” Next to the three great knights (Sir Launcelot, Sir Tristram, and Sir Lamorake), he was the strongest and bravest of the fellowship of the Round Table. Like Sir Tristram, he was in love with La Belle Isond, wife of King Mark, of Cornwall; but the lady favored the love of Sir Tristram, and only despised that of the Saracen knight. After his combat with Sir Tristram, Sir Palomides consented to be baptized by the bishop of Carlisle (pt. iii. 28).

He was well made, cleanly and bigly, and neither too young nor too old. And though he was not christened, yet he believed in the best manners, and was faithful and true of his promise, and also well conditioned. He made a vow that he would never be christened unto the time that he achieved the beast Glatisaint.... And also he avowed never to take full christendom unto the time that he had done seven battles within the lists.--Sir T. Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_, ii. 149 (1470).

=Pam=, Henry John Temple, viscount Palmerston (1784-1865).

=Pam´ela.= Lady Edward Fitzgerald is so called (*-1831).

_Pam´ela_ [ANDREWS], a simple, unsophisticated country girl, the daughter of two aged parents, and maid-servant of a rich young squire, called B, who tries to seduce her. She resists every temptation, and at length marries the young squire, and reforms him. Pamela is very pure and modest, bears her afflictions with much meekness, and is a model of maidenly prudence and rectitude. The story is told in a series of letters which Pamela sends to her parents.--S. Richardson, _Pamela_, or _Virtue Rewarded_ (1740).

The pure and modest character of the English maiden [_Pamela_] is so well maintained, ... her sorrows and afflictions are borne with so much meekness; her little intervals of hope ... break in on her troubles so much like the specks of blue sky through a cloudy atmosphere--that the whole recollection is soothing, tranquilizing, and doubtless edifying.--Sir W. Scott.

_Pamela_ is a work of much humbler pretensions than _Clarissa Harlowe_.... A simple country girl whom her master attempts to seduce, and afterwards marries.... The wardrobe of poor Pamela, her gown of sad-colored stuff, and her round-eared caps; her various attempts at escape, and the conveyance of her letters; the hateful character of Mrs. Jewkes, and the fluctuating passions of her master before the better part of his nature obtains ascendancy--these are all touched with the hand of a master.--Chambers, _English Literature_, ii. 161.

=Pamina and Tam´ino=, the two lovers who were guided by “the magic flute” through all worldly dangers to the knowledge of divine truth (or the mysteries of Iris).--Mosart,[TN-61] _Die Zauberflöte_ (1790).

=Pamphlet= (_Mr._), a penny-a-liner. His great wish was “to be taken up for sedition.” He writes on both sides, for as he says, he has “two hands, _ambo dexter_.”

“Time has been,” he says, “when I could turn a penny by an earthquake, or live upon a jail distemper, or dine upon a bloody murder; but now that’s all over--nothing will do now but roasting a minister, or telling the people they are ruined. The people of England are never so happy as when you tell them they are ruined.”--Murphy, _The Upholsterer_, ii. 1 (1758).

=Pan=, Nature personified, especially the vital crescent power of nature.

Universal Pan. Knit with the Graces and the Hours in dance, Led on the eternal spring.

Milton, _Paradise Lost_, iv. 266, etc. (1665).

_Pan_, in Spenser’s ecl. iv., is Henry VIII., and “Syrinx” is Anne Boleyn. In ecl. v. “Pan” stands for Jesus Christ in one passage, and for God the Father in another.--Spenser, _Shepheardes Calendar_ (1572).

_Pan_ (_The Great_), François M. A. de Voltaire; also called “The Dictator of Letters” (1694-1778).

=Pancaste= (3 _syl._), or CAMPASPE, one of the concubines of Alexander the Great. Apellés fell in love with her while he was employed in painting the king of Macedon, and Alexander, out of regard to the artist, gave her to him for a wife. Apellês selected for his “Venus Rising from the Sea” (usually called “Venus Anadyomĕnê”) this beautiful Athenian woman, together with Phrynê, another courtezan.

⁂ Phrynê was also the academy figure for the “Cnidian Venus” of Praxitĕlês.

=Pancks=, a quick, short, eager, dark man, with too much “way.” He dressed in black and rusty iron grey; had jet-black beads for eyes, a scrubby little black chin, wiry black hair striking out from his head in prongs like hair-pins, and a complexion that was very dingy by nature, or very dirty by art, or a compound of both. He had dirty hands, and dirty, broken nails, and looked as if he had been in the coals. He snorted and sniffed, and puffed and blew, and was generally in a perspiration. It was Mr. Pancks who “moled out” the secret that Mr. Dorrit, imprisoned for debt in the Marshalsea prison, was heir-at-law to a great estate, which had long lain unclaimed, and was extremely rich (ch. xxxv.). Mr. Pancks also induced Clennam to invest in Merdle’s bank shares, and demonstrated by figures the profit he would realize; but the bank being a bubble the shares were worthless.--C. Dickens, _Little Dorrit_ (1857).

=Pancrace=, a doctor of the Aristotelian school. He maintained that it was improper to speak of the “_form_ of a hat,” because form “est la disposition extérieure des corps qui sont animés,” and therefore we should say the “_figure_ of a hat,” because figure “est la disposition extérieure des corps qui sont inanimés;” and because his adversary could not agree, he called him “un ignorant, un ignorantissime, ignorantifiant, et ignorantifiè”[TN-62] (sc. viii.).--Molière, _Le Mariage Forcé_ (1664).

=Pancras= (_The earl of_), one of the skillful companions of Barlow, the famous archer; another was called the “Marquis of Islington;” while Barlow himself was mirthfully created by Henry VIII., “Duke of Shoreditch.”

_Pancras_ (_St._), patron saint of children, martyred by Diocletian at the age of 14 (A.D. 304).

=Pan´darus=, the Lycian, one of the allies of Priam in the Trojan war. He is drawn under two widely different characters: In classic story he is depicted as an admirable archer, slain by Diomed, and honored as a hero-god in his own country; but in mediæval romance he is represented as a despicable pimp, insomuch that the word _pander_ is derived from his name. Chaucer, in his _Troïlus and Cresseide_, and Shakespeare, in his drama of _Troilus and Cressida_, represent him as procuring for Troilus the good graces of Cressid, and in _Much Ado About Nothing_, it is said that Troilus “was the first employer of pandars.”

=Pandemo´nium=, “the high capital of Satan and his peers.” Here the infernal parliament was held, and to this council Satan convened the fallen angels to consult with him upon the best method of encompassing the “fall of man.” Satan ultimately undertook to visit the new world; and, in the disguise of a serpent, he tempted Eve to eat of the forbidden fruit.--Milton, _Paradise Lost_, ii. (1665).

=Pandi´on=, king of Athens, father of Procnê and Philome´la.

None take pity on thy pain; Senseless trees, they cannot hear thee; Ruthless bears, they will not cheer thee; King Pandion he is dead; All thy friends are lapped in lead.

Richard Barnfield, _Address to the Nightingale_ (1594).

=Pandolf= (_Sir Harry_), the teller of whole strings of stories, which he repeats at every gathering. He has also a stock of _bon-mots_. “Madam,” said he, “I have lost by you to-day.” “How so, Sir Harry!” replies the lady. “Why, madam,” rejoins the baronet, “I have lost an excellent appetite.” “This is the thirty-third time that Sir Harry hath been thus arch.”

We are constantly, after supper, entertained with the Glastonbury Thorn. When we have wondered at that a little, “Father,” saith the son, “let us have the Spirit in the Wood.” After that, “Now tell us how you served the robber.” “Alack!” saith Sir Harry, with a smile, “I have almost forgotten that; but it is a pleasant conceit, to be sure;” and accordingly he tells that and twenty more in the same order over and over again.--Richard Steele.

=Pandolfe= (2 _syl._), father of Lélie.--Molière, _L’Etourdi_ (1653).

=Pando´ra=, the “all-gifted woman.” So called because all the gods bestowed some gift on her to enhance her charms. Jove sent her to Prometheus for a wife, but Hermês gave her in marriage to his brother, Epime´theus (4 _syl._). It is said that Pandora enticed the curiosity of Epimetheus to open a box in her possession, from which flew out all the ills that flesh is heir to. Luckily the lid was closed in time to prevent the escape of Hope.

More lovely than Pandora, whom the gods Endowed with all their gifts, ... to the unwiser son Of Japhet brought by Hermês, she ensnared Mankind with her fair looks, to be avenged On him [_Promētheus_] who had stole Jove’s ... fire.

Milton, _Paradise Lost_, iv. 714, etc. (1665).

⁂ “Unwiser son” is a Latinism, and means “not so wise as he should have been;” so _audacior_, _timidior_, _vehementior_, _iracundior_, etc.

=Pandos´to=, or _The Triumph of Time_, a tale by Robert Greene (1588), the quarry of the plot of _The Winter’s Tale_ by Shakespeare.

=Panel= (_The_), by J. Kemble, is a modified version of Bickerstaff’s comedy _’Tis Well ’tis no Worse_. It contains the popular quotation:

Perhaps it was right to dissemble your love; But why do you kick me downstairs?

=Pangloss= (_Dr. Peter_), an LL.D. and A.S.S. He began life as a muffin-maker in Milk Alley. Daniel Dowlas, when he was raised from the chandler’s shop in Gosport to the peerage, employed the doctor “to larn him to talk English;” and subsequently made him tutor to his son Dick, with a salary of £300 a year. Dr. Pangloss was a literary prig of ponderous pomposity. He talked of a “locomotive morning,” of one’s “sponsorial and patronymic appellations,” and so on; was especially fond of quotations, to all of which he assigned the author, as “Lend me your ears. Shakespeare. Hem!” or “_Verbum sat._ Horace. Hem!” He also indulged in an affected “He! he!”--G. Colman, _The Heir-at-Law_ (1797).

A.S.S. stands for _Artium Societatis Socius_ (“Fellow of the Society of Arts”).

_Pangloss_, an optimist philosopher. (The word means “All Tongue.”)--Voltaire, _Candide_.

=Panjam=, a male idol of the Oroungou tribes of Africa; his wife is Alēka, and his priests are called _panjans_. Panjam is the special protector of kings and governments.

=Panjandrum= (_The Grand_), and village potentate or Brummagem magnate. The word occurs in S. Foote’s farrago of nonsense, which he wrote to test the memory of old Macklin, who said in a lecture “he had brought his own memory to such perfection that he could learn anything by rote on once hearing it.”

He was the Great Panjandrum of the place.--Percy Fitzgerald.

⁂ The squire of a village is the Grand Panjandrum, and the small gentry the Picninnies, Joblillies, and Garyulies.

Foote’s nonsense lines are these:

So she went into the garden to cut a cabbage leaf to make an apple pie; and at the same time a great she-bear, coming up the street, pops its head into the shop. “What! no soap?” So he died, and she very imprudently married the barber! and there were present the Picninnies, and the Joblillies, and the Garyulies, and the Grand Panjandrum himself, with the little round button at top, and they all fell to playing the game of catch as catch can, till the gunpowder ran out at the heel of their boots.--S. Foote, _The Quarterly Review_, xcv. 516, 517 (1854).

=Pan´ope= (3 _syl._), one of the nereids. Her “sisters” are the sea-nymphs. Panopê was invoked by sailors in storms.

Sleek Panope with all her sisters played.

Milton, _Lycidas_, 95 (1638).

=Pansy Osmund=, daughter of Mr. Osmund and Madame Merle, but ignorant who her mother is. After her father’s second marriage, the girl, who has been brought up by the nuns, is extremely fond of her step-mother, and when she grows under her fostering care into a lovely woman, becomes attached to Edward Rosier, a man of small fortune. Her father, cold and hard as stone, decrees that she shall marry an English lord, and upon her refusal, sends her back to the convent.--Henry James, Jr., _Portrait of a Lady_ (1881).

=Pantag´ruel´=, king of the Dipsodes (2 _syl._), son of Gargantua, and last of the race of giants. His mother, Badebec, died in giving him birth. His paternal grandfather was named Grangousier. Pantagruel was a lineal descendant of Fierabras, the Titans, Goliath, Polypheme (3 _syl._), and all the other giants traceable to Chalbrook, who lived in that extraordinary period noted for its “week of three Thursdays.” The word is a hybrid, compounded of the Greek _panta_ (“all”), and the Hagarene word _gruel_ (“thirsty”). His immortal achievement was his “quest of the oracle of the Holy Bottle.”--Rabelais, _Gargantua and Pantagruel_, ii. (1533).

=Pantagruel’s Course of Study.= Pantagruel’s father, Gargantua, said in a letter to his son: