Part 47

_Satan_, according to Milton, monarch of hell. His chief lords are Beëlzebub, Moloch, Chemos, Thammuz, Dagon, Rimmon, and Belial. His standard-bearer is Azaz´el.

He, above the rest In shape and gesture proudly eminent, Stood like a tower. His form had not yet lost All her original brightness; nor appeared Less than archangel ruined, and the excess Of glory obscured ... but his face Deep scars of thunder had intrenched, and care Sat on his faded cheek ... cruel his eye, but cast Signs of remorse.

Milton, _Paradise Lost_, i. 589, etc. (1665).

⁂ The word Satan means “enemy;” hence Milton says:

To whom the arch-enemy, ... in heaven called Satan.

_Paradise Lost_, i. 81 (1665).

=Satanic School= (_The_), a class of writers in the earlier part of the nineteenth century, who showed a scorn for all moral rules and the generally received dogmas of the Christian religion. The most eminent English writers of this school were Bulwer (afterwards Lord Lytton), Byron, Moore, and P. B. Shelley. Of French writers: Paul de Kock, Rousseau, George Sand, and Victor Hugo.

=Satire= (_Father of_), Archilŏchos of Paros (B.C. seventh century).

_Satire_ (_Father of French_), Mathurin Regnier (1573-1613).

_Satire_ (_Father of Roman_), Lucilius (B.C. 148-103).

=Satiro-mastix=, or _The Untrussing of the Humorous Poet_, a comedy by Thomas Dekker (1602). Ben Jonson, in 1601, had attacked Dekker in _The Poetaster_, where he calls himself “Horace,” and Dekker “Cris´pinus.” Next year (1602), Dekker replied with spirit to this attack, in a comedy entitled _Satiro-mastix_, where Jonson is called “Horace, junior.”

=Saturday.= To the following English sovereigns from the establishment of the Tudor dynasty, Saturday has proved a fatal day:--

HENRY VII. died Saturday, April 21, 1509.

GEORGE II. died Saturday, October 27, 1760.

GEORGE III. died Saturday, January 29, 1820, but of his fifteen children only three died on a Saturday.

GEORGE IV. died Saturday, June 26, 1830, but the Princess Charlotte died on a Tuesday.

PRINCE ALBERT died Saturday, December 14, 1861. The duchess of Kent and the Princess Alice also died on a Saturday.

⁂ William III., Anne, and George I., all died on a Sunday; William IV. on a Tuesday.

=Saturn=, son of Heaven and Earth. He always swallowed his children immediately they were born, till his wife, Rhea, not liking to see all her children perish, concealed from him the birth of Jupiter, Neptune, and Pluto, and gave her husband large stones instead, which he swallowed without knowing the difference.

Much as old Saturn ate his progeny; For when his pious consort gave him stones In lieu of sons, of those he made no bones.

Byron, _Don Juan_, xiv. 1 (1824).

_Saturn_, an evil and malignant planet.

He is a genius full of gall, an author born under the planet Saturn, a malicious mortal whose pleasure consists in hating all the world.--Lesage, _Gil Blas_, v. 12 (1724).

The children born under the sayd Saturne shall be great jangeleres and chyders ... and they will never forgyve tyll they be revenged of theyr quarrell.--Ptholomeus, _Compost_.

=Satyr.= T. Woolner calls Charles II. “Charles the Satyr.”

Next flared Charles Satyr’s saturnalia Of lady nymphs.

_My Beautiful Lady._

⁂ The most famous statue of the satyrs is that by Praxitĕlês, of Athens, in the fourth century.

=Satyrane= (_Sir_), a blunt, but noble knight, who helps Una to escape from the fauns and satyrs.--Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, i. (1590).

And passion erst unknown, could gain The breast of blunt Sir Satyrane.

Sir W. Scott.

⁂ “Sir Satyrane” is meant for Sir John Perrot, a natural son of Henry VIII., and lord deputy of Ireland, from 1583 to 1588; but, in 1590, he was in prison in the Tower for treason, and was beheaded in 1592.

=Satyr´icon=, a comic romance in Latin, by Petro´nius Ar´biter, in the first century. Very gross, but showing great power, beauty, and skill.

=Saul=, in Dryden’s satire of _Absalom and Achitophel_, is meant for Oliver Cromwell. As Saul persecuted David, and drove him from Jerusalem, so Cromwell persecuted Charles II., and drove him from England.

... ere Saul they chose, God was their king, and God they durst depose.

Pt. i. (1681).

⁂ This was the “divine right” of kings.

=Saunders=, groom of Sir Geoffrey Peveril of the Peak.--Sir W. Scott, _Peveril of the Peak_ (time, Charles II.).

_Saunders_ (_Richard_), the pseudonym of Dr. Franklin, adopted in _Poor Richard’s Almanac_, begun in 1732.

=Saunders Sweepclean=, a king’s messenger, at Knockwinnock Castle.--Sir W. Scott, _The Antiquary_ (time George III.).

=Saunderson= (_Saunders_), butler, etc., to Mr. Cosmo Comyne Bradwardine, baron of Bradwardine and Tully Veolan.--Sir W. Scott, _Waverley_ (time, George II.).

=Saurid=, king of Egypt, say the Coptites (2 _syl._) built the pyramids 300 years before the Flood, and according to the same authority, the following inscription was engraved upon one of them:--

I, King Saurid, built the pyramids ... and finished them in six years. He that comes after me ... let him destroy them in 600 if he can ... I also covered them ... with satin, and let him cover them with matting.--Greaves, _Pyramidographia_, (seventeenth century).

=Savage= (_Captain_), a naval commander.--Captain Marryat, _Peter Simple_ (1833).

=Sav´il=, steward to the elder Loveless.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Scornful Lady_ (1616).

=Sav´ille= (2 _syl._), the friend of Doricourt. He saves Lady Frances Touchwood from Courtall, and frustrates his infamous designs on the lady’s honor.--Mrs. Cowley, _The Belle’s Stratagem_ (1780).

_Saville_ (_Lord_), a young nobleman with Chiffinch (emissary of Charles II.).--Sir W. Scott, _Peveril of the Peak_ (time Charles II.).

=Saviour of Rome.= C. Marĭus was so called after the overthrow of the Cimbri, July 30, B.C. 101.

=Saviour of the Nations.= So the duke of Wellington was termed after the overthrow of Bonaparte (1769-1852).

Oh, Wellington ... called “Saviour of the Nations!”

Byron, _Don Juan_, ix. 5 (1824).

=Sawney=, a corruption of Sandie, a contracted form of Alexander. Sawney means a Scotchman, as David a Welshman, John Bull an Englishman, Cousin Michael a German, Brother Jonathan a native of the United States, Macaire a Frenchman, Colin Tampon a Swiss, and so on.

=Sawyer= (_Bob_), a dissipated, struggling young medical practitioner, who tries to establish a practice at Bristol, but without success. Sam Weller calls him “Mr. Sawbones.”--C. Dickens, _The Pickwick Papers_ (1836)

=Saxon Duke= (_The_), mentioned by Butler in his _Hudibras_, was John Frederick, duke of Saxony, of whom Charles V. said, “Never saw I such a swine before.”

=Sboga= (_Jean_), the hero of a romance by C. Nodier (1818), a leader of bandits, in the spirit of Lord Byron’s _Corsair_ and _Lara_.

=Scadder= (_General_), agent in the office of the “Eden Settlement.” His peculiarity consisted in the two distinct expressions of his profile, for “one side seemed to be listening to what the other side was doing.”--C. Dickens, _Martin Chuzzlewit_ (1844).

=Scalds=, court poets and chroniclers of the ancient Scandinavians. They resided at court, were attached to the royal suite, and attended the king in all his wars. They also acted as ambassadors between hostile tribes, and their persons were held sacred. These bards celebrated in song the gods, the kings of Norway, and national heroes. Their lays or _vyses_ were compiled in the eleventh century by Sæmund Sigfusson, a priest and scald of Iceland, and the compilation is called the _Elder_ or _Rythmical Edda_.

=Scallop-Shell= (_The_). Every one knows that St. James’s pilgrims are distinguished by scallop-shells, but it is a blunder to suppose that other pilgrims are privileged to wear them. Three of the popes have, by their bulls, distinctly confirmed this right to the Compostella pilgrim alone: viz., Pope Alexander III., Pope Gregory IX. and Pope Clement V.

Now, the escallop or scallop, is a shell-fish, like an oyster or large cockle; but Gwillim tells us what ignorant zoölogists have omitted to mention, that the bivalve is “engendered solely of dew and air. It has no blood at all; yet no food that man eats turns so soon into life-blood as the scallop.”--_Display of Heraldy_, 171.

_Scallop-shells used by Pilgrims._ The reason why the scallop-shell is used by pilgrims is not generally known. The legend is this: When the marble ship which bore the headless body of St. James approached Bouzas, in Portugal, it happened to be the wedding day of the chief magnate of the village; and while the bridal party was at sport, the horse of the bridegroom became unmanageable, and plunged into the sea. The ship passed over the horse and its rider, and pursued its onward course, when, to the amazement of all, the horse and its rider emerged from the water uninjured, and the cloak of the rider was thickly covered with scallop-shells. All were dumbfounded, and knew not what to make of these marvels, but a voice from heaven exclaimed, “It is the will of God that all who henceforth make their vows to St. James, and go on pilgrimage, shall take with them scallop-shells; and all who do so shall be remembered in the day of judgment.” On hearing this, the lord of the village, with the bride and bridegroom, were duly baptized, and Bouzas became a Christian Church.--_Sanctoral Portugues_ (copied into the _Breviaries_ of _Alcobaça and St. Cucufate_).

Cunctis mare cernentibus, Sed a profundo ducitur; Natus Regis submergitur, Totus plenus conchilibus.

_Hymn for St. James’s day._

In sight of all the prince went down, Into the deep sea dells; In sight of all the prince emerged, Covered with scallop-shells.

=Scalping= (_Rules for_). The Cheyennes, in scalping, remove from the part just over the left ear a piece of skin not larger than a silver dollar. The Arrapahoes take a similar piece from the region of the right ear. Others take the entire skin from the crown of the head, the forehead, or the nape of the neck. The Utes take the entire scalp from ear to ear, and from the forehead to the nape of the neck.

=Scambister= (_Eric_), the old butler of Magnus Troil, the udaller of Zetland.--Sir W. Scott, _The Pirate_ (time, William III.).

⁂ A udaller is one who holds his lands by allodial tenure.

=Scandal=, a male character in _Love for Love_, by Congreve (1695).

_Scandal_ (_School for_), a comedy by Sheridan (1777).

=Scanderbeg.= So George Castriota, an Albanian hero, was called. Amurath II. gave him the command of 5000 men, and such was his daring and success, that he was called Skander (_Alexander_). In the battle of Morava (1443) he deserted Amurath, and, joining the Albanians, won several battles over the Turks. At the instigation of Pius II. he headed a crusade against them, but died of a fever, before Mahomet II. arrived to oppose him (1404-1467). (Beg or Bey is the Turkish for “prince.”)

_Scanderbeg’s sword needs Scanderbeg’s arm._ Mahomet II. “the Great” requested to see the scimitar which George Castriota used so successfully against the Ottomans in 1461. Being shown it, and wholly unable to draw it, he pronounced the weapon to be a hoax, but received for answer, “Scanderbeg’s sword needs Scanderbeg’s arm to wield it.”

The Greeks had a similar saying, “None but Ulysses can draw Ulysses’s bow.”

=Scapegoat= (_The_), a farce by John Poole. Ignatius Polyglot, a learned pundit, master of seventeen languages, is the tutor of Charles Eustace, aged 24 years. Charles has been clandestinely married for four years, and has a little son named Frederick. Circumstances have occurred which render the concealment of this marriage no longer decorous or possible, so he breaks it to his tutor, and conceals his young wife for the nonce in Polyglot’s private room. Here she is detected by the housemaid, Molly Maggs, who tells her master, and old Eustace says, the only reparation a man can make in such circumstances is to marry the girl at once. “Just so,” says the tutor. “Your son is the husband, and he is willing at once to acknowledge his wife and infant son.”

=Scapin=, valet of Léandre, son of Seignior Géronte. (See FOURBERIES.)--Molière, _Les Fourberies de Scapin_ (1671).

(Otway has made an English version of this play, called _The Cheats of Scapin_, in which Léandre is Anglicized into “Leander,” Géronte is called “Gripe,” and his friend, Argante, father of Zerbinette, is called “Thrifty,” father of “Lucia.”[TN-160]

=Scapi´no=, the cunning, knavish servant of Gratiano, the loquacious and pedantic Bolognese doctor.--_Italian Mask._

=Scar= (_Little_), son of Major and Madam Carroll, believed by his father to be legitimate, known by his mother to have been born during the lifetime of her first husband, although she had married the major, supposing herself a widow.--Constance Fenimore Woolson, _For the Major_.

=Scar´amouch=, a braggart and fool, most valiant in words, but constantly being drubbed by Harlequin. Scaramouch is a common character in Italian farce, originally meant in ridicule of the Spanish don, and therefore dressed in Spanish costume. Our clown is an imbecile old idiot, and wholly unlike the dashing poltroon of Italian pantomime. The best “Scaramouches” that ever lived were Tiberio Fiurelli, a Neapolitan (born 1608), and Gandini (eighteenth century).

_Scar´borough Warning_ (_A_), a warning given too late to be taken advantage of. Fuller says the allusion is to an event which occurred in 1557, when Thomas Stafford seized upon Scarborough Castle, before the townsmen had any notice of his approach. Heywood says a “Scarborough warning” resembles what is now called Lynch law: punished first, and warned afterwards. Another solution is this: If ships passed the castle without saluting it by striking sail, it was customary to fire into them a shotted gun, by way of warning.

Be suërly seldom, and never for much ... Or Scarborow warning, as ill I believe, When (“Sir, I arrest ye”) gets hold of thy sleeve.

T. Tusser, _Five Hundred Points of Good Husbandry_, x. 28 (1557).

=Scarlet= (_Will_), =Scadlock= or =Scathelocke=, one of the companions of Robin Hood.

“Take thy good bowe in thy hande,” said Robyn. “Let Moche wend with the And so shall Wyllyam Scathelocke, And no man abyde with me.”

Ritson, _Robin Hood Ballads_, i. 1 (1520).

The tinker looking him about, Robin his horn did blow; Then came unto him Little John And William Scadlock, too.

Ditto, ii. 7 (1656).

And there of him they made a Good yeoman Robin Hood, Scarlet and Little John, And Little John, hey ho!

Ditto, appendix 2 (1790).

In the two dramas called _The First and Second Parts of Robin Hood_, by Anthony Munday and Henry Chettle, Scathlock or Scadlock, is called the brother of Will Scarlet.

... possible that Warman’s spite ... doth hunt the lives Of bonnie Scarlet and his brother, Scathlock.

Pt. i. (1597).

Then “enter Warman, with Scarlet and Scathlock bounde,” but Warman is banished, and the brothers are liberated and pardoned.

=Scarlet Woman= (_The_), popery (_Rev._ xvii. 4).

And fulminated Against the scarlet woman and her creed.

Tennyson, _Sea Dreams_.

=Scathelocke= (2 _syl._) or =Scadlock=, one of the companions of Robin Hood. Either the brother of Will Scarlet or another spelling of the name. (See SCARLET.)

=Scatterbury= (_Juliet_). Ambitious New York woman, who lives in a flat and pretends to distant friends that she lives in a Fifth Avenue brown stone front; “an egregious follower of Ananias and Sapphira.”--William Henry Bishop, _The Brown Stone Boy and Other Stories_ (1888).

=Scavenger’s Daughter= (_The_), an instrument of torture, invented by Sir William Skevington, lieutenant of the Tower in the reign of Henry VIII. “Scavenger” is a corruption of Skevington.

_To kiss the scavenger’s daughter_, to suffer punishment by this instrument of torture, to be beheaded by a guillotine or some similar instrument.

=Sceaf= [_Sheef_], one of the ancestors of Woden. So called because in infancy he was laid on a wheatsheaf, and cast adrift in a boat; the boat stranded on the shores of Sleswig, and the infant, being considered a gift from the gods, was brought up for a future king.--_Beowulf_ (an Anglo-Saxon epic, sixth century).

=Scepticism= (_Father of Modern_), Pierre Bayle (1647-1706).

=Schacabac=, “the hare-lipped,” a man reduced to the point of starvation, invited to a feast by the rich Barmecide. Instead of victuals and drink, the rich man set before his guest empty dishes and empty glasses, pretending to enjoy the imaginary foods and drinks. Schacabac entered into the spirit of the joke, and did the same. He washed in imaginary water, ate of the imaginary delicacies, and praised the imaginary wine. Barmecide was so delighted with his guest, that he ordered in a substantial meal, of which he made Schacabac a most welcome partaker.--_Arabian Nights_ (“The Barber’s Sixth Brother”). (See SHACCABAC.)

=Schah´riah=, sultan of Persia. His wife being unfaithful, and his brother’s wife too, Schahriah imagined that no woman was virtuous. He resolved, therefore, to marry a fresh wife every night, and to have her strangled at daybreak. Scheherazādê, the vizier’s daughter, married him notwithstanding, and contrived, an hour before daybreak, to begin a story to her sister, in the sultan’s hearing, always breaking off before the story was finished. The sultan got interested in these tales; and, after a thousand and one nights, revoked his decree, and found in Scheherazadê a faithful, intelligent, and loving wife.--_Arabian Nights’ Entertainments._

=Schah´zaman=, sultan of the “Island of the children of Khal´edan,” situated in the open sea, some twenty day’s sail from the coast of Persia. The sultan had a son, an only child, named Camaral´zaman, the most beautiful of mortals. Camaralzaman married Badoura, the most beautiful of women, the only daughter of Gaiour (2 _syl._), emperor of China.--_Arabian Nights_ (“Camaralzaman and Badoura”).

=Schaibar= (2 _syl._), brother of the fairy Pari-Banou. He was only eighteen inches in height, and had a huge hump both before and behind. His beard, though thirty feet long, never touched the ground, but projected forwards. His moustaches went back to his ears, and his little pig’s eyes were buried in his enormous head. He wore a conical hat, and carried for quarterstaff an iron bar of 500 lbs. weight at least.--_Arabian Nights_ (“Ahmed and Pari-Banou”).

=Schamir= (_The_) that instrument or agent with which Solomon wrought the stones of the Temple, being forbidden to use any metal instrument for the purpose. Some say the Schamir´ was a worm; some that it was a stone; some that it was “a creature no bigger than a barleycorn, which nothing could resist.”

=Scheherazade= [_Sha.ha´.ra.zah´.de_], the hypothetical relater of the stories in the _Arabian Nights_. She was the elder daughter of the vizier of Persia. The sultan, Schahriah, exasperated at the infidelity of his wife, came to the hasty conclusion that no woman could be faithful; so he determined to marry a new wife every night, and strangle her at daybreak. Scheherazādê, wishing to free Persia of this disgrace, requested to be made the sultan’s wife, and succeeded in her wish. She was young and beautiful, of great courage and ready wit, well read, and an excellent memory, knew history, philosophy, and medicine, was besides a good poet, musician, and dancer. Scheherazadê obtained permission of the sultan for her younger sister, Dinarzadê, to sleep in the same chamber, and instructed her to say, one hour before daybreak, “Sister, relate to me one of those delightful stories which you know, as this will be the last time.” Scheherazadê then told the sultan (under pretence of speaking to her sister) a story, but always contrived to break off before the story was finished. The sultan, in order to hear the end of the story, spared her life till the next night. This went on for a thousand and one nights, when the sultan’s resentment was worn out, and his admiration of his sultana was so great that he revoked his decree.--_Arabian Nights’ Entertainments._ (See MORADBAK.)

Roused like the Sultana Scheherazadê, and forced into a story.--C. Dickens, _David Copperfield_ (1849).

=Schemseddin Mohammed=, elder son of the vizier of Egypt, and brother of Noureddin Ali. He quarrelled with his brother on the subject of their two children’s hypothetical marriage; but the brothers were not yet married, and children “were only in supposition.” Noureddin Ali quitted Cairo, and travelled to Basora, where he married the vizier’s daughter, and on the very same day Schemseddin married the daughter of one of the chief grandees of Cairo. On one and the same day a daughter was born to Schemseddin, and a son to his brother, Noureddin Ali. When Schemseddin’s daughter was 20 years old, the sultan asked her in marriage, but the vizier told him she was betrothed to his brother’s son, Bed´reddin Ali. At this reply, the sultan, in anger, swore she should be given in marriage to the “ugliest of his slaves;” and accordingly betrothed her to Hunchback, a groom, both ugly and deformed. By a fairy trick, Bedreddin Ali was substituted for the groom, but at daybreak was conveyed to Damascus. Here he turned pastry-cook, and was discovered by his mother by his cheese-cakes. Being restored to his country and his wife, he ended his life happily.--_Arabian Nights_ (“Noureddin Ali,” etc.). (See CHEESE-CAKES.)

=Schemsel´nihar=, the favorite sultana of Haroun-al-Raschid, caliph of Bagdad. She fell in love with Aboulhassan Ali ebn Becar, prince of Persia. From the first moment of their meeting they began to pine for each other, and fell sick. Though miles apart, they died at the same hour, and were both buried in the same grave.--_Arabian Nights_ (“Aboulhassen and Schemselnihar”).

=Schlemihl= (_Peter_), the hero of a popular German legend. Peter sells his shadow to an “old man in grey,” who meets him while fretting under a disappointment. The name is a household term for one who makes a desperate and silly bargain.--Chamisso, _Peter Schlemihl_ (1813).

=Schmidt= (_Mr._), a German of kindly spirit and refined tastes, “in his talk gently cynical.” “To know him a little was to dislike him, but to know him well was to love him.” At the feet of a pretty Quaker dame, he laid an homage, which he felt to be hopeless of result, while he was schooled by sorrowful fortunes to accept the position as one which he hardly ever wished to change.--Silas Weir Mitchell, _Hephzibah Guinness_ (1880).

=Scholastic= (_The_), Epipha´nius, an Italian scholar (sixth century).

=Scholastic Doctor= (_The_), Anselm, of Laon (1050-1117).

=Scholey= (_Lawrence_), servant at Burgh-Westra. His master is Magnus Troil, the udaller of Zetland.--Sir W. Scott, _The Pirate_ (time, William III.).

⁂ Udaller, one who holds land by allodial tenure.

=Schonfelt=, lieutenant of Sir Archibald von Hagenbach, a German noble.--Sir W. Scott, _Anne of Geierstein_ (time, Edward IV.).

=School of Husbands=, (_L’école des Maris_, “wives trained by men”), a comedy by Molière (1661). Ariste and Sganarelle, two brothers, bring up Léonor and Isabelle, two orphan sisters, according to their systems for making them in time their model wives. Sganarelle’s system was to make the women dress plainly, live retired, attend to domestic duties, and have few indulgences. Ariste’s system was to give the woman great liberty, and trust to her honor. Isabelle, brought up by Sganarelle, deceived him and married another; but Léonor, brought up by Ariste, made him a fond and faithful wife.

Sganarelle’s plan:

J’entend que la mienne vive à ma fantaisie-- Que d’une serge honnête elle ait son vêtement, Et ne porte le noir, qu’ aux bons jours seulement; Qu’ enfermée au logis, en personne bien sage, Elle s’applique toute aux choses du ménage, A recoudre mon linge aux heures de loisir, Ou bien à tricoter quelques bas par plasir;[TN-161] Qu’ aux discours des muguets elle ferme l’oreille, Et ne sorte jamais sans avoir qui la veille.

Ariste’s plan:

Leur sexe aime à jouir d’un peu de liberté; On le retient fort mal par tant d’austérité; Et les soins défiants les verroux et les grilles, Ne font pas la vertu des femmes ni des filles; C’est l’honneur qui les doit tenir dans le devoir, Non la sévérité que nous leur faisons voir ... Je trouve que le cœur est ce qu’il faut gagner.

## Act i. 2.