CHAPTER LXXII

CONCLUSION

The end of our period--Science not stagnant during it--Nor a mere handmaid of religion--The belief in occult virtue--Dominance of astrology--Definition of magic--Difficulty of reducing magic to one principle--Human fondness for the fallacious--Utility is not magic’s strongest appeal--The spirit of magic is not the scientific spirit--Magic and experimental science--Science is a gradual evolution, not a modern creation--Its medieval stage of development--Does magic survive in modern learning?--Or in other sides of present life?--Importance of the history of experimental science--Prominence of magic in the history of science--How the human mind works--Indestructibility of thought.

[Sidenote: The end of our period.]

Our survey of some thirteen centuries of thought draws to a close. As has been said in discussing Peter of Abano, the period of the medieval revival of learning, as of other phases of civilization, seems to have spent its force by the close of the first quarter of the fourteenth century. On the other hand, the works which we have studied were reproduced again and again in manuscript form in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries and then in printed form in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, as has been pointed out in many instances. Some topics, like that of experimental books, we have traced on as late as into the seventeenth century. In short, the conceptions whose prevalence we have depicted in some detail for thirteen centuries of thought continued to have weight for a long time thereafter. On the occult and magical side, moreover, later writers like Henry Cornelius Agrippa, Trithemius, or Cardan were to add little or nothing to what had been often repeated before. In the field of experimental science, on the other hand, a period of greater progress came later. Gradually, too,--very gradually it would seem until almost our own time--scepticism was to come to prevail among scientists as to the possibility of magic in any of its forms in the world of nature. A great task still awaits him who shall trace the slow rise of effective scepticism through such writings against astrology as those of Nicholas Oresme in the fourteenth, and Pico della Mirandola, who at the same time believed in magic, in the fifteenth century, and in such criticisms of pseudo-science in general as Sir Thomas Browne’s _History of Vulgar Errors_ in the seventeenth century;[3011] and likewise the gradual dislodgment of the conception of occult virtue and influence by that of natural law through the disclosure of many of nature’s former secrets by scientific instruments and research.

[Sidenote: Science not stagnant during it.]

However, the disclosure of such secrets had already begun when the period of our investigation opened and it continued during our period of thirteen centuries, which was no such age of retrogression or stagnation as it has formerly been depicted. The ideas and discoveries of Hellenic, not to say oriental, science persisted and were preserved by medieval men to a greater extent than has been generally recognized; and to them the medieval men added questions, observations, and even discoveries of their own. Not only did curiosity concerning nature’s secrets continue, but the authority of the ancients was often received with scepticism; and a marked tendency runs through our period to rely upon rationalism and experimental method. I have exposed the _Physiologus_ myth, the _Florilegia_ myth, the legend of Roger Bacon as a lone herald of modern experimental science, the notion that Vincent of Beauvais adequately sums up all medieval science, and a number of other modern “vulgar errors” concerning medieval learning. I have shown that medieval men were wider readers than has often been thought, that the scholastics presented their material in a more systematic way than classical writers, that the Latin of the thirteenth century has a clearer style and shows more direct thinking than the vernaculars of the fifteenth century. Should we, moreover, go on to examine in detail the writings of the early modern centuries, I suspect that we would find them repeating the medieval authors just as these had repeated the classical authorities. Gesner, for instance, in his _History of Animals_, 1551-1587, copied Albertus Magnus as well as Aristotle. And of the scientific notions with which the men of the sixteenth century have been credited by their admirers many might be found on closer scrutiny and comparison to date back to classical or medieval authors.

[Sidenote: Nor a mere handmaid of religion.]

Nor can I agree that natural science in the middle ages, as has been said of medieval philosophy, was a mere handmaid of religion. Friar Bacon pointed out, it is true, how experimental science might serve the Church, but he also wished the Church to advance the study of science. And in many ways the Church did so, while its opposition to scientific research at that time has been grossly exaggerated. It is true that the Biblical and Christian conception of a created universe was generally accepted, but the Aristotelian and astrological conception of the heavenly bodies as eternal and incorruptible was scarcely less influential, and many writers held both conceptions, however inconsistent this may seem to us. We have met with some extreme instances of the religious point of view affecting the attitude toward nature, notably the idea that human sin affects or even upsets the course of nature; but we have also seen that the moralizing and allegorizing supposed to characterize medieval nature-study have been greatly over-estimated. For ancient pagans like Pliny and Seneca the study of nature seems to have taken the place of religion in large measure, but the introduction of Christianity did not result in the discontinuance or estoppal of the study of nature, nor in its reduction to a state of servitude. Medieval science was somewhat under the wing of the Church, as were so many other activities now purely secular, but science even in the middle ages was learning to use its own wings. Both in Mohammedan and Christian society profane learning in general and science in particular made progress, and the remains of Arabic science would be much scantier than they are, were it not for the fact that many works are preserved solely in Latin translations.

[Sidenote: The belief in occult virtue.]

But many secrets of nature still remained undiscovered in our period, and hence it is not surprising that the conception of occult virtue in nature, of occult influence exerted by animals, herbs, and gems, or by stars and spirits, still prevailed to such an extent among men of the highest scientific attainments then possible. How potent this conception was, has been shown by the continued use of amulets, of ligatures and suspensions, by the general belief in fascination, physiognomy, number mysticism, and divination from dreams. Some still countenanced the occult force of words, figures, characters, and images, or of this and that rite, ceremonial, and form. Especially surprising is the prevalence of lot-casting under the pseudo-scientific form of geomancy. But others had begun to doubt the efficacy of some or most of these things. Animism had pretty much had its day; necromancy and the notory art received relatively little attention, although the Church appears to have rather encouraged them by insisting upon the existence and power of evil spirits. But even the fathers and theologians made the point that demons work their marvels largely through their superior knowledge of natural forces. Much more in science and medicine have we seen the notion of spiritual force displaced by that of occult natural virtue, and use made of natural substances rather than of incantations. Some of our authors would explain the results achieved by incantations entirely by the force of suggestion. Of the later witchcraft delusion which overpowered the learned as well as the populace we have found relatively few harbingers. The discussion of sorcery and witchcraft has been less in our medieval than in our ancient authors, and less among our scientists than among our theologians. The subject has been broached chiefly in connection with formal definitions of magic arts or the practical problem of impotency after marriage.

[Sidenote: Dominance of astrology.]

We have also repeatedly seen magic itself becoming more scientific or pseudo-scientific in method and appearance. This is well illustrated by the fact that in our authors of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries astrology is the most widespread, as it is the most pseudo-scientific of any variety of the magic arts. Indeed, it has ceased to be merely one method of divination and claims to study and disclose the universal law of nature in the rule of the stars, by which every fact in nature and every occult influence in magic may be explained. If this doctrine were true, all other sciences and magic arts would be reduced to branches of the supreme science and art of astronomy or astrology. But it is not true, and hence I prefer to classify astrology as a magic art along with other arts of divination. And this brings us back to the question of the definition of magic.

[Sidenote: Definition of magic.]

The results of this investigation seem to me to have justified the selection of the word, “magic,” as a generic term to include all superstitious arts and occult sciences, and to designate a great primary division or phase of human thought and activity. Magic is subordinate to no other superstition or occult art; they are more often regarded as subdivisions of it. The attempts of some of our authors to distinguish between magic and astrology, or magic and divination, or good and bad magic, or natural magic and sorcery, or witchcraft and counter-magic, have all been exceedingly illogical and unconvincing. Magic appears, in our period at least, as a way of looking at the world which is reflected in a human art or group of arts employing varied materials in varied rites, often fantastic, to work a great variety of marvelous results, which offer man a release from his physical, social, and intellectual limitations, not by the imaginative and sentimental methods of music, melodrama, fiction, and romance, or by religious experience or asceticism, but by operations supposed to be efficacious here in the world of external reality. Some writers, chiefly theologians, lay great stress on resort to spirits in magic, some upon the influence of the heavens, some on both these forces, which yet others almost identify; but, except as theological dogma insists upon the demoniacal character of magic, or as astrological doctrine insists on the rule of the stars, it cannot be said that spirits or stars are thought of as always necessary in magic. The _sine qua non_ seems to be a human operator, materials, rites, and an aim that borders on the impossible, either in itself, such as predicting the future or curing incurable diseases or becoming invisible, or in relation to the apparently inadequate means employed.

[Sidenote: Difficulty of reducing magic to one principle.]

In our authors it has been difficult to account for the particular occult properties attributed to things and acts, or to detect any one underlying principle, such as sympathy, symbolism, imitation, contagion, resemblance, or association, guiding the selection of materials and rites for magic. This is either because there never was such a principle, and magic from the start was empirical and complex, or because we deal with a late stage in its development, when the superstitions of different peoples have coalesced, when the peculiar customs of folk-lore have become confused with those of science and religion, after the primitive methods of magic have been artificially over-elaborated, and after many usages have become gradually corrupted and their original meaning has been forgotten. Whether magic is good or evil, true or false, is with our authors a matter of opinion, in which the majority hold it to be true but evil. Every shade of opinion is represented, however; but furthermore few can avoid a wholesome feeling that there is something false about magic somewhere. This sounds the signal, as it were, for magic’s doom.

[Sidenote: Human fondness for the fallacious.]

However, I suspect that it is not so much that magic has been shown to be false, as it is that men have come to set a greater value upon truth, that accounts for magic’s decline. As I survey the practice and “beliefs” of primitive and savage tribes or the columns of modern newspapers and much of modern literature, I become convinced that men have a natural tendency to assert, and craving to hear the sensational, exaggerated, and impossible, and to fly in the face both of reason and experience. People take pleasure in affirming the extravagant and in believing the incredible, in saying that they have seen or done what no one else has seen or done. Cows, for instance, seldom or never burst, as everyone knows perfectly well, primitive man probably better than civilized; that is what makes it interesting to mention circumstances under which they will burst. “Lord, I believe, help Thou my unbelief,” is a good picture of the mental attitude supporting much of magic, which may be not so much a matter of belief as of make-believe.

[Sidenote: Utility is not magic’s strongest appeal.]

To turn from “belief” to practice, I suspect that much magic is done from want of anything better or else to do, rather than from complete conviction of its efficacy. When Pamphile in the pages of Apuleius anointed herself from top to toe in order to turn into an owl, it was because this was the best way of which she could think to enable herself to fly far, far away. But had an airplane been at hand, I fancy she would have had more confidence in it for purposes of flight. Inventions in artificial lighting have probably done more than sermons, arguments, and laws to dispel the works of darkness with which magicians whiled away the night-time. Had electric light been invented in Pamphile’s age, she would probably have spent her evenings in jazz or at a movie. It was probably not during the hunting season that cave-men drew their magic pictures of wild boars and bulls. The telepathy practiced by savages in war and hunting[3012] is perhaps less from firm faith in its potency than because the women left at home want to do something and to share somehow in the crucial operations, and furthermore are expected “to do their bit” by the men in the field. Perhaps such telepathic magic had almost as great actual efficacy toward its end as some of the desperate expedients, prompted more by patriotic emotion than discreet calculation, which were adopted to help “win the war” or to “maintain morale” by those who stayed at home during the recent great conflict. I should doubt if most men ever believed that rain falls only as a result of magic. It seems more likely that they are aware that the rain will come some time, and hence are ready to do almost anything which may hurry it up or relieve their own feelings and inaction in the meantime. As no modern scientist has brought to their attention any more efficacious method of altering the weather, they continue their time-honored rite regardless of our jeers. It does as well as any. But where some prehistoric genius introduced artificial irrigation, rainmaking magic probably promptly declined in popularity.

[Sidenote: The spirit of magic is not the scientific spirit.]

In the case of rain-making there is evidently much truth in Sir James Frazer’s statement that “the fallacy of magic is not easy to detect, because nature herself generally produces sooner or later the effects which the magician fancies he produces by his art.”[3013] But the dictum cannot be stretched to cover magic in general. In some cases the fallacy of magic is all too evident, but men love it, or there is as yet no truth discovered to take its place. Rational scepticism is needed to dispel the former; repeated experiment, to arrive at the latter. Believers in and practitioners of magic probably at no time in its history either even flattered themselves on so sound a basis of theory, or were so severely practical in their aims and methods, as not to delight in the marvelous and incredible and impossible for their own sake. Rather in providing or attempting to provide for practical wants and emergencies, considerations of credibility and possibility often were apt to be cast to the winds. Thus the spirit of magic is different from the scientific spirit.

[Sidenote: Magic and experimental science.]

Yet our material has conclusively shown that the history of magic is bound up with the history of science as well as with folk-lore, primitive culture, and the history of religion. Sometimes our authors have spoken of natural magic, but I rather wonder whether there could well be any other kind, since man must always reckon with his natural environment. It is not without reason that the Magi stand out in Pliny’s pages not as mere sorcerers or enchanters but as those who have gone farthest and in most detail--too curiously, in his opinion--into the study of nature. It is not without reason that we have found experimentation and magic so constantly associated throughout our period. After all it is not surprising that magic, which was both curious and tried to accomplish things, should investigate nature and should experiment. It is even possible that magicians were the first to experiment, or shared that province with the first inventors and the useful arts, and that natural science, originally philosophical and speculative, took over experimental method in a crude form, as well as the conception of occult virtue, from magic. As Sir James Frazer has said, “Here is a body of men relieved, at least in the higher stages of savagery, from the need of earning their livelihood by hard manual toil, and allowed, nay, expected and encouraged, to prosecute researches into the secret ways of nature.”[3014] It is therefore perhaps not surprising that men like Galen, Apuleius, Apollonius, and Dunstan were accused of magic by their contemporaries; that men like Gerbert, Michael Scot, and Albertus Magnus were represented as magicians in later, if not contemporary legend; that _Lithica_ and Roger Bacon tell us of the danger of sages being accused of magic; that the _Book of Enoch_, Cyprian, Firmicus, and Picatrix confuse magic with other arts and sciences; and that no one of our authors, try as he may, succeeds in keeping magic entirely out of science or science entirely out of magic.

[Sidenote: Science is a gradual evolution, not a modern creation.]

Be that as it may, if the anthropologists are correct in asserting that magic forms a great part of the life and thought of early man and of all primitive peoples, it is evident that only gradually would the science and thought of civilized peoples free themselves from the old habits and instincts. Modern science cannot exempt itself from its own theory of evolution as Julius Firmicus exempted the Roman emperor from the rule of the stars. Science did not come down from above nor invade from without. It grew up in the very midst of superstition and mental anarchy, just as the states of modern Europe had their beginnings in feudal society. As the kings in the middle ages had to govern under feudal limitations and even by feudal means, so science for a long time not merely was opposed by the unscientific attitude, but was itself tinged by fantastic theories and false data. It is scarcely a paradox to say that during our Roman and medieval period the laws of magic were better defined and understood than those of science. Yet the scientific attitude, like the spirit of nationality, was at work in the seeming chaos; gradually it shook itself free from error, and, by the increasing application of truly scientific methods, won a similar triumph to that which the sovereign political power gained by its gradual development of governmental institutions.

[Sidenote: Its medieval stage of development.]

This was the process going on in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. When men still believed in demons and witches and divination from dreams, it is not surprising that they believed also in natural magic. Only a small part of nature’s secrets were revealed to them; of the rest they felt that almost anything might turn out to be true. It was a time when “one vast realm of wonder spreads around.” They had to struggle against a huge burden of error and superstition which Greece and Rome and the Arabs handed down to them; yet they must try to assimilate what was of value in Aristotle, Galen, Pliny, Ptolemy, and the rest. Crude naïve beginners they were in many respects. Yet they show an interest in nature and its problems; they are drawing the line between science and religion; they make some progress in mathematics, geography, physics and chemistry; they not only talk about experimental method, they actually make some inventions and discoveries of use in the future advance of science. Moreover, they themselves feel that they are making progress. They do not hesitate to disagree with their ancient authorities, when they know something better. Roger Bacon affirms that many scientific facts and truths are known in his time of which Plato and Aristotle, Hippocrates and Galen, were ignorant. The ancients, says Peter of Spain in effect, were philosophers, but we are experimenters. Magic still lingers but the march of modern science has begun.

[Sidenote: Does magic survive in modern learning?]

Are there other sides of our life and thought to-day where magic still lingers and no such march as that of modern natural and experimental science has been begun or progressed so far? We fear that there are. One can well imagine that a future age may regard much of the learning even of our time as almost as futile, superstitious, fantastic in method, and irrelevant to the ends sought, as were primitive man’s methods of producing rain, Egyptian amulets to cure disease, or medieval blood-letting according to the phases of the moon. Ptolemy believed in astrology, but how many archaeologists and philologists and students of early religion and mythology and folk-lore there are who fail to observe his great law that one should always adopt the simplest possible hypothesis consistent with the observed facts! How some ransack the latest and remotest sources for some one brief annotation by a scholiast that may support some ingenious theory concerning the earliest origins of a language, a cult, or a deity,--which theory too often has only this to recommend it, that no one has ever thought of it before! How to prove a point concerning some single country and restricted period they bring together word-forms, coins, fragments of vases, customs, and folk-tales from the most outlandish regions and widely separated eras, and pile up a huge collection of most erudite looking footnotes, full of abbreviated formulae denoting German periodicals which have all the appearance of the unintelligible jargon of some ancient incantation! As one reflects upon the respect and admiration with which such “scholarship” and “research” is regarded by many in our own time, can one wonder that in the middle ages and antiquity the pharmacist who added to his compound herb after herb from India and other romantic lands, or part after part from the carcasses of fabulous animals, in a frantic effort to improve upon a remedy that was wrong to start with,--can one wonder if he was hailed in his day as a discoverer and public benefactor, if his compound was copied in book after book and century after century, and, while he perhaps had devised it against some one ailment, if it came in time to be regarded as a panacea for all ills? How many historical generalizations, which originated in superficial association of ideas on no sounder a basis than that supposed by some to lie behind magic, are not only still current, but are glibly and unquestioningly assumed as themselves a basis for what might otherwise be considered truly scientific investigation of more detailed and less important points!

[Sidenote: Or in other sides of present life?]

We might carry our comparison from the world of scholarship, which at least displays industry and ingenuity in its superstitions, to the cruder and lazier conceptions and assumptions of social and civil life. Often enough has the connection of religion with magic been pointed out, but what side of life is there that is free from it? If not sheer intolerance, what else than survivals or revivals of ritual are all those conventions of dress and etiquette which are supposed to distinguish ladies and gentlemen from their fellow human beings? “Good form” is one of the last lines of trenches by which stupidity endeavors to hold its conquest or inheritance or--shall we say?--native soil of respectability. And how much we are forced to hear of literary or of social charm! Is such charm any less fleeting and fallacious than the magic charm from which it takes its name? Does it advance truth or retard civilization? Is not the man without it, who has to be twice as efficient in order to secure the same position as the man with it, the true builder? Does such personal charm add any more to its possessor’s real value to society than the incantation of the ancient artisan did to his industrial process? We believe that it does, but so did he. Or who can marvel at past belief in the magic power of words, who hears statesmen speak and millions shout of Militarism, Unconditional Surrender, Nationality, Democracy, Prohibition, Socialism, and Bolsheviki? What fears, what hopes, what passions, what prejudices, what sacrifices these words elicit! And how little agreement there is as to their meaning! If our illustrations are somewhat frivolous and superficial, let us measure the amount of magic in present civilization by Plotinus’ standard. He who yields to the charms of love and family affection or seeks political power or aught else than Truth and true beauty, or even he who searches for beauty in inferior things; he who is deceived by appearances, he who follows irrational inclinations, is as truly bewitched as if he were the victim of magic and _goetia_ so-called. The life of reason is alone free from magic. Measuring our age by such a standard, we shall be tempted to cry out, Magic of magics, all is magic! What else is there to write about?

[Sidenote: Importance of the history of experimental science.]

At least one thing, and that is experimental science. “It always is making acquisitions and never grows less; it ever elevates and never degenerates; it is always clear and never conceals itself.” Of its relations to magic through some thirteen centuries of thought I have deemed it worth while to attempt a somewhat detailed picture in the foregoing pages, presenting not only a survey of occult science but of the lives and writings of some pioneers, now too forgotten, in science’s earlier and less successful days. Originally magic alone was the object of my investigation, and experimental science an unexpected by-product which forced its importance during our period increasingly upon the attention. For this reason, while the magic of the learned has perhaps been treated here about as fully as it deserves, a complete and thorough history of experimental science through these thirteen centuries has not been attempted, and much new material in all probability still awaits discovery in the period of which we have treated. And while I have not yet had time to do much reading in works of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, I suspect that while the writers on occult subjects have little or nothing new to say, experimentation probably continued its evolution and that there may even be disclosed in obscure writers of that time germs of some of the discoveries usually ascribed to later and greater names.

[Sidenote: Prominence of magic in the history of science.]

On the other hand, I have found little to suggest that medieval men themselves purposely concealed scientific discoveries which they had made, although it is true that some of them believed that the ancients had done this, and although some of them pretended to do so themselves. Above all I have demonstrated that when ancient or medieval authors are apparently superstitious, they are really so, and that it is far-fetched to attempt to explain such passages as cryptograms or allegories or flights of poetical imagination or interpolations or signs of spurious authorship. Our authors do not intentionally employ occult science to hide truths of natural science or inventions in applied science. Rather it is characteristic of magic and occult science to make a pretense of hidden truth and of marvel-working which they cannot substantiate. And the fact concerning our authors has been that they cannot yet consistently discriminate between occult science and natural science, between magic and applied science.

[Sidenote: How the human mind works.]

If this investigation has shed some light on the biographies and bibliography of past scholars and scientists, on the textual history and criticism of particular works or the general condition of the manuscript material, perhaps it has also supplied data that may prove of value to philosophers and psychologists in determining the laws of human thought and our intellectual processes. Instead, say, of giving a so-called intelligence test to some hundreds of immature school children to discover which ones are well-nigh imbecile or idiotic, I have set forth for comparison the mature, carefully considered thoughts on certain topics of a number of the world’s intellectual leaders through centuries. We have seen the same old ideas continually recurring,[3015] new ideas appearing with exceeding slowness, men of the same given period holding a common stock of notions and being for the most part in remarkable agreement. Even the most intellectual men seem to have a limited number of ideas, just as humanity has a limited number of domesticated animals. Not only is man unable by taking thought to add one cubit to his stature, he usually equally fails to add one new idea to humanity’s small collection. Often men seem to be repeating the ideas like parrots. And this is not merely patristic, or scholastic; it is everlastingly human. Yet it has been evident that some of our authors were more original, resourceful, ingenious, inquisitive than others. There is curiosity, occasionally a new question is asked, an old thought put in a novel way, or a new experiment tried.

[Sidenote: Indestructibility of thought.]

As I have pursued this investigation, my wonder has grown at the number of learned men of whom memory has been preserved from a distant past even to our day, at the voluminousness of their extant writings, at the many small details of their daily life which are known to us. Sometimes their respective lives and thoughts intertwine and cross and coincide so that a learned world and society seems to stand out entire. Moreover, what might be found out concerning them by exhausting the manuscript material would doubtless be much greater than scholars have as yet established. At any rate the records are abundant, more so than for any other phase of human life except perhaps art; they permit of detailed examination; no severed fragments or dead bones, they throb with life. Some species may lay more eggs, or multiply more rapidly, but manuscripts survive. Neckam’s book has withstood the worms better than its master, but he, too, still lives in and through it and his other books. If matter is indestructible and energy is conserved, may we not paraphrase Adelard of Bath and say in closing: “And certainly in my judgment nothing in this world of thought ever perishes utterly, or is less to-day than when it was created. If any concept is dissolved from one union, it does not perish but is joined to some other group.” Magic and experiment yesterday; science and experiment to-day. Long live Thought! and may it some day regroup itself into Truth!

FOOTNOTES:

[3011] On Nicolas Oresme, Bishop of Lisieux, see Francis Meunier, _Essai sur la vie et les ouvrages de Nicole Oresme_, Paris, 1857, where many treatises by him against astrology are listed, and Charles Jourdain (1888), pp. 559-587, _Nicholas Oresme et les astrologues de la cour de Charles V_.

In Sloane 2156, 15th century, fols. 209v-224, I have read a treatise by Oresme which Jourdain does not mention, namely, _Contra conjunctionistas de futurorum eventibus_, copied in 1430. In BN 10271, fols. 63-153, is a defense of astrology against Oresme’s criticisms by John Lauratius de Fundis, writing at Bologna in 1451.

For Pico’s twelve books against astrology, his twenty-six conclusions concerning magic, and his _Apology_, in which he again defends natural magic, see his works as published at Venice in 1519 or 1557. He accepts the church’s condemnation of magic as usually practiced, but upholds natural magic. A preliminary paragraph of praise in these printed editions credits Pico with having destroyed astrology root and branch, whereas after previous attacks it had sprung up again, but this is exaggerated praise in view of the later favorable attitude toward astrology of such distinguished astronomers as Kepler and Tycho Brahe, or rather, it shows that the “astrology” attacked by Pico did not comprise everything that we should classify under that head. Pico’s attack, such as it was, was countered by Lucius Bellantius in a defense of astrology published in 1502: _Defensio astrologiae contra Ioannem Picum Mirandulam Lucii Bellantii Senensis Mathematici ac Physici Liber de Astrologica Veritate et in Disputationes Ioannis Pici Adversus Astrologos Responsiones.... Venetiis per Bernardinum Venetum de Vitalibus Anno a natali Christiano Mcccccii._

I have read Browne’s _Pseudodoxia Epidemica_, which was finished in 1646, in an edition of 1650.

[3012] J. G. Frazer (1911), I, 119-26.

[3013] J. G. Frazer (1911), I, 242.

[3014] J. G. Frazer (1911), I, 246-7.

[3015] Sometimes I have called attention to such parallel passages in the text, but an examination of the index will reveal others.

GENERAL INDEX

Abbreviations, 937

Abraham the patriarch, and astrology, 91, 449, 831; oak-tree of, 387

Abscess, 561, 565

Accusation of magic, against Roger Bacon, 31, 628-9, 676-7, 680; Albertus Magnus, 549; Trithemius, 550; philosophers and scientists, 660, 676-7; Hubert de Burgh, 675; Arnald of Villanova, 843; Bernard Délicieux, 860-1; Abano, 882, 888-90, 945-6, 978

_Achates_, a gem, 143, 364, 420

Achilles, 908

Acorn, 850

Adam, first man, 135-6, 154, 197, 201, 241, 292, 325, 327, 475

Adamant, mill worked by, 243; magnetic force of, 387, 566, 573, 817; breakable only by blood of goat, 546, 657

Adfar, 214, 216

Adultery, 728

Aerimancy or Aeromancy, 87, 320, 701-2

Agate, 331, 364, 469, 854

Agent, and patient, 738

Ages of man, 154, 834, 895; golden age, 896

_Agnus Dei_, 352

Agriculture, 6, 80, 82, 177, 470

_Agrimonia_, an herb, 142

Air, 420, 504, 579, 768, 790, 886-7; seven regions of, 324, 392-3

Alchemy, chaps, xlv, lxv, 80, 90, 177, 251, 433, 817; Adelard and, 22-3; Pseudo-Aristotle, 249, 251, 277; Michael Scot, 319-20, 327, 333-7; Franciscans, 335; Grosseteste, 447, 452-3; Vincent, 471; Albertus Magnus, 545, 557, 562, 567-73, 588; Aquinas, 607; Roger Bacon, 626, 639, 651, 658, 679; Arnald, 851, 855; Lull, 867-8; Abano, 906-7

Alcohol, 219, 501, 760, 766, 782, 784ff., 797

Alexander the Great, 301, 64 653-4, 786, 896-7, 908; and see other index

Alexander IV, pope, 525

Alexandria, 74, 83, 214, 264, 322, 761, 794

Algebra, 89, 237

Alive, animal from which part taken, to remain, 781

Allegorical interpretation, of Bible, 11, 134, 207-8, 631, 648; of nature, 131, 192, 376, 847; in alchemy, 27, 217; in zoology, 386, 434; images, 899; and see Personification, Symbolism

Alleluia year, 831

_Alliataiu_, a fish, 781

Almohades, 206

Aloes, 698, 817

Alphabetical order, 294ff., 302, 406, 420, 536, 877

Alps, 46, 133, 156

Alsace, 425

Altar, experiments and physicians of, 481, 752, 756

Alum, 335

Alvarotto, Jacopo, 946

America, discovery of, 645, 865

Ammonia, 573, 752

Amorites, 322

Amulet, 147, 209, 264, 276, 433, 769; and see Ligatures and Suspensions

Amusements, 808

Anaesthetics, 860, 887

Anatomy, 130, 376, 537

_Androsimon_, 276

_Anena_(?), 790

Anglo-Saxon, 67

Animals, 31, 56-7, 231, 727; intelligence, jealousy, remedies discovered by, 11, 35, 146, 200, 266, 423, 433, 473, 508-9, 563, 653, 908; use of parts of, 496, 498, 761, 764, 781, 817; and see names of individual animals

Anselm, “friend,” 784

Ant, 243

Ant-hill, 147

Anthony, St. 380; church of, in Padua, 945-6

Antichrist, 138, 248, 460, 672, 674, 743, 842, 844, 954, 960

Antidote, 384, 858; and see Poison, and, in other index, _Antidotarium_ under various medical authors

Antioch, 46, 245, 270

Antipathy, 144, 349, 732

Antipodes, 199, 332, 538, 885-6

Ape, 384, 780; eaten by sick lion, 563

_Aplanon_, 41

Apollo, 646, 908

Apoplexy, 887

Apothecary, 835, 872

Apparition, 345, 358, 381, 470, 528, 559, 603, 912; and see Spirit

Apple, 244, 506, 789

Applied science, 81, 190, 275, 601; Roger Bacon and, 651, 663

Apulia, 156, 426

_Aqua ardens_, see Alcohol

Arabic language and learning, 24-8, 206, 211, 310-2, 349, 449, 499, 582, 589, 640, 643-4, 647, 762, 778, 863, 888, 972

Archaeology, 279

Architecture, 82

_Argenteus_, 226

_Ariolus_, 553

_Aristologia_, an herb, 794, 908

Arithmetic, 70, 449, 790, 904

Armenia and Armenian, 239, 262, 863

Arms and armor, 82

Aromatics, 350; and see Spice, Unguent

Arrow, 344, 561

Arsenic, 471, 573, 797

Art, stars and, 587, 610, 673, 857

Art, Universal, of Lull, 863, 865-7, 871-2

Artemisia, 565

Artery, 298, 887

Artisan, 326, 536, 544, 651; and see Gild

Asbestos, 242

Asclepius, 290, 902

Ascoli, 956, 958, 967

Ash, reduced to, 386, 413, 433, 562, 767, 793

Ass, 57, 145, 345, 384, 482, 767, 781, 817

_Assidios_, 240-1

Astrolabe, 21-2, 45, 68, 112, 116, 865

_Astrologia_, medieval meaning of, 11, 81, 829, 890

Astrological medicine, 6, 72, 92, 323-4, 498-9, 513, 670-1, 767, 851, 855-6, 871-2, 890, 893ff., 957

Astrology, chaps, xxxviii, xxxix, xlii, li, lxii, lxvii, lxx, lxxi; also discussed by, Abelard, 5-7; Hugh of St. Victor, 11-13; Adelard, 40-2; William of Conches, 55-8, 61; Hildegard, 143, 148-54; John of Salisbury, 164-6; Neckam, 202-3; Maimonides, 211-2; _Kiranides_,233-4; Pseudo-Aristotle, 253-9, 274-8; Pseudo-Solomon, 283; _Sworn-Book_, 287; William of Auvergne, 366-71; Thomas of Cantimpré, 393; Bartholomew, 416-9, 423; Grosseteste, 445-7, 451-2; Vincent, 467-9; Albert, 535, 577-92; Aquinas, 608-15; Bacon, 638-9, 655, 658-9, 664, 668-77; Pseudo-Albert, 730, 739, 742, 744; Sloane MSS, 805-8; Arnald, 855-8; Lull, 868-72; relation to magic, 148, 343, 556, 558, 674, 816, 857, 892; to other divination, 148, 298ff., 892; to alchemy, 588; writings against, 970; dominance of, 973

_Astronomia_, medieval meaning of, 11, 81, 319, 577, 669, 790, 829, 890

Astronomy, of twelfth century, 70-1, 83, 198; history of, 320-1; defense of, 696-7; of Dante, 826; of Abano, 890; of Sacrobosco, 964

Athens, 284, 332, 428, 639, 755

Atlantis, 895

Atlas, the giant, and astronomy, 322, 646

Atom, Atomic theory, etc., 61, 462, 648, 906

Augury, 149, 319, 329, 365, 576-7, 601

Augustinian Order, 8, 189, 882

Authority and Authorities, attitude to, and citation of, Abelard, 6; Adelard, 28-9; Athelardus, 42-3; William of Conches, 60; Pedro Alfonso, 71; John of Spain, 78; Robert Kilwardby, 82; Daniel of Morley, 172-5; Neckam, 193-6, 199; Cantimpré, 373, 377-80; Bartholomew, 403-5, 422-3, 432; Arnold of Saxony, 430-2; Grosseteste’s _Summa_, 448-51; Vincent, 461-6; Peter of Spain, 494-6, 502; Albert, 536, 541-2; Aquinas, 609; _De fato_, 613; Bacon, 633-6, 647, 657, 683; Pseudo-Albert, 727, 731-4; Picatrix, 815-6; Bonatti, 826-7; Abano, 885, 910; miscellaneous, 241, 481, 677, 710, 732

_Ave Maria_, 117, 296, 952

Averroism, 709, 863-4, 887-8

Azure, 573

Babylon and Babylonia, 240, 257, 357, 359

Balaam, 318

_Balagius_, a gem, 469

Baldness, 31, 561

Balearic Isles, 863

Ballot, 931

Balsam, 239, 698

Baptism, 198, 391

Barber, 426

_Barbo_, a fish, 144

Barcelona, 83, 207, 845, 862, 930

Barley, 234

Barnacle bird, 200, 464

Basilisk, 202, 347, 361, 433, 562, 901, 905; and cock, 201, 562

Bat, 195, 288, 498, 736, 795, 817, 850

Bath, 224, 227, 480, 500, 787; Turkish, 273, 902

Bean, 850

Bear, 145, 767

Beard, 834

Beast, number of the, 672

Beasts, wild, 16, 232

Beatitudes, 325

Beaver, castration of, 199, 380, 433, 513, 540, 657

Becket, Thomas, St., chap. xli

Bed, taking a thing to, 142-3

Bee, 224, 744, 780

Beef, 147

Beet-juice, 563

Beetle, 790, 956

Belt, see Girdle

Benedict XI, pope, 844, 860

Benvenuto of Abano, 942-3

Berkeley, Lord, 806

Betony, 555-6

Bezoar, animal, 210, 909; mineral, 909-10

Bibliographies, medieval, 88, 353-4, 403, 405, 408, 612, 693, 696, 867; Dominican, 374, 395, 571, 599, 612, 694-5, 724, 741

Bird, 118, 145, 224, 265, 327, 507; edible, 147; of prey, 484, 504; to catch, 803; prediction by, 160; nest, 365, 420, 473

_Bisemum_, 140

Bishop, Richard, 50, 156

Bitumen, 793

Black, color used, 484, 497, 574, 780

Black Art, 319; and see Necromancy

Black Death, 406

Black, Joseph, 36

Blanche of Castile, 339

Bleeding, 275, 324, 412, 476, 480, 804, 856, 887, 894

Blind and Blindness, 365, 860

Blood, human, 137, 299, 319, 504, 834; use of, 144, 227, 320, 332, 817, 886, 909; of animals, used, 147, 226, 232, 288, 321, 332, 386, 421-2, 433, 484, 496-8, 507, 546, 561, 563, 736, 781

Blotches, 561

Boar, 202

Bohel, a spirit, 289

Bologna, and university of, 525, 638, 795, 801, 827, 863, 879, 950, 952, 955, 967

Bonacossi, Bordelone, 877

Bones, used, 143, 496, 819, 899; discussed, 886

Boniface VIII, pope, 844, 857, 937-8

Book and Books, Neckam’s, 203-4, 984; trade in, 405; of magic, 279, 284, 660, 662, 696, 701, 704, 731, 861

Botany, 532

Bottle, 321

Bow, magic, 344

Box, 231, 264, 835

Boxwood, 506

Boy and Boys, story of two, 275; medieval, 410; virtue of parts of, 336; used in divination and other magic, 365, 586-7, 818

Brabant, 427

Brahmans, 378

Brain, physiology of, 39, 48, 298-9, 408, 500, 857, 860, 886; poison in, 907; of animals, used, 393, 496, 555, 561, 764, 786, 817

Bramble bush, 851

Bread, wheaten loaf, 141

Breastplate of high priest, 389, 399

Bridge, 655

Brindisi, 426

Britain, British Isles, and Britons, 364, 428

Brittany, 428

Bronze, 279

Brooch, 769

Building materials, 427

Bull, tamed by figtree, 202

Bungay, Friar, 680

Burgundy, 424

Burial, for purposes of magic, 145, 370, 483, 736, 802

Burned, in effigy, 946; bones, 943-4; at stake, 949, 952

Burning glass, 442, 455-6, 651, 789

Business courses, 82

Butter, 142, 434, 505, 817, 908

Byzantine, 38, 238, 300, 390

Cabbage, 496-7

Caesar, Julius, 668

Cairo, 190, 206, 734

Calendar, Christian, 92; reform, 444, 631, 644

Caliph, 390, 734

Calixtus II, pope, 239, 241

Camel, 362, 383, 710, 788, 902; humps of, 145

_Camelea_ or _Cameleon_, an herb, 472

Camphor, 142, 786

Can Grande, 933

Candelabrum, 699

Candle, magic, 231, 280, 345, 561, 736-7, 782, 786ff., 793, 800

Candlestick, seven-branched, 370

Canonization, 127-8, 612

Cap, 145

Carbuncle, 236, 565

Carnelian, 388

Cask, 263

Casket, 224, 227, 860

Castle, 832, 838, 843-4; magic, 346

Castration, 506; and see Beaver

Casziel (or Cassiel), a spirit, 289, 900

Cat, 781, 964

Catalan, chap. lxviii, 862, 867, 873

Cataract, 563

Cauldron, 279

Cauterization, 856

Censorship, 805, 851, 950

Ceremonial, in magic and medicine, 141ff., 344, 482-3, 496, 801, 818-9, 904

Ceruse, 573

Chaldean, 92, 162, 208, 270, 286, 298, 349, 423, 449, 863

Cham, see Ham

Chance, experience, 499, 854; and fate, 212, 830-1

Channel, English, 190

Characters, 227, 279, 351, 552, 556, 603, 608, 622, 659, 661, 663, 669, 731-2, 802, 820, 848-50

Charcoal, 689, 737

Chariot, scythe-bearing, 654

Charlemagne, 241

Charles V, king of France, 256, 405, 695, 801

Charles of Anjou, king of Naples, 460, 757, 795

Charles of Calabria, duke of Florence, 953, 967

Chartres, 52, 100, 155

Chastity, 242, 364, 388, 470, 817; and see Virgin

Cheese, 434, 507

_Chelidonia_, see Swallow-wort

_Chelidonius_, 420-1

Chemical and Chemistry, chap. lxv, 38, 484, 500, 566, 573, 906

Chess, 835

Chestnut, 786

Chick, to make dance, 736

Chicken meat, 502-3

Child-birth, 135, 144, 316, 329, 376, 470, 482, 493, 586, 767, 851; formation of foetus, 418, 469, 484, 700, 744, 876, 957; born after eight months, dies, 329, 904; monstrous birth, 745

Chimaera, 138, 537

Chinese dictionary, 448

Chiromancy, 166-7, 266, 329, 331, 575, 606, 701-2, 804, 890

Christ, 299, 327, 965; birth of, and astrology, 105, 148ff., 371, 452, 579, 590-1, 672-3, 676, 703, 896-7, 953-4, 960-1; and astrological elections, 831; effect of birth of on magic, 236, 607; power of name of, 483; child, 611

Christian and Christianity, 216, 244, 649, 672, 678, 891, 896; and see Magic, Religion, Theology

Chronology, 92, 648, 897-8

Church fathers, 174, 589, 635, 848-9

Churl and Bird, tale of, 73

Cicada, 541

Cinnamon, 472

Cipher, 335, 688, 788

Circe, 719

Circle, magic, 227, 288, 321, 343, 345, 664, 669, 912; in Lull’s Art, 865-6

Circumcision, 834

Cistercian, 458

Cithara, 44-5

Citron, 544

City, fortune of, predicted, 331, 832, 838, 954-5

_Claretum_, a drink, 434

Classical heritage, 51, 157, 191

Classification of the sciences, 10-11, 79-82, 475, 630, 681

Clement IV, pope, 256, 458, 597, 622-8

Clement V, pope, 207, 842-6, 938

Clergy, interest of, in divination, 121, 170, 832, 836; as translators, 230; attacked, 306, 844; regular, 628, 759

Cloak, virtue of, 35, 160

Clock, see Time

Clothing, 82, 352, 391, 428, 818; incombustible, 242; and see the names of individual garments

Coal, 420; soot, 793

Cock, 201, 383, 498, 781, 819, 850; cock-crow, 263

Cold, the disease, 761

Colic, 887

Cologne, 523, 525-6, 544-5, 595ff., 638

Color and Colors, discussed, 42, 434, 793, 804; making of, and experiments with, 787-8, 799-800, 806; in magic, 288, 729

Combustible compounds, see Candle

Comet, 7, 58, 320, 371, 446-8, 452-3, 459, 469, 524, 583, 701, 961

Commune, 932, 941ff.

Compass, mariner’s, 31, 190, 199, 324, 387-8, 430, 621, 864

Compass, points of, observed, 140, 287, 343, 801, 819, 837, 964

Complexion, meaning physical constitution, 670, 886, 894, 896

Compostela, 488, 499

_Compotus_ or _Computus_, 444, 644, 804

Compounds, medicinal, magical, etc., 480-2, 504, 508, 755, 769, 805, 817, 854

Conception, to aid, 730; to prevent, 470, 736, 744, 763; and the stars, 152, 316, 328-9, 876

Confederate, used in magic, 661, 669

Confessional, 742, 835

Conjunction, astrological, 146, 255, 583, 672, 872, 888, 896-7, 956, 960

Conjuration, see Incantation, and Spirit, invocation of

Consecration, of bells, books, gems, spirits, etc., chap. xlix, 243, 321, 353, 470, 556, 567

Constantine the Great, emperor, 729

Constantinople, 190, 230, 313, 638, 877

Constantius of Abano, 876

Constipation, 768

Consumption, 887

Contingent event, 12, 516, 559, 605

Contrary, cure by, 887

Cooking recipes, 799, 802

Copper, 545

_Copprea_, 143

Coptic, 214

Copyists, use of, and mistakes and frauds by, 171, 225, 297, 301, 427-8, 458, 464, 625-7, 742, 779, 909, 938

Coral, 470, 853-4

Cordova, 22, 205, 310

Cormorant, 473

_Cornu cerastis_, 242

Corpse, 32, 39, 192, 482, 496, 556, 762, 767, 782, 851; and see Necromancy, Resurrection

Cotton, 561, 819

Cow, 57-8, 412, 729, 778, 780, 854

Crab, 362, 413

Crane, 144

Crape, 737

Creation, 58-61, 175, 181, 288, 317, 439, 461, 869, 962

Credulity and Scepticism, of Pedro Alfonso, 72; John of Salisbury, 157; Neckam, 199-200; Maimonides, 208; Michael Scot, 315; of medical men concerning spirits, 359, 369, 889; Cantimpré, 380-1; Bartholomew, 433; Vincent, 464-6; Albert, 464, 539, 543-6, 562, 566; Frederick II, 465; William of Auvergne, 349, 358, 360-3; Gilbert of England, 480-1; Aristotle, 576; Bacon, 656-7; Pseudo-Albert, 731, 734; Abano, 889, 903; other medieval, 116, 234, 238, 276, 513, 795, 804, 806, 856-7, 969-70; modern, 236

Critical days, 893

Criticism dreaded, 159, 634ff., 640, 643

Cross, sign of, 141, 143, 288, 321, 381, 467, 470, 483, 528, 608, 848, 850; wood of, 549; in form of, 860; magic, 790

Crow, 193, 413, 496, 729, 791; white, 793

Crusades, 239, 525, 845, 863

Crystal, 800, 808, 889

Cucumber, 834

Cummin seed, 148

Cyme, 231

Dacdel, a spirit, 289

Daily life, medieval, 406

Danube, 525, 541

Darius, 896

Date, of life or works of, Adelard, chap. xxxvi, app. i; William of Conches, 50-2; John of Spain, 74ff.; Hildegard, 127-8; Michael Scot, 310-11; Sacrobosco, 332; Cantimpré and Bartholomew, 373-4, 402-3; Grosseteste, 438; Witelo, 456; Vincent, 458-61; Gilbert of England, 478; John of St. Amand, 510; Albert and Aquinas, 461, 522ff., 594ff.; Roger Bacon, 619ff., 628-30; Picatrix, 813; Abano, 876, 880, 933-5; of introduction of Aristotle, 194-5, 312-3, 708; of _Sompniale dilucidarium Pharaonis_, 296; of _Speculum astronomiae_, 707-9

Day and Days, observance of, 42, 116, 150, 283, 296, 301, 319, 420; length of, 185

Deafness, 145-6

Death, time of, 887

Decans, 118, 221

Deer (including Doeskin, Roebuck, Stag), 144, 148, 210, 496, 508

Degree, medical, 504

Delphic oracle, 167

Desert, spirits in, 43, 344, 357; writings in, 43, 399-400

Design, argument from, 30

Desire, as a factor in magic, 665

Devil, 6, 134, 138, 208, 284, 318; and see Spirit

Dew, 144, 324

_Diacodos_, a stone, 556

_Diadochos_, a stone, 556

Diagram, 116, 249, 282-3, 323, 627, 648, 790-1, 865, 867

Dialectic, 24, 29, 70, 88, 734, 789

Dialogue, 23, 50

Diarrhoea, 513, 793

Dice, 158

Dictionary, 448, 458

Diet, 82, 201, 273, 300, 383, 480, 500, 546, 560, 818, 887

Digestion, 145, 880; effect on dreams, 330

Dinner, 411, 833, 887

_Dioptra_, 112

Diplomacy, 843

Direction, observed, 231, 698; and see Compass, points of

Disc, 279

Disease, 126, 480; magic transfer of, 499, 852; and see Spirit, Woman

Dispensation, 311-12

Divination, chap. xxxix, 72, 286, 835, 902; and magic, 319, 559; by demons, 358, 407; natural, 154, 168, 212, 349, 605; by opening Psalter, 295-6; by eating parts of animals, 497-8, 658; by polished surfaces, 158-9, 168, 320, 354, 364-5, 964; by shoulder blades, 86; by lots, numbers, names, 277, 319; from clouds, 320; from Kalends, 326; forbidden varieties of, 814, 848; other varieties, 14, 81, 158; and see Dream, Liver, Moon, Sieve, Thunder; also Aerimancy, Augury Chiromancy, Geomancy, Hydromancy, Lot-casting, Pyromancy, etc.

Divining-rod, 557

Dog, 348, 385, 762; to keep from barking, 729, 821; to cause to follow you, 787; use of parts of, 209, 332, 496-7, 500, 562-4, 574, 736, 788, 803; mad, 210, 413, 563, 762

Dog-days, 252, 484, 856

Dolphin, 423, 505, 768

Domestic science, 409, 503ff.

Dominicans, 305, 339, 374, 453, 525, 594ff., 629, 832-3, 843-4, 945; and see Bibliographies

Door, used in magic, 603; affected by magic, 287, 558, 729, 744

Dove, 15, 321, 507, 539

Dragon, 236, 262ff., 352, 380, 737; use of, 242; combat with elephant, 562; flying, 242, 433, 562, 657-8, 668; the constellation, 418, 967

Dreams, and interpretation of, chap. l, 40, 272, 276, 487, 605, 708, 710, 728, 902; Hildegard on, 154; John of Salisbury, 161-4; Michael Scot, 319, 326, 330; Bartholomew, 412; Vincent, 467; Albert, 558-9, 575-7; Arnald, 845, 847; Cecco, 955-6, 958

Dreaming-places, 290

Dromedary, 318

Dropsy, 470, 473, 485, 588

Drugs, 766, 769, 817

Drum, 603, 819

Duck, 147, 909

Dung, 209, 232, 496, 561, 728, 850, 909

Dyes, 573, 787, 806

Eagle, 195, 242, 301, 364, 420, 473, 487, 541, 544, 761, 854

Ear, 505

Earache, 761

Earth, sphericity of the, 35, 439-40, 864; virtue of, 140, 142, 147-8, 801-2; not allowing things to touch the ground, 421

Earthquake, 294

Ear-wax, 561, 736, 817

Earwig, 761

Eccentric, of planet, 176, 444, 446, 672

Ecclesiastical elections, 606; offices, 833

Echeneis or Echinus, 361, 379

Echo, 789

Eclipse, 68, 151, 223, 294, 325, 603, 804, 897; during Christ’s passion, 160, 371, 961

Economics, 11, 426

Eden, Garden of, see Paradise

Editions, especially early printed, William of Conches, 53, 63; Daniel Morley, 172-3; Neckam, 189, 191; Morienus, 215; Prester John, 239; Pseudo-Aristotle, 248, 267-8; Artemidorus, 290-1; Dream-Books of Daniel and Joseph, 294; _Morale Sompnium Pharaonis_, 296; Michael Scot, 307-8, 333; William of Auvergne, 338; Bartholomew, 401-3; Vincent, 457; _Thesaurus pauperum_, 490-1; John of St. Amand, 510; Aquinas, 594, 598; Bacon, 617-8, 679; Pseudo-Albert, 571, 721, 735, 737, 739; Bonatti, 826; Arnald, 846, 853; Lull, 862; Abano, 875, 882, 917-26, 935; Abraham Aben Ezra, 927-8

Education, as experienced or discussed by, Hugh of St. Victor, 8-10; Adelard, 20-24; William of Conches, 50-55, 61; Gerard of Cremona, 87-9; John of Salisbury, 155ff.; Daniel Morley, 172-4; Neckam, 188-90; Cantimpré, 374; Bartholomew, 403; Grosseteste, 437-8; Vincent, 458; Gilbert, 481; Peter of Spain, 488-90; Albert, 522-6; Aquinas, 595-8, 601-2; Bacon, 619-21, 627, 630ff., 640-2; Peckham, 629; Arnald, 843, 847; Lull, 863; Abano, 876-7, 879; Cecco, 950, 952, 954

Edward I, king of England, 309, 483, 909

Eel, 541

Egg, 886-7

Egypt, 42, 83, 162, 174, 190, 216, 293, 300, 349, 449, 755, 831

Egyptian Days, 420, 469, 484, 856

Elder tree, 563

Elections, astrological, 148, 183-4, 186, 255, 325, 390, 587, 673-4, 700, 831, 833-4; and see Ecclesiastical

Electricity, 906

Elements, 41-2, 56-7, 131, 136, 175-6, 242, 253, 275, 332, 334, 341, 360, 394, 420, 447, 462, 480, 564, 580, 594, 830, 836, 871, 886, 906; not found pure, 34, 53, 175, 231; harmony of, 671

Elephant, 403, 562, 646

Elijah, 801

Elysium, 12

_Ematites_, a gem, 908

Embassies, 238, 293, 843

Emerald, 143, 210, 236, 239, 363, 546-7, 553, 853, 908, 937

Empiricism, 209-10, 362, 482, 538, 657

Encyclopedias, medieval, chaps. liii, liv, lvi, 193, 315; modern, 382-5

Endor, witch of, 167

England and English, chaps. xxxvi, xli, xlii, xliii, liv, 156, 375, 428, 619-20, 788, 799-800, 802-3, 811

_Ephialtes_, 360

Epicurean, 61, 165, 582

Epidaurus, 290

Epilepsy, 143, 145-7, 151, 209, 349, 413, 470, 496-7, 515, 847-8, 904

Epitaph, 522, 913, 934

Error, causes of, 630-1, 636, 681

Errors, lists of condemned, 355, 571, 694, 707-12, 869-71, 882-3

Esau, see Jacob and

Eschinus, see Echineis

Esculapides, 269

Ethics, 630-1

Ethiopia and Ethiopic, 433, 562, 592, 656-7

Etruscan, 11

Etymology, 192, 315, 481, 572

Eucharist, 549, 649, 903

Eugenics, 151, 587

Eugenius III, pope, 126

Eunuch, 737

Euphrates, 265

Evangelists, four, 160

Eve, first woman, 60, 474-5

Excrement, human, 484

Exercise, physical, 409, 887

Exorcism, 168, 227, 320, 352, 359, 365, 439, 699, 892, 912

Experience, Experimental method, etc., chaps. lxiii, lxiv, lxv; and magic, 8, 227-8, 292, 343, 345, 347, 353, 546-9, 561, 658-9, 701, 707, 738, 820, 899, 977, 982; and divination, 115, 118, 161, 168, 301, 320; in 12th century astronomy and astrology, 67-71, 77-8, 87, 183-5; medical, 15, 412; in alchemy, 336; of India, 237; with worms, 386; at Paris, 657; of Adelard, 38-40; Neckam, 192, 196-7, 200, 202; Maimonides, 209-10; _Kiranides_, 229; Pseudo-Aristotle, 247, 249, 251, 257, 277; Michael Scot, 316, 321, 329; William of Auvergne, 341, 343, 345, 355, 360-4; Bartholomew, 433; Grosseteste, 439ff., 451; Witelo, 454-5; Peter of Spain, 494-5, 498-500, 507-10; John of St. Amand, 510-13; Albertus Magnus, 532, 534, 536, 538-48, 564, 566-72, 576; Roger Bacon, 306, 335, 647-59, 662, 664, 666, 681, 683; Arnald, 853-6, 859-60; Bernard Gordon, 856-7; Lull, 864; Abano, 884, 893, 899, 906, 912

Eye, structure of, 498; complaints and cures, 144, 363, 421, 469-70, 472, 484, 498, 506-7, 762, 766, 855, 860

Eyebrow, 144, 153, 498

Eye-glasses, 859

Eyelash, 144

Ezzelino, 827

Faith, requisite in magic, 160, 665, 817; in medicine, 887; and Reason, see Religion and science

Falcon and Falconry, 464, 562

Fame, love of, 273

Fascination, 169, 202, 248, 385, 553, 558, 574, 607-8, 614, 662, 664-5, 710, 900-2

Fasting, 143, 211, 227, 242, 413, 561, 604, 818, 909

Fat, 384, 504, 560, 909

Fate, 165, 462, 589-92, 613-5, 712, 866

Faun, 358

Feather, 144

Fee, physician’s, 881

Fennel, 508, 563

Ferdinand the Catholic, 864

Ferrara, 955, 965

Feudal, 30, 241, 424, 427, 634

Fever, 143-4, 151, 470, 504, 588, 886-7

Fig tree, 816

_Filcrum coarton_, a gem, 262

Finger and Fingers, middle, 140; two, 231; crossed, 790

Finland, magic of, 429

Fir tree, 139, 142-3, 200

Fire, the element, 41, 394, 420, 506, 817; marvelous, 252; use of, 144; at Rome in 192 A. D., 752; universal, 57; ordeal of, 818

Fireworks, 736-7, 791, 804, 807

Fish, 135, 143-4, 263, 327, 360, 423, 466, 504-8, 851

Flea, 147, 737

Flood, 57, 136, 222, 452, 582, 745, 897

Florence, 825, 952-4, 967-8

Floron, a spirit, 965

Flowers of St. John, 536-7

Fly and Flies, 484, 736-7, 763, 959

Flying machine, 654-5

_Foca_, 232

Foliot, Gilbert, 181

Folk-lore, 380, 815

Foot, 729

Footprint, 332

Forlì, 825ff.

Form, 420; specific, 565, 567, 854, 906; and see Good

Fountain, 349; marvelous, 180, 244; of youth, 219, 242, 798

Fox, 194, 209, 500

France, 70, 376, 427, 453

Francesco of Mantua, 879

Francis, St., 862

Franciscans, 305, 335, 403, 415, 418, 617, 620, 626-9, 642, 675, 682, 712, 796, 863, 945

Franciscus de Fullano, 836

Frankincense, 556

Frederick I, Barbarossa, 240, 271

Frederick II, emperor, see other index

Frederick of Sicily, 845

Frenzy, 412, 761

Freudian theory, 468

Friars, 305, 373, 501, 830, 958

Frog, 347, 359, 482, 497, 545, 762, 781, 854

Fruit, 505-6, 887

Fumigation, 135, 224ff., 288, 482, 560, 698, 766, 780-1, 817, 850-1, 854, 892, 912

Fungi, 506

Furnace, 572

Gabriel, angel, 900

_Galerites_, 729

Gall, 484, 496, 504, 561, 767, 781, 807, 850, 909 Ganges, 236

Gascony, 426

Gaul, 4, 20, 24, 28, 50, 87, 156, 375, 386

Gems, Hildegard on, 142-3; Neckam, 202; of India, 236, 242ff.; Pseudo-Aristotle, 252, 261ff., 275-6; William of Auvergne, 363; Thomas of Cantimpré, 387ff.; Bartholomew and Arnold of Saxony, 430-2; Vincent, 469-70; Albert, 566-7, 727; Abano, 908; found in animals, 210, 386, 421, 544; used by animals, 473

Generation, of various animals, 144, 359, 382, 386, and corruption, 417, 446, 670, 894; spontaneous, 137, 347, 465, 543, 728, 736-7, 744; human, 328-9, 886, 894, 910-1; magic, 353, 780

Genethlialogy, 451, 585

Genius, a kind of spirit, 104

Genoa, 638, 885

Gentian, 413

Gentiles, 174, 299, 462

Geocentric theory, 176

Geoffrey Plantagenet, 51

Geography, of Bartholomew, 406, 424-9; Bacon, 645, 648; other medieval, 396

Geomancy, chap. xxxix, 90, 237, 294, 319, 331, 445, 588, 606, 701-2, 707, 712, 835-8, 865, 869, 890, 912

Geometry, 83, 88, 299, 456, 485, 641, 648, 651, 790, 885

Geranium, 140

German language, 128, 540-1; scholarship, 518-9

Germany, 375, 403, 405, 525, 558, 740

_Gesha_, a gem, 261

Gesticulation, 209

Gild, 651, 879; and see Artisan

Girdle, 143-8, 265-6

Girl, magic power, 146; medieval, 411; who ate spiders, 544; and see Virgin

Glass, mirror, 190, 199; chapel, 244; cask, cave, or submarine, 263; vessels, 321, 372, 387; spheres and tigress, 543; perspective-, 680; lantern, 785

Glaucus of Beneventum, 761

Gloss and Glossator, 327, 764

Glow-worm, 737, 786

Glue, 788

Gnostic, 857, 867

Goat, 385, 546, 854

Goat-milker, 473 God and gods, celestial, 530; terrestrial, 350; factitious, 350; name of, 224, 352, 391, 407, 873; Adelard avoids discussion of, 41; Lull on, 865, 872; miscellaneous, 893; and stars, see Star and Astrology; and nature, see Religion and Science

Gold, 202, 224, 236, 817, 855, 858, 899, 908; potable, 806, 854

“Good form,” 981

Goose, 147, 505, 793

Gothic cathedrals, 536

Gout, 482, 807, 847, 887

Grammar, 52, 72, 129, 156, 325, 439, 644, 648, 788

Gravitation, force of, 35-6

Greece, 20, 184, 546

Greek, 178, 241, 437, 640-1, 644-5

Greek fire, 31, 736, 784ff.

Green, 35

Gregory VIII, pope, 76

Gregory IX, pope, 231-2

Gregory X, pope, 490

Gregory XI, pope, 864

Griffin, 236, 420, 541, 546

Gualfridinus, 957

Guido of Montefeltro, 828

Guido of Valencia, bishop of Tripoli, 270

Gunpowder, 31, 688-91, 736, 786, 793; noiseless, 807

Gurkhan of Kara Khitai, 240

Guy de Foulques, 622; and see Clement IV

Gymnosophists, 378

Gypsum, 910

Hadrian, emperor, 860

Hair, 331, 483, 496, 563, 744, 834; tonic, 565, 793

Ham, son of Noah, first magician, 321, 449, 911

Hand, 31; clapping, 819

Hardewin the Teuton, 156

Hare, 736, 817

Harlot, 348

Harpy, 541

_Haruspex_, 166, 319, 553

Hawk, 15, 200

Hazel rod, 361, 512, 659, 662, 690

Head, magic, speaking, etc., 680, 825

Headache, 144, 146, 412, 761

Hearsay, 381, 542

Heart, physiology of, 298-9, 513, 907; use of, 144-7, 232, 362, 384, 422, 497-8, 555, 574, 729, 767, 851; disease, 508, 880

Heat and Hot, 142, 817 Heaven and Heavens, one or many? 131ff., 176-7, 275, 322, 332, 414-6, 581; animated? 287, 333, 367; empyrean, 355-6, 414-5; revolution of eighth sphere, 871, 895-6; and see Stars, Music of Spheres, Waters above firmament

Hebrew and Hebrews, 67, 120, 174, 192, chap. xliv, 261, 268, 272, 286, 312, 363, 437, 495, 640-1, 644-5, 778, 780, 824, 863, 877-8, 926, 930, 937

Hecate, 279

Hedge-hog, 762

Heliotrope, an herb, 724, 728; a gem, 361, 363, 429, 470, 961

Hellenistic, 678

_Helun_, a beast, 148

Hemorrhage, 469, 853

Hemorrhoids, 432

Hen, 484

Henry VII, emperor, 933

Henry I, king of England, 23, 48, 69, 72

Henry II, king of England, 21, 49, 51, 65, 156, 160

Henry III, king of England, 619, 675

Henry VII, king of England, 181, 827

Henry of Eastry, 25

Herbs, Hildegard on, 141-2; _Kiranides_, 231, 233-4; Pseudo-Aristotle, 275-6; William of Auvergne, 362; Vincent, 472-3; Albert, 555-6, 564-6, 727; in sculpture, 536-7; miscellaneous, 505, 656, 851; plucking of, 140-1, 160, 209, 234, 466, 472, 482, 556, 608, 728

Heredity, 910, 956

Heresy, 127, 239, 531, 831, 944; and see Errors, Inquisition

Hermaphrodite, 109, 329, 376

Heron, 144-5, 513

Herring fisheries, 386

Hippocratic school, 769; for Hippocrates see other index

History, Hugh of St. Victor on, 11; Bacon on, 646-7; modern critical, 685, uncritical, 980; ages of, 475; and astrology, 42, 647, 897, and see Conjunctions; of astronomy, 321-2; of science, 533-4, 681; of magic, 647, 659-60

Hole, 482

Holm oak, 135

Holy Ghost, 152, 367 Holy salt, 353

Holy wafer, 903

Holy water, 353, 850

Homeopathy, 907

Honey, 324, 393, 434, 506, 565, 795, 817

Honorius III, pope, 311

Honorius IV, pope, 881, 935

Hoopoe, 288, 362, 421-2, 497, 555, 729, 763

Horaeus, 52

Horn and Horns, used, 496, 854; magic, 264; why men don’t have, 30

Horoscope, 14, 107, 672, 956

Horse, 262, 359, 390; meat, 506; wild, 904

Hour, observance of, 201-3, 293, 300, 327, 344, 670-1, 819, 855; length of, 185

House, astrological, 5, 486, 871-2; marvelous, 782

Howard, Thomas, Earl of Arundel, 172

Howard, William, Lord, 172

Hubert de Burgh, 675

Hubert Walter, 478

Hugo Eterianus, 292

Human body, physiology of, 57, 152, 192, 311, 499-500, 886; virtue of, 734, 907; use of parts of, 142-3, 474, 480, 496, 816-7; is human flesh nutritious?, 503; how poisoned?, 907

Humanism of twelfth century, 51, 191

Humors, 150-2, 762

Humphrey, duke of Gloucester, 121

Hundred Years War, 406

Hunting, 157

Hydromancy, 86, 320, 701-2

Hyena, 199, 544

Hygiene, 886

Hyperborean, 440

Hypnotism, 346, 467, 901

Hyssop, 227

Ice, 148, 818

Idolatry, 343-4, 698, 702

Idols, of Lucretius, 667; of Francis Bacon, 681

Illuminated manuscripts, 15, 111-2, 117-8, 121, 263, 286, 322, 761, 788, 827

Illumination of mind and soul, 362, 865

Image, engraved and astrological, 158, 164-5, 177, 220, 223ff., 231-2, 251, 257-8, 275-6, 280, 287ff., 327, 351, 370, 388ff., 399-400, 469-70, 549, 579, 588, 603, 615, 658, 673-4, 676, 731, 802, 815ff.; Albert on, 567; Aquinas, 610-1; _Speculum astronomiae_, 696, 698ff.; Bonatti, 835; Arnald, 857-9; Abano, 898-900, 908; Cecco, 958-9; wax, 814, 818, 835; other magic, 264, 349, 806

Imagination, power of, 608, 614, 911

Impotence, 605, 821, 850, 853

Incantation, chap. lxvi, 141ff., 160, 232, 237, 242-3, 258, 275-6, 320; in Vincent, 466, 470; in 13th century medicine, 482-3, 498, 851-2, 858; Albert, 563, 574; Aquinas on, 608; Bacon, 621, 652, 661-5, 669; Abano, 889-90, 900, 902-4; Cecco, 953; in books of experiments, 731, 780, 788, 802-3, 807; experiments that work as well without, 361, 513, 662; and see Notory Art; Words, power of

Incense, 817, 820

Incubus, 299, 353, 358, 897, 960

India, chap. xlviii, 92, 224, 236-7, 293, 300, 325, 336, 346-7, 433, 588, 645-6, 656, 786, 885, 894, 898-9

_Indicum_, 434

Infancy and Infant, 32, 332, 834, 957; and see Child-birth

Ink, 288, 788, 800, 806; invisible, 467; and see Writing

Innocent IV, pope, 309, 459, 943

Innocent V, pope, 525

Innocent VIII, pope, 743

Inoculation, 907

Inquisition, 206-7, 368; Bacon and, 31, 688-9; Arnald and, 843, 846; Spanish, 851; Délicieux and, 860-1; Lull, 864; Abano, 875, 881, 934, 938-47; Cecco, chap. lxxi

Insanity, 142-3

Insect, 537

Insomnia, of Rasis, 754, 766

Instruments, scientific, 29-30, 454, 627, 652-3, 884; musical, see Music

Intellect, active, 631, 633; unity of, 633

Intent, as a factor in magic, 665

Interpolations, 240, 461-6, 492, 722

Interrogations, astrological, 183-6, 255, 326, 370, 390, 579, 701, 711, 832-3, 893; of geomancy, 838

Intestines, 470, 899 Inventions, church and, 30-1; Roger Bacon and, 651, 654-5, 682-3; Francis Bacon and, 681; magic and, 975-6

Invisible, to become, 232, 287, 363, 387, 470, 603, 729, 800, 961; and see Writing

Ionicon, 322

Ireland and Irish, 190, 236, 408

Iron, use of, 232, 793; taboo of, 386, 496, 819; oriental, 392

Irrigation, 249, 601

Israelites, 389

Italy and Italian, chaps, lxvii, lxx, lxxi, 824, 925

Jacinth, 141

Jacob and Esau, 469, 591

Jacob of Brescia, 952

Jacob of Padua, 941

James II, king of Aragon, 843-6

Jasper, 135, 331, 364, 389, 470

Jaundice, 482, 561

Jealousy, 54, 248, 769, 910, 967

Jerusalem, 160, 216, 239

Jew and Jewish, chap. xliv, 42, 195, 278, 288, 290, 299, 314, 389

Joachimite ideas, 842

John the Baptist, feast of, 483, 537

John XXII, pope, 713, 881, 935-8

John XXIII, pope, 644

John, bishop of Norwich, 174

John, patriarch of India, 239

John Orbelian, 240

John Venibene, 956

John of Vicenza, 831-2

John, see Prester, and other index

Joints, of fingers and toes, 324; pains in, 752

Joseph’s divining cup, 159

Judges in schemes of divination, 113ff.

Juggler, 789

Julian, father of Peter of Spain, 488

Julius Caesar, 896

Juno, used for planet Venus, 109

Jupiter, the planet, 418, 583, 672, 834-5

Jusquiam, an herb, 496, 556, 725, 733

Kathariel, spirit of Saturn, 323

Katherine, St., 327

King and Kingship, discussed, 268, 272-3, 909; as patron of learning, 189; predictions for, 296, 302, 583-4, 672, 895-6 Knife, 111, 789

Knot, in magic and divination, 429, 819

Laboratory, 216, 538, 572, 653

Ladder of Hermes, 481

Lamp, experiment with, 737, 782; marvelous, 786

Land and water on earth’s surface, 645

Langton, Stephen, archbishop of Canterbury, 311-2

Language and Languages, 728; scientific study of, 81, 192, 630, 640, 644-7, 863; of animals or birds, 730, 782

Lantern, 785

Laon, 47

Lar, 357

Lateran Council, Second, 31; Fourth, 465

Latin, learning, 70-1, 174, 375, 644, 677; and see Education, Scholasticism, Style, Textual criticism, Translation

Laudanum, 324-5

Laurel, 506, 728, 816

Law, canon, 158, 189, 329-30, 631, 668, 931; Mosaic, 162, 208, 212, 345, 371, 386; Roman, 172-3, 179, 189, 193, 634, 636, 647, 896, 931; miscellaneous, 273, 733, 834; and see Inquisition, Legislation, Trial

Laxative, 275, 504, 565

Lead, 224, 392, 802, 817, 857; pencil, 173

Leather, 860

Left hand, etc., used or preferred, 231-2, 329, 482, 736, 762-3, 854, 887

Legislation, concerning magic, 284, 660, 814

Lemon pips, 210

Lens, magnifying, 440-1, 456, 668

Lent, 465

Leopard, 145, 817, 909

Leprosy, 147, 331, 413, 573, 791

Lettuce, 564

Levitation, 359, 821, 904

Liberal arts, seven, 8, 23, 72, 190, 449, 788ff., 889; and see Quadrivium

Libraries, medieval, 62, 462, 627, 677, 845

Ligatures and suspensions, 14, 140, 142-3, 160, 209, 433, 470, 482, 494, 496, 498, 561, 573, 608, 736, 762-3, 769, 779, 793, 853-4, 902

Light, 332, 344, 456, 591-2, 899 Lightning, 564

Like loves like, 732

Lily, 728

Lincoln cathedral, 536

Linen, 391, 763

Liniment, 780

Lion, 57, 145, 361, 631, 732, 762; Thomas of Cantimpré on, 381-5; use of parts of, 243, 433, 560, 732-3; figure of, 857-8, 899

Lioness, amours of, 384, 563

Liturgy, 292, 801

Liver, disease, 565; divination, 299, 486; use of, 135, 145, 148, 393, 484, 496-7, 561, 764

Livonia, 403

Lizard, 484, 786

Locusts, to avert, 854

Logic, 4, 155-7, 247, 489, 648, 865, 886; magic, 144-7

Longevity, 655, 658, 894, 899; predictable, 149, 701; and see Fountain of youth

Loosing bonds, 729, 737

Lord’s Prayer, 116, 120, 296, 467, 482, 608, 801, 848, 851-2, 952

Lorraine, 427

Lot-casting, 111ff., 320, 606-7, 662, 707; and see Geomancy, and in other index _Sortes sanctorum_

Louis IX, St., king of France, 448, 458-9

Louis of Bavaria, emperor, 954

Love, 349, 731, 958; charms and potions, 291, 555, 731, 736-7, 802, 808

Lunacy, 145, 907

Lung, 143, 145, 412, 565

Lynx, 200

Lyons, Council of, 526

Machinery, 654-5

Magi, who came to Christ child, 6, 111, 239, 318, 483, 497, 553, 591, 611-2, 614, 904, 961; of Persia and east, 291; Prester John and, 239; Michael Scot on, 318

Magic, chaps, lxiii, lxv, lxvi; discussed by Hugh of St. Victor, 13-5; Hildegard, 138-9; John of Salisbury, 157; Maimonides, 208-9; Michael Scot, 318-21; William of Auvergne, 341-9, 353-4; Albert, 548-60, 704-6; Aquinas, 602-5; Bacon, 659-63, 704-6; Cecco, 963-4; Pico della Mirandola, 970; as an art, 605; use or abuse of nature, 139; materials employed, 138-9, 227, 603; personal requirements of magician, 209, 604-5, 733, 817-8; relation to science and medicine, 8, 79-80, 138-9, 559-60, 604-5, 663, 666, 816, 848, 977, 982; reality of, 319-20, 603; fraud and illusion of, 14, 343, 345, 349, 358, 585, 660-1, 669, 821, 975; evil, 319-20, 604, 713; good or natural, 237, 339, 343, 346-7, 550, 554, 970; immunity from, 352-3, 553, 731; marvelous results of, 603, 821; history of, 647, 659-60, 911; final definition, 973ff.; of the present, 979-81; and see Accusation, Legislation, _Maleficium_, Necromancy, Sorcery, Witchcraft, etc.

Magna Graecia, 46

Magnet, 48, 143, 261, 316, 359, 361, 388, 482, 524, 556, 566, 607, 734, 769, 791, 854, 907; magnetic poles, 907

_Magnus annus_, 203, 370, 418, 589, 710, 744, 895

Majorca, 862-64

_Maleficium_, 14, 158, 320, 347, 551, 604, 901; personified, 138-9

Mallow plant, 140

Mandragora, 135, 139, 142, 817

Manfred, king of Sicily, 221, 254, 757, 930, 965

Mani and Manicheism, 60, 611, 672

Mania, 408, 858

Manna, 243, 324-5, 393

Mansions of sun or moon, 113ff., 183, 223, 699, 820

_Mantike_, 14

Manuel Comnenus, emperor, 230, 240, 292

Manuscripts, are discussed too frequently in notes and text to index; for individual MSS see Index of Manuscripts; for Illuminated MSS see Illumination

Maps, 426

Marble, 386, 737

Marduch, 298

Maria or Marietta, Abano’s housekeeper, 940, 946

_Maria_, a star, 387

Mariner’s compass, see Compass

Marriage, 605, 850

Mars, the planet, 418, 583

Marseilles, 91-3, 181, 206, 486-7, 638, 844

Marsilius de Carrara, 943

Martin IV, pope, 828

Martin de Oliviera, 937

Martyr and Martyrdom, 333, 682, 863, 949

Marvels, chap. lxiii; of Toledo, 174; of Prester John, 241ff.; and experience, 655, 734; of art and nature, 663-8, 733-4, 737-8; cures, 768-9

Mary, the Virgin, 355, 549, 672

Mass, sacrament of, 800, 851

_Matesis_, see _Mathesis_

_Mathematica_, 14

Mathematical method, 647-9, 682

Mathematics, 438, 630, 803, 813; teaching of, 641

_Mathematicus_, 11, 148, 309, 418, 445, 553, 580, 669

_Mathesis_, 11, 158, 319, 580, 669

Matilda, wife of Henry I of England, 45

Matter, 181, 368, 420, 581, 633, 699; eternity or indestructibility of, 36, 208

Mead, 434

Meal, 148, 506

Measurement, 653

Meat, cooked made to appear raw, 787

Mechanical devices, 654, 661, 669, 865

Medicine, chaps. lvii, lviii, lxiv, lxviii, lxx, 289, 533-6, 542, 802, 804, 807, 828; of Hildegard, 126, 130; _Secret of Secrets_, 273; Michael Scot, 331; Bartholomew, 412-3; Lull, 866-7, 872; theological attitude toward, 15, 168, 364, 369; and see Astrological, History of, etc.

Melancholy, 137, 145, 408, 506, 850, 907

Melon, 834

Memory, 34, 584

Menstrual fluid, 329, 332, 470

_Mephus_, a tree, 781

Mercenaries, English companies of, 802

Merchant, 273, 349

Mercury, metal, 471, 573, and see Quicksilver; planet, 234, 325, 672, 955

Merlin, 190, 331, 954, 960

Mermaid, 544

_Meropis_, an herb, 555

Metals and Metallurgy, 32, 217, 392, 459, 572, 788, 806; and see Planets and, Alchemy

Meteor, 562

Methodism, in medicine, 499

Michael, the angel, 288, 900

Michael, bishop of Tarazona, 86-7, 257

Microcosm, 153, 174, 325, 377, 446, 577, 586

Microscope, 112, 441

Middle ages, influence in, of early Christian literature, 53, 157; Adelard, 43; William of Conches, 61-2; Daniel of Morley, 180-1; and see Classical Heritage

Midnight, 140, 144

Milk, cow’s, 434, 728-9, 793, 887; woman’s, 32, 505, 563, 744; other, 496, 505, 737

Mill, 351, 787

Millionaires, 349

Mind, occult virtue of, 557, 731, 849, 902

Mining, 545

Mineralogy, 261, 545, 573

_Minium_, 434, 573

Miracle, 552, 631; of apostle Thomas, 238-9; John of Vicenza, 831; distinguished from magic, 148, 160-1, 602-3; denied, 944

Mirror, 177, 190, 199, 262, 442; comic and magic, 243, 287, 789, 806, 817; and see Divination by polished surfaces, Optics

_Miserere_, 296

Missionary, 863

Mob, see Populace

Modern, 25-6, 58, 86-7, 91, 210, 413, 450-1, 464, 495, 548, 729

Modesty or lack of, in writers, 406, 499, 643, 761, 764

Mohammed and Mohammedanism, 20, 42, 672, 863, 897-8

Mole, 147, 288, 336, 341, 545, 737, 793

Monasticism, 14, 189ff., 299, 363, 381, 437, 487, 490, 634, 758, 761, 806, 838

Monster, 264, 358, 433, 537; and see Chimaera

Monstrous races, 241, 376

Monte Cassino, 595-6

Monteus, “friend,” 759-60

Montfort, Simon de, 448, 622

Month, specified, 856

Montheus, see Monteus

Montpellier, 190, 200, 336, 525, 843, 845, 852-3, 863, 881, 935

Moon, controls generation and corruption, 145, 150-1, 164, 326, 329, 393; observance of, 113, 116, 143, 148, 152-3, 209, 234, 319, 323, 325, 467, 569, 588, 671, 795, 856; relation to other planets and to signs, 484-5, 804; man in, 192; addressed, 819; and see Bleeding, Mansions of

Moonbeam, 72, 202

Moon-tree, 389

_Morea_, 231

Morphea, a disease, 471

Moth, 560

Mouse, 146, 393, 817, 909

Mountain, 236, 424

Mouth, holding in, 143

Moving picture, 384

Murder, 482

Muscle, 158, 565

Music, 790; divisions of, 37; and astrology, 40; and medicine, 445, 887; instruments, 45, 363, 435; of the spheres, 203, 325

Myrtle, 506

Mysticism, 9, 272, 764

Mythology, 57, 191

Nahe river, 126, 132

Nail, metal, 148, 209

Nail parings, 483, 834

Names, see Christ, God, Place, and Words, power of

Naples, 284, 314, 596-7, 757, 843, 959

Napoleon, 785

Narce, 780

Narcotic, 559; and see Anaesthetic

Nasturtium, 565

Nativities, 152, 212, 255, 300, 326, 369, 585, 700, 893, 895, 955-6

Nature, 733, 857; nothing impure in, 30; medieval love of, 537

Navigation, 80, 177, 236, 654; and see Compass

Nebuchadnezzar, 299, 449, 897-8; era of, 898

Necromancy, chap. lxvi, 166; Michael Scot on, 319, 322, 327; William of Auvergne, 343, 358; Albert, 549-52, 555-6, 579; Bacon, 661; at Paris, 707, 713; in experimental books, 782, 800, 803; Arnald on, 848-50; Lull and theistic argument from, 861, 872-3; relation to science, 72, 80, 177, 346, 734; images of, 258, 280, 356, 696, 698, 701, 705-6, 731, 899-900; Abano and, 912, 946; Cecco and, 963-6

Nectanebus, 246, 264, 350, 587, 700

Needle, 227

Neo-Platonism, 531

Nero, emperor, 134

Nestorians, 239

Nightingale, 144

Night time, and magic, 319, 899, 976; and see Midnight

Nigromancy, see Necromancy

Nile, 583

Nine, 143, 280, 496, 563

Nitrate, 484

Noah, 254; as one of three Hermeses, 215, 222; sons of, 837

Nogaret, 843

Noiseless guns and powder, 807

Noon, 140

Norman and Normandy, 45, 51

Nose, why above mouth, 30

Nosebleed, 761

Notebook, 264

Notory art, chap. xlix, 235, 319, 604, 903-4

Nudity, 802

Number, observed and perfect, 53, 276-7, 366, 444, 485, 702, 904

Numerals, Hindu-Arabic, 237, 312

Nymph, 357

Oak, 387

Obscenity, in magic or medicine, 561, 743-4, 817

Observation, by Adelard, 39; medieval astronomers, 186, 262; Bartholomew, 406; Witelo, 456; Albert, 532, 534, 539-41, 547; sculptors, 536-7; Bacon, 652; reputed Chaldean, 838; Arnald, 843, 864; Abano, 884

Occult virtue, discussed in general by, John of Salisbury, 160-1; Neckam, 201-2; Maimonides, 209-10; Michael Scot, 324, 331; William of Auvergne, 361ff.; Thomas of Cantimpré, 387-8; Peter of Spain, 494, 507, 511; Albert, 565-6; Aquinas, 607; Bacon, 664, 667; Arnald, 854-5; Abano, 892-3; relation to fetishism and animism, 893; miscellaneous, 766, 769, 779, 972

Octave, 203, 325

Odor, 434, 905

Oil, 413, 484, 505-6, 561, 737, 753, 762, 766, 786, 817

Old men, death of, desired, 526

Old-wives, 351, 358, 482, 608, 662, 851, 853; and see Witch

Oliviera, Martin de, 937

Olympias, mother of Alexander, 587

Olympus, Mt., 242

Omens and portents, 159-60, 301

_Onager_, or wild ass, 474

Onocentaur, 380

Onyx, 243

Ophites, a Gnostic sect, 867

_Opthalmius_, a gem, 729

“Opinion,” in animals, 35

Opium, 496, 755

Optics, 80, 89, 409, 592; Grosseteste, 438, 440-3; Witelo, 454-6; Roger Bacon, 619, 629-30, 638, 649, 667-8; optical illusions, 561, 736, 787, 885

Oracle, 269, 291, 298

Orbelian, John, 240

Ordeal, 736-7, 786, 903

Originality, 10, 53, 131, 618, 635, 764

_Origanum_, an herb, 508, 564

Ostia, 279

Ostrich, 386, 541

Ouija board, 110

Owl, 195, 336, 729

Ox, 807

Oxford, 190, 355, 438, 525, 621, 629, 634, 637-8, 685-6, 863

Oyster, 191

Padua, 456, 523, 875-6, 879-83, 888-9, 914-6, 930-3, 941-7

Paganism, 102, 141, 288

Pain, 886

Painting, 889

Palazzo della Ragione, 889

Palermo, 638

Palestine, 244

Palmistry, 282; and see Chiromancy

Pamphile, a witch, 975-6

Pan, a kind of spirit, 104

Panacea, 471

Papacy, 238-9, 596; and poisons, 905, 909, 938; papal physicians, 244-5, 479, 490, chap. lviii, 844-6, 881; other patronage of science, 311-2, 622ff., 643, 689, 758, 881, 901, 939, 945; abuses at papal court, 437

Paradise, 198, 238, 242, 387, 462, 474

Paralysis, 145, 506, 560, 588, 768, 887

Parchment, 227, 288, 482, 627, 788, 800

Pard, 382

Parietary, 852

Paris, and university of, 4, 52, 155, 172-3, 189, 237, 306, 313-4, 339, 355, 362, 374, 381, 403, 405, 415, 427, 489-90, 523-8, 545, 576, 595ff., 601, 628, 634, 637-40, 645, 657, 675, 694, 707, 712, 742, 792, 801, 803, 842-4, 863, 869-71, 877, 915, 929

Parliament, 621

Parrot, 473

Parsley, 508, 565

Partridge, 496

_Paternoster_, see Lord’s prayer

Patriarchs, 283, 632, 646, 671, 894

Paul, apostle, 333; potion of, 481, 860

Paul II, pope, 832

Peacock, 195

Pearl, 513

Peking, 674

Pelican, 542

Penalty, 273

Penance, 391, 952

Penates, 358

Pentagon, 280, 288, 351

Peony, 209, 359

People, 273

Pepper, 472, 506, 733, 817, 851

Peripatetic, 37, 70, 450, 584, 896, 902, 939

Persecution, reputed cases of, 31, 311, 620ff., 628, 674-7, 682, 685, 707

Persia and Persian, 228, 239-40, 261, 278, 293, 299-300, 449, 612, 898

Persian fire, 565

Personification, 23, 48, 102

Perspective, see Optics

Peter III, king of Aragon, 843

Peter, _Judex de Altichino_, 933

Pharaoh’s fig, 877; magicians, 8, 296, 350, 408, 552

Pharmacy, 480, 856

Philip of Macedon, 262

Philip IV, the Fair, king of France, 843, 938

Philology, see Etymology, and Languages, scientific study of

Philosopher’s stone, 215ff., 802

Philosophy, Greek, 25, 30, 174, 179, 195, 480; history of, 448-50, 646-7; medieval, 53, 70, 157, 340, 522, 630, 635, 637, 765, 889-91; divisions of, 283; and magic, 72, 663

Phison river, 239

Phoenix, 532

Phoenicia, 361

_Physica_, 10, 160

Physics, 72, 89, 198, 591, 649, 765

_Physicus_, 422

Physiognomy, 169, 328-9, 485, 575, 887, 890, 910

Physiology, 408

Pie, 505

Pietro di Tarantasia, see Innocent V

Pig, 57, 325, 412, 505, 764, 766

Pill, 140, 331, 482, 753, 761, 769

Pisa, 638

Pith, 563

Place names, 30

Placides, 791

Plagiarism, 88, 216, 626-7

Plagues of Egypt, 223, 352, 583

Planetary week, 203

Planets, motion, 195; properties, 57, 417-8, 820, 829, 834-5, 849, 868-9; and metals, 42, 323, 335, 445, 452, 797; and herbs, 908; and human body, 486, 833, 855-6; and religious change, 42, 370, 672, and see Conjunctions; spirits of, 323, 820, 888, 900

Plantagenet, an herb, 139, 482

Plaster, 324, 412, 480, 766, 852

Plate, metal, 854

Platonism, 5, 55, 178

Plumbing, 392, 678

Plurality of benefices, 312

Poetry, 100, 191, 862

Poison, Maimonides on, 210-1; Abano, 904-10; poisonous human beings, 277, 483, 544; other cases of, 413, 483, 504, 714, 861; safeguards against, 144, 242, 386, and see Antidote

Poland, 454, 526, 545

Politics, 11, 953-4

Poplar, 506

Populace and Popular risings, control of stars over, 369, 586, 610, 671, 890; and see _Vulgus_

Pork, 147, 505

Pottery, 34, 572, 801

_Practica_, 801-2

Practical utility, Roger Bacon’s insistence on, 630, 641, 651, 678, 681

Practice, medical, 480, 575, 684, 740, 761, 881

_Praestigium_, 15, 320, 551, 556

Prayer, 55, 126, 274, 327, 369, 549, 666; and see Incantation, Lord’s Prayer, Notory art

Predestination, 866

Prester John, chap. xlvii, 270

Priest, 39, 391, 497, 740-2, 835, 850

Priscillianists, 611

Private parts, 480, 561

Professions, learned, 54, 317, 769

Prometheus, 647

Prophecy, 168, 212, 354, 357, 359, 461, 558, 902

Providence, 166, 589

Psychology, 408, 461, 497

Pulse, 887

Pun, 189

Purgatory, 286, 325

Purification, 142, 288, 320, 352, 729

Purple, 231, 421

Pygmy, 357

Pyrenees, 322

Pyrites, 431

Pyromancy, 86, 701-2

Pythagorean, 487, 566, 574, 895

_Quadrivium_, 10, 22, 80, 156

Quadruped, 145ff.

Qualities, four, 34, 54, 480, 507, 733, 871, 886; innate, 732

Quicklime, 782, 785, 793

Quicksilver, 263, 499, 500, 573, 793, 797, 907; and see Mercury

_Quinquefolium_, an herb, 725

Quinsy, 852-3, 858

Rabbi, 206, 209

Races, monstrous, 241, 376

Radiation of force, light, etc., 443, 455, 648, 667, 906

Rainbow, 440, 547, 652

Rain-making, 780-1, 910, 976

Rain-water, 133

Raphael, the angel, 288, 900

Rat, 792

Raymond, archbishop of Laon, 33, 627

Raymond, archbishop of Toledo, 73, 76

Readers and Reading, medieval, 10, 481

Reason, process of, 299, 317, 983; and experience, 28-9, 78, 298-301, 499, 508ff., 727, 734, 765, 854-5; life of, 981

Red, used, 231, 413, 482

Red Sea, 236, 387, 729

Reed, 363, 497

Reformed churches, 845

Reflection and Refraction, see Optics

_Regulus_, a serpent, 905

Reims, 340

Relics, 601

Religion, medieval attitude, 192, 493, 528, 571, 649, 678, 764-7, 779, 826, 888, 939; and magic and astrology, 42, 284, 370, 962; and science, 28, 31, 58-62, 131, 168-9, 175, 179ff., 197-8, 207-8, 305-6, 327-8, 340ff., 415, 439, 530-1, 600ff., 631-2, 640, 644, 709-13, 863, 939, 971-2; and see Theology

Renaissance, 273, 593, 883

Reputation for magic, see Accusation of

Resurrection of the body, 355-6, 671, 944

Resuscitation of corpses, 287, 656, 831, 903

Revelation, 647, 855

Revolutions, astrological, 700, 832-4, 895-6, 960

Rhetoric, 24, 72, 100, 296-7, 341, 788-9

Rheum, 858

Rialto, 244

Rich, Edmund, archbishop of Canterbury, 459

Richard I, king of England, 188

Richard, bishop of Bayeux, 21, 44ff.

Riddles, 789

Right, hand, etc., used or preferred, 144-6, 231, 329, 421, 482, 508, 729-30, 762, 767, 854, 887

Ring, 143, 280, 321, 351, 387, 793, 853, 908, 959

Ringworm, 473

River, 132-3, 802

Roads, medieval, 623

Robbers, 232, 574

Robert, king of Naples, 846, 967

Romances, medieval vernacular, 263

Rome, 189, 239, 525, 596-7, 629, 861, 863

Rose, 561, 787; oil of, 384

Royal Society, 804

Ruddy complexion, 336

Rue, 386; eaten by weasel, 506

Ruins excavated, 526

Rustic experience, 509

Sabians, 756

Sacrament, last, 832

Sacrifice, 228, 288, 321, 347, 556, 603, 652, 666, 669, 755, 817, 820; human, 319-21, 964

Saffron, 140, 820

Saga, Norse, 540

Sage, the spice, 790

Saint, see Canonization, Relics

St. Albans, 188

Saladin, 206

Sal ammoniac, 472, 793, 797

Salamander, 242, 473, 909

Salary, professor’s, 931-3

Salerno, 46, 190, 200, 210, 482, 757, 851

Saliva, 142ff., 202, 211, 277, 360, 483, 561, 817, 860

Salmon, 143

Salt, 336, 453, 483, 573, 797; and see Holy

Saltpeter, 690, 737, 793, 807

Salvia, 386, 744, 790

Sanjar the Seljuk, 240

Sapphire, 242, 363, 431, 553, 566, 855

Sardonix, a gem, 242

Sarpedon, 290

_Satia_, a spirit, 358

Satire, 872

Saturn, the planet, 57, 289, 418, 820, 869, 894

Satyr, 358

Saxony, 526, 545

Scab, 473

Scammony, 511

Scarification, 412

Scepticism, see Credulity and

Schism, papal, 126

Scholasticism, chap. xxxv, 19, 26, 272, 315, 502, 613, 632-3, 641, 647, 681, 730, 738, 885

Scholiast and Scholium, 232

Sciatica, 761

Scientific spirit, curiosity, etc., 27, 31ff., 139, 196-7, 406, 503ff., 535ff., 657, 663, 792, 816, 886, 891-2, 970-1, 978-9; and see Experience, Observation, Religion and science

Scorpion, 210, 383, 413, 561, 699, 768, 796, 899

Scot and Scotland, 428

Sculpture, 536-7

Sea, 132, 341; of sand, 242

Sea-calf, 899; fowl, 190; serpent, 544

Seasons, four, 300, 886-7

Secrecy, 197, 224, 258, 265, 267, 271, 284, 299, 320, 571, 621, 625, 636, 663, 754, 761, 763, 765, 805, 835, 905, 982

Seed, grows instantly, 782

_Semen_, 332, 345

Sense, deceived, 789; of nature, 348, 350, 361, 407; origin of all ideas, 847

Sepulcher, 423

Serf and Servant, 410

Sermon, 375-6, 634, 952

_Serpentaria_, a root, 908

Seven, 41, 72, 111, 153, 224, 276, 323, 392, 498, 563, 737, 788, 817-9, 866

Seven Sleepers, 725, 759

Sex and Sexual, observed in magic, 147, 353, 494, 563, 736, 899; predicted, 329, 469, 590, 744, 838; controlled, 730; medieval and modern attitude to discussion of, 742-3; of snake, 413; of palms, 361; of planets, 164, 417; intercourse, 224, 329, 331, 353, 358, 382, 546, 561, 901

Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego, 298

Shaving the head, 142, 412, 563

Sheep, 190, 348, 733

Sheepskin, 147

Shem, 321, 449

Ship, 349, 835

Shipwreck, 232

Shirt, 483

Shoe, 143

Sicily, 30, 45, 309-10, 341

Sick room, 506

Siena, 489

Sieve, 903

Sigmund, Count Palatine, 740

Silence, observed, 482, 487

Silk, 231, 819

Silvanus, 104

Silver, 202, 224, 470, 818, 853-4, 907

Simon Magus, 320, 954

Simples, 510, 816-7

Sin, 286, 324, 328, 474-5, 858, 870; effect on nature, 136, 192, 201; as an obstacle to science, 632

_Sinciput_, 737

Siphon, 199, 249, 790, 804

Siren, 380

Skin, 143, 145, 484, 560; changing, 795

Skull, 859

Slav and Slave, 909

Sleep, 887

Sleight-of-hand, 343, 345, 661, 669, 789

Smallpox, 482-3

Smoke, 362

Snake, Alexander and, 262, 266; experiments with, 656, 785, 794-6; charming, 904; safeguards against, 420, 483, 506, 539, 561; medicinal and other use of, 226, 413, 484, 513, 769; skin of, 74, 345, 363, 498; poison of, 905, 908

Sneeze, divination from, 330, 606

Soap bubble, 787, 790

Socrates, 112, 262ff., 278, 908; and see other index

Sodom, apples of, 387

Solids, regular, 648

Solon, 647

Soporific, 262, 753

Sorcery, 7, 265, 319, 332, 423, 731, 848-50; counter-magic against, 139-40, 497, 850-1; and see Witchcraft

_Sortilegi_, 14

Soul, human, discussions of, 376, 408, 485, 735; Plato on, 104, 865; immorality of, 255, 462, 838; power of, 574-5, 664-5, 674, 849; from stars, 40, 211; or from God?, 329, 584; relation to stars, 590, 614, 710; other than human, 35, 348, 362, 564-6, 584, 710; and see World

Sound, 32

Spain and Spanish, chap. xxxviii, 172-3, 181, 322, 813, 862; era of, 74

Sparrow, 505

Spatulamancy, 86

Species, 443, 732, 855, 893, 906; permanence of, 533, 867; for Specific form, see Form

Spice, 472

Spider, 348, 413, 544, 763

Spirits, good or evil, discussed by, Athelardus, 42-3; William of Conches, 55, 61; Bernard Silvester, 104; Hildegard, 134ff.; Maimonides, 208; Pseudo-Aristotle, 259-60; William of Auvergne, 353ff.; Thomas of Cantimpré, 393; Bartholomew, 407; Vincent, 462, 468; Roger Bacon, 667; Abano, 889; Cecco, 963-6; expulsion of, and power over, 135, 143, 232, 357, 359-60, 387, 965, and see Exorcism; fall of, 55, 104, 130, 134, 136, 357; in the air, 55, 104, 135, 139, 323, 357, 394, 466; in heavens and stars, 55, 136, 287, 289, 323, 343, 355-6, 468, 581-2, 608, 670, 710, 849, 897, 899, 953, 958, 963; in the moon, 323, 698; in nature, 7, 135ff., 355, 358-60, 387; invocation of, 280, 320ff., 327, 422, 556, 674, 712, 781, 807, chap. lxvi, 848-9, 892, 912, 953, 959, 963, and see Necromancy, Notory art; magic, astrology, arts and sciences ascribed to, 6, 138, 154, 158, 160, 298, 319ff., 343, 551-2, 603-6, 661, 669, 733-4, 818, 899; mediums between God or gods and man, 55, 208, 227, 461; orders of, 55, 104, 285, 317, 357-8; possession by, 355, 497, 816; safeguards against, 135, 148, 241-2, 261, 470

Spiritual Franciscans, 842

_Spiritus_, 33, 298, 385

Spleen, 470, 504, 565

Spring, water, 133, 744; caused to flow, 819; and see Fountain, Seasons

Stars, nature of, 5, 40-1, 48, 103, 149, 208, 366, 381, 697; as signs and not causes, especially of evil, 149ff., 316, 367; affected by magic, 225-6; fixed, 368, 418, 820; shooting, 320; and see Astrology, Planets, etc.

State, 157

Statue, of Abano, 947; animated, 351; and see Head, speaking

Steel, 135, 392, 453, 788, 791

Stephen, St., 160, 327-8

Stoic, 582, 895-6

Stomach, 145, 470, 472, 504, 565, 853-4

Stone, the disease, 546, 844, 847, 857-8

Stork, 422

Storm-averting magic, 232, 287, 353, 469-70, 821

Strasburg, 597

Stupor, 761

Style, literary, 54, 129, 157, 191, 216, 261, 290, 410, 693, 725, 764

Stylus, 227, 762

Submarine, 263, 654

Substance and accident, 734

Succubus, 358, 897, 960

Sucking out poison, 908

Suffumigation, see Fumigation

Sugar, 325, 817

Suggestion, force of, 346

Suicide, 107

Sulphur, 471, 573, 737, 786, 793, 797, 817

Sun, and magic, 153, 470, 728; rising, 140; before sunrise, 232, 472; before sunset, 140, 232; miraculous suns, 318; variations in heat of, 368; oracle of, 269; tree of, 387

Surgery, 480, 760, 856, 894

Swallow, 420-1, 767, 853; wort and stone, 420-1

Swan, 145

Sweat, 135

Sword, magic, 227; poisoned, 561, 910

Symbolism, 137, 198, 402; in alchemy, 217, 562

Sympathetic magic, 202, 497, 561, 852, 907

Symptoms, 766

Syria, Syriac, and Syrian, 66, 231, 237, 239, 244, 248, 261, 294, 756

Syringe, 908

Tables, astronomical, 68, 92, 262, 638, 644, 668, 814; of contents, 130-1

Talisman, 264, 675; and see Amulet, Image

Tambourine, 819

Tape-worm, 887

Tarasia, queen, 76

Tarragona, 843, 846

Tartars, 645, 674

_Taxo_, a beast, 336

Teacher and Teaching, see Education

Tears, 345, 817; and see Weeping

Telescope, 112, 441

Temistius, horn of, 265

Templars, 910

Ten, 444, 819

_Terra sigillata_, 210, 909

Testicles, 561, 850; and see Beaver

Tetragrammaton, 210, 800, 857

Text, Textual criticism and history, 213, 230, 240, 268ff., 450, 460-3, 491-2, 519, 647, 722, 739; and see Interpolation

Textbooks, 406, 456, 489, 491, 620, 641

Thamur, or worm of Solomon, 386-7

Thaumaturgy, 456

Theater, 32, 82, 158

Thebes, 284

Theft, discovery of, or recovery of stolen objects, 287, 348, 603, 728, 800, 804, 806-8, 903; prevention of, 143, 348-9

Theobald, archbishop of Canterbury, 156

Theobald, king of Navarre, 296

Theodoric the East Goth, 803

Theodosius de Flisco, 836

Theology, attitude, chap. lii. 3, 169, 317, 462, 466, 530-1, 602, 631-2, 792; teaching of, 11, 156, 375, 475, 595-8, 639-40, 848, 865-6; boy theologians, 11, 639; grades of theologians, 451; criticism of, 634, 638-41, 831; and magic, 660; and astrology and astronomy, 90-1, 621, 694, 703, 709ff., 830-3, 869-71, 892, 899, 901, 949; Arnald and, 843-5; and see Religion

Theriac, 210, 361, 473, 755, 909-10

Theurgy, 286

Thomas, apostle, chap. xlvii, 475, 477

Thorn, 483

Thoth, god, 227

Thought, freedom of, 103; indestructibility of, 983-4

Three, 142-3, 140, 277, 496, 744, 851-2

Threshold, 497

Throat, 492

Thunder, divination from, 223, 320, 351, 804; miscellaneous, 326, 562, 583

Tide, 57, 366

Tiger, 542

Tigris river, 239

Time, ways of telling, 68, 223, 325; divisions of, 419; observed in magic, 209, 293, 300, 365, 603, 800; and see Day, Month, Moon, Sun, Calendar, etc.

Timeo, 743, 791

Tin, 392, 802, 959

Toad, 201, 336, 352, 381, 386, 545-7, 768, 796, 909

Toledo, 87-88, 171ff., 179-80, 262, 284, 310, 638, 668, 784, 814

Tongue, 231, 408, 555

Tooth, 209, 273, 470, 482, 560, 574, 728, 762-3, 767, 782, 851

Toothache, cures for, 144, 492, 496, 561, 565, 767-8

Toothpowder, 496

Topaz, 331, 363

Torpedo, 361

Tortoise, 362, 564, 854

Torture, 273, 903

Touch, 886, 905

Toulouse, 156, 262, 668

Tours, 46, 100

Tradition, see Authority, Textual history

Transformation, magic, 320, 345, 603, 662, 674, 736, 821, 965

Translation, chaps. xxxviii, lxiv, lxv; from Greek into Arabic, 213, 249, 260, 759, 764; vernacular, 66, 74, 241, 405-6, 480, 490-1, 677, 827, 846, 877, 926; pretended Latin, 26-7, 66, 240; of Aristotle and the Psuedo-Aristotle, 194-5, 247ff., 269ff., 276, 310ff., 394-5, 576, 598-600, 633, 708; Roger Bacon on, 633-4, 643; by Abano, 877-9, 883-4, 888, 927; miscellaneous Latin, 20ff., 100, 111-2, 119-20, 205-7, 214ff., 229-30, 233, 291ff., 310ff., 394-5, 438, 455-6, 487, 643, 708, 778-9, 847, 929-30, 972

Travel, 45, 156, 238, 481, 541, 843, 877

Treasure, hidden, 557, 603, 807, 838, 965

Tree, 139, 231, 296, 325, 387, 539, 817, 853; of life, 266; of sun and moon, 474; figure of, in Lull’s Art, 867; poisonous, 907

Tree-toad, 139

Treviso, 880-1, 930-1

Trials for heresy and magic, 674-7, 843-5, 860-1, 938, 942-7, chap. lxxi; and see Accusation, Inquisition

Trinity, 53, 58-60, 317-8, 407, 462, 493

_Trivium_, 10

Trophonius, 290

Tropics, 583, 878

Trumpet, 803

Truth, 25, 211, 489, 642, 652, 662-3, 732

Tunny fish, 143

Turk, 294; see Bath for Turkish bath

Turpentine, 784, 793

Turquoise, 431

Turtle, 541, 736

Twins, marvelous, 557, 745; and astrology, 895

Tyriac, see Theriac

Ugo, brother, 832

Ulcer, 470, 472, 566

Underworld, 13, 356, 671, 827

Unguent, 142, 144, 480, 561

Unicorn, 146

Universals and particulars, 535, 633

Universe, theories of, 12-3, 35-8, 129ff., 150ff., 175ff., 275, 366, 413, 439, 462; duration of, 255, 317, 341, 648, 898

Universities, see names of cities, as Paris, Oxford, Treviso, Bologna

Urban IV, pope, 94, 453, 459, 597, 599

Urine, use of, 251, 331, 336, 360, 392, 487, 506, 563, 736, 788, 817, 860

Uucathon, a spirit, 289

Vacuum, 37, 196, 199, 648

Valbona, battle of, 638, 827

Valence, 906

Valencia, 842, 844

Vein, 131

_Veneficus_, 904-5

Venibene, John, tyrant of Ascoli, 956

Venice, 426, 523

Ventriloquism, 651

Venus, the planet, 109, 260, 356, 552, 672, 955

Verbena or Vervain, 555

Villa, 183, 525

Vinegar, 412, 816

Viper, 413, 483, 564

Virgin and Virginity, 365, 382, 386, 729, 819

Virtue, animal, natural, and vital, 886; and see Occult

Virtues, seven, 886

Vision, theories of, 32-3, 409, 440, 456, 901

Visions, 126ff., 155, 212, 549, 559, 577

Viterbo, 456, 597

Vitriol, 336

Vivisection, 487

Voice, 359, 661, 665

Vomiting, 273, 510, 908

_Vulgus_, 54, 190, 369, 621, 631, 636, 731, 738, 859

_Vultivoli_, 158

Vulture, 144, 262, 348, 496-7, 851

Wager of battle, 241

Wall of house, 199, 497

Walrus, 144

Wand, magic, 680

War, 196, 273, 275, 469, 634, 671, 838; decried, 30, 136

Warts, to get rid of, 852

Washing, feet, 500; head, 860

Water, 199, 508; bodies of, 423; drinking, 133-4, 507, 887; in which washed, 147, 500; soaked in, 143-6; dissolves magic, 139-40; made to appear by magic, 344; hot thought to freeze faster, 656; jar, organ, and works, 38-9, 196, 790; waters above firmament, 57-8, 133, 355, 413, 464; marvelous, medical, and chemical, 251ff., 320, 326, 500-1, 797-9; and see Fountain, Holy, Sea, etc.

Wax, images in magic, 227, 264, 349, 353, 790, 818; used in medicine, 146, 345; light, 359; cloth, 860

Weasel, 146, 200, 231, 506, 767

Weather, prediction, 160, 164, 294, 325, 445, 473, 586, 656, 766, 893; and see Rain-making, Storm-averting magic

Weeping for joy and as a salutation, 34, 154

Weights, 435, 649, 654, 789

Well, 349, 523

Wenzel II, king of Bohemia, 263, 266

Werwolf, 359

Whale, 423-4, 505, 540, 899

Wheat, 234

Wheel, divining, 116

White, 321, 801

Wick, 561

Will, free, 16, 152, 574, 866; and astrology, 6, 12, 106, 164, 203, 212, 311, 326, 369, 393, 446, 452, 469, 584, 609ff., 669, 671, 699-701, 711, 833, 869-70, 901, 953, 959, 962; power, and magic, 665, 902; and experimental science, 659; last wills and testaments, 832; of Arnald, 845, 934; Lull, 863-4; Abano, 881-2, 931-5, 940-3

William the Bad of Sicily, 89

William, bishop of Syracuse, 21, 44ff.

Wind, 132, 150, 223, 323, 429

Wine, 140, 144, 191, 231, 320, 326, 413, 473, 504, 546, 768, 789, 817, 854, 886

Witch and Witchcraft, 38, 162, 497, 605, 608, 653, 675, 805, 903, 973

Wolf, 202, 348, 385, 393, 433, 497, 560, 728, 733, 736, 767, 817

Woman, 60, 607; of Norwich, 671; diseases of, 213, 378, 739-45; adornment of, 742-3

Wood, 344, 698

Wool, 426

Words, power of, 140-1, 148, 202, 232, 282ff., 351-2, 361, 603-4, 610-1, 658, 661, 665-6, 674, 731, 801, 849, 873, 981

World soul, 53, 341, 366-7, 566, 586, 710

Worms, 348, 386, 473, 484, 543

Wormwood, 472

Wound, 505, 795

Wren, 200

Writing, materials, 111, 173, 227, 788; invisible, 736, 787-8, 792; legible in mirror, 788

Youth, perpetual or renewed, see Elixir, Fountain, and Longevity

Zodiac, 150, 332, 582, 671, 829, 858, 871; and parts of human body, 177, 324, 417, 833, 856, 871, 894, 957

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL INDEX

Titles and periodicals in italics. Abbreviations such as CE, EB, HL, PL, are not indexed. In the abbreviated titles such opening words as _De_ and _Liber_ are omitted to facilitate alphabetical arrangement. In proper names _De_ and _Von_ are usually designated by _d._ and _v._, and are treated as initials.

Aaron and Evax, 430, 729

Abano, Peter of, chap. lxx; works listed in appendix ii; 120, 316, 362, 477, 800, 961-2 _Abraham Aben Ezra_, 911, 917, 927 _Addition to Mesue_, 880, 923, 939 _Alexander of Aphrodisias_, 878, 918 _Astrolabe_, 879, 900, 920 _Conciliator_, 362, 710, 814, chap. lxx _Dioscorides_, 877, 880, 923-4 _Galen_, 877, 879, 918-9 _Lucidator_, 258, 879-80, 884, 892, 895, 898-9, 901, 904, 911-2, 921 _Motu octave spere_, 878-80, 898, 901, 920-1 _Phisionomia_, 626, 877, 910, 917-8 _Poisons_, see _Venenis_ _Problems of Aristotle_, 877, 879-80, 911, 921-2 _Pseudo-Hippocrates_, 894, 911, 924 _Venenis_, 255, 262-5, 277, 877, 879, 881, 905-10, 922-3, 935-8 dubious or spurious, _Annulorum experimenta_, 912, 926 _Circulus philosophicus_, 926 _Elucidarium necromanticum_, 911-2, 926 _Geomantia_, 880, 912, 925 _Heptameron_, 911-2, 925-6 _Prophecies_, 912, 925

Abdallah, 119

Abelard, Peter, chap. xxxv, 59, 156, 611

Abenragel, 77

_Abhandl. d. Bayr. Akad._, 247

_Abhandl. d. Sächs. Gesell._, 238

_Abhandl. z. Gesch. d. Math. Wiss._, 22, 87, 929

_Abhandl. z. Mittl. u. Neuer. Gesch._, 842

Abrachys, 449, 896

Abraham Aben Ezra (Avenezra), works listed, chap. lxx., app. iii, 326, 586, 877-8

Abraham Bar Chasdai, 930

Abraham of Barcelona, 930

Abraham Judaeus, 764, 898, 929, 930

Abraham the patriarch, 445

Abraham the physician, 763

Abrarem, 815

Abu-Shâker, 264

_Accad. dei Lincei, Atti d._, 916

Achaason, 755

Achillini, 277

Achmet, 291ff., 300

Achot of Greece, 226, 552, 706

_Act. Acad. Vindob._, 129

_Acta Sanctorum_, 125, 129

Actor (Auctor?), 462

Adam, first man and prophet, works ascribed to, 660, 816

Adam Marsh, 437, 629

Adams, G. B., 45

Adamson, 648

Adelard of Bath, chap. xxxvi; works listed, 19-22; other mentions of him, 50, 53, 172, 175, 179, 201, 650, 984; of his _Questiones naturales_, 172, 196, 379, 464, 503, 636, 721, 792

Adelinus, 382

Aeschylus, 421

Aesculapius, 496, 556, 646 _Membris_, 432-3

Aesop, 193-4

Aëtius, 479

Agarges, 755

Agrippa, H. C., 119, 925, 969

Ahmed ben Sirin, 291ff.

Ahmetus filius Ameti, 292

Ahrens, K., 248

Ailly, Pierre d’, various works of cited, 255, 444, 644-7, 675-6, 695, 962

Alanus, 794

Alatus, J. A., 743

Albategni (Al-Battani), 42, 86, 895

Albedatus, 119

Alberic des Trois Fontaines, 52

Albericus, 191

Albert of Bologna, 740

Albert of Saxony, 722

Albert, P. P., 520

Albertus Bohemus (or, Beham), 264

Albertus Magnus, chaps, lix, lxii, lxiii, 207, 266, 346, 374-5, 377, 381, 394-5, 397, 404, 448, 450-2, 467, 489-90, 495, 594-5, 598, 600, 607, 611, 622, 634, 638-9, 650, 664, 666, 668, 674, 690, 768-9, 909, 929, 971 _Animalibus_, 219, 422, 461, 524ff., 540-5, 562ff., 574, 762 _Apprehensione_, 577 _Causis et procreat._, 529ff., 577ff. _Causis et propriet._, 255, 262, 526, 529ff., 569, 578, 581ff. _Coelo et mundo_, 528ff., 577, 585ff. _Creaturis_, 577 _Daniel_, 553-4 _Generat. et corrupt._, 563, 585 _Intellectu et intelligibili_, 581ff. _Luke_, 552 _Matthew_, 553-4, 580 _Meteor._, 314-5, 523-4, 528ff., 547-8, 577, 581ff. _Metaphysics_, 581, 708 _Micah_, 551 _Mineral._, 226, 237, 250, 255, 261, 430, 459, 523-4, 529ff., 545-6, 556-7, 566ff., 574, 583, 621, 696, 698, 705, 714, 718, 729 _Motibus animalium_, 558, 745 _Natura et origine animae_, 581 _Natura locorum_, 526, 529ff., 538, 585. _Physics_, 528ff. _Politics_, 526, 545, 639 _Principiis motus processivi_, 527 _Sensu et sensato_, 524 _Sententiae_, 461, 523, 552, 554, 557-9, 742 _Somno et vigilia_, 268, 461, 524, 528ff., 558-9, 574-7, 585 _Speculum astronomiae_, chap. lxii, 74, 76, 118, 220, 223, 226, 234, 256, 258, 280, 321, 390, 419, 522, 530, 578ff., 677, 800, 900, 911, 966 _Summa theologiae_, 525, 531, 552, 554, 559, 577, 579, 584, 589ff., 703, 706 _Veget. et plantis_, 230, 260, 461, 529ff., 539, 547, 555-6, 564ff., 581, 717 dubious or spurious, chap. lxiii _Aggregationis_, see _Experimenta_ _Alchimia_ (and other treatises of alchemy), 569-71, 798 _Almagest_, 529 _Anathomia_, 741 _Catoptric_, 529 _Chiromancy_, 575 _Determinationes_, 741 _Experimenta_, chap. lxiii, 220, 530, 788 _Fato_, 613 _Lapidibus_, 567 _Lapidibus et herbis_, 724 _Mirabilibus mundi_, chap. lxiii, 422, 530, 778, 780, 817 _Naturis signorum_, 578 _Perspective_, 529 _Philosophia pauperum_, 529 _Plantationibus_, 529, 747 _Secreta_, see _Experimenta_ _Secreta de serpente_, 796 _Secretis mulierum_, chap. lxiii, 308, 395, 530 _Secretum secretorum_, 724

Albohali, 75, 82

Albucasis, 82, 89

Albumasar, 41, 77, 111, 292, 379, 404, 418, 449, 452, 463, 469, 583, 672, 695, 697, 701, 703, 827, 898, 961 _Greater Introduction_, 84-5 _Lesser Introduction_, 22 _Rains_, 86-7 _Sadan_, 900

Alcabitius, 77, 97, 221, 322, 827, 898

Alcanus, 795

Alcerius, John, 799

Alchabitius, see Alcabitius

Alchandianus, 115

Alchanus, 794

Alcherius, 119

Alchemist, 472

Alchiranus, 232

Alchyldis, 432

Alcorath, 727

Aldhelm, 379, 542

Alexander _Divinatione_, 575, 613 _Experimenta_, 893 _Fato_, 575, 613

Alexander the Great, alchemistic and astrological, 233, 253, 259, 728 _Mirabilibus Indiae_, 246, 378, 387

Alexander III, pope, _Letter to Prester John_, 244, 271

Alexander of Aphrodisias, 566, 568-9, 878

Alexander of Hales, 207, 404, 414-5, 448, 450, 526, 640

Alexander of Tralles, 160, 378, 806, 878

Alexius Affricus, 233

Al-Farabi, 79-80, 89, 177, 346

Alfonso X, the Wise, of Castile, 69, 96, 601, 637, 813-4, 929-30

Alfonso, Pedro, see Pedro

Alfonso of Toledo, 69

Alfraganus, 74, 86, 177, 195, 198, 292, 379, 418, 804, 809, 882

Alfred of England (or of Sarchel or Sareshel), 195, 404, 450 _Meteorology_, 249, 313 _Motu cordis_, 187, 196 _Vegetabilibus_, 181, 187, 260, 313, 461

Alganus, 794

Algazetes, 896

Algazel, 449, 551, 558, 574

Al-Hazen, 33, 89, 442, 454, 456, 649, 885

Alkandrinus, 259

Alkardianus, 115ff.

Alkindi, 77, 258 _Geomancy_, 119-20 _Radiis stellicis_, 443, 667, 719

Al-Khowarizmi, 21ff., 40, 237

Allchamus, 794

Allen, T., 810

Almansor, 82

Al-Masʿûdî, 214, 264

Almeida, F.d., 646

Alpetragius or Alpetrangi, 310, 314

Alpharinus, 119

Alphraganus, see Alfraganus

Al-Quifti, 756

_Amalricus_, 115ff.

Ambrose, 382, 385 _Hexaemeron_, 377-80, 473

Amplonius, 695, 795

_Analecta Franciscana_, 629

Anaxagoras, 112, 115

André, M., 862

Andreas Michelius, 806

Andrew the Jew, 314

Angelus, J., 826

_Annal. Boland._, 520

_Annalen d. Vereins f. Nassau_, 125

_Annalen d. hist. Vereins f. d. Niederrhein_, 520

_Annales de l’Institut Supérieur de Philosophie_, 598

_Annals of Forlì_, 826, 828

Anselm, St., 62, 194

Anselm, bishop of Havelberg and Ravenna, 240

_Antimaquis_, 224, 260

Antiochus, 257

Antiphon, 290

Antonius _Bibl. Hisp. Vet._, 871

Antonius de Rosellis, 742

_Anzeiger f. Kunde d. deutschen Vorzeit_, 125

Aomar, 75, 827

_Apocrypha_, 611

Apollonius, _Angelica factione_, 282, 964 _Artis magicae_, 282, 964 _Golden Flowers_, 282 _Secrets of Nature_, 43

Apollonius of Pergamum, 235

Apollonius of Thebes, 41

Apollonius of Tyana, 235

Appiani, Padre, 967

Apuleius of Madaura, 158, 194, 221, 407, 466, 582 _Herbarium_ (pseudo-), 473, 728, 804

Aquinas, Thomas, chap. lx, 152, 207, 313, 316, 374, 394-5, 461, 467, 522, 524, 526, 529, 532, 578-80, 634, 639, 702, 707, 709, 901 _Contra Gentiles_, 602ff., 608, 611 _Divinibus nominibus_, 609 _Fide_, 609ff. _Isaiah_, 605 _Judiciis astrorum_, 609ff. _Matthew_, 609, 611 _Meteor._, 607 _Occultis operibus_, 606-7, 613 _Potentia_, 602ff. _Quodlibet_, 604ff. _Responsio ad Joannem de Vercellis_, 609 _Responsio ad lectorem Bisuntinum_, 611 _Responsio ad lectorem Venetum_, 609 _Sententiae_, 596, 602, 605, 607 _Somno et vigilia_, 605 _Sortibus_, 605-7, 610ff. _Substantiis separatis_, 603, 609 _Summa_, 602ff., 607ff. _Trinitate_, 609 _Unitate intellectus_, 708 dubious or spurious, alchemistic treatises, 608 _Almagest_, 531 _Fato_, 575, 612-5

Aratus, 56

_Archaeologia_, 237

Archelaus, 783

Archigenes, 735

Archimedes, 89, 110, 199, 449, 668

Architas, 734

_Archiv f. Gesch. d. Medizin_, 87, 770, 861

_Archiv f. Gesch. d. Naturwiss. u. d. Technik_, 173, 315

_Archiv f. Kulturgesch._, 861

_Archiv f. Naturgesch._, 521

Aristippus, 67, 249, 313

Aristotle, chap. lxviii, 48, 84, 107, 134, 174, 191, 197, 201, 207, 306, 312ff., 353, 356, 366-7, 377, 380, 394, 404, 408, 411, 415, 421, 423, 430-4, 437, 441, 445, 449, 467-8, 485, 502, 508, 528, 533, 544, 575, 581, 589, 594, 598-9, 608, 613, 633-4, 639, 646-7, 653, 697, 725, 733, 762, 779, 786, 804, 815-7, 884, 896, 900, 904, 971 _Anima_, 195, 314 _Animals, History of_, 194, 260, 310, 314, 324, 379-84, 393, 440, 508, 780, 879 _Auditu naturali_, 172, 177 _Coelo et mundo_, 89, 172, 177, 194, 314, 416, 893 _Ethics_, 599 _Generatione et corruptione_, 89, 195, 258, 670 _Laws_, 634 _Metaphysics_, 195, 254, 312ff., 395, 478, 708, 726, 894 _Meteorology_, 89, 195, 249, 253, 313, 324, 333, 393, 471 _Organon_, 314 _Physics_, 37, 89, 172, 313 _Politics_, 634 _Posterior Analytics_, 89 _Problems_, 30-1, 503; and see Abano _Rhetoric_, 878 _Sensu et sensato_, 172, 177 _Somno et vigilia_, 301, 558 dubious or spurious, alchemistic treatises, 218, 251, 391 _Antimaquis_, 260 astrological treatises, 256 _Causis proprietatum_, 90, 255, 416 _Chiromancy_, 266 _Colors_, 249-50 _Epistola ad Alexandrum_, 252 Images, works on, 257-8 _Impressionibus coelestibus_, 248, 256, 633 _Lapidary_, 90, 260-3, 469-70, 780 _Mineralibus_, 250 _Morte animae_, 258, 525 _Natura serpentum_, 265 _Perfecto magisterio_, 252 _Physiognomy_, 266, 804, 910 _Pomo_, 254, 930 _Secret of Secrets_, 132, 219, 244-5, 257, 264-78, 310, 313, 328, 587, 633, 674, 750, 789, 792 _Speculo adurenti_, 172, 177 _Theology_, 248, 254 _Twelve Waters_, 251 _255 Books of the Indians_, 85-7, 256 _Vegetabilibus_, 195, 313

Aristoteles Milesius, 255

Arnald of Villanova, chap. lxviii, 218, 301, 477, 511, 798, 906, 934 _Antichrist_, 844 _Antidotarium_, 847, 855, 857-8, 860 _Breviarium_, 315, 847, 851-4, 860 _Compendium_, 853 _Conservanda iuventute_, 846, 855, 858 _Contra calculum_, 847, 856, 860 _Epilepsia_, 847-8, 853-6 _Improbatione maleficiorum_, 847-8 _Judiciis_, 847 _Medic. introd. speculum_, 847, 855, 858 _Ornatu mulierum_, 742, 750 _Parte operativa_, 853-7 _Regimen podagre_, 847, 853 _Regimen Salernitanum_, 847 _Regimen sanitatis_, 847, 856 _Regulae generates_, 484, 847-8, 855 _Remedia contra maleficia_, 422, 847, 850, 853 _Repetitio_, 855, 858 _Sigilla_, 847 _Sword of Truth_, 842 _Tetragrammaton_, 843 _Venenis_, 854 _Vinis_, 854-5

Arnold of Barcelona, 67

Arnold of Liège, 724

Arnold of Saxony, 261, 430, 469-70

Arpenius, 813

_Ars episcopalis_, 800

_Ars experimentorum_, 570

_Arsenal des secrets, L’_, 806

Artemidorus, _Oneirocritica_, chap. l

Artemon, 290

Artephius or Artesius, 351-4, 655, 664

_Artis Auriferae_, 215, 252

_Artis Chemicae Principes_, 472

_Asclepius_, see Hermes

Ashmole, E., _Theatrum chem. Brit._, 218, 334

_Assoc. des Études grecques_, 247

Astrampsychos, 291

_Astrolabium planum_, 900, 920

Astruc, J., 841ff.

Athaharan, 755

Athelardus, 41

_Atti d. R. Accad. d. Lincei_, 916

_Atti d. R. Istituto Veneto_, 916

Augustine, 166, 169, 175, 320, 369, 389, 407-9, 449, 466, 469, 589-92, 602, 609, 661, 668 _Anima_, 378 _Civitate Dei_, 387, 446 _Contra Faustum_, 611 _Doctrina Christiana_, 159, 375 _Enchiridion_, 5 _Genesi ad litteram_, 33, 39 _Quaest. vet. et nov. test._, 612 _Retractiones_, 5 _Sermones_, 612 _Trinitate_, 609

Augustinus Justinianus, 207

Autolycus, 89

Avenalpetras, 451

Avenzoar, 936-8

Averroes, 69, 84, 313-4, 322, 379, 464, 478, 576, 601, 887-8, 900

Avezac d’, 238ff.

Avicenbros, 354-5

Avicenna, 89, 249-50, 252, 266, 277, 313, 366, 408, 413, 423, 432, 437, 450, 463, 467, 473, 495, 508, 551, 557-8. 562, 564, 567, 574, 647, 665, 669, 721, 745, 910 _Anima_, 74, 310, 471, 665 _Cantica_, 845 _Flores_, 775 _Generatione lapidum_, 250 _Lepra_, 740 _Meteorology_, 250 _Naturalia_, 731

Azarchel, 92, 638

Bacher, W., 205

Bacon, Francis, 642, 647, 681, 688 _New Atlantis_, 681-2

Bacon, Roger, chap. lxi, 14, 31, 36, 84, 91, 194, 196, 218, 243, 247, 252, 256, 263, 279, 314, 334, 354, 419, 437, 443-4, 451, 475, 510, 522, 527, 534, 538, 547, 560, 692-4, 703 Commentaries on Aristotle, 632 _Communia mathematicae_, 22, 622 _Communia naturalium_, 622 _Compend. studii philos._, 248, 576, 635, 639, 685, etc. _Compend. studii theol._, 618, 635 _Cosmographia_, 716 _Erroribus medicorum_, 635 _Greek Grammar_, 684 _Metaphysics_, 685 _Opus maius_, 11, 80, 312, chap. lxi, 884 _Opus minus_, 219, chap. lxi _Opus tertium_, 12, chap. lxi _Sanioris medicinae_, 680 _Scriptum principale_, 622, 624ff. _Secretis operibus_, chap. lxi, 259, 704, 758 _Secret of Secrets_, 132, 257-8, 268ff., 666, 685 _Thesaurum spirituum_, 808 _Verbum abreviatum_, 794

Bacon, William, 807

Baddeley, W. St. C., 949

Baeumker, C., 195, 454, 520, 530-1, 638

Bale, 478

Balenuch, 223

Barber, W. T. A., 862, 867-8

Baronius, 126

Bartholomew of England, chap. liv, 315, 372-3, 438, 476, 478, 629, 638

Bartholomew of Messina, 67, 314

Bartholomew of Parma, 120-1, 835-8

_Baruch, Book of_, 195

Basil, 34, 194, 201, 379-80, 409, 415-6, 422, 668

Bate, Henri, works listed chap. lxx, app. iii

Battandier, A., 125

Baumgartner, 248

Baumgartner, M., 339

Baur, L., chap. lv, 78ff., 634, 644, 649

Becket, Thomas, _Letters_, 126

Beckman, _History of Inventions_, 199

Bede, 62-3, 175, 194, 414, 464, 606, 664, 672, 898

Belbinus, 735

Belenus, 234, 698, 706, 719

Bellantius, L., 970

Benedict, S. R., 237

Benvenuto of Imola, 825

Berachya, _Dodi Ve-Nechdi_, 19

Berengarius, 113

Bernard of Chartres, 51-2, 99

Bernard of Clairvaux, 18, 59, 83, 100, 126, 316, 462

Bernard Délicieux, 860-1

Bernard Gordon, see Gordon

Bernard de Moelan, 100

Bernard of Provence, 740

Bernard, Silvester, chap. xxxix, 62, 195-6, 199, 650 _Experimentarius_, 100, 110ff., 120, 776 _Mathematicus_, 101, 106ff. _Mundi universitate_, 99, 101ff., 124

Berthelot, P. E. M., 476 _Archéologie_ (1906), 23 _Chimie au moyen âge_ (1893), 27, 215ff., 235, 252, 308, 335, 472, 524, 569, 724, 738, 783ff., 795, 797, 868 _Origines_ (1885), 229, 251

Berthelot et Ruelle (1887-1888), 251

_Bible_, 53, 59, 197, 207, 320-1, 403, 406, 424, 467, 631, 644, 648, 711, 904; and see individual books of

_Bibl. Chem. Curiosa_, 215, 250

_Bibliotheca Mathematica_, 96, 814

_Bibl. d. l’École des Chartes_, 99

_Biologisches Zentralblatt_, 126

Birkenmajer, 94, 173

Björnbo, A. A., 84, 529

Björnbo and Vogl (1911), 87, 602, 928

Black, _Ashmolean MSS._, 112, 229, 797, 824

Blainville, M. H. d., 533

Blasius, see Ermengard

Blochet, E., 260

Bodin, 889

Bodlys, see Nicholas of Poland

Boethius, 52, 54, 194, 322, 366, 379, 407, 450, 589, 613, 712

Boetius of Denmark, 709

Bofarull y Sans, 864

Boffito, P. G., chap. lxxi, 718

Boll, F., 308-9, 326

_Boletín d. l. real Acad. d. l. Hist._, 842

Bonafors, Guido, 839

Bonatti, Guido, chap. lxvii, 121, 638, 892

Bonaventura, 218, 501

Boncompagni, B. _Bonatti_, 825, 839 _Gherardo Cremonese_, 87-8, 758 _Leonardo Pisano_, 312 _Regule abaci_, 21

Bonifazio, _Storia di Trevigi_, 930

Bonnet, Jehan de, 792

_Book of Decoration_, 735

_Book of Seventy_, 251

Borgnet, A., chap. lix, 722, 724, 740

Bormans, 372

Bostock and Riley, 134, 421

Bouché-Leclercq, 109

Bouquet, _Recueil_, 52

Bourassé, 108

Bourgeat, J. B., 457

Boutaric, E., 457, 463

Bovio, Z. T., 924

Boyle, Robert, 805

Brambilla, 89

Brann, M., 205

Brewer, J. S., _Monumento Franciscana_, 620 _Roger Bacon, Works of_, chap. lxi, 196, 256, 684

Bridges, R. H., chap. lxi, 11, 256, 684

Brinkmann, J., 75

_British Medical Journal_, 478

_British Register_, 621

_British Society of Franciscan Studies_, 684, 686

Brown, J. Wood, chaps. li, lxvi, 74, 76, 250, 270, 783, 813

Browne, E. G., 756

Browne, Thomas, _Vulgar Errors_, 229, 806, 970

Brunetto Latini, 621

Bruun, 240

Budé, 362

Budge, E. A. W., 264

Bugaforus, 586

_Bull. d. l’Acad. roy. Belgique_, 372, 929

_Bull. d. l’Acad. d. Sciences d. Cracovie_, 94

_Bull. d. Bibl. e d. Storia d. Scienze Matem._, 21

_Bull. of American Mathematical Society_, 237

_Bull. Senese d. Storia Patria_, 488

Burchard of Worms, 163

Burgh, see Lydgate and

Burgundio of Pisa, 67, 178, 432, 879, 883

Buridan, Jean, 741, 749

Burley, 804

Busetto, N., 594

Butler and Owen, 194

Caesar, J., see Weber and

Caesar, Julius, 545

Caesar of Heisterbach, 339

Cahier, 422

Callisthenes (alchemist), 449, 570

Callisthenes, Pseudo-, 246, 350

Camerarius (1638), 79

Cantor, M., 309, 332

Cantù, _Eretici d’Italia_, 951

Caraphrebim, 815

Cardan, 827, 969

Carini, S. A., 334

Carra de Vaux, 248

Carus, P., 373

Cassiodorus, 25, 194, 199, 408, 668

Castellan, 911, 915

Castellani, P. N. d., 248

Castelli, G., 949, 952, 967

Cateline, 755

Catenus, 93, 487

_Catalogue Codicum Astrologorum Graecorum_, 229

_Catholic Encyclopedia_, 128, 526, 553

_Catholic University Bulletin_, 578, 693

Cavalcanti, Guido, 621

Ceceo d’Ascoli, chap. lxxi, 226, 280, 718 _Acerba_, 948-50, 953 _Alcabitius_, 220, 950-67 _Sphere_, 282, 950-66

_Centralblatt f. Bibliothekwesen_, 267, 937

Cesalpini, A., 532

Chabaneau, C., 606

Chabás, R., 841

Chalcidius, 178

Champier, S., 814, 882, 890, 896-7, 901, 912

Charles, E., 576, 578-9, 631, 675-6, 682, 686, 688-9

Charles, R. H., and Morfill, 416

Charma, A., 50

Charterius, R., 771

_Chartularium Univ. Paris._, see Denifle et Chatelain

Chatelain, see Denifle and Chevalier, C. U. J., 593

_Chimica experimenta varia_, 796

Cholmeley, H. P., 479, 490

Choulant, L., 521, 739

Christian, archbishop of Mainz, 240

Christine de Pisan, 31, 801-2

_Chronicle of the XXIV Generals_, 629

_Chronicon Patavinum_, 876, 933, 943

_Chronicon Slavicorum_, 599

_Chronicon Susati_, 599

Chrysostom, John, 416 _Liturgia_, 292 _Sixth Homily on Matthew_, 469, 611 _Spurious Homily_, 7, 318, 611

_Churl and Bird_, 72

Cicero, 25, 51, 63, 111, 115, 433, 620, 636, 896 _Divinatione_, 159, 668

_Classical Philology_, 90

Claude de Grandrue, 716

Claudian, 193

Clement, Pseudo-, 201, 216

Cleopatra, 378, 735

Clerval, A., 84, 99, 101, 112

Cockayne, O., 290, 724

Cocogrecus, 353

_Codigos Españoles_, 814

Colle, F. M., 876, 881, 907, 916, 919, 932, 944

_Collectio errorum_, 355

Collette, Dr., 806

_Columba deargentata_, see Hugh of St. Victor

Combach, _Specula mathematica_, 680

Comestor, Peter, 474

_Compositiones ad tingenda_, 799

_Compotus_ or _Computus_, 444

_Congress, International, of History of Sciences_, 229

Constantine Damascenus, 270

Constantinus Africanus, 19, 34, 53, 72, 196, 266, 297, 379, 408, 412, 433, 449-50, 464, 468, 473, 495, 566, 650, 758

Corazzi, E., 832

Cordier, H., see Yule

Cordo, see Simon of Genoa

Cornarius, 290

Cornoldi, G. M., 594

Costa ben Luca, 237, 261, 449, 566, 573-4, 780 _Differentiae spiritus et animae_, 32, 73 _Physical Ligatures_, 555, 847, 853

Coulton, G. C., 374, 400, 409

Courteille, P. d., see Maynard and

Cousin, V., 5, 11, 53, 632, 634

Coxe, H. O., 172, 757, 925, 936

Craster, H. H. E., 75

_Crates, Book of_, 214

Cratippus, 290

Cumont, F., 692

Curtze, 22

Cuvier, _Hist. d. Poissons_, 466

Cyprian, Brother, 334

Cyril the Carmelite, 479

Dacus, 729-30

Daniel, the prophet, 91, 844 _Dream-Book_, chap. l, 162-3, 278, 804 _Experiments_, 295

Daniel of Morley, chap. xlii, 219, 226, 346, 419, 637

_Dannet_, 808

Dante, 99, 356, 594, 709, 825ff., 883, 948-9, 967

Darwin, C. R., 532

d’Avezac, 238ff.

David, the prophet, 433, 666

_De aluminibus et salibus_, 471

_De arte notoria_, 660

_De congelatione_, 250

_De differentiis vocabulorum_, 12

_De mirabilibus Indiae_, 241

_De morte animae_, 660

_De occultis naturae_, 570

_De officiis spirituum_, 660

_De omni re scibili_, 742

_De regimine senum_, 656

_De sortibus_, 575, 613

_De speculis_, 592

Dedalus philosophus, 336

Delisle, L., 373, 385-6, 428, 842, 937

Delorme, G., 617, 628, 683-4

Democritus, 173, 257, 577, 648

Denifle, H., 571, 599, 601, 612, 675, 724

Denifle et Chatelain, 121, 311-2, 314, 707, 712, 844

Dering, E. H., 594

_Deuteronomy_, 387

_Dict. d’hist. et d. géog. ecclés._, 526

_Dict. Theol. Cath._, see Vacant et Mangenot

Diels, H., 770

Diepgen, P., 290, chap. lxviii

Dieterici, F., 248

Digby, K., 715

Dino del Garbo, 957, 967

Diocles Carystes (Carystius), 268

Diogenes Laertius, 291

Dionysius the Areopagite, 333, 409, 609

Dionysius of Rhodes, 290

Dioscorides, 194, 413, 432-3, 473, 496, 762, 877, 880 _Lapidibus_, 261, 430-1

Dittmeyer, 508

Dixon, 519

Doronius, 77, 257

Dorotheus, 77, 223, 322, 378, 827

_Dream-Books_, chap. l.

Drexl (Drexel?), 292

Du Boulay, 310

_Dublin Review_, 178

Dubois, Pierre, 676

Ducange, 241

Duchastel, 882, 915

Duhem, P. _Léonard de Vinci_, 921 _Physique d’Aristote_, 313 _Roger Bacon_, 37-8, 618, 630, 633-4, 684, 687 _Système du Monde_, 94-8, 332, 437, 486, 638, 644, 796

Dümmler, 294

Duns Scotus, 266

_Early English Text Society_, 219

Eberhart de Bethune, 101

Eberus, 763

_Ecclesiastes_, 193

Efferarius, 758

Egidius de Tebaldis, 67, 182

El-Biruni, 86

Elias, Brother, 218, 252, 308, 334-5

Ellis, 442

Empedocles, 449, 568

Emuth, 348

_Encyclopedia Britannica_, 382-5, 682

Endres, J. A., 520

_English Historical Review_, 686

Enoch, 136, 201, 215, 220, 222, 234, 891

Epicharmus, 290

Epicurus, 405

Epiphanius, 262

_Erh Ya_, 448

Ermengard Blasius, 67, 205, 207, 845, 852, 938

Escarrer, 846

Esdras, 645, 860

Esposito, M., 191

Ethicus, 263, 645, 655

Eubel, C., 836

Euclid, 112, 184, 238, 449, 569, 885, 896 _Geometry_, 22 _Notory Art_, 282, 284 _Optica_, 649

Eugene of Palermo, 33

Eugenius Toletanus, 67

Euripides, _Polyidus_, 656

Evans, John, 807

Evax, 226, 300, 379, 430, 718, 729-30

_Experimenta Cancelarii_, 478-9, 803

_Experiments_, 796, 800

_Experimentator_, 378, 384-5, 422, 495, 767

_Expositio somniorum_, 297

Eymeric, 864

Fabricius, 296, 463

Fachy, 94

_Famous Historie of Fryer Bacon_, 680

Farachius, 756, 779

Faradj ben Salem, 757, 795

Faragius or Faragut, 757

Farges, A., 594

Favaro, A., 916

Favé, see Reinaud et

Felder, H., 305

Fellner, A., 521

Felten, J., 436-7

Ferckel, C., 372-3, 379, 395, 397, 740

Feret, P., 306, 682-4

Ferragius, 60-1

Ferrari, S., 916

Ferrarius, 758, 784

_Fihrist_, 214, 756

Finke, H., 842

Finkelscherer, 134, 205

Firmicus Maternus, Julius, 56, 194, 449, 978

Fisichella, A., 594

Flaccus Africanus, 233, 258

Fobes, F. H., 89

_Forschungen z. deutschen Gesch._, 307-9

_Forschungen z. Gesch. Bayerns_, 521

Forster, see Loveday and

Förster, R., 76, 266ff.

Fossi, F., 593, 598, 825

Fournier, M., 845

Franchinus, 756

Frazer, J. G., 266, 795, 910, 976-8

Frederick II, 270, 309, 313-7, 326, 334-5, 448, 489, 524, 595ff, 803, 942 _Arte venandi_, 314, 465, 525, 540, 563

_Freiburg Dioces. Archiv_, 520

Fretté et Maré, chap. lx.

Friedländer, M., 205

Friend, John, 478

Frohschammer, 594

Fulgentius, 410

Funeius, 482

Furnival, F. J., 219

Gaddesden, John of, 479, 483

Galen, 34, 88, 134, 173, 189, 208ff., 229-30, 378, 400, 470, 508, 626, 671, 734, 769, 795, 809, 847, 855, 896, 898, 903, 910, 924 _Ad Glauconem_, 761 _Alimentorum facultatibus_, 600 _Ars parva_, 501 _Compound medicines_, 752 _Critical Days_, 856 _Dinamidis_, 803 _Euporista_, 491 _Foetuum formatione_, 586 _Medicinal Simples_, 510 _Microtegni_, 501 _Semine_, 586 _Therapeutic Method_, 879 dubious or spurious, chaps. lxiv, lxv, 87 alchemistic, 783-4 _Experiments_, 752ff., 766, 771-4 _Medicinalis_, 761-2, 784 _Plantis_, 763-4 _Secrets_, 89, 758, 766, 775-6, 784 _Spermate_, 586 _Vaccae_, 723, 735, 756, 777ff.

Galfridus de Vino Salvo, 529

Galienus, Master, 784

Galileo, 689

Galippus (Ibn Ghâlib), 88-9, 172

Gallaeus, S., 291

Garbo, see Dino and Tommaso del

Gargeus, 755

Gariopontus, 297

Gasquet, F. A., 178, 247, 617, 684

Gaster, M., 267ff., 281ff.

Gaudenzi, T., 594

Gebenon of Eberbach, 127

Geber, 38, 218, 250-1, 557, 783, 815

_Genesis_, 58, 193, 266

Geoffrey of Waterford, 276

Gerard, _Introd. in Evang. Aeternum_, 626

Gerard or Giraldus Cambrensis, 437

Gerard of Cremona, 79, 87-90, 119-20, 171, 180, 249, 261, 270, 277, 313, 390, 758-9, 773, 784

Gerard or Gerardus de Sabloneta, 90

Gerbert (Silvester II), 20-1, 27, 322, 404

Gereon, 83, 755

Gergis, 718-9

Germa (Germath or Grema) of Babylon, 226-7, 552, 556, 698, 706, 716-9

Gerson, 675, 695

Gervaise of Tilbury, 102, 339

Gesner, _History of Animals_, 971

Ghellinck, J. d., 432

Giacosa, P., 269, 935-6

Gidel, C., 247

Gilbert the cardinal, 479

Gilbert of England, chap. lvii, 277, 404, 489, 493, 495, 498, 752, 755, 757, 856

Gilbert de la Porrée, 61

Gilbert of Montpellier, 478, 776

“Gilbertus,” 322, 404

Gildemeister, 354

Giles, _Verses on Urines_, 479

Giles, Brother, _On comets_, 453

Giles, St., 799

Giles, see Egidius de Tebaldis

_Gilgamesh Epic_, 266

Gilgil, 568, 718-9

Ginsburg, J., 237

Giovan Francesco Pico, 889

Giraldus, see Gerard

Girgith, 718-9

Glandiger of Athens, 234

Gloria, A., 876-7, 879, 914, 932, 934, 941, 943

Godefridus et Theodoricus, 125

_Glosses_, 474

Gollancz, H., 20

Gordon, Bernard, 492 _Decem ingeniis_, 848 _Lilium_, 479-80, 859 _Phlebotomy_, 856 _Prognostications_, 857

Gottheil, R. J. H., 205, 207

Gottron, A., 863

Gough, A. B., 681-2

Goulin, 915-6

Govi, G., 649

Gower, John, 221

Grabmann, M., 84, 195, 248, 314, 531, 598, 708, 879

Graevius, _Thesaurus_, 915

Grandrue, C. d., 716

Gratian, _Decretum_, 163, 605, 660

Gray, Thomas, 188

Greene, R., 680

Gregory I, the Great, pope, 89, 166, 194, 381, 467, 469, 668

Gregory of Nyssa, 589-91

Gregory of Tours, 606

Gremmgus, 237

Grosseteste, Robert, chap. lv, 248, 404, 522, 634, 649-50, 859 _Artibus liberalibus_, 439 _Comets_, 439, 441, 446-7 _Computus_, 644 _Finitate_, 439 _Generatione stellarum_, 440 _Greek Grammar_, 248 _Impressionibus_, 438, 445 _Iride_, 440 _Iudiciis_, 453 _Letters_, 438 _Libero arbitrio_, 439 _Lineis_, 443, 649 _Luce_, 444 _Natura locorum_, 440, 444 _Ordine emanandi_, 439 _Quod homo sit minor mundus_, 446 _Sphaera_, 439, 444 dubious or spurious, _Herbs_, 447 _Summa philosophiae_, 448-56, 527, 567

Grumerus of Piacenza, 60-7, 763

Gundissalinus, 73, 78-82, 177, 180, 346, 449

Guttman, J., 205

Haenel, 119, 237

Haeser, _Lehrb. d. Gesch. d. Medicin_, 478

Hagins the Jew, 926

Hain, 405

Haller, 724

Halliwell, J. O., 172

Haly, 495, 669, 671, 674, 827, 893

Haly Heben Rodan, 82, 222, 369, 586 _Elections_, 400, 930 _Judgments_, 182 _Nativities_, 82-3 _Ptolemy_, 257

Hames, son of Hasam, 782-3

Hammer-Jensen, 249-50

Handerson, H. E., chap. lvii

Hansen, J., 605

Hanus ben Hanne, 257

Haomar, see Aomar

Hardouin, 156

Harpocration, 228, 230, 232

Hartlieb, D., 740

Hartwig, O., 937-8

_Harvard Studies in Classical Philology_, 191

Haskins, C. H., chaps, xxxvi, xxxviii, 51, 181, 191, 195, 215, 292, 314, 316, 322, 465

Haskins and Lockwood, 90, 293

Hauck, A., 128

Haupt, 800

Hauréau, B., 9, 50-1, 61, 82, 99-101, 106-9, 841ff., 860

Haya Gaon, 281

Hearnshaw, F. J. C., 456

Heiberg, J. L., 90, 649

Heidel, W. E., 550

Heinemann, 123, 723, 747

Helfferich, A., 862

Helinandus, 470

Heller, A., 249

Helpericus, 56

Henry of Avranches, 307

Henry of Cologne, 311

Henry of Hereford, 523

Henry of Saxony, 740-1

Henzelerius, 931

Heraclius, 799

Herbort, 921

Hercher, R., 290

Hermann (Hermannus) Alemannus, 84

Hermannus Contractus, 84, 111

Hermann of Dalmatia, 83-5, 111, 390

Hermannus Theutonicus, 84

_Hermas_, 198

_Hermes_, 87-90, 172, 219, 234, 249, 784

Hermes Trismegistus, chap. xlv, 41, 138, 173, 177, 230, 253, 257, 260, 322, 335, 339, 353, 355, 361, 366, 449, 481, 551, 555, 557, 562, 567, 573-4, 589, 646, 660, 706, 727, 734, 769, 786, 816, 826, 891, 911, 959 alchemistic, 218 _Asclepius_, 219, 221, 574 astrological, 77, 220ff. _Centiloquium_, 221 _Deo deorum_, 219, 350 _Emerald Table_, 277 _Experiments_, 228 _Golden Bough_, 222 _Hellera_, 219, 350 images and incantations, books of, 220, 223ff. _Lune_, 223, 698 _Sacred Book_, see _Asclepius_ _Speculis et luce_, 220 _Six Principles_, 222-3, 283

Hermippus of Beirut, 290

Hermogenes, 219, 253

Hero of Alexandria, 32, 39-40, 112, 455-6

Herodotus the geographer, 429

Herophilus, 449

Hertling, G. F. v., 78, 519-20, 525ff., 597

Hertz, W., 247, 278

Herwegen, 126

Hildebrand, 194

Hildegard of Bingen, chap. xl, 9, 201, 344, 390, 743 _Causae et curae_, chap. xl _Divinorum operum_, chap. xl _Scivias_, chap. xl _Subtilitates_, chap. xl _Vitae meritorum_, chap. xl

Hilka and Söderhjelm, 72

Hime, H. W. L., 687-91

Hincmar of Reims, 605

Hipparchus, _Hierarchiis spirituum_, 960 _Ordine intelligentiarum_, 964 _Vinculo spiritus_, 963

Hippocrates, 134, 173, 189, 213, 273, 449, 574, 592, 671, 785, 896 _Aphorisms_, 501, 810 _Astrology_, 893-4, 911, 924 _Prognosticon_ or _Secrets_, 766 _Prognostics_, 501

Hirsch, S. A., 178, 644

Hirschfeld, R., 96

_Hist.-polit. Blätter_, 520

_Histoire Littéraire de la France_, 108, 302, 396-7, 403-4, 533, 550, 600, 642, 724-5, 742-3, 841, 850-1, 857, 868, 927, etc.

_Hist. Jahrbuch_, 520

_Hist. Zeitschrift_, 307

_History of the Britons_, 380

Hoefer, Ferdinand, 724, 785, 881

Holywood, John, see Sacrobosco

Homer, 449, 883

Honein ben Ishak, 212, 260, 501, chap. lxiv, 779, 785

Honorius of Autun, _Imago mundi_, 296, 418

Honorius of Thebes, _Sworn Book_, chap. xlix

Horace, 640, 883

Houzeau et Lancaster, 837

Hugh (Hugo) of Folieto, 19

Hugh of St. Victor, chap. xxxv, 82, 319-20, 407, 659, 911, 963 _Didascalicon_, 9ff., 36 _Bestiis_ (dubious), 15-8, 422

Hugh of Santalla, 85-7, 119, 230, 257

Hugolinus de Faventia, 839

Hulme, W. H., 72

Hunain ibn Ishak, see Honein ben

Hunt and Poole, 45

Hutton, James, 793

Hyginus, _Fabulae_, 56, 109, 656

Ibn Butlán, 759

_Incantator_, 555-6

_Index Expurgatorius_, 739, 742, 805, 864

Inge, W. R., 37

Innocent III, pope, 309, 407, 465

Isaac Amaraan, 896

Isaac Israeli, 88, 432, 434, 473, 489, 495, 502-10, 669

_Isaiah_, 605

Isidore of Seville, 10, 14-5, 82, 158-9, 171, 175, 192, 194, 199, 322, 377, 380, 405, 407, 422-33, 462, 473, 553, 668, 911

_Isis_, 173, 237

_Iudicia Herefordensis_, 186

Jacob the Jew, 336, 937

Jacobus de Dondis, 234

Jacobus de Huerne, 668

Jacobus de Vitriaco (Jacques de Vitry), 373, 377, 380, 382, 465

Jacobus de Voragine, _Golden Legend_, 427, 435, 475

Jacobus de Zuzato, 394

_Jahrb. f. Philos, u. Spekulat. Theol._, 594

James, M. R., 281 _Canterbury and Dover_, 26, 121 _Cambridge MSS._, 17, 86, 117, 263, 804, 812

Jammy, R. P., 571

_Janus_, 478, 739

Jean Clopinel, 442

Jean de Jandun, 922

Jean, and see John

Jebb, S., 312, 649, 680

Jehan de Bonnet, 792

Jerome, 194, 236, 433, 553, 612

Jessen, C., 123, 128, 531

_Jewish Encyclopedia_, 205, 208

_Jocalia Salamonis_, 722, 746

Joel, D., 205

Joel, M., 207

Johannitius, see Honein ben Ishak

John XXI, pope, see Peter of Spain

John XXII, pope, 713

John Alcerius, 799

John Alesto, 846

John Angelus, 826

John Argentin, 824

John Avendeath, 73

John of Belton, 800

John Calamida, 843

John of Capua, 937

John of Damascus, 432, 735

John of Gaddesden, see Gaddesden

John Lauratius de Fundis, 970

John le Begue, 799

John of Limoges, 296

John Lodoycus Tetrapharmacus, 67

John Monk, Brother, 282

John of Monte Corvino, 885

John Paulinus, 74, 746, 794-6, 804

John Paulus de Fundis, 795

John Peckham, see Peckham

John the Peripatetic, 449

John of St. Amand, 478, 510ff., 690

John of St. Paul’s, 795

John of Salisbury, chap. xli, 55, 61, 99, 293, 370 _Metalogicus_, chap. xli, 50, 640 _Polycraticus_, chap. xli, 11, 52, 100

John of Seville, 74

John Shaures, 721

John of Spain, 33, 97, 322, 794-6 _Cyromancia_, 77 _Epitome totius astrologiae_, 74ff., 183-4 Translations, 73-8, 269ff., 378

John of Toledo, 74-6

John David of Toledo, 76

John of Vercelli, 601

John, see chap. xxxviii, app. i, for a list mentioning other medieval Johns

Jonson, Ben, 281, 284, 286

Jorach or Jorath, 404, 423-4, 431, 542

Jordan, E., 622, 625

Jordanus Nemorarius, 238, 649, 804

Joret, P. L. C. R., 76

Joseph, _Dream-Book_, chap. l, 162, 279

Josephus, 674, 898

_Joshua_, 370

Jourdain, A., 67, 73, 310, 315, 599, 778

Jourdain, C., 5, 52, 108, 171, 254, 619, 970

_Journal Asiatique_, 237

_Journal des Savants_, 632, 634, 842

_Journal of English and Germanic Philology_, 401

_Journal of Palestine Oriental Society_, 279

_Journal of Royal Asiatic Society_, 267

Julius Caesar, 194

Julius Firmicus Maternus, see Firmicus

Julius of Salerno, 270

Justin Martyr, 873

Juvenal, 51, 193, 433

Kaiser, P., 123, 125, 130, 743

Kaltenbrunner, 444

Karpinski, L. C., 79, 84, 96, 215, 237; and see Smith and

Kästner, 332

Kaufman, A., 372, 374

Keicher, P. O., 869

Kennedy, D. J., 593

Kepler, 970

Khalid ibn Jazid, 214

Kiesewetter, 925

Killermann, S., 521

Kilwardby, Robert, 13, 81-2

_Kiranides_ (of Kiranus), chap. xlvi, 93, 269, 496, 726-7, 908

_Kirchengesch. Abhandl._, 306

_Kirchengesch. Studien_, 488

Klein, G., 373

Knoblochtzer, H., 739

Knöpfler, 488

Koburger, A., 457

Koehler, J. T., 488

_Koran_, 83, 785

Kraut, G., 125

Kretschmer, C., 425

Kroll, W., 230

Kroll et Skutsch, 900, 920

Krumbacher, K., 292

_La France Littéraire_, 248

La Porte du Theil, 785

Lami, G., 951

Lacroix, P., 263

Laione, T., 721

Lane-Poole, S., 190

Langlois, C. V., 99ff., 430, 578, 676, 693

_Lapidarius_, 421, 432, 495

Lauchert, F., 434

Lea, H. C., 860, 898, 941, 951

Leclerc, L., 756

Leland, J., 181, 478

Leo, emperor, 294

Leo XIII, pope, 313, 594

Leo Tuscus, 291ff., 300

Leonardo of Pisa, 237, 312

Lévy, L. G., chap. xliv, 134

_Liber de natura rerum_, 495

_Liber xii aquarum_, 569

_Liber Neumich_, 778

_Liber quartus_, 782

_Liber rerum_, 378, 383, 386

_Liber sacratus_, 283-90, 800

_Liber sustentationis_, 779

_Liber Theizer Dahalmodana Vahaltadabir_, 937

Liechtenstein, P., 390, 917, 927

Liechty, R. d., 521

Lilly, Wm., 827

Linde, v. d., 125

_Linnaea_, 520, 531

Lippmann, E. O. v., 214ff., 335, 354, 373

Little, A. G., 37, 578, chap. lxi, 693

Littré, E., 480

Liutprand the Lombard, 293

Livy, 793

Lockwood, see Haskins and

Lodge, O., 726

Loë, P. v., 520

_London Pharmacopeia_, 806

Louis à Valleoleti, 458; and see Valleoletanus

Louis of Angulo, 878

Loveday and Forster, 249-50

Loxius, 910

Luanco, J. R. d., 867

Luard, H. R., 437

Luca ben Serapion, 261

Lucan, 51, 101, 193, 895, 904

Lucian, 424

Lucretius, 101, 667

Luitprand the Lombard, 293

_Luke, Gospel of_, 149

Lull, Raymond, chap. lxix, 712, 846, 860-1 _Contemplationis in Deum_, 872 _Declaratio per modum dialogi_, 869-71 _Els cent Noms de Deu_, 873 _Maravels_, 867 _Medicina et astronomia_, 871 _Quaestiones per artem_, 867 _Speculum medicinae_, 867 _Tractatus novus de astronomia_, 868

_Lumen luminis_, 252

_Lumen luminum_, 308, 334ff.

Luquet, G. H., 248-9

Lydgate and Burgh, 267-8

Macaulay, 642

Macdonald, D. B., 785-6

Macer, Floridus, 194

Macer, Theophilus, 450

Machineus, 282

Macray, _Digby MSS_, 115, 223, 784, 871

Macrobius, 30, 56, 71, 421

Madan, 326

Magninus, _Regimen Sanitatis_, 924

Magor Graecus, see Toz Grecus

Mago, 378

Maimonides, Moses, chap. xliv, 93, 134, 344, 450, 452 _Aphorisms_, 208, 213, 760 _Asinate_, 845 _Astrologia_, 206, 211 _Iteratio legis_, 206 _Mishnah_, 205 _More Nevochim_, 205ff. _Poisons_, 206, 845, 938 _Precepts_, 205 _Yad-Hachazakah_, 205, 213

Major, R. H., 621

Mâle, E., 476, 536

Mandonnet, P., 519, 523, 525, 578ff., 593, 612, 621, 625, 630, 639, 643, 686, chap. lxii

Manget, J. J., 215, 250

Manitius, M., 487

_Mappe clavicula_, 22, 799

Marbod, 93, 202, 300, 378, 469, 566 _Lapidum_, 387, 421, 430

Marcellus Empiricus, 160, 421, 482, 768

Marchio Sessa, 721

Marco Polo, 242, 674, 878, 885

Marcus Grecus, _Liber ignium_, 252, 738, 784ff., 797

Marcus of Toledo, 67, 785

Maré, P., see Fretté E. and

Marlo, 172

Marsh, see Adam

Marsiglio of Padua, 922

Martene, _Thesaurus novus_, 622, 625

Martens, E. v., 521

Martial, 193

Martianus Capella, 23, 56, 102, 104, 176, 379, 393, 432, 439

Martin of Burgos, 121

Martin of Poland, 459

Maslama, 22

Masʿûdî, see Al-Masʿûdî

Mattaeus de Guarimbertis, 668

_Matthew, Gospel of_, 611

Matthew Paris, 437, 675

Matthew of Vendôme, 109

Matthew of Westminster, 128, 130

Matthias Illyricus Flacius, 842

Maupied, F. L. M., 533

Maynard, B. d and Courteille, P. d., 264

Mazzuchelli, G. M., 876, 879-80, 889, 916, 919, 925-6, 930, 934, 936

McCabe, J., 4

McCown, C. C., 279

Mead, Richard, 786

Mély, F. d., 250

Memroth, 56

Menander, 378

Mendel, 329

Menéndez Pelayo, 841

Merrifield, Mrs., 119, 799

Messahala, 75-8, 82, 86, 89, 256, 322, 418, 669, 827

Mesue, or, _filius Mesue_, (Yuhanna ibn Masawaih), 734-5, 780, 880, 884

Meunier, F., 970

Meyer, E. H. F., 520, 531, 538, 725, 739-40, 742

Michael, E., 520

Michael Scot, chap. li, 195, 243, 373, 378, 393, 404, 418, 478, 796, 800, 892, 911 alchemistic treatises, 252, 308, 334ff. _Chiromancy_, 331 _Decem kathegoriis_, 308 _Geomancy_, 119, 331, 838 _Introductorius_, chap. li _Mensa philosophica_, 308 _Particularis_, chap. li _Phisionomia_, 308, 328-30 _Pills_, 331 _Secretis naturae_, 308, 721, 739, 742 _Sphere_, 308, 315, 332-3 _Urines_, 331

Michel, F., 703

Michelitsch, A., 594, 612

Michelius, A., 806

Millot-Carpentier, 488, 490, 498-9

Miola, A., 593

_Mischna Commentary_, 134

Monk, Brother John, 282

_Monthly Magazine_, 621

Morgenstern, J., 265

Morienus Romanus, 83, 214ff., 222, 252

Moses the law-giver, 6, 91, 162, 208, 299, 322, 660, 674, 896-7

Moses ben Maimon, or, of Cordova, see Maimonides

Moses of Salerno, 207

Muhammad b. Musa al-Hwarazmi, 237; and see Al-Khowarizmi

Muir, P., 688

Munk, 248

Münter, _Stern der Weisen_, 611

Muratori, _Scriptores_, 826ff.

Myers, E., 9

Narbey, Abbé, 682

Nardi, B., 916

_Nation_ (New York), 279

_Natur und Kultur_, 373

_Nature_, 687

Nau, F., 86, 237

Naudé, G., 550, 679-80, 693, 882-3, 889-90, 911-2, 915, 926, 946-7

Neckam, Alexander, chap. xliii, 313, 379, 430, 638, 670, 984 _Corrogationes Promethei_, 191 _Laudibus_, 194 _Naturis rerum_, chap. xliii, 187, 247, 263, 372, 387-8, 540

Nemroth, see Nimrod

Nettleton, J., 807

_Neue Archiv_, 128

Newton, Sir Isaac, 804

Nicephorus, 290

Nicholas (or, Nicolaus), _Antidotarium_, 495, 510

Nicholas of Aquila, 833

Nicholas, a copyist, 740

Nicholas Damascenus, 259

Nicholas of Denmark, 695

Nicholas Oresme, see Oresme

Nicholas of Poland, Montpellier, or de Bodlys, _Antipocras_, 769 _Experiments_, 253, 768, 794, 796-7 _Stellarum fata_, 770

Nicholas of Reggio, 67

Niese, H., 310

Nimrod the astronomer, 56, 321-2, 647

_Nine Waters of the Philosophers_, 799

Ninus Delphicus, 404

Nolan, E., and Hirsch, S. A., 178, 684

Norbar the Arab, 813

Nussey, D., see Mâle, E.

Obers de Montdidier, 926

Odo of St. Rémy, 238

Olympiodorus, 228

Oppert, 239

Oresme, Nicholas, 970

Orr, M. A., 825

Otto of Freising, 239

Ovid, 101, 191, 193, 631, 647

Paetow, L. J., 594, 617

Pagel, J. L., 510

Palemon, 910

Pangerl, A., 520, 531

Pansier, P., 478

Papias, 432

Parisius, Abbot, 803

Parrot, A., 682

Paul, the apostle, 648

Payne, J. F., 478

Peckham, John, 629

Pedro Alfonso, 68-71, 650 _Dialogi cum ludeo_, 69 _Disciplina clericalis_, 69-71, 777 _Dracone_, 68-9 _Epistola ad Peripateticos_, 70-1

Pegge, S., 436, 438

Pelster, F., 520

Perro, G., 488

Persius, 51

_Peter, Second Epistle of_, 198

Peter (or, Petrus), see Abano, Pedro Alfonso, and Comestor

Peter of Auvergne, 599, 601

Peter of Berenico, 270

Peter Calo, 593

Peter Cantor, 102

Peter Collensis, 921

Peter de Crescentiis, 529

Peter the Deacon, 408, 757

Peter Herlensis, 668

Peter Lombard, 466, 605

Peter of Milan, 459

Peter Peregrinus, 791

Peter of Prussia, 394, 519, 523ff., 549ff., 558, 568, 579, 599ff., 610, 704, 740-2

Peter of Reggio, 946

Peter Riga, 108

Peter of St. Audemar, 799

Peter of Spain (John XXI), chap. lviii, 306, 373, 477-8, 521, 523, 650, 936, 938, 979 _Conservanda sanitate_, 488, 499-500 _Isaac on Diets_, 502-10, 886 _Logic_, 489 _Morbis oculorum_, 498 _Rule of Health_, 489, 501 _Thesaurus pauperum_, chap. lviii, 422, 767, 850-1 _Waters_, 500-1 other treatises, 494, 501

Peter of Suzara, 931

Peter of Tuscany, 492

Peter the Venerable, 83

Peter de Vineis, 314

Petrarch, 634

Petronius, 109

Petrus, see Peter

Philaretus, 449, 501

Philemon, 910

Philetus, 552

Philip of Byblos, 270

Philip, chancellor of Paris, 694, 715

Philip of Salerno, 270, 310

Philip of Spain, 67

Philip of Tripoli, 67, 230, 245, 270ff., 310, 750

Philip, papal physician, 244

Philo of Byzantium, 249

Philo Judaeus, 208, 474

Philochoros, 290

_Philologus_, 422

_Philosophical Review_, 686

Philostratus, 201

_Physiologus_, 4, 15, 379, 433-4, 474, 542, 566

Picatrix, chap. lxvi, 800, 901

Pico della Mirandola, 255, 607, 693-6, 884, 913, 929, 970

Pignon, 571, 695

_Pipe Roll for 1130_, 21, 45

Pitra, J. B. _Analecta sacra_, 122, 138 _Spicilegium_, 372, 379, 389

Pits, 478

Platearius (cited), 379, 413, 432-3, 473, 495

Platearius, John, 795

Plato, 5, 112, 174, 193, 218, 251, 365-6, 449, 471, 485, 567, 577, 584, 586, 608, 639, 648, 733, 815-6, 896, 898 _Laws_, 778, 904 _Republic_, 333 _Timaeus_, 23, 30, 33, 40, 53, 56, 507, 601 spurious, 257 _Quartus_, 782-3 _Tegimenti_, 734-5, 778 _Tredecim clavibus_, 783 _Vaccae_, 723, 735, 767, 783, 800, 809-10

Plato of Tivoli, 75, 82-3, 85, 119, 449

Pliny the Elder, 33, 133, 158, 169, 194, 242, 247, 377, 382-4, 405, 421-3, 433, 440, 460, 463, 469-70, 474, 496, 538, 542-4, 546, 560, 562, 645, 653, 768, 977 _Medicina_ (Pseudo), 496, 543

Plotinus, 37, 165, 248, 443, 981

Plutarch, 36, 200-1

Polemon, 266

Pollard, A. F., 173

Polybius, 112

Poole, R. L., 21, 50ff., 98-101, 155; and see Hunt and

Porphyry, 601, 604

Posidonius, 592

Potthast, A., 460

Pouchet, F. A., 521, 523, 532, 538, 548, 881

Prantl, K. v., 250, 489

_Prenostica Pitagorice_, 117-8

_Prenostica Socratis Basilei_, 115-7

Prester John, _Letter_, chap. xlvii, 230

Preyer, _Gesch. d. deutsch. Mystik_, 128

Probst, J. H., 862, 864

Proclus, _Elementatio theologica_, 600

Profatius Judaeus, 94

Prümmer, D., 593

_Psalms_, 168, 191, 858

_Psalter_, 295, 528, 549, 903

Psellus, Michael, 489

Ptolemy, 41, 56, 77-8, 115, 179, 194, 256-7, 274, 291, 322, 336, 369, 440, 451, 556-7, 584ff., 589, 614, 669, 674, 700-1, 769, 786, 826, 835, 884, 895-6, 898-9, 959, 979 _Accidentibus magnis_, 586 _Accidentibus parvis_, 586 _Almagest_, 88-91, 172-3, 176, 178, 257, 314, 529 _Centiloquium_, 85, 301, 487, 586, 891, 959 _Geography_, 645 _Optics_, 33, 91 _Planisphere_, 84 _Quadripartitum_ or _Tetrabiblos_, 82, 257, 586, 591

Ptolemy of Lucca, 458ff., 488ff., 522ff., 538, 594ff., 612, 649

Pythagoras, 112, 115, 422, 444, 485, 904 _Book of the Romans_, 405, 431, 433 _Prenostica_, 117

_Quaestio curiosa_, 334

Quetif and Echard, 455, 600, 695

Quintilian, Pseudo-, 106

Rabanus Maurus, 379, 414-5, 417, 470

Rabbinowicz, I. M., 206

Rabelais, 814

_Raccolta Scotti_, 930

Ralph of Toulouse, 120

Ramsay, Wm., 36

Rantzovius, H., 805

Rashdall, H., 306, 576, 599, 618, 630, 684, 686

Rasis (or Rhazes), 89, 252, 308, 334, 463, 498, 798, chap. lxiv, 910, 924 _Aluminibus et salibus_, 470 _Antidotarium_, 754, 772 _Aphorisms_, 764 _Diets_, 765 _Divisions_, 772 _Egritudinibus juncturarum_, 752, 754, 772 _Eighty-eight Natural Experiments_, 784ff. _Elhâwi_, 757 _Medical Experiments_, 752ff., 771-4 _Practica puerorum_, 753, 772 _Sixty Animals_, 574, 762 _Spirit_, 765 _Spirituals_, 765

Ratdolt, E., 826, 917, 920, 924, 929

Raymond Lull, see Lull

Raymond of Marseilles, 92

Raymond of Tárrega, 864, 867

Raziel, 699

Reade, W. H. V., 686

_Regimen Salernitanum_, 856

_Regimen senum_, 656

Regiomontanus, 882

Reinaud et Favé, 31

Remigius, 91

Renan, E., 314, 792, 888

Rennelagh, Lady, 806

Renzi, S. d., 97, 315, 757

Reuss, F. A., 125

Reuter, H. F., 50

_Revelation, Book of_, 672

_Revista Lulliana_, 862

_Revue d. Études Grecques_, 250

_Rev. d. Langues Romanes_, 606

_Rev. d. l’Orient Chrétien_, 86

_Rev. d. Paris_, 578, 693

_Rev. d. Philosophie_, 313

_Rev. d. Questions Historiques_, 125, 457, 463, 682

_Rev. Néo-Scolastique_, 578, 625, 693, 704, 708

_Rev. Pratique d’ Apologétique_, 598

_Rev. Thomiste_, 708

Richard, 495

Richard Bordeniensis, 439

Richard of St. Victor, 407

Richard of Salerno, 478

Richard of Wendover, 478

Rigaltius, N., 290

Rigord, 313

Risner, F., 454

_Rivista di filosofia neo-scolastica_, 916

_Rivista degli studi orientali_, 260

Robert, 498

Robert Anglicus, 437

Robert of Chester, 83, 85, 215, 220

Robert of Lincoln, see Grosseteste

Robert Scriptor, see Scriptor

Robert Turco, 808

Robinson, P., 578, 693

Rocquain, F., 606

Rodriguez de Castro, _Bibl. Espan._, 878

Roger Bacon, see Bacon

Roger of Hereford, 181-7, 260 _Astrology in four parts_, 181-5 _Iudicia Herefordensis_, 186 _Three General Judgments_, 185-6 other works listed, 181-2

Roger of Parma, 67, 479

Rohner, A., 207

_Romance of the Rose_, 442, 703, 950

_Romanic Review_, 85, 322

Ronzoni, 916

Rose, V., 89, 219, 248-9, 459, 476 _Aristoteles De lapidibus_, 90, 260ff., 373, 430-1 _Aristoteles Pseudepigraphus_, 248 _Handschriften-Verzeichnisse_, 76, 399, 741, 749, 769 _Medicina Plinii_, 179 _Ptolemaeus_, 87, 172, 784

Rose, W. D., 249

Roth, F. W. E., 125

_Roxburghe Club Publications_, 265

Ruffus, 483

Rufus, 277

Ruska, J., 237, 260, 430

Rusticus (Elpidus?), 803

Sacon, 755

Sacrobosco, 280, 332-3, 439, 804, 960, 964

Sainctes, C. d., 292

Salembier, 645

Saliceto, see William de

Salimbene, _Chronicle_, 402, 832, 944

Salio of Padua, 67, 221

Salomoni, 876

_Salus vitae_, 794

Salzinger, 862

Sandys, J. E., 101, 679

Savasorda, 82

Savonarola, Michael, 877-9, 882, 888-9, 911, 915, 944-6

Scardeone, B., 876, 882-3, 889, 915, 936, 940, 946

Scheible, J., 925

Schmelzeis, J. P., 125, 130

Schneider, A., 530-1

Schott, J., 125, 130, 757

Schum, W., 68, 256, 267, 515, 695, 714, 740, 784, 810

Schwab, _Bibliog. d’Aristote_, 249

_Science_, 687

Scipio Africanus, 404

Scott, _Index to Sloane MSS_, 78, 514, 795, 930

Scriptor, Ro., 120

Se Boyar, G. E., 402

_Secret aux philosophes_, 277, 743-4, 791-2

_Secret of Secrets_, see Aristotle, Pseudo-

_Secretum philosophorum_, 784, 788-91, 804, 811-2

Secundus, _Dicta_, 487

_Sefer ha-Yashar_, 281

Selous, 383

Semerion, 562

_Semita recta_, 569-71

Seneca, 30, 51, 316, 374, 396, 398, 548, 636, 645, 647

Seppelt, F. X., 306

Septuagint, 898

Serapion, 290, 929

Sessa Marchio, 721

Seth, 7

_Seven Parts, Code of_, 814

_Seventy Precepts_, 251-2

Severus Sebokht, 237

Sextus Empiricus, 891

Sextus Papirius Placidus, 762-3, 804

Shakespeare, 687

Shute, R., 248

_Sibylline Books_, 161, 293, 331, 844

_Siete Partidas_, 814

Siger of Brabant, 362, 526, 686, 694, 707-12

Sighart, J., 519, 693

Silvester II, pope, see Gerbert

Simarchardus, 300

Simiterre, R., 598

Simlerus, 740

Simon Cordo of Genoa, 929

Simonsen, D., 205

Simplicius, 601

Singer, C., 89, 124ff., 173, 456

_Sitzungsberichte_ (Bavaria), 195, 527, 532

_Sitzungsberichte_ (Berlin), 770

_Sitzungsberichte_ (Heidelberg), 237

_Sitzungsberichte_ (Vienna), 125, 292, 634

Sloane, Sir Hans, 217, 795, 803-8

Smarchas, 300

Smith, D. E., 22, 642, 649, 687

Smith, D. E., and Karpinski, L. C., 237

Socion, 755

Socrates, 115ff., 573, 576-7, 589-90, 639, 668, 853, 902

“Socrates,” 869-70

Söderhjelm, see Hilka and

Solinus, 169, 194, 199, 377, 382-3, 421, 432-3, 440, 473, 540, 542, 724

Solomon, chap. xlix, 227, 353, 386-7, 393, 437, 449, 632, 646, 660, 663, 674, 847 alchemistic, 283 _Almandel_ or _Mandel_, 280, 351, 552, 699 _Ars notoria_, 281, 660 astrological, 283 _Cephar Raziel_, 281 _Clavicula_, 280 _Experiments_, 282, 792, 808 _Idea et entocta_, 280, 351 _Jocalia_, 722, 746 _Novem candariis_, 280 _Palmistry_, 283 _Pentagon_, 280, 351 _Philosophy_, 283 _Quatuor annulis_, 280 _Sacratus_, chap. xlix _Song of Songs_, 191 _Umbris idearum_, 280, 964-5

_Sortes apostolorum_, 606

_Sortes sanctorum_, 606

Souchier, H., 270

_Speculum secretorum_, 569

Sprengel, K., 724

Stadler, H., 315, 373, 519, 521, 527, 534

Stapper, R., chap. lviii

Steele, R., 12, 132, 258, 265, 268ff., 296, 401, chap. lxi, 694

Steinschneider, M., chap. xxxviii, 206, 250, 269, 272, 292, 390, 693, 718, 756, 758, 771, 777-8, 780, 785, 794, 809, 823-4, 845, 875, 878, 888, 928

Stephen of Bourbon, 339

Stephen of Messina, 67, 221

Stephen of Paris, or Tempier, 526, 709

Stevenson, F., 437

Strato, 249, 290

Strbachan, 300

Stubbs, W., 675

_Studi e Documenti di Storia e Diritto_, 951

Sudhoff, K., 75, 87, 173, 179, 770

Suter, H., 20-1, 84-5, 757

_Sworn-Book_, chap. xlix

Symphorien Champier, see Champier

Tabariensis, 735

_Tacuinum Dei_, 757

_Talmud_, 208, 339, 525

Tanner, T., 96

Tannery, P., 229

Taylor, H. O., 685

_Temple Classics_, 442

Tertullian, 166

Tessen-Wesierski, F., 594

Thaddeus of Florence, 96, 798

Thales, 173, 646

_Theatrum chemicum Britannicum_, 218, 334

_Theatrum chymicum_, see Zetzner

Thebit ben Corat, 22, 77, 89, 223, 262, 322, 439, 449, 556-7, 668, 673, 690, 718, 756, 782, 802, 827, 899

Theiner, 312

Themistius, 89

Theodoric of Chartres, 341

Theodosius, 41, 89

Theophilus, _Schedula_, 799

Theophilus, _Urines_, 501

Theophilus Macer, see Macer

Theophrastus, 432, 532, 647

Thessalus, 233-4

Thetel, 377, 389 ff., 399-400, 469-70, 567; and see Zael

Thoemes, N., 519

Thomas, see Aquinas, Laione

Thomas of Cantimpré (or, Brabant), chap. liii, 469, 476, 530, 560, 593, 599, 638 _Bonum universale_, chap. liii, 528, 595ff., 944 _Natura rerum_, chap. liii, 202, 243, 251-2, 315, 324, 422, 465, 515, 567, 676-8, 741, 767

Thomas del Garbo, 967

Thomas of Pisa (or, Bologna), 695, 801-2

Thomas of Strasburg, _Commentary on the Sentences_, 881-2, 943-4, 946

Thompson, D’Arcy W., 30, 422

Thompson, S. P., 791

Thorndike, L., 686-7

_Times_ (London), 24, 36

Tiraboschi, G., 888, 916, 930, 962, 967

Tobias, 769

Tomasinus, 78

Tomasini, J. P., 882, 913, 915, 934

Tommaso, see Thomas

Torror, 482

Toz Grecus, 172, 177, 224ff., 353, 355, 557, 698, 706, 718

Trevisa, 410

Trithemius, 550, 912, 969

_Turba philosophorum_, 234

Turner, W., 863

_Twelve Colors_, 799

_Twelve Tables_, 647

_Twelve Waters_, 251, 501, 797-8

Twyne, Brian, 172, 181

Tycho Brahe, 970

Ulpian, 173

Ulrich Engelbert, 527, 548-9

_Uraharum_, 699

Urcanus Romanus, 755

Urso, 800

_Ut episcopi_, 163

Vacandard, E., _Inquisition_, 943

Vacant et Mangenot, 519, 523, 617, 628, 684

Valencia, a king of, cited, 563

Valentinelli, J., 77, 232, 716, 723, 763

Valerius, _To Rufinus_, 102

Valleoletanus, 695

Valois, N., chap. lii, 632, 693

Velbetus, 432

_Verae alchemiae_, 252, 758

Verci, G. B., 876, 914, 930, 932, 934, 940, 943

Vergil, 100, 159, 193, 825, 896, 959 _Pictorial Waters_, 799 _Twelve Waters_, 798

Villani, Filippo, 825, 881

Villani, Giovanni, 951, 953-5, 963, 967

Villard de Honnecourt, 537

Vinaud, Colomb, 646

Vincent of Beauvais, chap. lvi, 102, 207, 315, 373, 521, 523, 626, 638 _Consolatory Letter_, 458 _Education of Royal Children_, 458 _Memoriale omnium temporum_, 460 _Speculum doctrinale_, 8-9, 79, chap. lvi _Speculum historiale_, 130, 250, chap. lvi _Speculum morale_ (spurious), 457 _Speculum naturale_, 403, 422, 430, chap. lvi, 524, 531

Virchow’s _Archiv_, 756

Vitruvius, 32, 133, 199

Vogl, S., see Björnbo and

Vossius, 332

_Vulgate_, 631, 644

Wadding, 335, 403, 622

Wagenseil, J. C., 296

Walcher, prior of Malvern, 68-9, 187

Walter, a medical writer, 495, 497

Walter the Breton, 120

Walter of St. Victor, 61

Warner, _Library_, 205

Wasmann, E., 126

Waters, treatises on, 797-9

Webb, C. C. I., chap. xli

Wedel, T. O., 186-7

Wegener, A., 814

Weiss, M., 519

Wellmann, 923-4

Werner, K., 634

Werner, M. K., 341

Westenburgh, John, 550

_Westminster Review_, 683, 707

_Western Reserve University Bulletin_, 72

Wharton, _Anglia sacra_, 439

Whytefeld, J., 117

William, king of Sicily, 563

William of Aragon, _Centiloquium_, 301, 487 _Dreams_, 300-2, 847

William of Auvergne, chap. lii, 219-20, 223, 374, 512, 522, 548, 553, 598, 611, 632, 650, 666, 674, 676, 689-90, 702, 735, 778, 966 _Fide_, chap. lii _Legibus_, 279-81, 287, chap. lii _Moribus_, 339 _Universo_, 226, 236-7, 260, chap. lii, 466, 711

William, Brother, _Summa_, 466

William of Brescia, 937-8

William of Brixia, 846

William of Champeaux, 8

William of Conches, chap. xxxvii, 86, 103, 156, 171-2, 179, 341, 414, 464, 535 _Commentary on Boethius_, 53 _Dragmaticon_, chap. xxxvii _Glosses_, 11 _Honesto et utili_, 52 _Philosophia_, chap. xxxvii, 175, 297, 379

William Durantus, 878

William of England, 92 _Pactis_, 486 _Urina non visa_, 222, 301, 485-7 _Virtute aquilae_, 487

William of Hirschau, 62-4

William of Mechlin, 721

William of Moerbeke, 67, 119, 395, 454-5, 599, 643, 880, 883, 924, 929

William of Provence, 487

William of St. Amour, 525, 596

William of St. Cloud, 262, 668

William of St. Thierry, 59

William de Saliceto, 120, 760-1

William of Shyrwood, 527, 622, 639

William Wolf, 637

Willis, Capt., 806

Willner, H., chap. xxxvi

Wimmer, J., 521; and see Aubert and

Winterfeld, v., 128

Witelo, 454-6, 638, 643

Withington, E., 635, 767

Witzel, T., 578, 617, 626, 682, 693

Wolf, _Bibl. Hebr._, 878

Wolf, H., 222

Wolf, M. d., 929

Wright, Thomas, 172, 189-93, 197-199

Wrobel and Barach, 101

Yuhanna ibn el-Batrik, 269

Yuhanna ibn Masawaih, see Mesue

Yule, Sir Henry, _Marco Polo_, 240, 242 _Prester John_, 239

Zael or Zahel, 223, 256, 322, 380, 956, 959 _Fatidica_, 84, 390 _Seals_, 389ff., 399-400; and see Thetel

Zarncke, F., chap. xlvii

Zassari, _Cesena MSS_, 879

Zdekauer, L., 488

Zebel, Pseudo-, 391

_Zeitschrift f. d. Alterthum_, 800

_Zeitsch. f. Assyriol._, 266

_Zeitsch. f. deutsch. Alterthum_, 90, 260, 430

_Zeitsch. f. deutsch. Morgendl. Gesell._, 292, 354

_Zeitsch. f. kath. Theol._, 520

_Zeitsch. f. kirchl. Wiss. u. Leben_, 125

_Zeitsch. f. Math. u. Physik_, 693

Zeno of Athens, 755

Zeno, _De naturalibus_, 432

Zetzner, _Theatrum chemicum_, 354, 758, 783, 797

Zoroaster, 321, 449, 647, 911, 960, 963-4

Zwemer, S. M., 862

INDEX OF MANUSCRIPTS

Additional 8790, p. 118

Additional 9600, p. 118

Additional 9702, p. 294

Additional 11676, p. 64

Additional 15236, pp. 115ff., 266ff.

Additional 17345, pp. 395, 708

Additional 18210, p. 65

Additional 18752, p. 811

Additional 21978, p. 922

Additional 22636, pp. 491, 514

Additional 22668, p. 97

Additional 22772, p. 94

Additional 22773, p. 94

Additional 24068, p. 331

Additional 25000, pp. 491, 515

Additional 26768, p. 839

Additional 26779, p. 64

Additional 30351, p. 746

Additional 32622, pp. 492ff., 500, 515, 746, 788, 791, 811

Additional 34111, pp. 101, 803

Additional 35112, p. 101

Additional 37079, pp. 909, 918, 923, 935, 937

Alger 1517, p. 294

Alger 1518, p. 294

All Souls 68, p. 88

All Souls 81, p. 233

Ambros. L. 92, p. 308

Amplon. Duodecimo 17, p. 118

Amplon. Folio 37, p. 486

Amplon. Folio 179, p. 308

Amplon. Folio 260, p. 773

Amplon. Folio 265, p. 773

Amplon. Folio 271, p. 515

Amplon. Folio 272, p. 98

Amplon. Folio 276, p. 794

Amplon. Folio 303, p. 515

Amplon. Folio 381, p. 840

Amplon. Folio 386, p. 642

Amplon. Folio 387, p. 97

Amplon. Folio 389, pp. 97, 119

Amplon. Folio 393, p. 642

Amplon. Octavo 32, p. 800

Amplon. Octavo 62, pp. 515, 800

Amplon. Octavo 79, pp. 76, 282, 749

Amplon. Octavo 84, pp. 75, 282

Amplon. Octavo 85, p. 64

Amplon. Octavo 87, p. 64

Amplon. Octavo 88, pp. 118-9

Amplon. Quarto 15, p. 749

Amplon. Quarto 28, p. 282

Amplon. Quarto 35, p. 97

Amplon. Quarto 157, p. 749

Amplon. Quarto 174, p. 118

Amplon. Quarto 186, p. 267

Amplon. Quarto 188, pp. 723, 810

Amplon. Quarto 189, pp. 524, 714, 800

Amplon. Quarto 193, p. 515

Amplon. Quarto 196, p. 486

Amplon. Quarto 217, pp. 233-4

Amplon. Quarto 222, pp. 922, 936

Amplon. Quarto 223, p. 714

Amplon. Quarto 234, p. 749

Amplon. Quarto 293, p. 524

Amplon. Quarto 296, p. 524

Amplon. Quarto 299, pp. 740, 749

Amplon. Quarto 301, p. 803

Amplon. Quarto 330, p. 811

Amplon. Quarto 342, p. 749

Amplon. Quarto 345, pp. 118, 486

Amplon. Quarto 348, p. 714

Amplon. Quarto 349, pp. 95, 714

Amplon. Quarto 351, p. 68

Amplon. Quarto 354, pp. 97, 221, 719

Amplon. Quarto 357, p. 486

Amplon. Quarto 361, pp. 118, 391, 486, 784-6, 788, 811

Amplon. Quarto 365, pp. 74, 118

Amplon. Quarto 368, p. 118

Amplon. Quarto 371, p. 76

Amplon. Quarto 373, p. 119ff.

Amplon. Quarto 374, p. 118

Amplon. Quarto 377, pp. 75, 118, 120, 256, 694

Amplon. Quarto 380, pp. 119, 282

Amplon. Quarto 381, p. 220

Amplon. Quarto 384, p. 120

Amplon. Quarto 391, p. 486

Amplon. Math. 8, pp. 119, 226

Amplon. Math. 9, p. 220

Amplon. Math. 29, pp. 695, 918

Amplon. Math. 47, p. 119

Amplon. Math. 50, p. 281

Amplon. Math. 53, p. 220

Amplon. Math. 54, pp. 220, 282

Amplon. Math. 69, p. 695

Amplon. Medic. 54, p. 919

Arezzo 232, pp. 219, 253, 794

Arsenal 379A, p. 240

Arsenal 387, p. 716

Arsenal 723, p. 922

Arsenal 748A, p. 250

Arsenal 873, pp. 823, 923

Arsenal 1033, p. 823

Arsenal 1035, p. 310

Arsenal 1129, p. 840

Arundel 66, pp. 119, 121, chap. lxvii

Arundel 115, pp. 755, 771

Arundel 142, p. 397

Arundel 164, pp. 372, 397, 570, 786

Arundel 165, p. 248

Arundel 251, pp. 74, 529, 730, 746, 793-5

Arundel 268, p. 77

Arundel 270, p. 70

Arundel 298, p. 397

Arundel 323, pp. 372, 374, 380, 382, 384, 396-7

Arundel 342, pp. 225, 228, 723, 736, 809

Arundel 344, p. 530

Arundel 377. p. 65, 87, chap. xlii, 219, 930

Arundel 382, p. 780ff.

Ashburnham (Florence), 98, p. 65

Ashburnham (Florence) 115, p. 398

Ashburnham (Florence) 136, p. 716

Ashburnham (Florence) 143, p. 498

Ashmole 179, p. 293

Ashmole 191, p. 322

Ashmole 192, p. 186

Ashmole 304, pp. 112, 114ff.

Ashmole 341, p. 221

Ashmole 342, pp. 114, 122

Ashmole 345, pp. 110, 123, 486, 702, 715

Ashmole 357, p. 87

Ashmole 360, p. 121

Ashmole 361, p. 296

Ashmole 369, p. 259

Ashmole 393, pp. 456, 524, 718

Ashmole 399, pp. 114, 122

Ashmole 1384, p. 253

Ashmole 1416, p. 283

Ashmole 1437, pp. 794, 814, 824

Ashmole 1446, p. 95

Ashmole 1448, pp. 233-4, 251, 253, 259, 796-8

Ashmole 1450, pp. 233, 253

Ashmole 1471, pp. 220, 228, 230, 392, 400, 524, 529

Ashmole 1485, p. 798

Ashmole 1515, p. 282

Ashmole 1741, p. 259

Assisi 283, p. 250

Assisi 292, p. 501

Avranches 232, p. 74

Balliol 3, pp. 13, 82

Balliol 96, p. 172

Balliol 231, pp. 759-60, 775

Balliol 285, p. 772

Berlin 166, pp. 759, 768-9, 775

Berlin 193, p. 102

Berlin 387, p. 171

Berlin 899, p. 773

Berlin 905, p. 76

Berlin 908, pp. 752, 775

Berlin 909, p. 922

Berlin 921, p. 65

Berlin 934, p. 95

Berlin 956, pp. 218, 236, 353, 399

Berlin 963, pp. 486, 717, 928

Berlin 964, p. 184

Berlin 965, pp. 119, 391

Berlin 968, p. 747

Berlin 969, p. 121

Berlin 976, p. 749

Berlin Latin Octavo 42, p. 233

Berlin Theol. Octavo 94, p. 101

Berlin Latin Quarto 385, p. 750

Berlin Latin Quarto 387, p. 171

Berlin Folio 573, p. 234

Bernard 2019, p. 191

Bernard 2063, pp. 750, 923

Bernard 2581, p. 191

Bernard 2596, p. 64

Bernard 3565, p. 65

Bernard 3623, pp. 64, 799

Bernard 4056, p. 64

Bernard 4094, p. 191

Bibl. Alex. (Rome) 102, p. 65

Bibl. Alex. (Rome) 172, p. 127

Bibl. Angelica (Rome) 1481, p. 269

Bibl. Palat. Parma 1065, p. 501

BN nouv. acq. 433, p. 361

BN nouv. acq. 1401, p. 307

BN nouv. acq. 1429, p. 13

BN nouv. acq. 4227, p. 606

BN nouv. acq. moyen format 1789, p. 923

BN (Latin) 347, pp. 402, 428, 434

BN 347B, pp. 372, 422

BN 523A, p. 372

BN 734, p. 878

BN 1002, p. 293

BN 2342, p. 241ff.

BN 2389, pp. 20, 48

BN 2598, pp. 258, 880, 892, 895, 898, 901, 918, 921

BN 2772, p. 261

BN 3109, p. 609

BN 3195, p. 100

BN 3245, p. 101

BN 3282, p. 294

BN 3359, p. 241ff.

BN 3446, p. 98

BN 3660A, p. 743

BN 3718, p. 101

BN 3899, pp. 607, 609

BN 4694, p. 65

BN 5129, p. 101

BN 5698, p. 100

BN 6244A, p. 240

BN 6296, p. 74

BN 6298, p. 80

BN 6325, p. 250

BN 6395, p. 100

BN 6415, pp. 19, 65, 100-1, 172

BN 6477, p. 100

BN 6480, p. 100

BN 6506, p. 78

BN 6512, p. 609

BN 6514, pp. 218, 525, 784, 787

BN 6517, p. 308

BN 6540, p. 922

BN 6541, p. 922

BN 6541A, p. 922

BN 6542, p. 922

BN 6543, p. 922

BN 6552, p. 799

BN 6584, p. 269ff.

BN 6656, p. 64

BN 6738A, p. 607

BN 6742, p. 799

BN 6749, p. 799

BN 6752A, p. 101

BN 6786, pp. 607, 609

BN 6820, p. 924

BN 6893, p. 772

BN 6902 to 6904, pp. 752, 772

BN 6906, pp. 752, 772

BN 6948, pp. 94, 937

BN 6956, p. 501

BN 6957, pp. 490, 500

BN 6961, p. 919

BN 6962, p. 919

BN 6971, p. 848

BN 6978, p. 76

BN 7031, p. 776

BN 7046, pp. 759-60, 772, 775

BN 7054, p. 101

BN 7056, pp. 478, 769, 803

BN 7105, p. 799

BN 7148, pp. 740-1, 749

BN 7152, p. 282

BN 7153, p. 281

BN 7156, pp. 218, 308, 524, 785, 797

BN 7158, p. 785

BN 7170A, p. 282

BN 7197, p. 97

BN 7268 to 7271, p. 94

BN 7281, pp. 95, 97-8

BN 7282, p. 95

BN 7285, p. 95

BN 7286, pp. 94, 97

BN 7287, p. 723

BN 7293A, p. 96

BN 7295, p. 95

BN 7295A, pp. 95, 97

BN 7298, pp. 96, 486

BN 7316, p. 839

BN 7321, pp. 75, 77, 878

BN 7322, p. 95

BN 7324, p. 929

BN 7326, p. 839

BN 7327, p. 839

BN 7328, pp. 486, 839

BN 7329, pp. 95, 839

BN 7333, p. 642

BN 7334, p. 642

BN 7335, p. 715

BN 7336, pp. 221, 927

BN 7337, pp. 293, 695, 801, 848, 924, 926, 950-65

BN 7340, p. 823

BN 7344A, p. 799

BN 7349, pp. 280, 295, 500

BN 7377A, p. 929

BN 7377B, p. 75

BN 7378A, p. 95

BN 7400A, p. 799

BN 7405, p. 95

BN 7406, p. 98

BN 7408, p. 714

BN 7413, pp. 95, 486

BN 7414, p. 96

BN 7416, p. 486

BN 7416A, p. 94

BN 7416B, p. 96

BN 7420A, pp. 117, 266, 575

BN 7437, pp. 96, 184

BN 7438, pp. 326, 927

BN 7440, pp. 221, 486, 714-5

BN 7441 to 7443, p. 839

BN 7446, pp. 489, 501

BN 7453, pp. 86, 295

BN 7475, p. 524

BN 7486, pp. 115, 119, 123, 300-1

BN 7994, p. 101

BN 8299, p. 101

BN 8320, p. 101

BN 8454, p. 399

BN 8513, p. 101

BN 8654, p. 515

BN 8751C, p. 101

BN 8808A, p. 101

BN 9328, p. 529

BN 9335, p. 929

BN 9336, p. 282

BN 10271, pp. 182, 970

BN 10272, p. 823

BN 12321, p. 18

BN 13016, p. 823

BN 13017, p. 823

BN 13334, p. 9

BN 13951, p. 283

BN 14070, p. 308

BN 14700, p. 80

BN 14704, p. 91

BN 14717, p. 250

BN 14719, p. 250

BN 14951, p. 86

BN 15009, p. 101

BN 15025, p. 64

BN 15127, p. 227

BN 15171, p. 191

BN 15256, p. 9

BN 15690, p. 609

BN 16089, p. 918

BN 16096, pp. 607, 613

BN 16098, pp. 402, 428, 434-5

BN 16099, pp. 402, 408, 422, 434-5

BN 16142, p. 250

BN 16195, p. 607

BN 16204, pp. 390, 399

BN 16207, p. 64

BN 16208, p. 256

BN 16222, pp. 76, 530

BN 16246, p. 100

BN 16610, pp. 297, 300

BN 16633, p. 250

BN 16635, p. 530

BN 16648, p. 929

BN 16654, p. 310

BN 17155, p. 314

BN 17847, p. 848

BN 17870, p. 926

BN 17871, p. 823

Bodleian A-44, p. 101

Bodleian 67, pp. 219, 253, 257-8 268ff.

Bodleian 177, pp. 294, 747, 794

Bodleian 266, chap. li, pp. 664, 710

Bodleian 463, pp. 224, 690

Bodleian 464, p. 222

Bodleian 484, p. 923

Bodleian 550, p. 191

Bodleian 786, p. 97

Bodleian 3004, p. 294

Bodleian Auct. F. 1.9, p. 68

Bodleian Auct. F. 3.13, pp. 110, 123

Bologna (University Library) 135, pp. 747, 794

Bologna 138, p. 569

Bologna 139, p. 569

Bologna 270, pp. 570, 582

Bologna 389, p. 757

Bologna 449, p. 119

Bologna 474, p. 798

Bologna 693, p. 310

Bologna 963, p. 832

Bologna 1091, p. 757

Bologna 1158, pp. 575, 607, 613

Bourges 121, p. 18

Bourges 299, p. 776

Brussels (Library of Dukes of Burgundy) 936, p. 716

Brussels 1030, p. 716

Brussels 1462, p. 840

Brussels 1466, p. 716

Brussels 2471, pp. 606-7

Brussels 4274, p. 218

Brussels 4275, p. 218

Brussels 4567, p. 757

Brussels 5275, p. 747

Brussels 7500, p. 929

Brussels 8488, p. 776

Brussels 8554, p. 923

Brussels 10871, p. 919

Brussels 10872, p. 747

Brussels 11040, p. 263

Brussels 14746, p. 799

Cambrai 875, p. 101

Canon. Misc. 6, p. 742

Canon. Misc. 45, p. 930

Canon. Misc. 46, pp. 486, 833, 878, 914, 918-9, 923, 936

Canon. Misc. 190, pp. 878, 884, 895, 898, 901, 920, 927-8

Canon. Misc. 285, pp. 392, 400

Canon. Misc. 356, p. 397

Canon. Misc. 455, p. 923

Canon. Misc. 517, pp. 699, 716

Canon. Misc. 521, p. 803

Canon. Misc. 524, p. 796

Canon. Misc. 555, chap. li

Catania 87, p. 716

Cesena Plut. IV-n-4, p. 879

Chartres 90, p. 295

Chartres 284, p. 775

Chartres 293, p. 775

Clermont-Ferrand 171, p. 747

CLM 5, p. 918

CLM 8, p. 923

CLM 12, p. 752

CLM 13, p. 923

CLM 23, p. 101

CLM 27, p. 716

CLM 40, p. 489

CLM 51, p. 221

CLM 56, pp. 529, 601

CLM 59, p. 840

CLM 77, p. 922

CLM 184, p. 922

CLM 192, pp. 118, 836

CLM 196, pp. 118, 836

CLM 197, p. 785

CLM 206, p. 794

CLM 221, p. 716

CLM 240, pp. 118, 836

CLM 242, p. 118

CLM 257, p. 922

CLM 267, pp. 486, 716, 785

CLM 268, p. 282

CLM 276, pp. 118-9, 282

CLM 321, p. 516

CLM 326, p. 398

CLM 353, pp. 524, 567

CLM 363, p. 798

CLM 372, p. 772

CLM 381, p. 489

CLM 392, pp. 118ff., 925

CLM 398, pp. 118ff., 836

CLM 402, pp. 607, 609

CLM 405, pp. 233, 798

CLM 421, p. 118

CLM 436, pp. 118, 836

CLM 438, pp. 490, 516

CLM 444, pp. 748, 750, 794, 800

CLM 453, pp. 529, 747

CLM 456, p. 118

CLM 457, p. 494

CLM 458, p. 118

CLM 483, p. 118

CLM 489, pp. 118ff., 331, 836, 925

CLM 534, pp. 768, 794, 796

CLM 540A, p. 524

CLM 541, p. 118

CLM 547, p. 118

CLM 564, p. 64

CLM 588, pp. 118, 120, 486

CLM 615, p. 489

CLM 637, p. 918

CLM 647, p. 770

CLM 666, pp. 772, 798

CLM 671, p. 118

CLM 677, p. 118

CLM 905, pp. 118, 120

CLM 916, p. 575

CLM 2572, p. 13

CLM 2574B, p. 265

CLM 2594, p. 64

CLM 2595, pp. 60, 65

CLM 2619, p. 127

CLM 2655, pp. 64, 398

CLM 3206, p. 398

CLM 3520, p. 773

CLM 3754, pp. 607, 609

CLM 5594, p. 609

CLM 6908, pp. 376, 398

CLM 6942, pp. 607, 609

CLM 7770, p. 65

CLM 7806, p. 295

CLM 8001, p. 716

CLM 8439, p. 398

CLM 8484, p. 750

CLM 8742, p. 516

CLM 9528, p. 487

CLM 10268, pp. 307, 309

CLM 10544, p. 868

CLM 10597, p. 868

CLM 10663, p. 308

CLM 11481, p. 398

CLM 11998, p. 118ff.

CLM 12026, pp. 251, 569

CLM 13026, p. 773

CLM 13045, p. 752

CLM 13114, p. 752

CLM 13582, p. 398

CLM 14156, p. 64

CLM 14170, p. 750

CLM 14340, p. 398

CLM 14574, pp. 499, 750

CLM 14654, p. 750

CLM 14689, p. 64

CLM 14846, p. 606

CLM 15181, p. 526

CLM 15407, pp. 18, 65

CLM 16103, p. 65

CLM 16129, pp. 524, 567

CLM 17711, p. 926

CLM 18368, p. 18

CLM 18757, p. 487

CLM 18918, p. 65

CLM 19413, p. 281

CLM 19488, p. 12

CLM 19608, p. 522

CLM 19901, p. 772

CLM 21008, p. 398

CLM 21107, p. 750

CLM 22048, p. 920

CLM 22292, pp. 65, 809

CLM 22297, p. 750

CLM 22300, p. 750

CLM 23434, p. 101

CLM 23538, p. 524

CLM 23789, p. 750

CLM 23879, p. 398

CLM 24936, p. 926

CLM 24940, p. 118

CLM 25010, p. 252

CLM 25110, p. 252

CLM 25113, p. 252

CLM 26061, p. 118

CLM 26062, p. 118

CLM 27001, p. 609

CLM 27006, pp. 97, 398

CLM 27029, p. 522

CLM 27063, p. 800

Corpus Christi 45, p. 193

Corpus Christi 65, p. 757

Corpus Christi 95, pp. 65, 171

Corpus Christi 125, pp. 205, 207, 218, 221, 223, 308, 334-7, 529, 783, 796, 798, 809, 845

Corpus Christi 132, pp. 788, 809, 811

Corpus Christi 149, p. 268

Corpus Christi 190, p. 121

Corpus Christi 221, pp. 378, 397, 400

Corpus Christi 223, p. 9

Corpus Christi 224, p. 74

Corpus Christi 225, p. 606

Corpus Christi 226, p. 571

Corpus Christi 243, p. 501

Corpus Christi 263, pp. 171, 181

Corpus Christi 274, p. 397

Corpus Christi 277, p. 798

Corpus Christi 283, p. 69

Cortona 35, p. 13

Cotton Appendix VI, pp. 76, 82, 255-6, 485-6, 925

Cotton Cleopatra A, XIV, p. 101

Cotton Julius D, V, p. 799

Cotton Julius D, VII, p. 98

Cotton Julius D, VIII, pp. 267, 799

Cotton Tiberius A, III, p. 295

Cotton Titus D, IV, p. 41ff.

Cotton Titus D, XX, p. 101

Cotton Titus D, XXIV, p. 800

Cotton Titus D, XXVI, p. 295

Cotton Vespasian B, X, 79

CUL 186, p. 487

CUL 220, p. 570

CUL 1175, p. 567

CUL 1391, pp. 400, 487

CUL 1572, p. 96

CUL 1574, p. 17

CUL 1693, p. 185ff.

CUL 1705, p. 578

CUL 1707, p. 96

CUL 1711, p. 207

CUL 1767, p. 96

CUL 1823, p. 17

CUL 1824, p. 241

CUL 1935, p. 171

CUL 2022, pp. 83, 390, 453

CUL 2040, p. 17

CUL Dd-iv-35, p. 296

CUL Ii-vi-11, p. 70

CUL Ii-vi-34, p. 296

CU Clare 15, pp. 74, 75, 84

CU Corpus 243, p. 567

CU Emmanuel 70, pp. 836, 928

CU McLean 165, pp. 20, 92

CU Magdalene 27, pp. 86, 119ff., 237

CU St. John’s 99, p. 479

CU St. John’s 177, p. 786

CU Sidney Sussex 100, p. 17

CU Trinity 1058, pp. 376, 397

CU Trinity 1081, pp. 794, 804

CU Trinity 1082, p. 811

CU Trinity 1109, pp. 283, 804

CU Trinity 1119, p. 680

CU Trinity 1120 (III), p. 479

CU Trinity 1122, p. 95

CU Trinity 1144, p. 812

CU Trinity 1185, p. 717

CU Trinity 1214, p. 811

CU Trinity 1313, p. 221

CU Trinity 1335, p. 101

CU Trinity 1351, pp. 747, 788, 812

CU Trinity 1352, p. 112

CU Trinity 1368 (II), p. 101

CU Trinity 1404 (II), p. 114

CU Trinity 1404 (IV), pp. 117, 122, 280

CU Trinity 1406, p. 486

CU Trinity 1411, p. 501

CU Trinity 1418, p. 839

CU Trinity 1419, p. 281

CU Trinity 1446, p. 263

CU Trinity 1447, p. 120

CU Trinity 1473, p. 773

Digby 1, p. 65

Digby 28, p. 925

Digby 29, pp. 924-5

Digby 37, pp. 726, 729, 788, 791, 811

Digby 40, p. 181

Digby 46, pp. 111, 114ff.

Digby 48, p. 929

Digby 53, p. 110

Digby 67, pp. 221, 784, 786ff.

Digby 68, p. 22

Digby 69, p. 802

Digby 71, pp. 735, 779ff., 788, 799, 809, 811

Digby 74, p. 119

Digby 76, p. 642

Digby 77, p. 922

Digby 79, p. 400

Digby 81, pp. 715-6

Digby 85, pp. 867, 871

Digby 86, pp. 294, 802

Digby 103, p. 292

Digby 104, p. 64

Digby 107, p. 65

Digby 114, pp. 84, 390, 928

Digby 119, pp. 524, 798

Digby 134, p. 836

Digby 147, pp. 500, 726, 729, 747, 799

Digby 149, p. 184

Digby 153, pp. 726, 729, 747, 786, 788, 791, 811

Digby 158, pp. 240, 242ff.

Digby 159, pp. 85, 257

Digby 162, pp. 214, 218, 250

Digby 164, pp. 758, 796

Digby 190, p. 74

Digby 193, p. 400

Digby 194, p. 74

Digby 197, p. 757

Digby 219, pp. 782, 798

Digby 221, p. 191

Digby 228, pp. 223, 269, 698-9, 715

Digby 236, pp. 69, 601

Dijon 1045, pp. 83, 185ff.

Dijon anciens fonds 225, p. 17

Dôle 173 to 180, p. 398

Dover Priory 409, pp. 117, 445

Egerton 821, p. 606

Egerton 830, p. 65

Egerton 840A, p. 800

Egerton 847, p. 267

Egerton 935, p. 64

Egerton 1984, pp. 64, 252, 372, 378-84, 396-7

Egerton 2676, p. 268ff.

Egerton 2852, pp. 267, 500, 746, 788, 791, 811

E Musaeo 181, p. 185ff.

Escorial E-III-15, p. 308

Escorial F-I-11, p. 918

Escorial F-III-8, p. 307

Escorial H-III-2, p. 776

Escorial P-II-5, pp. 479, 803

Eton 161, Bl.6.16, p. 20

Evreux 72, p. 191

Florence II, iii, 22, p. 96

Florence II, iii, 24, pp. 96, 280

Florence II, iii, 214, pp. 223, 225, 810

Florence II, vi, 2, p. 65

Florence II, vi, 54, p. 800

Florence II, vi, 62, p. 515

Gonville and Caius 35, p. 397

Gonville and Caius 95, p. 76

Gonville and Caius 109, pp. 310, 316

Gonville and Caius 110, p. 95

Gonville and Caius 178, p. 845

Gonville and Caius 379, pp. 479, 498

Gonville and Caius 385, p. 191

Gonville and Caius 388, p. 479

Gonville and Caius 413, p. 812

Gonville and Caius 414, p. 397

Grenoble 246, p. 9

Grenoble 814, p. 256

Hanover 396, p. 824

Harleian 1, pp. 95, 301

Harleian 80, pp. 221, 223, 390

Harleian 181, p. 281

Harleian 218, p. 800

Harleian 536, p. 530

Harleian 671, p. 118

Harleian 1612, p. 221

Harleian 1725, p. 126

Harleian 1887, p. 501

Harleian 2258, pp. 501, 799

Harleian 2269, p. 486

Harleian 2404, pp. 120, 237

Harleian 3017, p. 294

Harleian 3487, p. 259

Harleian 3536, pp. 280-1

Harleian 3703, p. 253

Harleian 3731, p. 221

Harleian 3737, p. 193

Harleian 3747, p. 919

Harleian 3969, pp. 194, 267

Harleian 4025, p. 293

Harleian 4166, p. 118

Harleian 4870, p. 530

Harleian 5218, pp. 489-90, 494, 514

Hunterian V, 6, 18, p. 567

Jesus 35, pp. 9, 13

Jesus 94, p. 203

Laon 413, p. 88

Laud. Misc. 112, p. 191

Laud. Misc. 594, pp. 75, 186

Laud. Misc. 620, p. 95

Laud. Misc. 708, p. 252

Laurentianus II, 85, Plut. 30, c. 29, p. 85

Laurentianus Plut. 89, p. 89

Laurentianus p. lxxxix, sup. cod. 38, p. 310

Liège 77, p. 261

Lincoln 57, pp. 376, 397

Lips. un. 1466, p. 928

Magdalen 102, p. 757

Magdalen 174, p. 524

Magliabech. XI, 22, p. 95

Magliabech. XVI, 66, p. 95

Magliabech. XX, 13, pp. 119ff., 836

Magliabech. XX, 14, p. 840

Magliabech. XX, 20, chap. lxvi

Magliabech. XX, 21, chap. lxvi

Mazarine 717, p. 13

Mazarine 3458, pp. 249-50

Mazarine 3459, p. 250

Mazarine 3460, p. 250

Mazarine 3461, p. 250

Mazarine 3520, p. 922

Merton 160, p. 127

Merton 228, p. 773

Merton 254, p. 191

Merton 261, pp. 13, 81

Merton 285, p. 524

Merton 324, pp. 93, 803

Montpellier 277, pp. 234, 259, 261, 809

Montpellier École de Méd. 145, p. 65

Munich Hebrew 214, p. 778

Naples VIII-G-100, p. 515

Naples XII-G-78, p. 923

Nelli 243, p. 923

New College 144, p. 9

Nürnberg Centur. V. 59, p. 249

Oriel 7, pp. 171, 180

Orléans 290, p. 783

Palat. (Florence) 719, p. 723

Palat. 887, p. 797

Palat. 895, p. 952

Palat. lat. 311, p. 127

Palat. lat. 794, p. 803

Panciatichiani 117, p. 951

Paris, ancien fonds 7399, p. 310

Paris, fonds de Sorbonne, 1820, p. 310

Paris, fonds de Sorbonne 1825, p. 926

Paris Supplem. 91, p. 824

Paris Supplem. lat. 151, p. 926

Pembroke 227, p. 453

Perugia 316, p. 331

Perugia 683, p. 76

Perugia 1004, p. 94

Perugia 1227, p. 516

Peterhouse 33, p. 775

Peterhouse 79, p. 922

Peterhouse 86, p. 839

Peterhouse 101, pp. 773, 845, 938

Poppi 199, p. 951

Ravenna 356, p. 840

Rawlinson C-7, p. 811

Rawlinson C-328, p. 761

Rawlinson C-815, p. 799

Rawlinson D-251, p. 799

Rawlinson D-252, p. 800

Riccard. 119, pp. 219, 308, 570, 783

Riccard. 673, p. 951

Riccard. 1165, p. 252

Riccard. 1177, pp. 923, 936

Royal 7-D-II, p. 283

Royal 9-A-XIV, p. 64

Royal 12-B-III, pp. 491ff., 515

Royal 12-B-XXV, p. 746

Royal 12-C-12, pp. 114, 122

Royal 12-C-XVI, p. 118

Royal 12-C-XVIII, pp. 75, 221, 234, 718, 925, 928

Royal 12-D-XII, pp. 794, 796

Royal 12-E-XVII, pp. 372, 379, 384, 396-7

Royal 12-E-XXV, p. 98

Royal 12-F-VI, pp. 372, 379, 384, 389, 396-7

Royal 12-F-XVII, pp. 182, 186

Royal 13-A-VII, pp. 489, 499

Royal 13-A-XIV, p. 64

Royal 15-A-XXXII, p. 101

Royal 15-C-IV, p. 22

Royal 17-A-XLII, pp. 286, 289

St. Augustine’s 1175, p. 79

St. Augustine’s 1227, p. 752

St. Augustine’s 1229, p. 752

St. Augustine’s 1275, p. 810

St. Augustine’s 1482, p. 102

St. Augustine’s 1545, pp. 300, 719

St. Augustine’s 1604, p. 769

St. Augustine’s 1846, p. 768

Ste. Geneviève 2200, p. 64

Ste. Geneviève 2235, p. 515

Ste. Geneviève 2237, p. 515

St. John’s 85, pp. 754, 771

St. John’s 98, pp. 9, 13

St. John’s 99, p. 479

St. John’s 172, pp. 296, 300ff.

St. John’s 178, p. 65

St. John’s 188, p. 75

S. Marco VIII, 22, p. 322

S. Marco X, 55, p. 800

S. Marco X, 57, pp. 74, 250, 708

S. Marco XI, 71, p. 716

S. Marco XI, 102, p. 75

S. Marco XI, 104, pp. 75, 77

S. Marco XI, 105, p. 77

S. Marco XI, 110, p. 221

S. Marco XII, 65, p. 398

S. Marco XII, 84, p. 921

S. Marco XIII, 18, p. 524

S. Marco XIV, 6, p. 919

S. Marco XIV, 37, p. 232

S. Marco XIV, 38, p. 95

S. Marco XIV, 40, p. 723

S. Marco XIV, 42, p. 923

S. Marco XIV, 45, p, 763

S. Marco XIV, 50, p. 757

S. Marco XIV, 58, p. 760

S. Marco XVI, 1, pp. 782-3

S. Marco XVI, 3, p. 782

Sandaniele del Friuli 240, p. 925

Savignano di Romagna 44, p. 798

Savile 15, pp. 257, 839

Selden supra 72, p. 172

Selden supra 75, p. 397

Selden supra 76 (Bernard 3464), pp. 184ff., 400

Selden supra 77, p. 172

Selden supra 79, p. 172

Sloane 73, p. 233

Sloane 75, p. 233

Sloane 121, p. 792

Sloane 282, p. 514

Sloane 284, pp. 491-2, 514

Sloane 310, p. 119

Sloane 312, pp. 928, 930

Sloane 313, pp. 281, 286

Sloane 314, pp. 94, 120, 237, 800

Sloane 323, pp. 570, 786

Sloane 342, pp. 726-7, 729, 746, 800

Sloane 351, pp. 726-7, 746

Sloane 405, p. 397

Sloane 475, p. 294

Sloane 477, pp. 491ff., 514

Sloane 483, p. 806

Sloane 521, pp. 491-2, 514

Sloane 568, p. 501

Sloane 636, p. 924

Sloane 733, p. 806

Sloane 744, p. 806

Sloane 780, p. 924

Sloane 887, p. 118

Sloane 964, p. 768

Sloane 976, p. 96

Sloane 1069, p. 96

Sloane 1118, p. 354

Sloane 1214, pp. 489, 498

Sloane 1220, p. 806

Sloane 1255, p. 806

Sloane 1289, p. 806

Sloane 1292, p. 806

Sloane 1305, pp. 822-3

Sloane 1307, p. 281

Sloane 1309, p. 823

Sloane 1317, p. 806

Sloane 1367, p. 806

Sloane 1437, p. 118

Sloane 1501, p. 806

Sloane 1512, p. 806

Sloane 1698, pp. 218, 800

Sloane 1712, p. 282

Sloane 1731A, p. 807

Sloane 1754, pp. 233, 514, 768, 794-798

Sloane 1933, p. 772

Sloane 2030, pp. 249, 266ff., 391

Sloane 2039, p. 807

Sloane 2046, p. 807

Sloane 2135, p. 219

Sloane 2156, pp. 613, 655, 970

Sloane 2186, p. 118

Sloane 2268, pp. 489, 498-500

Sloane 2320, p. 746

Sloane 2327, p. 219

Sloane 2424, p. 65

Sloane 2428, p. 397

Sloane 2459, p. 261

Sloane 2461, p. 79

Sloane 2472, pp. 118, 122

Sloane 2477, p. 101

Sloane 2479, pp. 491ff., 514

Sloane 2579, p. 811

Sloane 2818, p. 807

Sloane 2946, p. 78

Sloane 3008, p. 282

Sloane 3092, p. 233

Sloane 3124, p. 923

Sloane 3171, p. 925

Sloane 3281, pp. 118, 267, 294, 296, 486, 726-9, 746

Sloane 3282, p. 925

Sloane 3328, p. 807

Sloane 3468, p. 447

Sloane 3487, p. 120

Sloane 3545, p. 746

Sloane 3554, pp. 114ff., 122

Sloane 3564, p. 746

Sloane 3584, p. 267

Sloane 3655, p. 807

Sloane 3679, pp. 794, 823

Sloane 3697, p. 215

Sloane 3824, p. 807

Sloane 3825, p. 281

Sloane 3826, pp. 234, 281

Sloane 3846, p. 281, 807

Sloane 3847, pp. 221, 280-1, 391, 808

Sloane 3848, p. 234

Sloane, 3849, pp. 282, 808

Sloane 3850, pp. 280, 926

Sloane 3851, pp. 280, 808

Sloane 3853, pp. 280-1, 808

Sloane 3854, pp. 260, 281, 286, 289

Sloane 3857, p. 114ff.

Sloane 3883, pp. 224ff., 281

Sloane 3885, p. 281

Speciale 44, p. 334

Tanner 116, pp. 268, 633

Tours 300, p. 101

Trivulz. 657, p. 515

Troyes 1342, p. 65

Turin F-V-25, p. 515

Turin H-II-16, pp. 881, 923, 936

University College 6, p. 64

Vatican Lat. 344, p. 101

Vatican Lat. 370, p. 101

Vatican Lat. 2392, pp. 88, 758

Vatican Lat. 3824, p. 842

Vatican Lat. 4087, p. 308

Vatican Lat. 4094, p. 292

Vatican Lat. 5356, p. 925

Vatican Palat. Lat. 330, p. 294

Vatican Palat. Lat. 841, p. 13

Vatican Palat. Lat. 1377, pp. 921, 928

Vatican Palat. Lat. 1417, p. 322

Vatican Urb. Lat. 237, p. 757

Vatican Urb. Lat. 239, p. 757

Vatican Urb. Lat. 262, p. 119

Vatican Reg. Suev. 505, p. 824

Vatican Reg. Suev. 1159, p. 331

Vatican Reg. Suev. 1440, p. 101

Vatican Reg. Suev. 2014, p. 926

Vendôme 156, p. 17

Vendôme 189, p. 65

Vendôme 233, p. 757

Vendôme 243, p. 923

Vienna 526, p. 101

Vienna 550, p. 119

Vienna 2155, p. 606

Vienna 2294, p. 919

Vienna 2296, p. 775

Vienna 2301, p. 261

Vienna 2306, pp. 774, 776

Vienna 2322, p. 757

Vienna 2357, p. 398

Vienna 2358, p. 923

Vienna 2359, pp. 829, 839

Vienna 2364, p. 752

Vienna 2376, p. 64

Vienna 2387, p. 752

Vienna 2395, p. 776

Vienna 2436, p. 84

Vienna 2448, p. 575

Vienna 2466, pp. 219, 750

Vienna 2507, p. 84

Vienna 2520, p. 97

Vienna 3124, pp. 221, 234, 282, 308, 836, 840

Vienna 3276, p. 840

Vienna 3287, p. 750

Vienna 3317, p. 822

Vienna 4146, p. 928

Vienna 4751, pp. 501, 923

Vienna 5207, pp. 485, 800

Vienna 5221, p. 293

Vienna 5230, p. 798

Vienna 5275, p. 924

Vienna 5289, pp. 919, 923

Vienna 5292, pp. 65, 529

Vienna 5307, pp. 222, 918

Vienna 5309, p. 529

Vienna 5311, pp. 76, 221, 486

Vienna 5315, pp. 750, 798

Vienna 5327, p. 86

Vienna 5336, pp. 774, 799

Vienna 5371, p. 398

Vienna 5398, p. 923

Vienna 5435, p. 776

Vienna 5438, p. 837

Vienna 5442, p. 75

Vienna 5492, p. 803

Vienna 5498, pp. 921, 924

Vienna 5500, p. 750

Vienna 5504, p. 776

Vienna 5508, pp. 86, 120, 714

Vienna 5523, p. 836

Vienna 11267, p. 228

Vienna 11294, p. 926

Vitry-le-François 19, p. 13

Vitry-le-François 23, p. 17

Vitry-le-François 63, p. 18

Volterra 1, p. 923

Volterra 19, p. 250

Wolfenbüttel 479, pp. 752, 771

Wolfenbüttel 676, p. 570

Wolfenbüttel 698, p. 750

Wolfenbüttel 1014, pp. 229, 776

Wolfenbüttel 1053, p. 125

Wolfenbüttel 2156, pp. 773, 776

Wolfenbüttel 2189, pp. 656, 803

Wolfenbüttel 2503, pp. 656, 803

Wolfenbüttel 2637, p. 832

Wolfenbüttel 2650, p. 747

Wolfenbüttel 2659, p. 738

Wolfenbüttel 2725, p. 120

Wolfenbüttel 2734, p. 840

Wolfenbüttel 2794, p. 490

Wolfenbüttel 2816, pp. 668, 928-9

Wolfenbüttel 2841, pp. 219, 222, 776

Wolfenbüttel 2917, p. 292

Wolfenbüttel 3050, p. 516

Wolfenbüttel 3175, p. 752

Wolfenbüttel 3338, p. 228

Wolfenbüttel 3489, pp. 768, 803

Wolfenbüttel 3591, p. 129

Wolfenbüttel 3713, p. 723

Wolfenbüttel 4499, pp. 376, 398

Wolfenbüttel 4504, p. 516

Wolfenbüttel 4610, p. 65

Worcester cathedral MS, p. 72

Transcriber’s Notes

A number of typographical errors were corrected silently.

Cover image is in the public domain.

Anchor for footnote 2179 was not found in original text. It’s location in this transcription is approximate and believed to be accurate within two sentences.

Original text of footnote 326 on page 119 was “See note 5.” Text was changed to “See note 324.” so it would be correctly referenced.