XVI.
VICEROY VILLAR’S PETITION FOR ABSOLUTION.
(Archivo nacional de Lima, Protocolo 228, Exp^{te} 5287[853]).
(See p. 379).
En la ciudad de los Reyes à 14 de Octubre de 1589 ante el Ynquisidor Lisenciado Antº Gutierrez de Ulloa, estando en su audiencia de la mañana se presentò y leyò esta peticion.
El Virrey de este Reyno del Peru, D. Fernando de Torres y Portugal Conde del Villar, digo: que à mi noticia es venido que en este Santo Oficio se ha declarado por V. Sª que yo incurrì en ciertas Censuras de Excomunion por haber procedido criminalmente contra el Dr. Diego de Salinas y otras causas, y aunque à lo que puedo entender he tenido siempre seguridad y quietud de mi conciencia de no haber incurrido en ellas por no haber sido de mi intencion en ninguna de las causas que se han ofrecido hacer cosas por donde yo entendiese caia en la tal excomunion, creyendo que para proceder en los negocios y cosas sucedidas me competia derecho por razon de mi oficio y cargo y otras consideraciones. Pero entendido ahora que por V. Sª se ha declarado haber incurrido en la dicha excomunion, acudo à este Santo Oficio como obediente hijo de nuestra Santa Madre Iglesia para que V. Sª me de la absolucion, la cual pido y suplico se me conceda por aquella via y forma que hubiere lugar de derecho y mas y mejor convenga à la seguridad de mi conciencia que es justo yo tenga en todo tiempo, en especial habiendome de embarcar para España como con lisencia y por mandado del Rey nuestro Señor estoy para lo hacer con mucha brevedad.--El Virrey Conde del Villar.
* * * * *
En la Ciudad de los Reyes à 14 de Octubre de 1589 los Inquisidores Dr. Juan Ruiz de Prado y Lisenciado Antonio Gutierrez de Ulloa estando en su Audiencia de la tarde, habiendo visto esta dicha peticion dijeron que per cuanto por su parte de los dichos Ynquisidores se habia advertido diversas veces, asi por terceras personas como por escrito à su Sª del dicho S^{r} Virrey Conde del Villar que por las cosas que habia hecho contra el Santo Oficio y sus Ministros habia incurrido en las Censuras contenidas en el motupropio de nuestro muy Santo Padre Pio quinto y estaba excomulgado, y que el haber incurrido en ellas y en otras es tan claro que aunque no se hubiera advertido, estaba obligado à lo entender asi, porque todos entienden que incurren en ellas las personas que ponen impedimento directo ò indirecto al ejercicio del Santo Oficio de la Ynquisicion y su Libertad, y tratan mal con obras ò palabras de los Ynquisidores ù otros ministros de ella, en derogacion de su reputacion y autoridad, sin que en esto escuse ni pueda escusar la intencion por buena que sea, porque clara cosa es que no se atiende para incurrir en las Censuras sino solo à los hechos ò dichos esteriores, porque la Yglesia no juzga de las cosas asi ocultas, y habiendo sido las que el dicho S^{r} Visorrey ha hecho tan manifiestamente en perjuicio de la Ynquisicion y su libertad y autoridad en grande agravio y ofenza de las personas del Santo Oficio, como se ha visto en muchos casos, que por ser tan notorios no se refieren, las cuales cosas antes de la absolucion requieren satisfaccion condigna, especialmente lo que toca al notorio agravio que al dicho D^{r} Dionicio de Salinas Abogado de este Santo Oficio hizo su Señoria, en el tormento que le diò, pidiendo como el dicho D^{r} Salinas lo tiene pedido asi en este Santo Oficio.--Atento à lo cual los dichos Señores Ynquisidores amonestan à su Señoria del dicho S^{r} Visorrey que para que la absolucion por su Señoria pedida se le pueda dar y conseguirse el fruto de ella, ante todas cosas satisfaga en cuanto en si fuere al dicho D^{r} Salinas en la forma que mejor se pudiere, atendiendo en todo à la autoridad de su oficio, à la cual no se pretende derogar, sino hacerse lo que los dichos Ynquisidores estan obligados de derecho por aver como hay parte lesa que insta. Porque à lo que toca à la injuria y ofensa hecha al Santo Oficio, lo remiten (segun que lo tienen remitido) al Yll^{mo} S^{r} Cardenal Ynquisidor General y Señores del Consejo de la Santa general Ynquisicion, con todas las demas causas à esto tocantes, y que por ser cosa llana que el dicho S^{r} Viso Rey estando incurso en las dichas censuras por las dichas razones, y constar à los dichos Ynquisidores que habiendo sido advertido su Señoria no hacia diligencia alguna para salir de ellas, y que estaba à punto de embarcarse para España (viage tan peligroso como se sabe, especialmente en personas de edad) de nuevo se le enviò à advertir de palabra; y como todavia no hacia diligencia alguna, estandose siempre en las dichas Censuras, porque no fuese ligado en ellas, pareciò à los dichos Ynquisidores, movidos con celo de caridad para obligar à su Señoria à la seguridad de su conciencia, y que entendiese el peligro y riesgo de ella, declarar como declararon (como Ministros del derecho à quien competia el hacerlo) el haber su Señoria incurrido en las dichas Censuras; y acatando el respeto que se debe à su persona y oficio, se hizo la dicha declaracion en la sala de la Audiencia del Santo Oficio sin otros testigos mas que el presente Secretario, y de ello se diò noticia à su Señoria para el dicho efecto. En razon de lo cual como parece por la dicha peticion, pide su Señoria el beneficio de la absolucion en este Santo Oficio, la cual los dichos Señores Ynquisidores estan prestos de le dar en la forma que pueden y deben, conforme à derecho, haciendo su Señoria del S^{r} Virrey de su parte lo que esta obligado, conforme à lo dicho, sin que por esto pretendan obligar al dicho S^{r} Viso Rey à cumplir con las demas solemnidades que el derecho requiere en semejantes casos, atendiendo à la calidad de su persona y oficio como esta dicho; y asi lo proveyeron y firmaron.--El D^{r} Juan Ruiz de Prado.--El Lisenciado Antonio Gutierrez de Ulloa.--Antemi, Geronimo de Eugui Secretario.
INDEX.
Abuses of Inq. of Sicily, 10, 13, 18, 19, 21, 30, 37, 41, 518 of Sardinia, 117 of Mexico, 251, 254 of Peru, 335, 356, 375, 387, 435 of New Granada, 473, 479, 487, 498
Accounts, statements of, refused by Inq. of Mexico, 216 by Inq. of Peru, 342 by Inq. of New Granada, 501
Acereta, Lorenza, case of, 461
Acqui, Bp. of, as inqr., 131
Acquittal, honors rendered in, 430, 437
Adrian, Card., endeavors to reform the Inq., 18
Agliata, Marino, case of, 34
Aguirre, Fermin de, case of, 396
Aguirre, Francisco de, case of, 322
Aillon, Nicolás de, a mystic, 405
Alaman, Lucas, prosecution of, 274
Alba, Viceroy, of Sicily, 29, 33
Alba, Viceroy, of Naples, 95
Albonesi, Tullio, his report as to Milan, 127, 129
Alburquerque, Duke of, on papal jurisdiction, 135
_Alcavala_, inqrs. subjected to, 215
Aldegato, Ambrosio, inqr. of Mantua, 133
Alguazils, number of, in Mexico, 252, 267 sale of office of, 349
Alguazil mayor, office of, refused, 188
Alguazils, royal, arrest of, 252
Alcalá, Viceroy of Naples, 80 claims confiscations, 84 his instructions to Reggio, 89 insists on exequatur, 90
Alexander VI, his bull of 1493, 191
Alienations of real estate, 14
Almendáriz, Bp. of Cuba, 475
Almoguera, Abp., his Instructions, 445
Alonso, Bartolomé, case of, 184
Altolaguirre, Felipe de, 367
Alva de Aliste, Viceroy, on confiscations, 219 warned to favor Inq., 374 complains of Inq., 381
Alvarez de Arellano, case of, 229
Alvarez, Duarte, case of, 155
Alvarez, Sebastian, burnt, 236
Amat y Yunient, Viceroy, complains of Inq., 381
America, New Christians forbidden access to, 193
Amusquíbar, Inqr., his alliance with Ilarduy, 35 denounces his colleagues, 366, 410, 435 disputes royal cédula, 388 quarrels with Abp. Barroeta, 389 his treatment of François Moyen, 442, 443 is sole inqr., 571
Angelo da Cremona, inqr. of Milan, 124
Aniello, Tommaso, 73
_Animali parlanti, gli_, suppressed, 472
Antilles under Lima tribunal, 455 under Cartagena tribunal, 457
Antioquia, sorcery in, 463
Antona, Franc. Ant., case of, 470
Apostasy, light penalty for, 439
Appeals only to Inq.-general, 21 in the colonies, 203
Appointment, power of, in Peru, 330
Apulia, Waldenses of, 85, 524
Archives of Canary tribunal, 190 of Mexican Tribunal, 288, 298 of Philippine Tribunal, 317 of Lima Tribunal, 320
Arcimboldo, Abp., his Edict of Faith, 123
Arechederra, Philippine Commissioner, 305, 306, 317
Arianza, Juan de, case of, 392
Armas, Joseph de, fiscal of Canaries, 150
Arenaza, visitador, 367 his trading enterprise, 368, 369 his troubles, 369 his return and death, 371 his services in earthquake, 372 on the trials of Quietists, 410
Arms, licences to bear, 13 privilege restricted, 32, 42
Army, foreigners in, 271
Arpide, Ant. de, his career, 375
Arrests in Naples require royal exequatur, 56 power of commissioners, 302, 303
Assassination excepted from fuero, 30
_Assistenti_ of Inq., 132
Asti, Bp. of, as inqr., 131
Asylum, right of, claimed, 11, 254, 386
Atienza, Gomez de, 493
Atrato, navigation of river, 513
Atto di fede, in Palermo, 1724, 30 in Naples, 1746, 104
Audience-chamber in Lima, 447
Audiencia, quarrels with Inq., 187, 269, 384, 396
Auto de fe, Mexican, of 1574, 205 of 1646-1649, 229 of 1659, 234 of 1573 in Lima, 328 of 1639, 425, 430 of 1694, 405 of 1736, 366, 410, 435
Aventrot, Jan, case of, 150
Ayacucho, battle of, 511
_Ayuda de costa_ in Peru, 343
Azólares, Bp. of Canaries, 147, 162
Badajoz, Concordia of, 28
Badaran, inqr., his quarrel with bp., 185
Banishment as punishment, 439
Bank of Lima, failure of, 428
Bankruptcies, frauds in, 41
Baños, Bp. of Santa Marta, 492
Banqueresme, Jacob, case of, 170
Baptism, cost of, in Sicily, 4
Barco de Centinera, his excesses, 336
Barnaba Capograsso, inqr. of Naples, 55, 64
Barroeta, Abp., his quarrels with Amusquíbar, 389
_Beatas revelanderas_ in Canaries, 162 in Mexico, 235 in Peru, 396
Bedstead, censorship of, 266
Bello, Juan, his prosecution, 358
Belorado, Abp., appointed inqr. of Sicily, 6 excommunicates magistrates, 8 appointed inqr. of Naples, 54
Benavente, Francisco de, 336
Benavides, Bp. of Cartagena, 491, 493 he goes to Rome, 497
Benedict XIV seeks to restore the Inq. in Naples, 107
Benevento, Jews of, persecuted, 53
Benjamin of Tudela on Neapolitan Jews, 49
Bernal, Alonso, inqr. of Sicily, 9
Bestiality, 244
Betanzos, Domingo de, inqr., 196
Bethencourt, Jean de, conquers Canaries, 139
Bibles, Spanish, sent to colonies, 267
Bigamy, frequency of, 206, 391 powers of commissioner in, 302
Bishops, their quarrels with Inq., in Sicily, 35 in Sardinia, 117 in Mexico, 257 in Peru, 325 in New Granada, 473, 491 their treatment by Inq., 182 appointment of, for New World, 192 their inquisitorial powers, 196 their jurisdiction over Indians, 210 their rapacity, 514 (_See_ also Inquisition, Episcopal).
Blasphemy in Peru, 391 in New Granada, 465
Bohorques, Bp. of Oaxarca, 257
Bonelli, Giacomo, burnt, 80
Bonol, insurrection in, 307
Books, heretical, burnt in Naples, 70 lists of, required in Mexico, 204 prohibited, sale of, 265 importation of, in Peru, 444, 446
Borbujo y Riba, inqr. of Canaries, 189, 190
Borromeo, Giulio Cesare, 124
Borromeo, San Carlo, his persecuting zeal, 124, 130, 132, 135, 532 as inqr. of Milan, 131 his mission to Mantua, 133
Bovino, Bp. of, and Apulian Waldenses, 85
Bowes, Ellen, case of, 106
_Brasero_ in Mexico, 206
Brazil, influx of Portuguese from, 421
Brescia, Bp. of, as inqr., 131
Bribery of inqrs., 20, 487 of Suprema, 367
_Brujas_, 167, 463
Bruñon de Vertiz, case of, 239
Bucchianico, Marquis of, 81, 82, 83
Buenos Ayres, bishopric erected, 337 tribunal proposed, 339, 341 solicitation in, 395 influx of Portuguese, 421
Bugueiro, Abp. of Mexico, 257
Buil, Fray, as missionary, 191
Burnings in Canaries, 154
Bustamente, Andrés de, inqr. of Peru, 327
Cabezas, Juan, Bp. of Cuba, 458
Cáceres, Felipe de, case of, 324
Calabria, New Christians of, 52, 53 persecution of Waldenses, 79
Calderon, inqr., his peculations, 351 his property seized, 353
his scandals, 366 his arrest, 368 his release, 370 end of his trial, 372 condemns Quietists, 410
Calificadores in Mexico, 264 prosecuted in Peru, 393
Calleja, Viceroy, suppresses Mexican Inq., 288 invades its jurisdiction, 291 executes Morelos, 297
Calvete, Tristan, inqr. of Sicily, 17, 18
Camara, Juan de la, case of, 259, 538
Camera reginale, districts of, 7, 8
Camera di Santa Chiara, 105
Campagna, Perrucio, burnt, 24
Campanella, Tommaso, case of, 93
Campeggio, Camillo, inqr. of Mantua, 133
Campos, Ant. de, case of, 392
Canaries, their conquest, 139 (_See_ Inquisition of Canaries).
Candioti, Teodoro, case of, 434
Cañete, Viceroy, complains of Inq., 380
Canonries for colonial tribunals, 216, 346, 501 their value, 217, 506
Cantons, Catholic, relations with Milan, 129
Capasso, Niccolò, his report, 102
Caraccioli, Viceroy, on suppression of Inq., 44
Carafa, Abp., persecutes heretics, 87
Card tricks suspect of sorcery, 166
Cardenas, Bp. of Asuncion, 258
Cardona, Gabriel, inqr. of Sardinia, 109, 110, 111
Cardona, Ramon de, Viceroy of Naples, 58, 59
Cargoes, seizure of, 156, 169
Carlos II expels Inq. from Naples, 100 on colonial subventions, 220
Carlos III controls the Inq. of Sicily, 42 recovers Naples, 104 suppresses its Inq., 107 limits the _fuero_, 269, 388 on pseudo-Catholic recruits, 271 limits censorship, 445 rebuilds Inq. of Cartagena, 468
Carmona, Jamariz, case of, 248
Carranza, Angela, case of, 400
Cartagena selected as seat of tribunal, 457 bombarded in 1741, 468 Jews allowed in, 469 intellectual torpor, 470 no clock there in 1648, 485 its decline, 499 expenditures on, 503 revolutionary junta in 1810, 506 tribunal expelled in 1812, 507
Cartagena, siege of 1815, 509 recapture by revolutionists in 1821, 510 its commerce in 1772, 513 (_See_ Inq. of New Granada).
Carvajal, Luis de, case of, 208
_Casa de la misericordia_, 438
Casannova, Angelo, kidnaps Cellaria, 134
Castaldo, Ant., on tumult of 1547, 77
Castañeto, Governor, his fate, 81
Castel Fuerte, Viceroy, 270, 386
Casti, his _Animali parlanti_, 472
Castillo, Santiago del, case of, 429
Castro, Ana de, case of, 435
Castro, Ant. de, inqr. of Lima, 364
Catalina de San Mateo, a _beata_, 162
Catholicism, pretended, risk of, 175
Cattle-brands, censorship of, 266
Cavendish, Thomas, his expedition, 415
Ceballos y la Cerda, Governor of Cartagena, 496 his humiliation, 498
Cellarìa, Francisco, burnt in Rome, 134
Censorship in Naples, 84 early, in Milan, 123 in Canaries, 176 in Mexico, 204, 264, 274 in Peru, 444 by the State, 445 in New Granada, 470, 510
Cerezuela, inqr. of Lima, 319, 327 suspends cases in Cuzco, 322 on Indians and foreigners, 332
Ceruti, canon, tried for heresy, 133
Cervantes, Gaspar, proposed as inqr. for Milan, 125, 128
Cervantes, Juan de, his chaplaincy, 151
Cervantes, Pascual de, inqr. of Mexico, 201
Cervera, Melchor, inqr. of Sicily, 14, 15, 17 his conscientious bequest, 20, 523 unable to hang sanbenitos, 24
Cevallos, Gutiérrez de, inqr. of Lima, 365, 366
Chapter of Canaries, quarrels with Inq., 183, 186, 187
Charles VIII (France) baptizes Neapolitan Jews, 50
Charles V (Emp.) orders Sicilian Inq. restored, 16 insists on the _fuero_, 20, 22 suspends the _fuero_, 22 restores the _fuero_, 24 refuses redress of grievances, 26 gives Malta to Knights of St. John, 45 orders Inq. introduced in Naples, 70 orders Naples to submit, 76 expels Jews from Naples, 66 his edict against Lutherans, 69
his good-nature, 177 appoints friars as bishops, 193 permits New Christians to go to America, 194 exempts Indians from Inq., 210
Charles VI controls Inq. of Sicily, 40 limits the _fuero_, 41 orders episcopal Inq., 102 refuses entrance to Roman Inq., 103
Cheevers, Sarah, in Maltese Inq., 47
Chickens, throat-cutting of, 304
Children, exemption from confiscation, 21 of heretics seized, 106, 136
China, episcopal Inq. in, 317
Chinchon, Viceroy, issues licences to leave Peru, 333 on subdivision of district, 340
Chitterlings, privilege of, 255
Christ, image of, in audience-chamber, 447
Church, its development in Mexico, 193
Churches, sanbenitos in, 24, 188
Cid, Garcí, receiver of Sicily, 12, 15
Cid, Nicholas, case of, 135
Citations to Rome, 89
Claims against sequestrations, 428
Clavijo, Lope, Comr. of Santa Fe, 454
Claysen, Gaspar, case of, 154
Clement VII restricts travel in heretic lands, 137
Clement XII appoints Inq.-genl. of Sicily, 43
Clergy, character of, in colonies, 192, 514, 515 of Peru complain of inqrs., 335, 356
Clerics, jurisdiction over, 35
Coca, use of, in sorcery, 391
Colombia, U. S. of, abolish Inq., 510
Colonial system, Spanish, 513
Commerce of the Colonies in hands of Conversos, 229, 425 affected by persecution, 234, 428, 512
Commissioner of Roman Inq. in Naples, 92, 94, 96, 98, 99, 100
Commissioners, quarrels over troubles caused by, in Sicily, 35, 522 troubles caused by, in Mexico, 248, 252, 254 their limited functions, 301 their duties in Peru, 334 their tyranny, 335, 339 of New Granada, 454
Commissions on confiscations, 19, 521
Communications in prison, 427, 430
Como, heretical infection in, 122
_Competencias_, 29 suppressed by Carlos III, 43, 269 in Canaries, 181 in Mexico, 252, 267
Complaints of Palermo, 16 of Sicilian Parliament, 13, 21, 22, 26 of Neapolitans, 95, 99, 102, 104, 107 of Viceroys, 255, 355, 379, 380 of Council of Indies, 220, 256, 314, 345, 476, 478, 481, 484, 488, 503, 512 of the clergy of Peru, 335, 356 of governors of Cartagena, 473, 498 of the Regular Orders, 474 of the city of Cartagena, 480 of the Junta de Guerra, 484
_Complicidad grande_ of Peru, 426
Composition of Seville, 193
Concealment of resources, 216, 345, 501
Concordias, Sicilian, 28, 31, 37 seven in Sardinia, 119 of 1553 extended to Indies, 197, 247,330 of 1610, for Indies, 251 of 1633, 218, 254, 267
Confession, deprivation of, for solicitation, 393, 394
Confiscations commence in Sicily, 7 profits of, 12 of contracts, 13, 21 disorders in, 19, 521 division of, 53, 134 abolished and restored in Naples, 79, 99 of Waldenses, 84 as practised in Naples, 85 in Sardinia, 112 regulate salaries, 114, 528 in Canaries, 156 in Mexico, 213, 216, 219, 223, 232 in Peru, 343, 347, 429 in New Granada, 467, 501 of heretic prisoners of war, 418 entailed by reconciliation, 421 influence of, 512
Conflicts of jurisdiction in Sicily, 25, 29, 31, 34, 37 in Malta, 46 in Sardinia, 110, 117, 118, 119 in Milan, 125 in Canaries, 180 in Mexico, 245, 267 in Philippines, 308 in Peru, 381 in New Granada, 473
Constitution, Mexican, condemned, 291, 294
_Consulta de fe_, in colonies, 203
_Consulta magna_ on Sicilian Inq., 38
Contracts, confiscation of, 13, 21
Conversos, Jewish, in Sicily, 4 forbidden to leave Sicily, 7, 26 expelled from Naples, 62, 64 forbidden to leave Canaries, 142 not allowed in the Colonies, 193, 419
Conversos control commerce of Colonies, 229, 425
Copernican system in New Granada, 471
Coquimbo, Dutch captured at, 418
Corcuera, Governor of Philippines, 309
Cordero, Antonio, case of, 426
Cornelius, William, case of, 205, 206, 207
Corral, Andrés, case of, 394
Corro Carrascal, inqr. of Cartagena, 488, 489
Cortájar, inqr. of Cartagena, 478, 479, 486
Cortés, Hern., asks for friars, 192
Cosenza, burnings at, 83
Creditors, claims of, allowed, 14, 21
Crime, immunity for, 28 abrogated, 388
Crimes excepted from _fuero_, 31
Crockery subjected to censorship, 178
Croix, Marquis de, story of, 270
Crosses prohibited on profane objects, 265
Cruz, Bart. de la, case of, 394
Cruz, Fran. de la, case of, 396
Cruzada, the Santa, its jurisdiction, 385
Cuadros, Fran. Manuel de, case of, 241
Cuba, early bps. of, 195 under Cartagena tribunal, 457 Bp. of, on commissioners, 249
Cubelles, Bp. of Malta, his Inq., 45
Cueva, Claudio de la, his visitation, 150
Curses for not denouncing heretics, 534
Cuzco, episcopal Inq. in, 321, 322 earthquake of 1784, 354
Dagohoy, Francisco, his revolt, 308
Dealing with heretics raises suspicion, 130, 137
Debt, arbitrary collection of, 255
Debts, Inq. used to collect, 91, 362
Decadence of Inq. of Sicily, 42 of Naples, 104 of Sardinia, 119 of Milan, 137 of Canaries, 188 of Mexico, 270 of Lima, 447 of Cartagena, 499
Defence disregarded, 230
Delation, training in, 160
Delays in trials, 237, 239, 410, 433, 443 to be avoided, 519
Delgado, Rodríguez, inqr. of Lima, 352, 371
Demon, pact with, 166
Denunciations in Canaries, 142, 143, 147, 160 caused by Edict of Faith, 227 duty of, 202, 423
Denunciations, curses for neglecting, 534
Deputati of Naples, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 107
_Derechos del Hombre_ suppressed, 471
Deserters, military, in Philippines, 303
Deza, Abp. of Indies, 192
Díaz, Diego, burnt, 235
_Discordia_, in the colonies, 203
Discords, intestine, in Cartagena, 485, 488
Divination with sticks, 473
Domicile, inviolability of, 11, 254
Dominicans, slain in Mantua, 133 missionaries to Indies, 192 refute Copernicus, 471
Doria, Andrea, bombards Naples, 75
Dowries not to be confiscated, 14, 21
Drake, John, in Peru, 357, 415
Dutch, the, their attempt on Valdivia, 418
Duties, evasion of, in Sicily, 12, 517
Duzzina, Pietro, inqr. of Malta, 46
Earthquake of 1746, in Lima, 353, 370
Echarri, Secretary of Cartagena, 490, 499
Edict of Faith in Sicily, 7 in Naples, 1695, 101 in Milan, 123 in Lombardy, 135 in Canaries, 142 in Mexico, 203, 204, 227, 290 in the Philippines, 305 in Peru, 328, 331 episcopal in Mexico, 211 against occult arts, 391
Edict of Grace in Sicily, 7
Edon, Adam, case of, 466
Effigies, burning of, 144, 149, 152, 155
Eguiluz, Paula de, case of, 464, 465
Elections, interference with forbidden, 254
Embezzlement in Lima tribunal, 340, 351 in Cartagena tribunal, 487
_Embusteras_ in Mexico, 235 in Peru, 400
Emigration of conversos forbidden in Sicily, 7, 26
Encarnacion, María Josepha de la, 486
England, its treaty of 1604, 171
English factory in Sicily, its complaints, 41 prisoners of war in Peru, 357, 414
Englishmen, treatment of, in Canaries, 153, 167, 172 subject to censorship, 177 in Mexican Inq., 205, 207 changed treatment of, 448
Enmity, gratification of, 161
Episcopal jurisdiction restored in Sicily, 43
Episcopal Inq. _See_ Inq., episcopal.
Episcopate, inqrs. promoted to, 201
Erasmus on external observance, 69
Escalante, inqr. of Cartagena, 500
Esparza de Pantolosa, case of, 50
Espinal, Alonso de, a missionary, 192
_Espontaneados_, immunity for, 245
Estrada y Escobedo, inqr., 230, 263
Evans, Katharine, in Maltese Inq., 47
Evora, Rodrigo de, case of, 201
Excommunication of judges, 32, 34, 37 of viceroys, 32, 377 of inqrs., 185 of insurgents _en masse_, 280 restricted by Charles V, 42 neglect of, is heresy, 91 commissioners not empowered, 301
Exemptions of officials, 20, 22, 246 from taxation, 215 from military service, 263
Exequatur required for arrests, 90, 94 formalities of, 91, 539 Rome refuses to ask for it, 95, 99
Exile as punishment, 439
Expenses of Lima Inq., 350 of Cartagena Inq., 503
Expulsion of Jews from Sicily, 3 from Naples, 53, 62, 66
Extinction of Inq. of Sicily, 43 of Naples, 106 of Sardinia, 119 of Milan, 137 of Canaries, 190 of Mexico, 298 of Peru, 450 of New Granada, 510
Extradition. _See_ Exequatur.
_Fabrica de Sevilla_, 225
Faith, propagation of, in New World, 191
Faith not to be kept as to heresy, 52
Fajardo, governor of Philippines, 310
Fallet, Pierre, case of, 306
False-witness punished in Rome, 91
Falsification of parish registers, 434
Familiars, their number in Sicily, 11, 13, 28, 31 in Sardinia, 117 in Canaries, 146 in Mexico, 247, 536 in Peru, 330 in New Granada, 468 their immunity, 27 their excepted crimes, 31 nobles not to serve as, 42 regulations in Mexico, 247, 536
Familiars, illegal protection of, 251, 252 their military service, 263 deprived of _fuero_, 269, 388
Farmers of revenue, inqrs. as, 251
Fees in _visitas de navíos_, 267
Ferdinand of Aragon appoints Sicilian inqrs., 1 expels Jews, 3 reorganizes Sicilian Inq., 5 enforces obedience to it, 8 gift to Queen Germaine, 12 explosion after his death, 14 desires Inq. in Naples, 50 orders payment of Pantolosa’s bills, 51 disregards Gonsalvo’s pledge to Naples, 52 expels Jews from Naples, 53 commissions a papal inqr., 56 attempts to introduce Spanish Inq., 57 permits papal Inq., 64 founds Inq. of Sardinia, 109 supports its jurisdiction, 110 his grants from confiscations, 112 his kindliness, 113 regulates salaries by confiscations, 114, 539
Ferdinando IV suppresses Sicilian Inq., 43 allows no Inq. in Naples, 107
Feria, Viceroy, his struggle with Inq., 34
Fernando VI on pseudo-Catholic recruits, 271 limits the fuero, 388 sustains Amusquíbar, 389
Figueroa, Bp., his quarrel with Inq., 183
Figueroa, Governor of Cartagena, 489
Finances of Sicilian Inq., 9, 12, 19, 24, 26, 27, 39 of Sardinian Inq., 109, 112, 114, 115, 116 of Inq. of Canaries, 156 of Inq. of Mexico, 212, 225, 288 of Inq. of Peru, 342, 354 of Inq. of New Granada, 460, 482, 487, 500
Fine inflicted on Naples, 76
Fines of officials, 28 in Sicily, 8, 10, 19 in Peru, 328, 329, 343 in Cartagena, 461, 482, 493, 496
Finger-rings, censorship of, 266
Fishing-boat, selection of, by Inq., 184
Fiscal is equal of inquisitor, 365
Flemings, prosecution of, in Canaries, 171
Flores, Juan Gutiérrez, inqr. of Lima, 364
Flores, Manuel de, inqr. of Mexico, 289 publishes Edict of Faith, 290 tries José María Morelos, 291
Florida, attempts to establish Inq., 457
Fonseca, Pedro de, his office, 213
Fonte, Miguel, his assassination, 111
Foreigners, treatment of, in Canaries, 167 in Peru, 332 in army, danger from, 271
Fos, Pierre, case of, 413
_Fragata de la Inquisicion_, 92
Franciscan missionaries to Indies, 191
Francisco de San José, Fray, his sermons, 307
Frauds in bankruptcies, 41
Frederic II, his forged decree, 1
Free-Masonry in Mexico, 274
Frenchmen in Mexico, their influence, 272
Fuensaldaña, Governor of Sinaloa, 249
_Fuero_ of Inq. in Sicily, 10 suspended and restored, 22, 24 grants immunity to crime, 28, 30 restricted by Charles VI, 41 abuses of, in Naples, 100 in the Colonies, 246 abuses in Mexico, 248 in Peru, 334, 382, 386 limited by Carlos III, 269 by Fernando VI, 388
Fúnez, Diego Ortiz, inqr. of Canaries, 145, 147, 149, 156, 162, 177, 181
Furniture, censorship of, 265
_Gachupines_, 280
Gage, Thomas, on Indian idolatry, 211
Gaitan, Andrés Juan, inqr. of Lima, 363, 364
Galleys, punishment of, 431 for solicitation, 395
García de Arias, burnt, 236
García, Comr. of Cumaná, 454
Garfías, Isabel de, her convent, 151
Garza, Costanza, case of, 144
Gasco, Fray Alonso, case of, 396, 398
Gaspar, George, his burning, 153
Geltruda, burnt in 1724, 40
Germaine, Queen, gift to, 12
Gesuald, burnt for Lutheranism, 45
Ghislieri, Michele. _See_ Pius V.
Gianbattista da Cremona, Inq.-genl. of Milan, 123
Giberti, Bp., overrides the exequatur, 99 expelled from Naples, 100
Girgenti, Bp. of, his quarrel with Inq., 37
Giron, Governor of Cartagena, 475
Girard, Jacques, case of, 93
Gomera, departure of Columbus, 139
Gómez, Juan, _alumbrado_, 235
Gonsalvo de Córdova, his pledge to Naples, 52
Gonzaga, Guillelmo, Duke of Mantua, 133
Gozo, inqr., appointed for, 1
Gran Corte, conflicts with Inq., 29
Granero, Alonso, inqr. of Mexico, 201
Granvelle, Card., Viceroy of Naples, 88
Gregory XIII grants bps. jurisdiction over Indians, 210
Greek Christians, trials of, 240, 434
Grisons, their relations with Milan, 122, 129 their territory violated, 135
Grosero, inqr., complains of bps., 36
Guadalupe, Our Lady of, 280
Guancavelica, mines of, 356, 359
Guerra de Latrás, inqr. of Cartagena, 488, 489
Guerro, Abp., on New Granada, 456
Guerrero, Abp. of Philippines, 309
Guigue, François, case of, 317
Guirior, Viceroy, on the clergy, 514
Gutiérrez de la Rosa, Bp., his quarrels, 185
Habitello, 83
Handkerchiefs, censorship of, 446
Havana, commissioner of, 249 confiscations in, 501
Hawkins, Sir John, his men, 205, 207
Hawkins, Richard, his expedition, 416
Henríquez, Camilo, case of, 446
Henríquez, Manuel, case of, 433
Heresy, prevalence of, in Lombardy, 122 of Indians, subject to bps., 210 of popular sovereignty, 275
Heretics, dealings with, unlawful, 50 their children seized, 106, 136 relations with forbidden, 129, 130, 137 kidnapping them, 134, 136 foreign, in Canaries, 167
Hidalgo, Miguel, case of, 276 edicts against him, 279, 281, 539
Hieronimo da Verona, his sermons, 15
Higuera y Amarilla, inqr., 230, 263
Hispañola, bishoprics in, 192 case of Pedro de Leon, 195
Hollanders, cases of, in Canaries, 167
Holy See, effect of Spanish Inq. on, 128
Huerta, Gaspar de la, case of, 398
Hurtado, Fray Juan, on Indians, 209
Ibanez, Gaspar, inqr. of Lima, 365, 366
Idolatry of Indians, 211
Ilarduy, receiver of Lima, 351, 352, 367
Ilarduy, inqr. of Cartagena, 468
Illuminism in Mexico, 235, 240 in Philippines, 305 in Peru, 406
Images, sacred, on profane objects, 265
Immaculate Conception in Philippines, 307
Immigration of Portuguese in Peru, 422
Immunity granted by _fuero_, 28, 30, 245, 249
Impostors, mystic, 235, 396
Independence of colonial tribunals, 203, 331 oath of, required, 507
Index Librorum Prohibitorum in the colonies, 204
Indians, their readiness for conversion, 191 their idolatry, 211 exempt from Inq., 209, 332 _repartimientos_ of, 215 sorcery among, 228 judiciable for sorcery, 391 offences against, 247 failure of missions, 458, 514, 515
Indies, New Christians forbidden access to, 193, 419 Concordia of 1553 extended to, 197, 247, 330 Concordias of 1610 and 1633, 218, 251, 254, 267 Council of, its complaints, 220, 255, 314, 345, 476, 477, 480, 484, 488, 503, 512 inqrs. of, 195
Innocent XII defends Inq. of Naples, 100
Inquisition of Canaries, 139 founded in 1505, 140 dependent on Seville, 141
## activity of Inqr. Ximenes, 142
prosecution of slaves, 144, 148, 149, 152, 159 its suspension, 145 its reorganization, 146 its building, 146, 157 visitations, 149
## active persecution, 152
finances, 156 Judaizers, 158 trivial denunciations, 160 _beatas revelanderas_, 162 solicitation, 163 sorcery, 165 foreign heretics, 167 censorship, 176 conflicts of jurisdiction, 180 suppression, 189, 190
Inquisition, episcopal, in Naples, 64, 66, 71, 78, 79, 84, 86, 92, 100, 102, 103, 104, 107 in Sardinia, 117 in Lombardy, 131, 135 in the Canaries, 140, 145 in Mexico, 195, 199, 210, 211, 289 in the Philippines, 299 in China, 317 in Peru, 321, 325, 412 in New Granada, 454, 510
Inquisition of Malta, 44
Inquisition of Mexico, 191 exercised by bishops, 196 established in 1571, 200 its installation, 202 its organization, 204 auto of 1574, 205 of 1596 and 1601, 207 its activity, 209 Indians exempt from, 209 finances, 212 early poverty, 213 Indian _repartimientos_, 215 concealment of confiscations, 216 grant of prebends, 217 dispute over subvention, 217-219, 223 large confiscations, 219 its sequestrations, 223 its wealth, 225, 288 cases in 1626, 226 inactivity, 227, 240 persecution of Judaizers, 229 autos of 1646-1649, 219, 230 of 1659, 234 solicitation, 241, 271, 272 conflicts of jurisdiction, 245 concordia of 1610, 251 competencias, 252 concordia of 1633, 254 quarrels with bishops, 257 visitation of Medina Rico, 261 military service, 263 censorship, 264 influence of Bourbon dynasty, 267 decadence in 18th century, 270 political activity, 272, 275 last public auto in 1795, 273 subordination to State, 275 case of Miguel Hidalgo, 276 suppression in 1813, 288 revived in 1815, 290 case of José María Morelos, 291 final extinction, 297 survival of fanaticism, 298
Inquisition of Milan, 121 its early difficulties, 122 prevalence of heresy, 123 San Carlo Borromeo becomes Abp., 123 Philip II proposes Spanish Inq., 125 popular opposition, 126 project abandoned, 128, 529
commerce with Switzerland, 129, 530 episcopal Inq., 131 suppressed by Maria Teresa, 137
Inquisition of Naples, 49 Gonsalvo’s pledge regarding it, 52 disregarded by Ferdinand, 54 papal Inq. active, 56, 64 attempt to introduce Spanish Inq., 57 popular opposition successful, 58 exemption from Inq. claimed, 63 refugees from Sicily, 63, 65 papal Inq. accepted, 64 its inertness, 65 Charles V orders Inq. introduced, 70 censorship introduced, 70, 84 Inq. attempted indirectly, 71 remonstrance of Piazze, 72 popular rising and slaughter, 73 envoys sent to Charles V, 74 unsuccessful fighting, 75 resistance abandoned, 76 Roman Inq. introduced, 78 its prisoners sent to Rome, 79, 88 persecution of Waldenses, 79 mixture of jurisdictions, 86 popular hatred, 88 exequatur required, 90, 94, 527 popular spirit broken, 92 papal commissioners admitted, 92 assume inquisitorial powers, 94, 96, 98 refuse to ask for exequatur, 95 Roman Inq. established, 96 its procedure, 97 Inqr. Piazza expelled, 99 Roman Inq. expelled, 100 Edict of Faith in 1695, 101 Roman Inq. returns, 102 episcopal Inq. developed, 103 suppressed by Carlo VII, 107
Inquisition of New Granada, 453 under commissioners, 454 demand for tribunal, 455 extent of its district, 457 endeavors to include Florida, 458 tribunal founded in 1610, 460 its royal subvention, 460 early operations, 461 sorcery and witchcraft, 462 blasphemy, 465 autos of 1622 and 1626, 466 sack of Cartagena in 1697, 467 decadence in 18th century, 468 censorship, 470 quarrels with the authorities, 473, 484 visitation of Martin Real, 481 of Medina Rico, 485 quarrels continue, 488 intestine, 485, 488, 490 degradation of tribunal, 489
quarrel with Bp. Benavides, 491 arrogance and decadence, 498, 504 poverty, 506, 509 moves to Santa Marta in 1812, 507 returns to Cartagena in 1815, 509 abolished by United States of Colombia in 1821, 510
Inquisition of Peru, 319 episcopal Inq., 321, 325 Inq. established, 326 auto of 1573, 328 organization, 329 extent of district, 333 commissioners, 334 subdivision proposed, 337 finances, 342 quarrels over subvention, 342, 344 concealment of receipts, 342, 345, 348 increasing income, 343 suppression of canonries, 346 gains from auto of 1639, 347 from other sources, 349 revenue and expenses, 350 mismanagement and peculation, 351 property at suppression, 354 character of inqrs.--Cerezuela, Ulloa, 355 Prado sent as visitador, 357 his charges against Ulloa, 358 Ulloa’s sentence, 360 he visits the district, 361 Ordoñez, his greed, 362 Verdugo, Gaitan, Mañozca, 363 deplorable condition of tribunal, 364 quarrels of inqrs., 366 visitation of Arenaza, 368 traffic in offices, 372 quarrels with authorities, 373 conflicts of jurisdiction, 381 Fernando VI limits the _fuero_, 388 quarrels with Abp. Barroeta, 389 functions in matters of faith, 390 bigamy, blasphemy, sorcery, 391 propositions, 392 solicitation, 393 mystic impostors, 396 Quietism, 406 auto de fe of 1736, 410 Protestantism, 412 prisoners of war, 414 Judaism, 419 auto de fe of 1639, 425, 435, 438 punishments, 437 censorship, 444 decadence and suppression, 447 re-establishment, 448 extinction, 450
personnel and salaries, 451 work accomplished, 451
Inquisition of Philippines, 299 episcopal Inq., 299 commissioner sent there, 300 his functions, 301 inactivity, 304 censorship, 306 conflicts of jurisdiction, 308 imprisonment of Governor Salcedo, 311 destruction of records, 317
Inquisition, Roman, organized, 70, 121 burnings in Rome, 80, 88, 135 introduced in Naples, 78 sentences Waldenses, 83 its prisoners sent to Rome, 87, 88, 91 its arrests require exequatur, 89, 90 used to collect debts, 91 punishes false-witness, 91 its regular service of vessels, 91 commissioners established in Naples, 92 assume to be inqrs., 94, 96, 98 refuses to ask for exequatur, 95 established in Naples, 96 expelled in 1692, 100 publishes Edict of Faith in 1695, 101 is again introduced, 102 Charles VI rejects it, 103 objects to Spanish Inq., 125 obstructs trade with heretics, 131
Inquisition of Sardinia, 109 conflicts of jurisdiction, 110 productive confiscations, 112 two inqrs. tried, 114 impoverishment, 114, 115, 116 Charles V stimulates activity, 115 its inefficiency, 116 multiplication of officials, 117 disappears under House of Savoy, 119
Inquisition of Sicily, 1 its finances, 5, 9, 12, 19, 24, 27 reorganized in 1500, 6 a house provided, 7 reorganized in 1510, 9
## activity in 1513, 12
complaints of abuses, 13, 21, 22, 26 reforms attempted, 13, 517 suspended by rising in 1516, 15 restored in 1519--its activity, 17 Card. Adrian tries to reform it, 18 Abp. Manrique also tries, 19, 518 _fuero_ of officials suspended, 22 resistance to sanbenitos, 24 continued activity, 24, 26, 27 contests with secular authorities, 25, 29, 31, 34, 37 number of familiars, 28 claims obedience of its subjects, 33
quarrels with bishops, 35
## activity in 17th century, 39
under Savoy and Austria, 40 under Carlos III, 42 suppressed in 1782, 43 statistics, 44 wants evidence from Calabria, 52 refugees in Naples, 63 makes arrests in Calabria, 89
Inquisitors acquire bishoprics, 201 of Peru, their character, 355 of Cartagena, 473, 479, 485
Insane, punishment of, 38, 235, 236, 238, 239, 329, 397, 410, 420
Insanity procures exemption, 392 case suspended for, 432
Installation of Mexican Inq., 202 of Peruvian, 328
Instructions, Sicilian, 13, 18, 518 special, for colonies, 203
Insurgents excommunicated _en masse_, 280 their documents condemned, 291
Inviolability of officials’ houses, 11, 254, 386, 517
Irazábal, auditor, his knavery, 352
Irregularities of procedure in Lima, 411, 436, 437
Irreverence, cases of, in Canaries, 161, 168, 178
Isabella of Castile conquers Canaries, 139 her zeal for the faith in the Indies, 191
Jansenism in China, 318 Jesuits, drowning of, 168 persecute Bp. Palafox, 258 their expulsion from Mexico, 270 their precautions against solicitation, 303 their immunity, 305, 399 their rule in Bonol, 308 in Paraguay, 258 persecution of Abp. Corcuera, 309 incensed against Inq., 367 favor visitor Arenaza, 369 resent the trial of Ulloa, 411 their superiority, 515
Jew held for ransom, 143
Jewelry, censorship of, 265
Jews of Sicily, persecution in 1474, 2 expulsion in 1492, 3 number of, in Naples, 49 their compulsory baptism, 50 expulsion from Naples, 53, 62, 64, 66 persecution in 1571, 87 allowed in Cartagena, 469
Jimeno, Sancho, 468
Joanna II suppresses Jewish usury, 49
Juan Bautista de Cardenas, _alumbrado_, 240
Juan, Jorje, on Peruvian clergy, 514
Juana of Naples, her bills of exchange, 51
Juárez, Pedro, case of, 199
Judaism in Mexico, 207 evidences of, 434
Judaizers in Sicily, 12, 22, 24, 27 in Naples, 50, 64 in Canaries, 142, 144, 158 in the New World, 193 in Mexico, 196, 226, 227, 228, 230, 235, 271 one relaxed in 1792, 273 in Philippines, 304 in Peru, 327, 329, 337, 344, 419 in New Granada, 455, 466, 469, 501
Judges, excommunication of, 32, 34, 37, 184, 187 courtesy enjoined towards, 254
Julius II persecutes Jews of Benevento, 53 opposes Spanish Inq. for Naples, 57, 61
Julius III, his bull on impeding Inq., 78 abolishes confiscation in Naples, 79, 86
Jurisdiction over clerics, 36 secular, over heresy in Naples, 66 temporal, of Inq., 245 profits of, 27 restricted, 41, 269, 388 suspended in Sicily, 22, 24 in Mexico in 18th century, 268, 269
Jurisdictions, multiplied, in Spanish Colonies, 511
Labor, enforced, of Indians, 215
La Guardia, Waldenses of, 81, 82, 83
Lamport, William, case of, 236
Lanzarote, bishopric founded in, 140
Las Casas, his inql. jurisdiction, 197 on capacity of Indians, 211
Las Palmas captured by Dutch, 146
Lazaeta, inqr. of Cartagena, 467, 499, 500
Leniency for solicitation, 164, 243, 393, 395 for sorcery, 439, 463 for blasphemy, 465
Leon, Colorado, case of, 169
Leon, Pedro de, case of, 195
Leon, Sancho de Herrera, case of, 160
Leon y Saravia, Governor of Philippines, 316
Leopoldo da S. Pasquale, case of, 107
_Libra_, value of, 6
Licences to bear arms, 13 to read prohibited books, 178 to visit heretic lands, 130, 136 for sailing, 254 to leave Canaries, 142 to leave Mexico, 204 to leave Peru, 333, 427
Lima, Inq. of, its records, 320 council of 1583, 321 (_See_ Inquisition of Peru).
_Limpieza_ required in Peru, 331
Lizardi, Fernández de, case of, 273
Llano Valdés, Francisco de, 478
Loaisa, Abp., holds auto de fe, 321
Lobaton, Juan and Martin, case of, 382
Loeb, Isidor, number of Sicilian Jews, 3
Lombardy, its relations with Switzerland, 121, 129 precautions against foreign heretics, 129, 530
López de Aponte, case of, 235
López, Luis, S. J., case of, 396, 399
Los Tres Reyes, case of, 172
Louisiana Purchase, censorship in, 274 Inq. attempted there, 459
Louis XII, his bargain with Ferdinand, 52
Loyola y Haro, Juan de, case of, 436
Lugardi, Enrico, revives Sicilian Inq., I
Lujan, Felipe de, his proposition, 392
Lutheranism persecuted in Sicily, 24 in Naples, 69 dread of, in Colonies, 200
Maldonado de Silva, case of, 423
Malta, inqr. appointed for, 1 Inq. of, 44
Malvicino, Valerio, persecutes Waldenses, 81, 82, 84
Mancera, Viceroy, on expenses of Inq., 222 complains of Inq., 255 speculates on the Portuguese, 433
Mañozca, Juan de, inqr. of Lima, 364 of Cartagena, 460 his injustice, 461 objects to prosecuting sorcery, 463 complaints of him, 473 transferred to Lima, 476 is Abp. of Mexico, 257
Mañozca, Juan Saenz de, 230, 263
Manrique, Abp., his Sicilian Instructions, 19, 518
Manrique, Francisco, Comr. of Philippines, 300
Manso, Bp. Alfonso, as inqr., 195
Manso, Giacomo, inqr. of Sicily, 2
Mantua, Inq. enforced there, 133
Marcategui, Ant. de, case of, 385
Maria Teresa suppresses Inq. of Milan, 137
Marignano, Franciscan Guardian of, his escape, 124
Marin, Sancho, inqr. of Sardinia, 109 transferred to Sicily, 5
Marinæus Siculus, his pension, 8
Martin, Diego, Governor of Buenos Ayres, 421
Martin de Valencia as inqr., 196
Matteo da Reggio, inqr. in Naples, 49
Mattos, Fran. Rodríguez, case of, 208
Mazza, Agostino, case of, 98
_Media añata_, 225
Medina, J. T., his works, 320
Medina Rico, his visitation in Cartagena, 485 transferred to Mexico, 488 his Mexican visitation, 230 his arbitrary action, 255 on persecution of Palafox, 258 tries case of Juan de la Camara, 261
Melgarejo, Luisa, case of, 400
Melgarejo, Rodrigo Ortiz, case of, 394
_Membretes_, 228
Mendoza, Bp. of Popayan, 473
Mercader, Benito, visitor of Sicily, 19
Mercantile cases exempted from _fuero_, 41, 43
Merchants, heretic, residence of, 136
Messina receives the Inq., 17
Mexico, growth of the Church, 193 sanbenitos in cathedral, 196 apprehension of Protestants, 200 (_See_ Inq. of Mexico).
Mier, Gómez de, inqr. of Cartagena, 489, 490, 491
Mier Noriega y Guerra, case of, 297
Milan. _See_ Inq. of Milan.
Military service of officials, 263, 357
Miró, Estevan, Governor of Louisiana, 459
Mission from Naples to Ferdinand, 60 to Charles V, 74, 76
Missionaries to West Indies, 192 character of, in Colonies, 319
Missions, unsuccess of, 514, 515
Modena, Bp. of, inqr. in Milan, 121
Moles, Antonio, as confiscator, 84
Molinism in Peru, 400
Moncada, Hugo de, Viceroy of Sicily, 14
Monge, D. Miguel, his book on Inq., 41
Monox, Edward, case of, 171
Montalto, Waldenses of, 81, 82
Monterey, Viceroy, defends the exequatur, 95
Monterey, Viceroy, warned to favor Inq., 374
Montesalto, Duchess of, 85
Montesclaros, Viceroy, complains of Inq., 380
Montoro, Bp., appointed inqr. of Sicily, 6 of Naples, 57, 58
Montúfar, Abp., as inqr., 197 his censorship, 264
Moorish slaves, cases of, 144, 145, 159 forbidden to go to colonies, 194
Morals, censorship of, 446, 471
Morales, Padre, excites revolt, 308
Morejon, Catalina, 356
Morelos, José María, case of, 292
Moreno y Escandon, his report, 513
Moriscos in Canaries, 144, 145, 147, 160
Mormile, Cesare, 73, 74
Moro sailors, their pagan rites, 305
Mota, David de la, 469
Moya de Contreras, inqr. of Mexico, 200, 206
Moyen, François, case of, 439
Multiplicity of jurisdictions, 511
Múñoz, Diego, his censorship, 266
Murga, Bp. of Canaries, 146, 184
Murga, Governor of Cartagena, 476
Murgier, Jean Marie, case of, 272
Muros, Bp. of Canaries, as inqr., 140
Mussumelli, Count, case of, 29
Mutineers, naval, in Vera Cruz, 268
Mutis, José Celestino, case of, 471
Mystic impostors in Mexico, 235 in Peru, 396
Naples, its conquest by Ferdinand, 53 its municipal organization, 54 tumult of 1547, 72 English girl abducted in 1746, 106 (_See_ Inquisition of Naples).
Nava, Antonio, case of, 104
Negro slaves in Canaries, 148, 159
New Christians banished from Naples, 62, 64 forbidden to leave Canaries, 142 not allowed in the Colonies, 193, 419
New Granada, the earliest Spanish settlement, 453 description of its people, 461 revolution of 1810, 506 its condition in 1772, 513 (_See_ Inquisition of New Granada).
New Mexico, Governor of, arrested, 256
Nicholas V sends inqr. to Naples, 49
Nobles as familiars, 28, 30, 32, 42
_Nuevo Reino de Granada_, 453
Number of Sicilian Jews, 3 of familiars allowed, 13 in Sicily, 28, 31 in Sardinia, 117 in Canaries, 146
Number of familiars in Mexico, 247, 536 in Peru, 330 in New Granada, 468
Oath of obedience to Inq., 11, 202,534 of independence in New Granada, 507
Oaxaca, Bp. of, penances Indians, 211
Obregon, Diego de, receiver of Sicily, 6, 9, 12
Occult arts, Edict of Faith against, 391
Ochino, Bernardino, 69, 70
Officials, crimes of, 14 engage in trade, 21 their exemptions, 22, 380 their _fuero_, 22, 24, 245 hostility towards them, 23, 26 their excepted crimes, 31, 247, 330 their abuses in Naples, 100 in the Colonies, 251, 498 multiplication in Sardinia, 117, 119 royal safeguard for, 202 their immunities, 246 subordinated to State, 275 not to receive commissions, 521 not to receive presents, 523
Offices, traffic in, 372
Olivares, Viceroy, rebukes the Inq., 33
Olivitos, Angela, case of, 400
_Onza_ of Sicily, 5
Opinions, political, prosecution for, 273
Orders, Religious, laxity in, 244, 515 complain of Mañozca, 474
Ordóñez, Comr., arrests governor, 256
Ordóñez appointed inqr. of Lima, 360 secures a legacy, 344 his greed, 362 made Abp. of Santafé, 363 on solicitation, 394
Organization of Mexican Inq., 204, 289 of Lima Inq., 350, 451 of city of Naples, 54
Ortiz, Juan, inqr. of Cartagena, 479, 482, 486, 487
Ortíz, Tomas, as inqr., 196
Osuna, Viceroy, his obsequiousness, 93
_Ottine_ of Naples, 55
Ovalle, Manuel de, S. J., 407, 410
Oviedo, Rodrigo de, 479, 484, 486, 487
Ozaeta, Pablo de, inqr. of Cartagena, 499, 500
Pablo de Santa Maria, 423 Pact with demon, 166
Padilla, José de, inqr. of Cartagena, 489, 490, 491
Padilla, Luis de, inqr. of Canaries, 144
Palacios, Andrés, 57, 60, 63
Palafox, Bp. Juan de, his persecution, 257 his _Ejercicios devotos_ suppressed, 471
Palermo, rising in 1511, 11 complaints of Inq., 13 rising in 1516, 15 auto de fe of 1724, 40
Panamá, alguazil in, 331 under Cartagena tribunal, 457
Pantelaria, inqr. appointed for, 1
Pantolosa the Neapolitan banker, 50
Panza, commissioner, 82, 86
Paolo d’Arezzo, mission to Philip II, 86, 525
Paolo Sarpi, on trade with heretics, 137
Papal Inq. in Naples controlled by viceroy, 56
Paraguay, Jesuits in, 258
Parliament of Naples in 1536, 66 Sicilian, complaints of, 13, 21, 22, 26
Pascale, Giovan Luigi, burnt, 80
Pastry, sacred heads in, 266
Paternina, Commissioner of Philippines, 311
Paul III organizes Roman Inq., 70 his relations with Naples, 76 stimulates Inq. of Sardinia, 117 stimulates persecution in Milan, 121 forbids New Christians to go to America, 194 on capacity of Indians, 210
Paul IV introduces Roman Inq. in Naples, 78 restores confiscation, 79 coerces Abp. of Sassari, 117 degrades Bp. of Brescia, 122 stimulates persecution in Milan, 123
Paul V intervenes in Sardinia, 118
Pay-roll of Neapolitan Inq., 57 of Sardinian, 114 of Mexican, 289 of Peruvian, 350, 451
Payta, English descent on, 375
Pearls, confiscated, sent to Ferdinand, 112
Peculation in Inq. of Sicily, 19, 521 in Inq. of Peru, 340, 351 in Inq. of Cartagena, 487
Pedro de Córdova, a missionary, 192, 195
Pelayo, Nofre, case of, 51
Penitents, labor required of, 19 their transportation, 234, 235 pelting of, prohibited, 432, 438
Peña, Antonio de la, inqr. of Sicily, 2
Peñaranda, Viceroy, expels Piazza, 99
Peralta, inqr. of Mexico, 207, 208
Peralta, Governor, his arrest, 256
Pereira Castro, inqr. of Cartagena, 483, 485, 486, 487, 488
Pereyns, Simon, case of, 198
Pérez, Manuel Bautista, case of, 431
Peru, episcopal inq. in, 197, 321 royal rebuke of inqrs., 251 irreverent use of crosses, 266 its condition in 16th century, 319 (_See_ Inquisition of Peru).
Pestilence, atonement for, 143
Petronila de San Esteban, a beata, 163
Petronio, Bp., calls himself inqr., 94
_Peyote_, use of, in Mexico, 228
Philip II orders officials protected, 23 restores the _fuero_, 25 humiliates Viceroy Terranova, 25 orders the Inq. aided, 26 rebukes Viceroy Alba, 29 makes concession to justice, 30 his assurance to Naples, 86, 525 asks aid for Sardinian Inq., 116 proposes Spanish Inq. for Milan, 125 abandons the project, 128, 529 sustains Inq. of Canaries, 180 zeal for the faith in the New World, 191 forbids New Christians access to colonies, 194 regulates familiars in colonies, 197, 247, 536 fears Protestantism in Colonies, 200 founds Inq. in Mexico, 203 exempts Indians from Inq., 210 his grant to Inq. of Mexico, 212 suppresses episcopal Inq. in Philippines, 301 founds Inq. of Peru, 326 royal protection for officials, 374 refuses tribunal to New Granada, 456
Philip III, his instructions for Sicily, 33 his circular letter to viceroys, 35 efforts to learn receipts, 216, 344 issues Concordia of 1610, 251 regulates competencias, 253 excludes Bibles from colonies, 267 royal protection for officials, 374 his subvention for Cartagena tribunal, 460, 500
Philip IV orders the _via ordinaria_, 99 enforces the exequatur, 95 subjects inqrs. to _alcavala_, 215 claims return of subvention, 220 demands accounts from tribunals, 216, 221, 345, 348 his gratification at autos, 233, 240 regulates competencias, 253 issues Concordia of 1633, 254 on Philippine commissioners, 310 proposes subdivision of Peru, 338 on secret prison of Cartagena, 480 on visitation of Martin Real, 481, 484
Philip V abandons Naples, 102 orders foreigners expelled, 176 rebukes Inq. of Canaries, 187
represses the Lima Inq., 384
Philippines, canonries in, 217 solicitation in, 243, 302 (_See_ Inq. of Philippines).
Phillips, Miles, his account of auto of 1574, 205
Piazza, Bp., establishes a tribunal, 98 is expelled, 99
_Piazze_ of Naples, 54
Piélago, secretary, as office broker, 372
Pimienta, Governor of Cartagena, 499
Pinto, Paz, case of, 466
Piracy in Canaries, 168
Pius IV opposes Spanish Inq., 86 agrees to it, for Milan, 125
Pius V objects to exequatur, 90 as inqr. of Como, 122 his decree as to Inq., 132, 531 proposes Spanish Inq. for Venice, 132 his quarrel with Mantua, 133 his advice as to the Indies, 199
Pizarro, María, case of, 396
Placido di Sangro sent to Charles V, 74, 76, 77
Plata, Juan, case of, 242
Poblete, José Millan de, 313, 316
Pointis, Baron de, captures Cartagena, 467
Poisonings in Cartagena, 486
Political functions of Canary tribunal, 190 of Mexican tribunal, 272, 275
Ponte y Andrade, inqr. of Lima, 365
Popular sovereignty a heresy, 275
Portorubio, Bp. of Malta, as inqr., 46
Portuguese Judaizers, 229 complaints in Peru of, 337, 341, 421 ordered to leave Peru, 433 prosecuted in New Granada, 466
Poverty of Mexican Inq., 213
Prado sent as visitador to Peru, 357 on commissioners, 335 his charges against Ulloa, 358 Ulloa’s charges against him, 359 his proposed reforms, 360 prosecutes viceroy, 376
Pragmatic sanction of 1732, 42
Pralboino, Claudio, escapes burning, 123
Prebends for colonial tribunals, 216, 347, 501, 503, 504, 508
Precautions against heretics in Lombardy, 135, 530
Precedence in competencias, 253, 267 in bull-fights, 254
Pre-emption forbidden, 251, 254
Printing-office, none in Cartagena, 470
Prison, secret, in Canaries, 157, 158 confinement in, 480 penitential, in Mexico, 214
Prisoners, cost of maintenance, 353 care for them, 519, 521
Prisoners, English, claimed by Inq., 357 of war, trials of, in Peru, 414 their rights respected, 418
Privileges of officials in Sicily, 10 in the colonies, 245
Procedure of Roman Inq., 97 of episcopal Inq., 105
Profits of jurisdiction, 28
Prohibited books, strictness as to, 274 given to Archbishop, 289 in Philippines, 306
Propagandism, Protestant, dread of, 200
Property, efforts to conceal, 427
Propositions, heretical, 392, 441, 455, 470
Protestantism, dread of, 200
Protestants, in Canaries, 167, 175 in Mexico, 198, 205, 207, 208, 226 in Peru, 321, 325 in New Granada, 466
Punishment, capricious, in Lima, 437
Purchase of offices, 372
Quakeresses in Maltese Inq., 47
Quarantine against heretics in Lombardy, 530
Quarrels with bishops, 35, 182, 257, 476, 491 of inqrs., 355, 359, 363, 366, 479, 485, 488, 490 with authorities, 373, 473, 484, 488 financial, in Mexico, 212, 217
_Quebrantamientos de escrituras de juego_, 349
Queipo, Bp. of Mechoacan, 275, 290
_Quemadero_ in Mexico, 206
Querétaro, censorship in, 266
Quevedo, Juan, Bp. of Cuba, 195
Quicksilver, distribution of, 255
Quietism of Juan de Valdés, 68
Quietists in Sardinia, 119 in Peru, 406, 410
Quiñones, Dr., his confiscation, 343
Quiroga, Inq.-genl., his letter to Bp. Vera, 181
Quirós, Bernardo de, Inqr. of Cartagena, 489, 490, 491
Quito, Bp. Peña of, his legacy, 344
Ranzano, Bp., inqr. of Sicily, 2
Real, Martin, his visitation, 348, 481, 483
Real estate, alienations of, 14
_Rebeldía_, 182
Rebiba, Scipione, in Naples, 78
Recalde, Fray Joseph, case of, 449
Receipts, statements of, refused, 216, 219, 345, 504
Receivership, dangers of, 111, 114
Reconciliation entails confiscation, 421
Records of the tribunals, 190, 288, 298, 317, 320
Recruits pretending Catholicism, 271
Reforms attempted in Sicily, 13, 18, 518 proposed, in Peru, 360
Refugees from Sicily in Naples, 64, 65
Reggio, persecution in, 86 arrests by Sicilian Inq., 89
Registers, parish, falsified, 434 imperfect, 514
Relaxations in Canaries, 154
Remittances from Mexico, 219, 221, 224, 225
Renegades in Canaries, 160
_Repartimientos_ of Indians, 215
Requisitions by Inq., 251, 252, 254
Resistance to sanbenitos, 24
Revolution, French, influence of, 272
Revolution of Mexico, its ferocity, 281 of New Granada, 506
Reyes, Luisa de los, a _beata_, 304
Ribagorza, Viceroy, controls papal Inq., 56, 524
Ribera, Teodoro de, case of, 392
Riciullo, Bp., acts as inqr., 96
Rio de Janeiro, Portuguese arrested, 421
Rising of 1516 in Palermo, 15 of 1547, in Naples, 72
Rivas, Gerónimo, case of, 375
Roda, Giacomo, inqr. of Sicily, 2
Rodríguez, Juan, his complaint, 266
Rodríguez, Rafael Gil, case of, 273
Roelas, Alonso de las, case of, 161
Rojas, José Ant., sentenced for liberalism, 273
Rome, citations to, 89 prisoners sent there, 79 burnings in, 80, 88, 135
Romero, the sisters, _embusteras_, 235, 239
Romo, Bartolo, alcaide, 367
Romualdo, Fra, burnt in 1724, 40
Safeguard, royal, for officials, 202
Sagro Monte della Pietà in Naples, 67
Sailors, foreign, prosecution of, 169
_Sala reflexa_, 387
Salaries of Sicilian tribunal, 6, 9 of Sardinian tribunal, 109 regulated by confiscations, 114, 528 for Inq. of Naples, 57 in Mexico, 212, 289 in Peru, 350, 451
Salas y Pedroso, inqr. of Cartagena, 488, 489
Salar, Bp. of Manila, his Inq., 299
Salazar, Luis Rúiz de, case of, 152
Salcedo, Governor of Philippines, his imprisonment, 311
Salcedo, inqr. of Cartagena, 460, 476
Salerno, Prince of, sent to Charles V, 74
Saldaña, Fray Juan de, case of, 242
Salice, Hercole, a heretic, 129
Salinas, Dr., 360, 376, 379
Salinas, Gregorio de, comr. in Vera Cruz, 268
Sanbenitos, opposition to, in Sicily, 15, 24, 523 for Waldenses, 83 discarded from churches in Canaries, 188 burnt, 189 in Mexican cathedral, 196, 226 use made of them, 289 of Morelos, 296 of prisoners of war, 417
Sánchez, Miguel, case of, 113
Sanders, John, case of, 145, 168
San Lorenzo, Tribunale de, 55
San Sisto, Waldenses of, 81, 82, 83
Santa Clara, nuns of, at Cartagena, 491, 493
Santa Cruz, Domingo de, case of, 110
Santa Marta, Diego de, case of, 166
Santa Marta, see of, 453 bishop of, 492, 493, 494
Santangel, Luis de, refuses Pantolosa’s bills, 51
Santiago, commissioner of Chile, 346
Santo Domingo, subject to Lima, 333 to Cartagena, 457 Jews allowed in, 469
St. Augustine, attempts to found Inq. there, 458
St. John, Order of, in Malta, 45
Sardinia. _See_ Inq. of Sardinia.
Sartolo, Bernardo, S. J., 405
Savoy, Sicilian Inq. under, 40 obtains Sardinia, 119
Scrutinium Scripturarum, 423
Scourging in Mexico, 206 in Peru, 431, 438
Sebastian, Inqr., attacked, 23 his activity, 26
Secretaries of Suprema, payments to, 350
Secular jurisdiction over heresy in Naples, 56, 66, 524
Sedella, Ant. de, inqr. of Louisiana, 459
_Seggi_ of Naples, 54
Sentence of Waldenses, 83 of Morelos, 298 of François Moyen, 443
Sentences not enforced, 20, 520
Sequestrations in Mexico, 223 in Peru, 348, 429 commerce destroyed by, 428 not applied by commissioners, 301
Sequestrations not applicable to prisoners of war, 417
Servants of officials, their privileges, 31, 245, 474
Sessa, Duke of, Governor of Milan, 127, 128, 129
Seville, composition of, 193 its jurisdiction over Canaries, 141
Sgalambro, Dr., inqr. of Sicily, 6, 8
Shaw, Robert, case of, 413
Sheep given to a Jew, 143
Ships, detention of, 252, 254, 333
Sickness, efforts to convert in, 175
Sinaloa, governor of, excommunicated, 249
Sixtus IV asks Inq. for Sicily, 1
Sixtus V places a commissioner in Naples, 92
Slavery, escape from, is apostasy, 149
Slaves, Christian, sold by Inq., 19, 520 in Canaries, 144, 148, 149, 152, 159 of officials, their immunity, 251, 474 their exemption abrogated, 388 false witness of, 437 negro, in New Granada, 462
Snuff-boxes, censorship of, 178
Sobranis, Ana de, a beata, 183
Socaya, inqr. of Cartagena, 483
Solicitation in Canaries, 163 in Mexico, 227, 228, 241, 271 in Philippines, 302 in Peru, 344, 393
Solis, José, case of, 407, 410
Soranzo Bp. of Brescia, case of, 122
Sorcery in Naples, 101 in Canaries, 147, 148, 165 in Mexico, 206, 228 in Peru, 391, 439 in New Granada, 462
Soto, Juan de, case of, 160
Spinelli, Abp., his Inq., 104 forced to resign, 107
Spinello, lord of La Guardia, 80, 85
Stevenson, W. B., 373, 447
Stomeo, Giantonio, case of, 94
Stoning penitents prohibited, 432, 438
Suárez de Figueroa, inqr. of Cartagena, 495, 498
Subdivision of Peru proposed, 337
Subsidy, Sicilian, to Charles V, 22
Subvention, royal, of Mexican tribunal, 212, 216, 218, 220, 222 of Lima tribunal, 342, 344, 347 of Cartagena tribunal, 500, 501, 502
_Sueldo_, value of, 6
Superstitions in New Granada, 462
Superunda, Viceroy of Peru, 370, 387
Suppression of Sicilian Inq., 43 of Neapolitan, 107 of Sardinian, 119 of Milanese, 137
Suppression of Canary Inq., 189 of Mexican, 270, 288, 298 of Peruvian, 354, 447 of New Granadan, 507, 510
Suprema, its large receipts from Mexico, 219 its duplicity and concealment, 219, 221, 223, 224, 348 on Salcedo’s arrest, 315 relations with colonial tribunals, 331 urges subdivision of Peru, 337 payments to its secretaries, 350 contributions to, from Cartagena, 502 505 its demands for remittances, 513
Swiss, their relations with Milan, 129
Symbols, sacred, prohibited, 265
Syndics, Jesuit, in solicitation, 303
Syracuse, Bp. of, his quarrel with Inq., 36
Tabaloro, Carlo, case of, 38
Tagal book, heresy in, 307
Tanner, John, case of, 173
Tanucci, Regent of Naples, 107
Tarragona, Abp. of, his bills of exchange, 51
Tattooing, censorship of, 266
Taxation, exemption from, in Mexico, 215
Tello de Sandoval, inqr. of Mexico, 197
Tenerife, foreigners in, 172, 175
Terracina, Domenico, 72
Terranova, Duke of, case of, 25
Terror aroused by Inq., 98
Tezcoco, cacique of, burnt, 196
Thimbles, crosses on, erased, 266
Toledo, Pedro de, Viceroy of Naples, 66 urges introduction of Inq., 70 bombards the city, 73 his vindictive triumph, 76
Toledo, Viceroy of Peru, on condition of colony, 319 gets rid of Aguirre, 323 controls royal subvention, 342 curbs the Inq., 374
Toleration proclaimed in Colombia, 510
Tormentors, 448
Toro, Pedro de, case of, 396, 398
Torquemada appoints inqr. for Sicily, 2
Torres, Comr. of Popayan, 454
Torture administered by physician, 142 severity of, in Lima, 429 implements of, 447
Trade forbidden to officials, 251, 254 with heretics creates suspicion, 130, 136, 137 danger of, in Canaries, 168
Traffic in offices, 372
Transportation of penitents, 234, 235
Travel in heretic lands, licence for, 130, 136, 137
Treaty of 1604 with England, 171
Trent, Council of, opposes Spanish Inq., 127 on episcopal power over heresy, 211
Treviño, Tomás, his martyrdom, 233
Treviso, licences to travel required, 136
Tribaldos, Bart., first Canary inqr., 140
Tucuman, its conquest by Aguirre, 322 solicitation in, 393, 394, 395
Tuscany, arrests require assent of ruler, 137
Tumult of 1516 in Palermo, 15 of 1547 in Naples, 72
Ubau, Pedro, case of, 353, 407, 410
Ulloa, Ant. Gut., inqr. of Peru, 355 complaints against him, 356 Prado’s charges, 358 his sentence, 360 visits his district, 361 his dismissal and death, 362 prosecutes viceroy, 376, 544
Ulloa, Antonio de, on Peruvian clergy, 514
Ulloa, Francisco de, S. J., case of, 406, 410
Ulloa, Juan Fran, de, case of, 367
Ulloa, Juan de, case of, 393
Unda, Diego de, inqr. of Peru, 352 his property sequestrated, 352 his confiscated jewels, 354 his scandals, 366 his arrest, 368 his release and death, 370 condemns Quietists, 410
Universities, compulsory degrees of, 252
University of Lima favors suppression, 449
Unnatural crime, 244
Urban VII suppresses canonries in Peru, 346
Urban VIII defends Fra Petronio, 95 grants prebends to colonial tribunals, 216
Uriarte, Juan de, secretary, 479, 482, 486, 487, 488
Utrecht, treaty of, 40
Uzstáriz, Commissioner, his zeal, 305
Valera, Francisco, inqr. of Cartagena, 491 his quarrel with Bp. Benavides, 492 is transferred to Lima, 495 his actions condemned, 365, 498 insists on royal subvention, 503, 504 as inqr. of Lima, 364 tries Angela Carranza, 400, 404 his jubilation, 365
Valderrama, Francisco de, 356
Valdés la Vandera, 269
Valdés, Juan de, his influence, 67 his disciples in Reggio, 86
Valdivia, Dutch attack on, 418 as place of punishment, 438
Valtelline, foreign priests expelled, 136 its territory violated, 135
Vandenbosch, Franz, case of, 170
Vanegas, Diego, case of, 361
Van Hoflaquen, Georg, case of, 170
_Varas_ of alguazil, sale of, 224, 225, 349, 501
Vargas, Ant. de, case of his will, 387
Vazquez, Francisco, case of, 394
Vega, Viceroy, relations with Inq., 25
Velazco, Governor of Cartagena, his complaints, 473
Velazco, Juan Francisco, case of, 407, 410
Velazco, Viceroy, complains of Inq., 380
Vélez, Fray Andrés, case of, 399
Vélez, inqr. of Cartagena, 477 transferred to Mexico, 478
Venadita, Viceroy, suppresses Mexican Inq., 298
Vendeja, inqr. of Cartagena, 499
Venice, its regulation of Inq., 132 residence of foreign heretics, 531
Vera, Bp., his quarrel with Canary Inq., 181
Vera Cruz, mutineer sailors in, 268
Verdugo, Bp., on suppression of Inq., 189
Verdugo, Francisco, inqr. of Lima, 363
Vessels, service of, for Roman Inq., 91 seizure of, 156, 169
_Via ordinaria_, 87, 90, 97, 99, 100, 102, 106, 526
Vicente, Juan, case of, 466
Vicente de Santa María as inqr., 196
Viceroyalty of New Granada, 453
Viceroys ordered to favor Inq., 35, 250, 374 excommunication of, 32, 375 not to be excommunicated, 252
Vico, Marquis of, case of, 90
Vienna, Sicilian Inq. subject to, 40
Viera y Clavijo, his history of Canaries, 180
Villadiego, Inqr. of Cartagena, 482, 483, 485, 486, 487
Villar, Viceroy, on clergy of Peru, 320 banishes Catalina Morejon, 356 his complaints of tribunal, 357 his troubles with Inq., 374 is excommunicated, 375 is prosecuted, 376 Villar, his submission, 378, 544 his appeal to Philip II, 379 hands over prisoners of war, 414
Villareal, Abp. of Mexico, 257
Villaroel, Bp. of Chile, 346
Villaroel, Ant. Hernández, case of, 393
_Visitas de navíos_, in Canaries, 176, 179 in Mexico, 266 in Philippines, 304
Visitations of Canaries, 148, 149 of Mexico, 261 of Peru, 357, 367 of Cartagena, 481, 485 of districts of Peru, 332
Vitoria, Elena de, case of, 464, 465
_Voz activa_, officials deprived of, 14
Waldenses in Calabria, 49 eradicated, 79 in Apulia, their fate, 85, 524
Wall-papers, censorship of, 446
Watches undergo censorship, 471
Wealth of Peruvian clergy, 515
White horse, parade of, 430, 437
Widows of officials, their privileges, 31, 42
Will case, quarrel over, 387
Wine, exportation of from Canaries, 156
Witchcraft in Canaries, 167 in New Granada, 464
Witnesses’ names, suppression of, 26, 97
Women, scourging of, 431, 438
Ximenes, Card., his appointment of colonial inqrs., 195
Ximenes, Martin, inqr. of Canaries, 141, 142, 180
Xuquil, Indians of, their idolatry, 211
Yáñez, Gonzalo, case of, 248
Yepes, Rodrigo de, case of, 248
Ynes de Tarifa, case of, 143
Yucatan, _visitas de navíos_ in, 267
Zalduegui, Pedro, inqr. of Lima, 372
Zapata, Governor of Cartagena, 485
Zarate, Fray Francisco de, case of, 243
Zarate, Ortiz de, Inqr. of Cartagena, 494
Zayas, Bravo de, visitor of Canaries, 148, 161
Zuazo, Alonso de, on New Christians, 194
Zubieta, Pedro de, case of, 395
Zumárraga, Bp., burns cacique of Tezcoco, 196
Zuñíga, Viceroy, his subservience, 94
Zurita on Sicilian finances, 24
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It is one of the most interesting problems in human history that Spain, whose brilliant achievements promised to make her as dominant in the world of letters as in military and naval enterprise, should, within the space of a couple of generations, have become the most uncultured land in Christendom. For this there must have been a cause and no other adequate one than the Inquisition has been discovered. In this work Dr. Lea makes clear the progress of its influence.
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FOOTNOTES:
[1] Páramo de Origine S. Officii S. Inquisitionis, pp. 197-99.--Ripoll Bullar. Ord. Fr. Prædic., III, 510.--La Mantia, L’Inquisizione in Sicilia, pp. 16-18 (Torino, 1886).
[2] Pirri, Sicilia Sacra, p. 910 (Panormi, 1733).--Llorente, Hist. crít. de la Inquisicion de España, Append. No. III.
[3] La Mantia, _op. cit._, pp. 20-1.--Franchina, Breve Rapporto del Tribunale della SS. Inquisizione in Sicilia, pp. 23, 108-16 (Palermo, 1744).
If we may believe an inscription of 1631, Ranzano had been inquisitor in 1482.--Jo. Mariæ Bertini Sacratissima Inquisitionis Rosa Virginea, I, 385 (Panormi, 1662). He died in 1492.
[4] Zurita, Añales de Aragon, Lib. XIX, cap. xiv.--Giov. di Giovanni, L’Ebraismo della Sicilia, pp. 190-1 (Palermo, 1748).
[5] Giovanni, pp. 21, 96.
Isidor Loeb considers the ordinary computations to be grossly exaggerated and, from the statistics of several places, assumes the total to have been not more than from twenty to thirty thousand.--Revue des Etudes Juives, 1887, p. 172.
[6] Giovanni, p. 210.--This _celeste benefizio_, as the pious author terms it, proved so destructive to the commercial prosperity of the island that, in 1695, the Jews were invited to return, under certain rigorous restrictions. As they manifested no readiness to avail themselves of the permission, the invitation was repeated in a more attractive form in 1727 and, this proving unavailing, still further inducements were offered in 1740. Even this, however, did not produce the desired effect and the edict was revoked in 1747.--Ibidem, pp. 239-42.
[7] Giovanni, pp. 233-5.
[8] The Sicilian _onza_ was nearly equivalent to 2-3/10 ducats.
[9] Archivo general de Simancas, Consejo de la Inquisicion, Libro 1.
[10] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Libro 2, fol. 23, 24.
[11] Under the same date Obregon was ordered to pay salaries as follows:
Doctor Johan Sgalambro, inquisitor 6000 sueldos jaquenses. Martin de Vallejo, alguazil 6000 “ “ Johan Crespo, portero 500 “ “ A notario del secreto } { 2500 “ “ A notario de los secuestros } To be appointed by the { 2500 “ “ A fiscal } inquisitors { 2500 “ “ Diego de Obregon, receiver 6000 “ “ --Archivo de Simancas, _ubi sup_.
Although no salary is here provided for the Bishop of Cefalù, it does not follow that bishops were expected to serve gratuitously. When Pedro de Belorado was sent to Sicily as Archbishop of Messina and inquisitor, Obregon was ordered, Sept. 10, 1501, to pay him the same salary as that of Sgalambro whom he replaced.--Ibidem.
The _sueldo_ was one-twentieth of the _libra_, which was nearly equivalent to the Castilian ducat.
[12] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 1.
[13] La Mantia, pp. 23, 25, 26, 28.
[14] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 1.
[15] Ibidem. Sgalambro managed to regain the royal favor, for a letter of Ferdinand, April 23, 1506, gratifies him with the Cistercian abbey of S. Maria di Terrana, burdened, however, with a pension of eighty ducats to the official chronicler, Luca de Marinis, better known as L. Marinæus Siculus.--Pirri Sicilia Sacra, I, 670.
[16] La Mantia, pp. 27, 28.
[17] Parecer de Martin Real (MSS. of Bodleian Library, Arch. Seld., 130).
[18] La Mantia, p. 28.
[19] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 3, fol. 51, 52, 77, 81, 82, 83.
[20] Ibidem, fol. 127.
[21] La Mantia, p. 29.
[22] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 3, fol. 134, 148, 153.
[23] Portocarrero, Sobre la Competencia en Mallorca, n. 38 (Madrid, 1624).--Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 3, fol. 30.
[24] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 3, fol. 116. In December, however, Ferdinand increased the number of familiars to twenty in each large city.--Ibidem, fol. 135.
[25] Ibidem, fol. 127.
[26] Parecer de Martin Real, _ubi sup._ Possibly this is too absolute an attribution of the troubles of 1511 to the Inquisition, though Doctor Real, as an official of the tribunal, ought to be good authority, even though not a contemporary. Fazelli, who was a boy at the time, says (De Rebus Siculis, Decad. II, Lib. ix, cap. 11) that it was occasioned by the outrages committed by the unpaid and starving Spanish troops.
[27] Llorente, Añales de la Inquisicion, II, 26.
[28] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 3, fol. 202 (see Appendix).
[29] La Mantia, pp. 30-32.
[30] Amabile, Il Santo Officio in Napoli, I, 109 (Città di Castello, 1892).
[31] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 3, fol. 239, 294, 296, 314.
[32] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, fol. 331.
[33] La Mantia, pp. 38, 39.
[34] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 3, fol. 311.
[35] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 918, fol. 379.--Martin Real, _ubi sup._
[36] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 3, fol. 314; Lib. 933.
[37] Argensola, Añales de Aragon, Lib. I, cap. 5.--Caruso, Memorie istoriche di Sicilia, T. VI, p. 119.
One of Moncada’s arbitrary acts concerned the Inquisition. In 1517, when the receiver Garcí Cid was settling his accounts, he claimed credit for 700 ounces which he had deposited with a banker in Messina, where Moncada seized it. Cardinal Adrian the inquisitor-general thereupon ordered Inquisitor Cervera to summon the banker to return the money, for the viceroy had express orders from Ferdinand not to meddle with the property of the tribunal. If, however, the banker could prove that Moncada had taken it by force, then Garcí Cid could proceed to collect it from the revenues of the Priorazgo of St. John at Messina, which belonged to Moncada. If the banker could not prove this, he must pay the money and have recourse against the property and revenues of Moncada. Hereafter, Adrian concludes, no one shall dare to take the property of the Inquisition, for the Catholic king ordered that it should be used to purchase rents for the perpetuation of the tribunal.--Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 933.
[38] Argensola, _op. cit._, Lib. I, cap. 5, 34.--Fazelli de Rebus Siculis, Decad., Lib. 10.--La Mantia, pp. 40-42.--Dormer, Añales de Aragon, cap. 2.--P. Mart. Angler. Epistt., 593, 594.--Carta de D. Hugo de Moncada, 22 de Marzo, 1516 (Coleccion de Documentos inéditos, XXIV, 136).
[39] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 74, fol. 16; Lib. 921, fol. 38.
[40] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 9, fol. 39.--Franchina, _op. cit._, pp. 122, 127.
In 1630 Messina appealed to its fidelity on this occasion, when resisting a proposition to divide the island into two viceroyalties.--Razones apologéticas de la noble Ciudad de Mecina, fol. 48 (Madrid, 1630).
[41] La Mantia, p. 42.
[42] Ibidem, pp. 45-6. The autos were:
1519, June 11, 4 men burnt and 1 woman. 1520, July 8, 3 “ “ 2 “ 1521, June 9, 1 “ “ 1524, Aug. 6, 4 “ “ 1 “ 1525, Sept. 29, 1 “ “ 4 “ 1526, Aug. 1, 3 “ “ 1 “ Sept. 16, 1 “ “
A letter of August 19, 1519, from the Suprema to Calvete expresses the highest satisfaction with him and offers him, on his return to Spain, one of the principal tribunals of Castile. In 1529 we find him Inquisitor of Sarogossa.--Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 74, fol. 165; Lib. 76, fol. 183.
Calvete’s earlier years of office were much harassed by a suit brought against him in Rome by Juan de Leon, a canon of Córdova. Prior to 1516, Calvete as provisor of Córdova had prosecuted Leon and some others for rescuing a culprit from an alguazil. Leon nursed his wrath and when in Rome, in 1519, commenced an action against Calvete in the papal courts which caused him so much vexation that he threatened to abandon his post in Sicily and return to Spain. Charles V intervened, writing repeatedly to his ambassadors, to cardinals and to Leon himself, threatening him with the seizure of his temporalities, but the vindictive canon held good and, in 1520, obtained a judgement of 1000 ducats and costs, as Calvete could not go to Rome to defend himself.--Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 6, fol. 74, 75, 78; Lib. 9, fol. 52-54.
[43] La Mantia, p. 43.
[44] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 933. These instructions were probably the result of the report of a _visitador_ or inspector, Juan de Ariola, sent, towards the close of 1513, to investigate the tribunals of Majorca, Sardinia and Sicily.--Ibidem, Lib. 3, fol. 251-4.
[45] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 933 (see Appendix).
[46] Salelles de Materiis Tribunalis S. Inquis., I, 30 (Romæ, 1651).--Franchina, pp. 131-7.
[47] La Mantia, pp. 44-5.--Parecer de Martin Real, _ubi sup._
[48] La Mantia, pp. 47-8.
[49] Páramo, p. 201.
[50] Montoiche, Voyage de Charles-Quint au Pays de Tunis (Gachard, Voyages des Souverains des Pays-bas, III, 378).
[51] Franchina, p. 169.--“Havemos proveydo y mandado que los inquisidores del dicho Reyno no hobiesen de conocer, dentro termino de cinco años, de ninguna cosa que hoviere pena de muerte contra ningun persona natural de dicho Reyno.”--A Latin version is printed by Páramo, p. 204.
The phraseology of the decree would seem to suspend the spiritual as well as the temporal jurisdiction of the tribunal and historians have generally so regarded it. This however is impossible as the former was a delegation from the pope over which the emperor had no control and any attempt to do so would have been equivalent to abolishing the Inquisition, while the auto of 1541 shows that it continued to exercise its spiritual jurisdiction. It assumed however that its capacity to suppress heresy was fatally crippled by depriving its officials of the privilege of its exclusive forum, as expressed in a document quoted by Franchina (p. 69)--“Notandum est quod quando in anno 1535 fuit limitata seu suspensa jurisdictio temporalis hujus Sancti Officii in aliquibus casibus per invictissimum imperatorem Carolum V felicis memoriæ, jurisdictio spiritualis causarum fidei fuit in suspenso et quasi mortua.” So a consulta of the Suprema to Philip III, October 2, 1609, refers to Charles having deprived the Sicilian Inquisition of its temporal jurisdiction, resulting in such recrudescence of heresy that he was obliged to restore it.--Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 927, fol. 323.
Inquisitor Páramo, in a letter of November 8, 1600, to Philip III, states the case to be that Charles was misled by false accounts of the misdeeds of the familiars and deprived them of their immunities but, on being better informed, he restored them.--Ibidem, Lib. 41, fol. 258.
[52] Páramo, pp. 202-3.--Parecer de Martin Real, ubi sup.
[53] Franchina, pp. 149, 159, 163.
[54] Páramo, p. 43. I give the date of 1543 as stated by Páramo, but it is evidently an error for 1516, when the tumult occurred under Cervera.
[55] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 136. The financial mismanagement of the Sicilian tribunal was notorious. In 1560, the Contador-general Zurita states that he had finished auditing its accounts with much labor, as they had not been examined for twenty years and were in much disorder.--Ibidem, fol. 239.
[56] La Mantia, p. 50.
[57] Franchina, pp. 167, 183.--Páramo, p. 204.
[58] Llorente, Historia crítica, cap. XVI, art. ii, n. 5. The date of this affair is not unimportant and has curiously been involved in doubt. As printed by Llorente, the letter of December 16, 1543, is duly signed Prince Philip and is doubtless correctly dated, as Terranova was governor in 1544 (Gervasii Siculæ Sanctiones, I, 295). It is somewhat remarkable that in the Simancas archives (Legajo 1465, fol. 60) there are two letters of Philip II on this affair, one dated from the Escorial, April 24, 1568, to the Sicilian inquisitors and the other to Terranova, dated from Madrid, April 29, 1568. The dates are evidently erroneous for in that year the Marquis of Pescara was viceroy (Gervasii, III, 121). Portocarrero also blunders in the date (_op. cit._, n. 105), placing the affair in 1608. La Mantia moreover says (p. 52) that a MS. copy of a letter of the inquisitors, April 10th, bears a later date. A letter of the Suprema to the inquisitors, prescribing the punishment, is dated December 15th, without indication of the year (Simancas, Lib. 78, fol. 372). It speaks of two familiars tortured, orders Terranova to hear mass in a monastery as a penitent and to pay the sufferers 200 ducats, to which the officials concerned in the affair were to add 100 more.
[59] Franchina, p. 174.
[60] La Mantia, pp. 52-4.--Franchina, p. 188.--Portocarrero, n. 77.
[61] Franchina, pp. 45-53.
[62] La Mantia, pp. 55-6.
[63] La Mantia, pp. 58-9.
[64] Páramo, p. 210.--MSS. of Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 17.
[65] MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 214 fol.--Páramo, p. 212.
[66] Franchina, p. 78.
[67] MSS. of Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 17.
[68] MSS. of Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 17.
[69] Ibidem, _ubi sup._
[70] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 41, fol. 258, 263. In his letter Páramo mentions that not long before two Calvinist missionaries had been sent from Geneva to Sicily; the Inquisition arrested them and their converts and one of the missionaries had been burnt alive, showing the steadfastness of his faith.
[71] Gervasii Siculæ Sanctiones, II, 329 (Panormi, 1751).
[72] La Mantia, pp. 69-70. There is a very vivid account of this affair in a letter to the Suprema from Páramo and his colleagues, written on the evening of August 9th, when they were expecting further ill treatment by the viceroy, whom they characterize in the most unflattering terms.--Bibl. Nacional de Madrid, MSS., Cc, 58, p. 35.
Páramo, in a document of March 8, 1600, had already described him as a declared enemy of the Inquisition.--Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 41, fol. 249.
[73] Portocarrero, _op. cit._, n. 1.--Solorzani de Indiarum Gubernatione, Lib. iii, cap. xxiv, n. 16.--A virtual duplicate of this letter was sent, September 10, 1670, by the Queen-regent Maria Anna of Austria, to the Prince de Ligne, then Viceroy of Sicily.--Mongitore, L’Atto pubblico di Fede de 1724, p. v. (Palermo, 1724).
[74] Biblioteca nacional de Madrid, MSS., D, 118, fol. 134, n. 47.
[75] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Legajo 1465, fol. 35.
[76] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Libro 38, fol. 298.
[77] Consulta Magna de 1696 (Bibl. nacional de Madrid, MSS., Q, 4).
[78] Alberghini, Manuale Qualificatorum, p. 171 (Cæsaraugustæ, 1671).
[79] La Mantia, pp. 79-86.
[80] Franchina, pp. 100, 101.
[81] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 21, fol. 252; Lib. 23, fol. 62, 119; Lib. 38, fol. 245, 298.
[82] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Legajo 13, n. 2, fol. 157. Cozio’s salary in Valencia commenced with May 1st, as he had received in Palermo the advanced _tercio_ of January 1st.
[83] La Mantia, p. 92.--Franchina, p. 38.--Mongitore, L’Atto pubblico di Fede celebrato à 6 Aprile, 1724 (Palermo, 1724). This work of Mongitore was reprinted in 1868, when the editor F. Guidicini mentions in the Preface that on March 9th of that year a petition was presented to the Italian Chamber of Deputies, from a Palermitan family, begging the remission of a yearly payment to the royal domain, imposed on them by the Inquisition to defray the expenses of the trial of their kinswoman, the Sister Geltruda, burnt in 1724.
It was probably the celebration of this auto that inspired an anonymous writer to denounce the inquisitorial procedure in a little work entitled “Le prove praticate nelli tempi presenti dagl’ Inquisitori di Fede sono manchevole.” This was answered by Doctor Don Miguel Monge, a professor in the University of Huesca in “La verdadera Practica Apostolica de el S. Tribunal de la Inquisicion” (Palermo, 1725). He seems in this to consider all criticism sufficiently answered by demonstrating that the practices complained of are in accordance with the papal instructions. The work illustrates the anomalous position of the Sicilian Inquisition at the period. It is written by a Spaniard, printed in both Spanish and Italian, dated in Vienna and dedicated to Don Ramon de Villana Perlas, a Catalan member of the Imperial Council of State.
[84] Franchina, pp. 44, 55.
[85] Gervasii Siculæ Sanctiones, II, 333-50.
[86] Ibidem, I, 277-81.
[87] La Mantia, p. 103.--Franchina, pp. 201, 206.
[88] Gervasii, _op. cit._, I, 286; II, 352.
[89] La Mantia, pp. 108 sqq.
[90] Franchina, p. 43.
[91] Acta Historico-Ecclesiastica nostri temporis, T. IX, p. 74 (Weimar, 1783).
[92] Salelles de Materiis Tribunalium Inquisit., I, 43.
[93] Llorente, Hist. crit., cap. XIII, art. ii, n. 9.
[94] Salelles, I, 47-50.
[95] Salelles, I, 53-62.
[96] Parecer de Martin Real, _ubi sup._
[97] Llorente, Hist. crit., cap. XVII, art. ii, n. 10.
[98] A Brief History of the Voyage of Katharine Evans and Sarah Cheevers to the Island of Malta and their Cruel Sufferings there for near Four Years. London, 1715.
[99] History of the Inquisition of the Middle Ages, II, 268.
[100] Itinerarium Beniamini Tudelens., pp. 21-5 (Antverpiæ, 1575).
[101] Wadding, Annal. Minorum, T. III, Regesta, p. 392; ann. 1447, n. 10.
[102] Ripoll Bullar. Ord. FF. Prædic., II, 689.
[103] Zurita, Hist. del Rey Hernando, Lib. v, cap. lxx.
[104] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Libro I. An episode of this business concerned one Nofre Pelayo, a merchant of Valencia, who was arrested on the charge of concealing some of Pantolosa’s property. On January 15, 1498, Ferdinand warmly praised the inquisitor for this
## action but he speedily changed his mind and, on March 6th, scolded him
for keeping Pelayo in prison and refusing to admit him to bail. It seems that he had in his hands two hundred and fifty ducats, supposed to belong to Pantolosa, but the sum was claimed by Miguel de Fluto, who luckily was a kinsman of the Neapolitan ambassador; the latter induced his master to write on the subject to Ferdinand who, on March 19, 1499, ordered the sum to be paid to the ambassador’s order.--Ibidem.
These transactions are worth noting as an illustration of the destructive influence on commerce of the methods of confiscation.
[105] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. I.
[106] Amabile (Il Santo Officio in Napoli, I, 93) assures us that there is no trace of such a condition expressed in the documents, but undoubtedly some compact of the kind must have been made. This is evident from the fact that when, in 1504, Ferdinand and Isabella resolved to introduce the Inquisition they formally released Gonsalvo from the obligation, giving as a reason that no Catholic was required to observe obligations in derogation of the faith--“non obstantibus in præmissis aut aliquo præmissorum quibusvis pactis, conventionibus aut capitulationibus per vos præfatum illustrem ducem aut alium quemcunque, nomine nostro vel vestro in deditione civitatis Neapolis aut alias quandocunque factis, conventis aut juratis, cum ea quæ contra fidem faciunt nullo pacto a Catholicis observanda sunt, quinimmo easdem si tales sunt quæ prædictis aliquatenus obviare censeantur cum præsentibus quoad hæc revocamus, taxamus, annullamus et irritamus, pro cassisque, irritis ac nullis nulliusque roboris seu momenti haberi volumus et habemus, cæteris autem ad hæc non tangentibus in suo robore permanentibus.”--Páramo, De Origine Officii S. Inquisit., p. 192.
This is repeated more concisely in another personal letter to Gonsalvo of the same date.--Ibidem, p. 193.
[107] Amabile, I, 101. When Charles of Anjou introduced the Inquisition he took the confiscations, as was customary in France, and paid the expenses, but in 1290 his son, Charles the Lame, divided the proceeds into thirds, one for the fisc, one for the Inquisition and one for the propagation of the faith, a rule which probably became permanent.--Hist. of Inquisition of Middle Ages, I, 511-12.
[108] Chioccarello MSS., T. VIII. This is a well-known collection of documents from the Neapolitan archives, made in the seventeenth century by Bartolommeo Chioccarello, which has never been printed. The eighth volume is devoted to the Inquisition.
[109] Zurita, Hist. del Rey Hernando, Lib. v, cap. lxx. Benevento was a papal enclave in Neapolitan territory.
[110] Páramo, pp. 191-4.
[111] Páramo, _loc. cit._
[112] Ferrarelli, Tiberio Caraffa e la Congiura di Macchia, p. 8 (Napoli, 1884).--MSS. of Library of Univ. of Halle, Ye, T. XVII.
[113] Chioccarello MSS., T. VIII.
[114] Amabile, I, 97.
[115] Chioccarello MSS., T. VIII. (see Appendix).
[116] Zurita, _op. cit._, Lib. ix, cap. xxiv.
[117] A royal cédula of September 3, 1509, to Matheo de Morrano, appointed as receiver, orders him to pay the following salaries, to commence from the date of leaving home for the journey. The sums are in gold ducats:
Ayuda Salary. de costa. The Bishop of Cefalù, inquisitor, 300 200 Dr. Andrés de Palacios, inquisitor, 300 100 Dr. Melchior, judge of confiscations, 100 Matheo de Morrano, receiver, 300 150 Joan de Moros, alguazil, 200 60 Dr. Diego de Bonilla, procurador fiscal, 200 50 Miguel de Asiz, notary of secreto and court of confiscations, 100 50 Joan de Villena, notary of secreto, 100 50 abriel de Fet, notary of sequestrations, 100 A gaoler, 54 15 Johan de Vergara, messenger, 30 10 Juan Vazquez, messenger, 30 10 ---- ---- 1814 695
Palacios was paid eight months’ salary in advance by the receiver of Barcelona.--Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. III, fol. 1, 52.
[118] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. III, fol. 2-11.
[119] Tristani Caraccioli, Epist. de Inquisitione (Muratori, S. R. I., T. XXII, p. 97).--Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 3, fol. 68, 74.--Amabile, I, 101-18.--Zurita, Hist. del Rey Hernando, Lib. ix, cap. xxvi.--Spondani Annal. Eccles., ann. 1510, n. 13.
The formula withdrawing the Inquisition was “Havendo el Rey nostro Signore cogniosciuto la antiqua observancia e religione de la fidelissima Cita di napoli et de tucto questo regno verso la santa fe catholica sua Altezza ha mandato et ordinato levarese la inquisicione da dicta Cita et de tucto il regno predicto per lo bene vivere universale de tucti; et ultra questo su Altezza ha mandato publicare le infrascripte pragmatiche, dato in castello nova, napoli 22 novembre, 1510.”--Amabile, p. 118.
In Ferdinand’s letter books there is nothing further respecting the Neapolitan troubles until May 27, 1511, he writes to Diego de Obregon, the receiver of Sicily, that the Bishop of Cefalù returns there by his orders and, in view of his sufferings for the Inquisition his salary must be paid. Yet he died without receiving it and, on February 16, 1514, Ferdinand ordered Obregon to pay the arrears to Mariano de Acardo, in reward for certain services rendered, but this was still unpaid in January of the following year. As for Andrés Palacios, a cédula of June 6, 1511, recognized him as inquisitor of Valencia, with salary dating back to January 1st and an ayuda de costa of a hundred ducats.--Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 3, fol. 145, 146, 280, 313.
[120] Ibidem, Lib. 3, fol. 238, 239.
[121] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 3, fol. 238, 239, 260, 261, 292, 295, 316, 317, 350.
[122] Amabile, I, 119-20.
[123] Giacinto de’ Mari, Riflessioni ... in difesa della Cittá e Regno di Napoli (MS. _penes me_).
[124] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 78, fol. 39.
[125] Chronicle of Rabbi Joseph ben Joshua ben Meir (Bialloblotsky’s Translation, II, 318-19).--Parrino, Teatro de’ Vicere, I, 175 (Napoli, 1730).
[126] Caballero, Alonso y Juan de Valdés, pp. 182 sqq. (Madrid, 1875).
[127] See Karl Benrath in _Historisches Taschenbuch_, 1885, p. 172; also his _Bernardino Ochino von Siena_, Leipzig, 1875.--Manzoni, Estratto del Processo di Pietro Carnesecchi, Torino, 1870.
[128] Le Cento e dieci divine Considerationi del S. Giovãni Valdesso: nelle quali si ragiona delle cose piu utili, piu necessarie e piu perfette, della Christiana professione. In Basilea, M.D.L.
“Ingannati principalmente della superstitione e falsa religione ci fanno relatione che Dio è tanto delicato e sensitivo che per qualunque cosa si offende: che è tanto vendicativo che tutte le offese castiga: che è tanto crudele che le castiga con pena eterna: che è tanto inhumano che si gode che trattiamo male nostre persone, in fino allo sparger il nostro propio sangre, il quale egli ci ha dato: e che ci priviamo delle nostre facoltà, le quale egli ci ha dato, accio che con esse si manteniamo nella presente vita: che si gode che andiamo nudi e scalzi, continuamente patendo; che è vano e li piacciono li presenti e che gode di haver oro e belli parimenti, ed in somma che si diletta di tutte le cose delle quali un Tiranno si diletta; e si gode di haver da coloro che li sono soggetti.”--Consid. XXXVII.
This edition of Basle, 1550, is the original from which the numerous translations have been made. For the bibliography, see Böhmer, _Bibliotheca Wiffeniana_, I, 124-29 (Strassburg, 1874). Also, Wiffen and Betts, “Life and Writings of Juan de Valdés,” London, 1865.
Antonio Caracciolo styles Valdés “capo e maestro” of the Neapolitan heretics, who gave the Roman Inquisition early occasion to demonstrate its usefulness.
[129] Manuel Serrano y Sanz (Revista de Archivos etc., Febrero, 1903, p. 129).
[130] “Con questa risolutione condanna l’uomo il giudicio della prudentia e della ragione humana e renuncia il suo lume naturale ed entra nel regno di Dio, remettendosi al reggimento ed al governo di Dio.”--Ibidem, Consid. XXV.
[131] Lac Spirituale Johannis de Valdés. Ed. Koldewey, Heilbronn, 1863.
[132] Trataditos de Juan de Valdés, p. 179 (Bonn, 1880).
The germ of much of this tract may be found in the _Militiæ Christianæ Enchiridion_, Canon 5, in which Erasmus dwells on the worthlessness of external observances and stigmatizes the importance attached to them as a kind of new Judaism. Yet the _Enchiridion_ was repeatedly reprinted after its first appearance, in 1502, and was approved by Adrian of Utrecht, subsequently Adrian VI.
[133] Giannone, Istoria civile del Regno di Napoli, Lib. XXII, cap. v, § 1 (Haya, 1753).
[134] Chioccarelli Antistitum Neapol. Eccles. Catalogus, p. 321 (Neapoli, 1642).
On the death of Carafa in 1544, Paul III gave the see to his own nephew, Rainuccio Farnese, a boy of fifteen. It was then administered through vicars, the one at the time of the troubles of 1547 being Fabio Mirto, Bishop of Cajazzo.--Ibidem, p. 326.
[135] Bullar Roman. I, 762.
[136] Amabile, I, 193-6. It would seem that, at this time, the Holy See claimed inquisitorial jurisdiction over Naples, for a papal brief of June 2, 1544 orders the viceroy to arrest and send under sure guard to Rome, Vespasiano di Agnone, a wandering Franciscan friar, guilty of sacrilege and other enormous crimes.--Fontana, Documenti Vaticani, p. 131 (Roma, 1892).
[137] Antonio Caracciolo, in his MS. life of Paul IV, of which an extract is printed by Bernino (Historia di tutte l’Heresie, IV, 496) informs us that Cardinal Giovanni Piero Carafa, the head of the Roman Inquisition and afterwards Paul IV, did not want the Spanish Inquisition introduced in Naples because it was more subject to the crown than to the Holy See and the king took the confiscations.
[138] For most of these details I am indebted to a MS. account by Antonio Castaldo, a notary who was intimate with all the leaders in these events. He was a devoted subject of Charles V and considered himself most fortunate in having been born in his time. He warmly praises the emperor’s clemency towards the city. Amabile’s elaborate narrative (I, 196-211) furnishes additional facts and Döllinger (Beiträge zur Polit.-, Kirch.-u. Cultur-Geschichte, I, 78-124) gives Mendoza’s correspondence. See also Giannone, Ist. Civile, Lib. XXXII, cap. v, § 1.--Páramo, pp. 194-5.--Natalis Comitis Historiar., Lib. II, pp. 35, 52 (Argentorati, 1612).--Pallavicini, Hist. Concil. Trident., Lib. X, cap. i, n. 4.--Collenucio da Pesaro, Compendio dell’ Historia del Regno di Napoli, II, 184 (Napoli, 1563).--Campana, La Vita di Don Filippo Secondo, P. I, fol. 7 sqq. (Vicenza, 1608).
The narrative of Uberto Foglietta (Tumultus Neapolitani sub Petro Toleto Prorege), though he was a contemporary who tells us that he visited Naples for the purpose of ascertaining the facts, is a confused and turgid piece of rhetoric, of no historical value.
[139] Julii PP. III, Bull _Licet a diversis_, 18 Mart., 1551 (Bullar. Roman. I, 799).
[140] Chioccarello, Antistitum Eccles. Neap. Catalogus, pp. 331-2. Carafa was hostile to Spain and, on his elevation to the papacy as Paul IV, in 1555, he declared the throne of Naples vacant and fallen to the Holy See. He made an alliance with France but, in the ensuing war, he was speedily brought to terms by Alba. He retained the Neapolitan archiepiscopate for some time, doubtless in the hope of causing trouble there.
[141] Chioccarello MSS., T. VIII.
[142] Amabile, I, 214. Rebiba was promoted to the cardinalate shortly after the accession of Paul IV.
[143] Chioccarello MSS., T. VIII.
[144] Amabile, I, 218.--Fontana, Documenti Vaticani contro l’Eresia luterana in Italia, p. 178 (Roma, 1892).
[145] Perrin, Histoire des Vaudois, chap. VII (Genève, 1618).--Amabile, I, 236-9.--Lombard, Jean-Louis Paschale et les Martyrs de Calabre (Paris, 1881).--Filippo de’ Boni, L’Inquisizone e i Calabro-Valdese (Milano, 1864).
[146] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 79, fol. 135.
[147] Scipione Lentolo, Historia delle grandi e crudeli Persecutioni fatte ai tempi nostri. Edita da Teofilo Gay, pp. 227, 314 (Torre Pellice, 1906).
[148] Ibidem, pp. 251, 260
[149] Chioccarello MSS., T. VIII.
[150] Lentolo, pp. 228-41.--Gerdes, Specimen Italiæ Reformatæ, p. 134 (Lugd. Bat., 1765).--Amabile, I, pp. 248-9.
[151] Amabile, I, 250, 253.--Lentolo, p. 245.
[152] Lentolo, p. 244. This rests wholly on the authority of Lentolo and probably applied only to orphans. It was a practice derived from Spain.
[153] Amabile, I, 256.
[154] Lombard, _op. cit._, p. 105.
[155] Amabile, I, 257.
[156] Chioccarello MSS., Tom. VIII.--Amabile, I, 256.
[157] Collenuccio, Historia del Regno de Napoli, II, 329^{b} (Napoli, 1563).
The process of confiscation seems to have been protracted. A vice-regal letter of January 29, 1569, states that all the proceeds had not yet been sold and orders that the matter be closed and the money be paid into the treasury.--Chioccarello MSS., T. VIII.
From a transaction in 1572 it appears that when Neapolitans were burnt in Rome, notice was sent to the viceroy in order that he might seize their confiscated estates. At the same time a statement was presented of their prison expenses, which were reimbursed to the Congregation of the Inquisition out of the proceeds.--Ibidem.
[158] Lombard, _op. cit._, p. 107.
[159] Decret. Sac. Congr. S. Officii, p. 221 (R. Archivio di Stato in Roma, Fondo Camerale, Congr. del S. Offizio, Vol. 3).
[160] Amabile I, 259.
[161] Ibidem, p. 258.
[162] Pallavicini, Hist. Concil. Trident., Lib. XXII, cap. viii, § 2.--Al nostro Santissimo Padre Innocenzio XII intorno al Procedimento nelle cause che si trattano nel Tribunale del S. Officio (MS. _penes me_).--Discorso del Dottore Angelo Gioccatano (Gaetano Agela), MS. _penes me_.--MSS. of Royal Library of Munich, Cod. Ital., 209, fol. 117-18.--Chioccarello MSS., T. VIII (see Appendix).
[163] Chioccarello MSS., T. VIII.
[164] “Delle sante dimostrazioni contro gli eretici ed Ebrei, e supplicando che voglia esser servito di far intendere à sua Beatitudine la commune sodisfazione che tiene tutta la città che questa sorte di persone siano del tutto castigate ed estirpate per mano del nostro ordinario come si conviene como sempre averno supplicato, giusta la forma delli canoni e senza interposizione di corte secolare, ma santamente procedano nelle cose della religione tantum.”--Giacinto de’ Mori, Scritture e Motivi dati a’ Signori Deputati di Napoli (MS. _penes me_).
[165] Relazioni Venete, Serie II, T. II, p. 273.
[166] Amabile, I, 312-16.
[167] Chioccarello MSS., T. VIII.
[168] In 1597 the Venetian envoy Girolamo Ramusio alludes to the case of the Baron of Castellanetta, excommunicated by his bishop and summoned to Rome; also to that of Mastrillo, fiscal of the Vicaria, who sold a quantity of grain belonging to the Abbey of S. Leonardo which was held by Cardinal Gaetano, in consequence of which he was cited to Rome. In both cases the court intervened and prevented obedience for the reason that, if a precedent was established of allowing those cited by Rome to go, the principal royal ministers could be summoned and forced to go.--Relazioni Venete, Appendice, p. 310.
[169] Relazioni Venete, Appendice, p. 312.
[170] Pii Quinti Epistt., Lib. I, Ep. vi (Antverpiæ, 1640).
[171] Chioccarello MSS., T. VIII.
Failing in this Cardinal Ghislieri, then at the head of the Roman Inquisition, wrote in November to Viceroy Alcalá asking that Vico be sent or be placed under bonds to present himself. To this, in April, 1565, the viceroy assented, requiring Vico to give security in 10,000 ducats to that effect; he was already in prison and condemned to banishment on complaint of his vassals; he duly went to Rome and was sentenced to compurgation and penance.--Amabile, I, 286.
[172] Chioccarello, _ubi sup._
[173] Chioccarello MSS., T. VIII (see Appendix).
[174] Ibidem.
[175] Chioccarello MSS., T. VIII.
[176] Escritos de Santa Teresa, T. II, pp. 457, 463 (Madrid, 1869). Cf. Amabile, I, 229-30.
In 1588 we find the Congregation of the Inquisition scolding the nuncio at Naples for refusing to pay the expenses of this transportation, as his predecessors had always done.--Decret. Sac. Congr. S. Officii, p. 192 (Bibl. del R. Archivio di Stato in Roma, Fondo Camerale, Congr. del S. Offizio, Vol 3).
[177] Amabile, I, 332.--Relazioni Venete, Serie II, T. V, p. 471.
[178] Bibliothèque Nationale de France, fonds latin, 8994, fol. 252.
Possibly this may be partially explained by the fact that heresy was a case reserved to the Holy See, the absolution for which in the _forum internum_ required a special licence (cap. 3, Extrav. Commun., Lib. V, Tit. ix). But in the _forum externum_ the episcopal jurisdiction over heresy was in no way curtailed by the existence of the Inquisition (Benedicti PP. XIV de Synodo diœcesana, Lib. IX, cap. iv, n. 3). This was fully admitted by the Roman Inquisition (Decret. S. Congr. S. Officii, pp. 174-5, 177, 266-8, 272-3 ap. R. Archivio di Stato in Roma, Fondo Camerale, Congr. del S. Offizio, Vol. 3).
[179] Amabile, Fra Tommaso Campanella, II, 120-1 (Napoli, 1882).
[180] Chioccarello MSS., T. VIII.
[181] Ibidem.
[182] Chioccarello MSS., T. VIII.--Amabile, Inquisizione in Napoli, II, 35.
[183] Amabile, II, 35-6.
[184] Ibidem, II, 37-9.
[185] These feelings are warmly but respectfully expressed in a memorial addressed to Innocent XII (1691-1700), by Giuseppe Valletta, an advocate of Naples, in support of envoys sent to negotiate with him (MS. _penes me_).
It is difficult for us to estimate the horror which, as the inquisitors boasted, the Holy Office cast over the population. They relate with pride that in Spain men cited to appear, even on matters not pertaining to the faith, but ignorant of the cause, were known to take to their beds and die of sheer terror. How much greater, then, they ask, must be the horror of those accused, suddenly arrested and cast into the strictest and most secret prison, not to mention what followed?--“Sola simplici vocatione alicujus inquisitoris in Hispania, ait Morillus citatus, per aliquem ejus ministrum, ad negotium forte particulare non pertinens ad Inquisitionem Fidei, absque eo quod vocati sciant ad quid vocentur, adeo perterrefieri homines soleant, ut aliquibus statim necessario decumbere et præ nimio dolore febri superveniente emori contigerit. At quid in casibus ubi datur præventio per accusationem aut denuntiationem et agitur de repentina captura et de carceratione rigidissima ac secretissima, ut taceam de aliis quæ hanc consequuntur, quanto magis perterrefiant capti et carcerati? quanto maiori horrore afficientur?”--Salelles, De Materiis Tribunalium S. Inquisitionis, Proleg. IV, n. 8 (Romæ, 1651).
[186] Capasso, Ragionamenti ad istanza degl’ Ecc^{mi} Sig^{ri} della Città di Napoli (MS. _penes me_).
[187] Pietro de Fusco, Per la fidelissima Città di Napoli, negli affari della Santa Inquisizione (MS. _penes me_).--Amabile, II, 41-52.--Giannone, Lib. XXXII, cap. 5.
Pietro de Fusco tells us that confiscations were not infrequently released, as they were in 1587 to the children of Francesco di Aloes di Caserta and to the heirs of Bernardino Gargano d’Aversa, although they died as impenitent heretics.
[188] MSS. of Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, Tom. XVII.--Amabile, II, 54-58.--MSS. of Royal Library of Munich, Cod. Ital., 189, fol. 327; 209, fol. 111-138.
[189] Amabile, II, 59-72; Append., 68, 71.
[190] Acampora, Ragioni a pro della Fidelissima Città di Napoli (Napoli, 1709).
[191] Amabile, II, 74-80.--Acampora, _op. cit._
[192] Ragionamenti del Sig. D. Niccolò Capasso colli quali ad istanza degl’ Ecc^{mi} Sig^{ri} della Città di Napoli prova non doversi ricevere in questo Religiosissimo Regno l’odioso Tribunale dell’ Inquisizione.
I am not aware that this work has ever been printed, but it must have had a considerable circulation in MS. I have three copies, of which one is a Latin version. In one of them the prefatory address to the Deputati is dated December 3, 1711, which fixes the time of its composition. The other copies were made respectively in 1715 and 1717, indicating that it continued to be referred to.
[193] Amabile, II, 81-3.
[194] Amabile, II, 84-5.--Consulta dalla Real Camera de S. Chiara alla Maestà del Re per il Santo Uffizio, Dec. 19, 1746 (MS. _penes me_).
[195] Consulta dalla Real Camera de S. Chiara alla Maestà del Re per il Santo Uffizio (MS. _penes me_).
That the Neapolitan Government was not actuated by any tenderness towards heresy is manifested in a singular transaction of the period detailed in a letter of which I have copy, of July 11, 1746, from Edward Allen, the British Consul, to the Marchese Fogliani--apparently the foreign secretary. An English girl of 13, named Ellen Bowes, was forcibly abducted from her father’s house, after surrounding it with about a hundred armed men. Against this outrage the consul protested as a violation of the privileges of the English nation, to which Fogliani replied, explaining the reasons which had led the king to do this and what was proposed to do with the child. Apparently she had expressed an intention to join the Catholic Church and had been taken so as to secure her conversion. Allen rejoined in a long argumentative letter and, although he pointed out that a child of such tender age could have no conception of the different religions, he felt himself obliged to disavow asking her return to her parents and limited his request to having her delivered to some one of the English nation, where she could be examined as to her motives. What was the issue of the affair does not appear from the paper in my possession, but evidently the king, after taking such a step and justifying it, could not well retreat.
[196] Lettera circolare del Marchese Fraggiani, Napoli, 1761.--Beccatini, Istoria della Inquisizione, pp. 372-77, 382 (Milano, 1797).--Amabile, _op. cit._, II, 104-5; Appendice, 80.
[197] Supplica al Re nostro Signore de’ Deputati por opporsi ai pregindizj del S. Officio. _Sine nota_ sed Napoli, 1764.--Le Bret, Magazin zum Gebrauch der Staaten-und Kirchengeschichte, III, 160 (Frankfurt, 1773).
[198] Páramo, p. 219.
[199] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 1. The salaries are as follows:
Gabriel de Cardona, inquisitor, from the date of his embarcation 150 ducats. Bartolomé de Castro, assessor 50 “ An alguazil, with charge of prison, to be selected by Carmona 20 “ Bernat Ros, notario del secreto y de los secuestros } the salaries Yourself } heretofore paid.
[200] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 1.
[201] Páramo, pp. 220-222. For the Valencia experience of Domingo de Santa Cruz, see History of the Inquisition of Spain, Vol. I, p. 242.
[202] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Libro 1.
[203] Ibidem. Páramo (p. 223) calls the appointee Magister Farris, subsequently created Bishop of Bonebolla--a see subsequently merged into that of Cagliari. There is no reference in Gams’s _Series Episcoporum_ to such a bishopric in Sardinia. Páramo interposes a Nicolas Vaguer as inquisitor, from 1498 to 1500, which is evidently a mistake.
[204] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 1.
[205] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 1; Lib. 2, fol. 1.
[206] Ibidem. Lib. 1.
[207] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 3, fol. 184, 185.
[208] Ibidem, fol. 306, 307, 308. The salaries ordered were:
The Bishop of Alghero, inquisitor 100 libras. Micer Pedro de Contreras, advocate 30 “ Luis de Torres, alguazil 30 “ An escribano for both secreto and secuestros 30 “ A portero and nuncio 10 “ Bernat Ros, receiver 100 “ Mossen Alonso de Ximeno, fiscal 30 “
It is observable that no salary is provided for Canon Aragall, the other inquisitor (see Appendix).
[209] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 3, fol. 321, 348, 349, 351.
[210] Ibidem, fol. 366; Lib. 75, fol. 40.
[211] Ibidem, Lib. 940; fol. 36.
[212] Ibidem, Lib. 78, fol. 304.
[213] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 136.
[214] Ibidem, Lib. 940, fol. 44.
[215] Ibidem, fol. 44, 45.
[216] Biblioteca nacional de Madrid, MSS., D, 118, fol. 179, n. 55.
[217] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 19, fol. 100.
[218] Biblioteca nacional, _loc. cit._, fol. 124, n. 44.
[219] Fontana, Documenti Vaticani, pp. 100, 110, 169.
[220] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 208.
[221] Manno, Storia di Sardegna, II, 189-90 (Milano, 1835).
[222] Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. III, fol. 594 (Archivo hist. nacional).
[223] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 13, fol. 28; Lib. 20, fol. 208; Lib. 21, fol. 240; Libros 56, 57, 918.
[224] La Martinière, Le Grand Dictionnaire Geographique et Critique, IX, 237 (Venise, 1737).
[225] Sclopis, Antica Legislazione del Piemonte, p. 484 (Torino, 1833).
[226] Le Bret, Magazin zum Gebrauch der Staaten-und Kirchengeschichte, 5 Theil, p. 547 (Frankfurt, 1776).
[227] Fontana, Documenti Vaticani contro l’Eresia Luterana, p. 87.--Raynald. Annal., ann. 1536, n. 45.
The greed of the curia in grasping at all attainable rich preferment was a fruitful source of neglect and gave opportunity for heresy to flourish. Cardinal Ippolito d’Este, who was archbishop of Milan from 1520 to 1550, during the whole of that time never entered the city.--Gams, Series Episcoporum, p. 797.
[228] Catena, Vita del Papa Pio Quinto, pp. 6-8, 17 (Roma, 1587).
Two somewhat similar cases show that the Venetian territory was equally infected and equally indifferent (Ibidem, pp. 9, 10). One of these likewise exhibits Ghislieri’s implacable persistence. Vittore Soranzo, Bishop of Brescia, was overcurious in reading heretic books. Ghislieri was sent to make a secret investigation and, on his report, Soranzo was summoned to Rome and confined in the castle of Sant’ Angelo for two years. Nothing was proved against him; he was released and returned to his see, where he continued to perform his functions until 1558. In 1557 Ghislieri was promoted to the cardinalate and, in 1558, Paul IV created for him the office of supreme inquisitor--an office which he was careful not to perpetuate after he became Pius V. He had not forgotten his failure to convict Soranzo. In April, 1558, Paul IV, in public consistory, deprived of his office the unfortunate bishop, who retired to Venice and speedily died of grief.--Catena, pp. 13, 15.--Ughelli, Italia Sacra, T. IV, pp. 695-701.
[229] Cesare Cantù, Eretici d’Italia, III, 34-7.
[230] Fontana, Documenti Vaticani, pp. 174, 184.
[231] MSS. of Ambrosian Library, Tom. 9, F. 45, Parte Inferiore, Lettera 92.
[232] Ibidem, Tom. 51, F. 101, P. Inf., Lett. 107.
[233] MSS. of Ambrosian Library, Tom. 53, F. 103, P. Inf., Lett. 42, 43, 44, 45, 77, 97.
[234] Muratori, Annali d’Italia, ann. 1563.--De Thou, Hist., Lib. XXXVI.
[235] Lettere del Archivescovo Calini (Baluz. et Mansi Miscell., IV, 329).
[236] Salomoni, Memorie Storico-Diplomatiche, p. 159 (Milano, 1806).
[237] MSS. of Ambrosian Library, Tom. 23, F. 73, P. Inf. Lett. 47.
[238] Ibidem, Tom. 53, F. 103, P. Inf. Lett. 176.
[239] Archivio civico-storico à S. Carpofaro, Armario A, Filza VII, n. 43.
[240] Lettere del Nunzio Visconti, n. 67, 68 (Baluz. et Mansi, Miscell., III, 491-2).--Pallavicini, Hist. Concil. Trident., Lib. XXII, cap. viii, n. 2-4.
[241] Archivio civico-storico à S. Carpofaro, Armario A, Filza VII, n. 40 (see Appendix).
[242] MSS. of Ambrosian Library, Tom. 54, F. 104, P. Inf. Lett. 48.
[243] MSS. of Ambrosian Library, Tom. 56, F. 106, P. Inf. Lett. 211.
[244] Beccatini, Istoria dell’ Inquisizione, p. 178.
[245] Acta Eccles. Mediolanens., I, 471 (Mediolani, 1843).
[246] MSS. of Ambrosian Library, H. S. VI, 29.--See Appendix.
[247] Ibidem, Tom. 54, Vol. 68, F, 104, P. Inf. Lett. 63, 147, 163; Tom. 55, F, 105, Lett. 250.
[248] Ibidem, C. 185, P. Inf. Carta 14.
[249] MSS. of Ambrosian Library, Tom. 44, F, 94, P. Inf. Lett. 72; Tom. 56, F, 106, Lett. 51, 206, 211.
Brescia formed part of the Venitian territory, in which these weekly conferences of the secular and inquisitorial powers were prescribed. When the Inquisition was founded in the thirteenth century, Venice refused it admission, but in 1249 it organized a kind of secular tribunal against heresy, known as the _tre Savi dell’ eresia_ or _Assistenti_. At length, in 1289 it admitted an inquisitor, but adjoined to him the Assistenti, who were not to partake in the judgements but to see that he did not overstep his proper functions and to lend when necessary the aid of the secular arm. As the mainland territory of the Republic increased and the reorganized papal Inquisition appointed its delegates in the cities, the Signoria in 1548 provided that the _rettori_ or other magistrates in each place should coöperate with the inquisitor and bishop as _assistenti_. Rome took umbrage at this and a prolonged negotiation ensued, which ended with the _assistenti_ being accepted, with the understanding that they were to have a consultative but not a decisive vote. This gave the Signoria power to curb excesses and to save the people from being harassed with inquisitorial prosecutions for trifling cases of sorcery, bigamy, etc., which were so bitterly complained of elsewhere. If we may believe Páramo, when Philip failed to inflict the Spanish Inquisition on Milan, Pius V sought to introduce one of the same kind in Venice, but the proposition produced so alarming a popular excitement that the Signoria prevailed upon him to abandon the attempt, promising at the same time to exercise the greatest vigilance in the suppression of heresy.--Vettor Sandi, Principj di Storia Civile della Repubblica di Venezia, Lib. X, cap. iii, art. 3 (Venizia, 1756).--Albizzi, Riposta all’ Historia della Sacra Inquisitione del R. P. Paolo Servita, pp. 40-58 (Ed. II, _s. l. e. d._).--Páramo de Orig. Off. S. Inquis., p. 266.--Natalis Comitis Historiar., Lib. XIV, ann. 1564.
[250] See Appendix for a decree of Pius V, issued within a few months of his accession.
[251] See Appendix.
[252] Bzovii Annales, ann. 1566, n. 88. This may very probably have been the occasion of the decree just referred to.
Yet the duke, in 1567, offered no opposition when Pius V ordered him to send to Rome for trial the canon Ceruti, who, in 1569, was condemned to the galleys for life. He could not have been a Protestant for his chief heresy was the denial of immortality. The intercession of the duke however, in 1572, procured his liberation and permission to keep his house in Mantua as a prison.--Bertolotti, Martiri del Libero Pensiero, pp. 43-5 (Roma, 1891).
[253] MSS. of Ambrosian Library, Tom. 5, F, 41, and F, 177, P. Inf.
Catena relates (Vita di Pio V, p. 157) that an heretical preacher of Morbegno in the Valtelline, named Francesco Cellaria was accustomed to visit Mantua secretly as a missionary, where he had relations with some of the nobles. To put an end to this, Pius sent in disguise the Dominican Piero Angelo Casannova to the Valtelline with instructions for his capture. With a band of eight men Casannova kidnapped him at Bocca d’Adda, as he was returning from Coire to Morbegno, hurried him to Piacenza whence Duke Ottavio Farnese transmitted him to Rome. There he was condemned to be burnt alive but at the last moment he weakened and recanted, so that he was strangled before burning. He had been forced to name his accomplices in Mantua and other cities, and immediate steps were taken for securing them. The Grisons complained loudly of this invasion of their territory, but the Duke of Alburquerque, then Governor of Milan (1564-71), replied that the papal jurisdiction over heresy was supreme in all lands.
[254] MSS. of Ambrosian Library, Tom. 56, F, 106, P. Inf. Lett. 140.
[255] Acta Eccles. Mediolanens. I, 67, 469.
[256] Decreta Sac. Congr. Sti. Officii, pp. 217-20 (R. Archivio di Stato in Roma, Fondo Camerale, Congr. del S. Offizio, Vol. 3).
Under Venetian rule when, in 1579, the inquisitor at Treviso was about to publish an edict prohibiting departure for heretic lands without his licence, the podestà and captain of the city prevented it, for which they were praised by the Signoria and similarly the rettore of Bergamo was rebuked for permitting it.--Cecchetti, La República di Venezia e la Corte di Roma, I, 23 (Venezia, 1874).
Fra Paolo tells us that in 1595 Clement VII issued a decree forbidding any Italian to visit a place where there was not a Catholic church and pastor, without a licence from the inquisitors. The result of this was that traders returning from heretic lands were watched, reports were sent to Rome and they were publicly cited to appear there. The transalpine countries took offence at this and then the public citations were made at the residence of the parties. Venice sought to diminish the evil effect of this on commerce by forbidding public citations in such cases.--Sarpi, Historia dell’ Inquisizione, p. 77 (Serravalle, 1638).
Simply trading with heretics, sending to or receiving from them merchandise, money or letters constituted fautorship of heresy and subjected the trader to the jurisdiction of the Inquisition.--Masini, Sacro Arsenale overo Prattica dell’ Officio della S. Inquisizione, Roma, 1639, p. 16.
[257] MSS. of Ambrosian Library, H. S. VI, 29.--Le Bret, Magazin zum Gebrauch der Staaten-und Kirchengeschichte, Sechste Theil, 101 (Frankfurt, 1777).
During the 18th century the powers of the Inquisition were greatly limited by the civil authorities. In Tuscany we learn, in 1746, that in Florence and Siena no arrest or imprisonment could be made by it without the assent of the Government.--Consulta fatta dalla Real Camera di S. Chiara, in Napoli (MS. _penes me_).
[258] The tribunal of the Canaries was reckoned among those of Castile and most of the new material in my possession concerning it has been embodied in the “History of the Inquisition of Spain.” Its insular position, however, and the consequent attraction of foreign merchants and sea-faring men, rendered its career somewhat peculiar, and it has seemed worth while to devote a chapter to it, based on two works--
Historia de la Inquisicion en las Islas Canarias, por Agustin Millares, 4 vols., Las Palmas de Gran-Canaria, 1874.
Catalogue of a Collection of Original Manuscripts formerly belonging to the Holy Office of the Inquisition in the Canary Islands and now in the possession of the Marquis of Bute. By W. De Gray Birch, LL.D., 2 vols., Edinburgh and London, 1903.
[259] Birch, I, 5, 7-8.
[260] Millares, I, 95-6--Birch, I, 160-7, 173.
[261] Birch, I, 6.--Millares, I, 71.
[262] Birch, I, 1, 67.
[263] Millares, I, 79.
[264] Millares, I, 75.
[265] Birch, I, 91, 92-4. In the record concerning Juan de Xeres, the year is omitted, but as Wednesday fell on June 4 in 1511, 1516, 1533 and 1539, the probable date is 1516.
[266] Birch, I, 1-5.
[267] Millares, I, 82.
[268] Birch, I, 15-33.
[269] Birch, I, 33.
[270] Ibidem, 34-64.
[271] Millares, I, 87-92.
[272] Ibidem, 96-100.
[273] Ibidem, 103-7.--Birch, I, 90.
[274] Millares, I, 109-10.
[275] Ibidem, I, 125.
[276] Ibidem, I, 115-18.
[277] Birch, II, 1018-26.
[278] Millares, II, 7-20.
[279] Ibidem, pp. 15, 21-22.
[280] Murga, Constituciones sinodales del Obispado de la Gran Canaria, fol. 333 (Madrid, 1634).
[281] Birch, I, 159-60.
[282] Millares, II, 23-30.
[283] Birch, I, 133-53.
[284] Millares, II, 43-44, 47, 51.
[285] Ibidem, pp. 57-61.
[286] Archivo de Simancas, Canarias, Expedientes de Visitas, Leg. 250, Lib. III, Cuad. 3.
[287] Ibidem, fol. 10, 13.
[288] Millares, II, 105-6. The subsequent case of Aventrot and his nephew Jan Cote is alluded to in my History of the Inquisition of Spain, I, 300; II, 348; III, 102.
[289] Archivo de Simancas, Canarias, Exp. de Visitas, Leg. 250, Lib. I, fol. 844, 849, 872.
[290] Ibidem, fol. 406, 407, 411, 417-22.
[291] Archivo de Simancas, Canarias, Exp. de Visitas, Leg. 250, Lib. I, fol. 568, 1115-19.
[292] Birch, I, 297-300.
[293] Millares, II, 72-4.
[294] Millares, II, 80-94.
[295] Ibidem, III, 9-10.
[296] Millares, III, 12-24.
[297] Ibidem, 163-4. The figures of Millares are drawn from the official list of _Quemados_. In 1526 there are 8; in 1587, 1; in 1614, 1; in 1615, 1.
[298] Millares, III, 26-31. The total relaxations in effigy amount to 107, as follows (Ibidem, III, 164-8):
1 in 1513 17 in 1557 16 in 1576 23 in 1591 7 “ 1530 3 “ 1569 30 “ 1581 3 “ 1608 2 “ 1534 1 “ 1574 3 “ 1587 1 “ 1659.
[299] Birch, II, 695.
[300] Birch, I, 383-4.
[301] Archivo de Simancas, Canarias, Visitas, Leg. 250, Lib. III, Cuad. 3, fol. 20.
[302] Birch, II, 1007.
[303] Millares, III, 153-7; IV, 19-20.
The exportation of wine from the Canaries to the Indies was an old subject of complaint in the home country. In 1573 the Córtes represented that its profits had caused the abandonment of sugar culture, which had formerly supplied the Spanish sugar market, greatly enhancing its price and deteriorating its quality, while at the same time the flourishing wine-trade was being ruined. In reply to this Philip II only promised to look into the matter and evidently nothing was done at the time.--Córtes de Madrid del año de setenta y tres, Peticion 76 (Alcala, 1575).
[304] Millares, III, 85.
[305] Ibidem, 93-5.
[306] Archivo de Simancas, Canarias, Visitas, Leg. 250, Lib. III, Cuad. 3, fol. 2, 8, 10.
[307] Birch, II, 534-6, 547, 548, 580, 626, 634, 646-61.
[308] Birch, I, 207.
[309] Millares, II, 102.
[310] Birch, I, 416-20.
[311] Ibidem, II, 726-8, 735, 750-72, 813, 832.
[312] Millares, II, 47-54, 112.
[313] Birch, II, 682.
[314] Archivo de Simancas, Canarias, Visitas, Leg. 250, Lib. III, Cuad. 3, fol. 6, 16.
[315] Millares, III, 117-23, 125-37.
[316] Birch, I, 198.
[317] Millares, II, 37-9.
[318] Birch, I, 214-17.
[319] Millares, II, 98, 102.
[320] Birch, II, 512-17, 870, 931-5, 939, 973.
[321] Ibidem, 890-2.
[322] Birch, I, 482-4.
[323] Ibidem, II, 992-3.
[324] Ibidem, 819, 826.
[325] Millares, II, 152-62.
[326] Birch, I, 347, 350-2.
[327] Birch, II, 1018-26.
[328] Ibidem, I, 303-4, 377.
[329] Birch, I, 374-9; II, 1048-9.
[330] Millares, II, 148-50.
[331] Ibidem, 141-7.
[332] Coleccion de Tratados de Paz; Phelipe III, pp. 161-2, 198, 465.
[333] Birch, II, 1054.
[334] Birch, I, 414-16.
[335] Ibidem, II, 1069-70.
[336] Birch, II, 1065-70.
[337] Birch, II, 1055-63.
[338] Birch, II, 542, 555, 557.
[339] Millares, III, 83-4, 157.
[340] Birch, II, 592, 825-6.
[341] Ibidem, 1070.
[342] Millares, IV, 19-20.
[343] Birch, II, 948.
[344] Archivo de Simancas, Canarias, Visitas, Leg. 250, Lib. III, Cuad. 3, fol. 20.
[345] Birch, II, 563-66.
[346] Ibidem, 640-2, 705.
[347] Ibidem, p. 716, 847-8.
[348] Birch II, 940-7.
[349] Millares, IV, 33-6.
[350] Ibidem, pp. 36-7.
[351] Millares, IV, 39, 42-44.
[352] Ibidem, I, 79-80.
[353] Millares, I, 130; II, 166.
[354] Archivo de Simancas, Canarias, Visitas, Leg. 250, Lib. III, Cuad. 3, fol. 1.--Millares, II, 167-76.
[355] Millares, II, 32-36.
[356] Ibidem, II, 104.
[357] Ibidem, III, 25, 42-3.
[358] Ibidem, I, 125-6.
[359] Millares, III, 51-7.
[360] Millares, III, 58-68.
[361] Birch, II, 597-601.
[362] Millares, III, 69-70.
[363] Ibidem, 73-5.
[364] Millares, IV, 18-19.
[365] For details see History of the Inquisition of Spain, I, 348.
[366] Millares, IV, 23-29.
[367] Ibidem, p. 70.
[368] Millares, IV, 87, 97-100.
[369] Millares, IV, 105-6.
[370] Ibidem, pp. 106-9, 114-17.
[371] Alex. PP. VI Bull _Inter cætera_, 4 Maii, 1493 (Bullar. Rom. I, 454).--Mariana, Hist. de España, T. IX, Append., p. xxvi (Ed. 1796).--Recopilacion de las Leyes de las Indias, Lib. I, Tit. i, ley 2.
[372] Recop., Lib. I, Tit. i, ley 5; Lib. II, Tit. ii, ley 8.
[373] Torquemada, De la Monarquía Indiana, Lib. XVIII, cap. 8.
[374] Cron. Glassberger, ann. 1500 (Analecta Franciscana, Tom. II).
[375] Las Casas, Historia de las Indias, Lib. III, cap. 5, 14 (Coleccion de Documentos, LXIV, 372, 422).
[376] Las Casas, _op. cit._, Lib. II, cap. 54 (Col. de Doc., LXV, 275; LXVI, 165, 180).
[377] Torquemada, _ubi sup._
[378] Ibidem.
[379] Gams, Series Episcoporum, p. 148.
[380] Torquemada, _op. cit._, Lib. XV, cap. 1, 10.--Col. de Doc., Tom. XXVI, p. 286.
See also a letter of the Franciscan Custodian Fray Angel de Valencia, to Charles V, May 8, 1552. If the description of his brother frailes by Fray Pedro Duran, in a letter to Philip II, Feb. 2, 1583, be not exaggerated, there was not much gained in restricting episcopal appointments to the regular Orders.--J. T. Medina, Historia de la Inquisicion en Mexico, pp. 11, 12 (Santiago de Chile, 1905).
[381] Mendieta, Hist. eccles. Indiana, p. 549 (Mexico, 1870).
[382] Amador de los Rios, Hist. de los Judíos, III, 378.
[383] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 9, fol. 71.
See also a letter from Alonzo de Zuazo to Chièvres, written from Hispañola, January 29, 1519, urging that immigrants be invited from all nations, except Moors and Jews and the reconciled New Christians with their children and grandchildren, who were prohibited by the royal ordinance.--Col. de Documentos, T. II, p. 371.
[384] Lorenzana, Concilios Provinciales de Mejico, p. 32 (Mexico, 1769).
[385] Recop. de las Indias, Lib. VII, Tit. v, ley 29.
[386] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Libro 3, fol. 106, 107.
[387] Ibidem, Lib. 9, fol. 37.--Llorente (Añales, II, 91) states that Ximenes, May 7, 1516, appointed Juan Quevedo, Bishop of Cuba, as delegate inquisitor-general of the Indies, with power to appoint judges and other officials, but I can find no trace of such action and, if the appointment was made, it was ineffective. The first see erected in Cuba was that of Santiago, in 1522 (Gams, p. 146), and there could have been none as early as 1516, as the first expedition to the island under Diego Velázquez did not occur until 1511. Hefele (Der Cardinal Ximenes, p. 497) makes Ximenes appoint Alessandro Geraldino, Bishop of San Domingo and his colleague of la Vega inquisitors-general but, as we have seen, Geraldino was not appointed as bishop until 1522, four years after the death of Ximenes.
[388] Remesal, Historia de la Provincia de S. Vicente de Chyapa y Guatemala, Lib. II, cap. iii.--Obregon, Mexico viejo, 1ª Serie, pp. 179-80; 2ª Serie, p. 390 (Mexico, 1891-5).
[389] Obregon, México viejo, 2ª Serie, p. 333.
It would seem that the sanbenitos were not hung in the cathedral until 1667, after pressure from the Suprema to compel the inquisitors to perform the work, which must have been considerable if they had to be compiled from the records. The number then hung amounted to 404.--Medina, Historia de la Inquisicion de México, p. 317.
[390] Puja, Provisiones, Cédulas, Instrumentos de su Magestad etc., fol. 97 (Mexico, 1563).
[391] Coleccion de Documentos, LXX, 535.--Solorzani de Indiar. Gubern. Lib. III, cap. xxiv, n. 9.
[392] Recop. de las Indias, Lib. I, Tit. xix, ley 4.
[393] Obregon, _loc. cit._
[394] Obregon, _loc. cit._--Schäfer, Beiträge zur Geschichte der Spanischen Protestantismus, II, 373.
[395] Obregon, _op. cit._, 2ª Serie, p. 61.
[396] Medina, _op. cit._, pp. 35-6.
[397] Solorzani _op. cit._, Lib. III, cap. xxiv, n. 38.
[398] Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. III, fol. 79, 123.
[399] Recop. de las Indias, Lib. I, Tit. xix, ley 1.--Cf. Simancæ de Catholicis Institutionibus, Tit. XXXVIII, n. 12.
[400] Relazioni Venete, Serie I, Tom. VI, p. 462.
[401] This and the following details of the installation of the Mexican Inquisition I owe to a series of documents, copies of which were kindly furnished to me by the late General Don Vicente Riva Palacio.
Doctor Moya de Contreras was an old and experienced hand. In 1541 he was appointed inquisitor of Saragossa.--Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 117.
[402] Torquemada, Lib. XIX, cap. 29. For almost all the early inquisitors of Mexico the tribunal was the stepping-stone to the episcopate. Bonilla, who went, in 1571, as fiscal, became inquisitor in 1573 and Archbishop of Mexico in 1592. Alonso Granero, who went as inquisitor in 1574, became Bishop of Charcas the same year. Santos García was inquisitor in 1576 and Bishop of Jalisco in 1597. Alonso de Peralta, who was inquisitor in 1594, was made Archbishop of La Plata in 1609, and Lobo Guerrero, who was inquisitor in 1593, became Archbishop of Santafé in 1598.
It illustrates the character of the men occupying these positions that when Granero left Mexico for his bishopric he went by land and in Nicaragua he assumed still to be inquisitor, condemning people and fining them to defray his travelling expenses. An unlucky notary named Rodrigo de Evora wrote some satiric couplets about him, whereupon he was thrown in prison with chains on hands and feet, tortured till he was crippled with dislocated joints and then exposed in a public auto and condemned to 300 lashes and six years of galleys. The scourging was administered with excessive severity and Evora had to beg his way to Mexico to appeal to the tribunal there. He evidently was stripped of his property and among other things of four cases of Chinese ware, which Granero appropriated to his own use.--Medina, _op. cit._, 76-78.
[403] Medina, _op. cit._, p. 22.
[404] See Appendix.
[405] Mr. Elkan N. Adler has printed a translation of these special instructions furnished to Peru. Unquestionably the same provisions must have been established in Mexico.--Publications of the American Jewish Historical Society, No. 12.
The inquisitors were empowered to call in the judges of the Royal Audiencia as consultors in the _consulta de fe_.--Ibidem.
[406] Medina, _op. cit._, p. 30.
[407] Llorente, Hist. crít., cap. xix, art. ii. n. 18.
[408] Medina, _op. cit._, p. 31.
[409] Medina, _op. cit._, pp. 36-43.--Obregon, _op. cit._, 2ª Serie, 84-90, 335-7.--Páramo de Orig. Officii S. Inquisit., p. 241. The “Cornelius the Irishman” of Miles Phillips’s narrative was not burnt until the auto of March 6, 1575. He was one of Hawkins’s men, who had married in Guatemala.--Medina, p. 51.
[410] Obregon, p. 391. In the great auto of December 8, 1596, the sentence to relaxation of Manuel Díaz states that he is to be taken on horseback to the market-place of San Ipolito where, in the place provided for it, he is to be garroted and burnt.--Proceso contra Manuel Díaz, fol. 154 (I owe to the kindness of General Riva Palacio several of the original trials connected with this auto).
[411] Medina, _op. cit._, pp. 49-55.
[412] Torquemada, Lib. XIX, cap. 30.--Obregon, pp. 338-52.--Medina, _op. cit._, pp. 91-115, 123-36.
[413] Páramo, pp. 241-2.--Proceso contra Manuel Díaz, fol. 71 (MS. _penes me_).--Obregon, p. 344. The fourth sister of Carvajal was burnt for relapse in the auto of 1601 and a fifth was reconciled (Medina, pp. 131-133).
An incident of Carvajal’s trial illustrates the dread excited by the pitiless Peralta, who richly earned his archbishopric. After prolonged torture and confession, Carvajal endeavored to commit suicide and then asked for Lobo Guerrero to be sent for, to whom he explained that he had begged that Peralta should not be present “because the mere sight of him made his flesh creep, such was the terror with which his rigor inspired him.”--Adler, Trial of Jorje de Almeida (Publications of Am. Jewish Hist. Soc., IV, 42).
The complaints against Peralta accumulated until the Suprema was compelled to formulate a process against him in which the _sumaria_ contained thirty-two charges, not only of arbitrary cruelty but of prostitution of his office for illicit gain (Medina, p. 216); but this, as we have seen, did not prevent his promotion to the archiepiscopate of La Plata.
[414] Obregon, p. 391.
[415] Las Casas, Hist. de las Indias, Lib. III, cap. 99 (Col. de Docum., T. LXV, p. 365).
[416] Lorenzana, Concilios provin. de Mexico, pp. 18, 33.
[417] Ibidem, p. 82.
[418] Recop. de las Indias, Lib. I, Tit. xix, ley 17; Lib. VI, Tit. i, ley 35.--Solorzani de Indiar. Gubern., Lib. III, cap. xxiv, n. 27, 30.
This fresh papal grant was evidently called for by the action of the Council of Trent, in 1563 (Sess. XXIV, De Reform., cap. 6) which admitted that bishops had only power to absolve for secret heresy, while even this was denied them by the bulls _In Cœna Domini_ of Pius V and his successors.
[419] Bancroft, History of Mexico, III, 747, 750.--Las Casas, Hist. de las Indias, Lib. II, cap. 1; Lib. III, cap. 8 (Col. de Doc., Tom. LXIV, 7, 386).
[420] The Dominican Thomas Gage when, about the year 1630, he was serving as a missionary priest at Mixco in Guatemala, discovered, after considerable trouble, an idol in a cave, secretly worshipped by the leading Indians of the vicinage. After relating his adventures in the search, he proceeds “I writ to the President of Guatemala informing him of what I had don and to the Bishop (as an Inquisitor to whom such cases of Idolatry did belong) to be informed of him what course I should take with the Indians, who were but in part as yet discovered unto me and those only by the relation of one Indian. From both I received great thanks for my pains in searching the mountains and finding the Idol and for my zeal in burning of it. And as touching the Indian Idolators their counsel unto me was that I should further enquire after the rest and discover as many as I could and endeavor to convert them to the knowledge of the true God by fair and sweet means, showing pity unto them for their great blindness and promising them upon their repentance pardon from the Inquisition, which considering them to be but new plants useth not such rigor with them, which it useth with Spaniards if they fall into such horrible sins.”--Gage’s New Survey of the West Indies, pp. 397-8 (London, 1677).
For a considerable time the Indians seem to have escaped persecution, but at length the bishops--or at least some of them--formed Inquisitions for them and conducted these in inquisitorial fashion. In 1690 the Bishop of Oaxaca, having discovered organized idolatry in eleven pueblos of the Sierra de Xuquil, held an auto in which the culprits were reconciled and penanced, twenty-six of the principal ones being condemned to perpetual prison, for which he constructed an appropriate building. Possibly the fact that persecution was unprofitable may explain the infrequency of these proceedings. The first Indian auto in the city of Mexico seems to have been held December 23, 1731, which was followed occasionally by others--bigamy, superstitions and idolatry being the common offences. In 1769 the Archbishop of Mexico published an Edict of Faith requiring denunciations of Indian practices to his _Tribunal de Fe_. This excited the indignation of the Inquisitors who vainly demanded its suppression and then appealed to the Suprema, probably with no better success.--Medina, pp. 371-8.
[421] Recop. de las Indias, Lib. I, Tit. xix, ley 26.
[422] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Libro 40, fol. 24; Libro 926, fol. 169.
[423] Solorzani de Indiar. Gubern., Lib. III, cap. xxiv, n. 13.
[424] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Leg. 1157, fol. 66.
[425] Ibidem, Libro 40, fol. 31.
[426] Recop., Lib. I, Tit. xix, ley 14. In 1626, however, Philip IV ordered them to be compelled to pay the _alcavala_ or commutation of the tax of ten per cent. on all transactions like other subjects and, in the Concordia of 1633, the exemption from royal taxes and imposts was wholly withdrawn.--Ibidem, Lib. I, Tit. xix, leyes 15; 30, § 5.
[427] MSS. of Royal Library of Munich, Cod. Hispan. 79, Leg. 1, fol. 1.
[428] Recop., Lib. VI, Tit. xii, ley 42.
[429] Recop., Lib. I, Tit. xix, leyes 10, 11, 12.--Solorzani de Ind. Gubern., Lib. III, cap. xxiv, n. 11.
[430] Recop., Lib. I, Tit. xix, leyes 24, 25. In the earlier period of the colonial Inquisition, the inquisitors sometimes, as we have seen, held prebends in addition to their salaries, but this privilege was subsequently withdrawn, at the instance of the Council of Indies, on account of the poverty of the churches.--Solorzani, _op. cit._, Lib. III, cap. xxiv, n. 78.
[431] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 40, fol. 54, 128, 139.
The canonries fell in gradually. October 24, 1636, the Suprema reports that up to that time, only those of Mexico, Puebla, Oaxaca and Guatemala, had become available, the aggregate revenues of which did not amount to the royal subvention. The tribunal had reported, January 23d, that a vacancy had occurred in the cathedral of Guadalajara and the king is urged to lose no time in ordering its suppression.--Ibidem, Lib. 21, fol. 67.
About the middle of the century the tribunal enjoyed canonries in Mexico, Puebla, Oaxaca, Chiapa, Yucatan, Guatemala, Mechoacan, Guadalajara and Manila. In Mexico the sees of Guadiana, Honduras and Nicaragua, and in the Philippines those of Cebu, Cagayan and Nueva Segovia were too poor, some of them not even having prebendaries, and the bishops were supported by the treasury.--Medina, p. 209.
[432] MSS. of David Fergusson Esqr.
[433] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 40, fol. 44.--Recop., Lib. I, Tit. xix, ley 30, § 1.
[434] Medina, p. 209.
[435] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 40, fol. 85, 139. In these papers the Suprema had the hardihood to assert that the prebends were suppressed in order to enable the tribunals to meet expenses over and above the royal subvention for salaries, although all the documents show that the object was to relieve the treasury.
[436] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 40, fol. 91, 103.
[437] J. T. Medina, La Inquisicion en Cartagena de Indias, p. 310 (Santiago de Chile, 1899).
[438] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Legajo 1465, fol. 78.
[439] Archivo de Simancas, Libro 40, fol. 57.
[440] Ibidem, fol. 74.
The Contratacion could furnish only the records of silver passing through it, which were always liable to seizure by the king. The great remittances of 1646 and 1648 were cautiously made in bills of exchange, and this was probably the rule.
[441] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 40, fol. 77.
[442] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 40, fol. 85, 139.
The letter-book of the tribunal from 1642 to 1649 is largely filled with minute instructions as to the sequestrations which accompanied arrests and the management of the property seized. Though called sequestration this was really confiscation for, without awaiting the conviction of the accused, the assets were converted into money as rapidly as possible, by auctions in which of course much was sacrificed. The proceedings were most arbitrary. In a letter of October 21, 1645, the commissioner at Vera Cruz is instructed as to some cocoa belonging to prisoners, either on hand or expected to arrive. Trains of pack-mules were to be seized, no matter under what engagements they might be, to hurry the goods to Mexico and no other cocoa was to be allowed to come, so that this might bring a better price. A few weeks earlier, on September 25th, orders were sent for the arrest of Captain Fernando Moreno of Miaguatlan (Oaxaca), who was claimed to be a debtor to the fisc. He was to be seized suddenly and hurried off, heavily ironed, to Mexico, while his property was taken possession of. He was engaged in large transactions of making advances to Indians for cotton yarn and cochineal and minute instructions were given as to gathering in the product of these advances, which would be an affair of time. All this work had to be gratuitous. When on one occasion a familiar and a notary charged for their labor, they were compelled to refund and were told that the honor of serving the Inquisition was sufficient payment.--MSS. of David Fergusson Esqr.
[443] Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 150, p. 224.
[444] Archivo de Simancas, Lib. 40, fol. 218, 328.
[445] Archivo de Simancas, fol. 85, 139. In 1631 the _vara_, or wand of office of alguazil, was sold in Castile and, in 1634, the Suprema sought to extend this to the Colonies, under pretext of applying it to the repairs of the Castle of Triana, the home of the tribunal of Seville. The Council of Indies stoutly resisted it and a consulta of November 16, 1638, shows that the struggle was still going on (Ibidem, Libro 21, fol. 162). The Suprema finally won, but of course it absorbed the proceeds and the castle was repaired by means of the levy known as the _Fabrica de Sevilla_, which continued to be collected in the nineteenth century.
It is probable that the amount attributed to the sale of _varas_ is largely exaggerated. In 1652 there came a remittance from Mexico of 2298 pesos, of which 1711 were the proceeds of sales and 587 for the _media añata_--a tax of half of the first year’s salary of those appointed to office (Ibidem, Lib. 40, fol. 295).
[446] Obregon, _op. cit._, 1ª Serie, p. 188.
[447] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 28, fol. 276.
[448] Medina, pp. 213, 348, 379, 405.
[449] Archivo de Simancas, Libro, 435, 2º.
[450] Obregon, _op. cit._, 2º Serie, pp. 352-55. From 1601 to 1646 the only sanbenitos were--
1603. A Fleming relaxed for Calvinism, one Judaizer reconciled and one relaxed in effigy and two mulattos reconciled for heresy.
1605. An Irishman reconciled for Lutheranism and a Portuguese for Judaism. There were however 36 penitents in this auto of whom 21 were negroes and mulattos for blasphemy. When in 1605 the general pardon for Judaizers descended from Portuguese reached Mexico, there was only one to be liberated.--Medina, pp. 143, 146.
1606. A mulatto relaxed for administering sacraments without ordination. There was however another person guilty of the same offence, a married priest and a blasphemer.--Medina, p. 145.
1621. A German reconciled for Lutheranism.
1625. Three Judaizers reconciled.
1626 One Judaizer relaxed in effigy.
1630. Three Judaizers reconciled.
1635. Four Judaizers reconciled, one relaxed in person and four in effigy. This is evidently incomplete. Medina, p. 165, reports that in this auto there were twelve Judaizers reconciled and five effigies of the dead relaxed.
1636. One Judaizer relaxed in effigy.
[451] Medina, pp. 146-50.
[452] MSS. of David Fergusson Esqr. The cases reported consisted of
Judaism 22 Solicitation 12 Sorcery 8 Bigamy 4 Personating priesthood 4 Illuminism 2 Miscellaneous 11
[453] Medina, p. 168.
[454] MSS. of David Fergusson Esqr.
[455] Medina, p. 169.
[456]
Solicitation in the confessional 14 Sorcery and divination 112 Consulting diviners 13 Judaism (besides 11 in Pernambuco) 41 Disregard of disabilities of descendants 8 Bigamy 4 Abuse of Inquisition by culprits 2 Remaining under excommunication for a year 4 Revealing confessions 1 Heretical blasphemy 6 Incest 1 Neglect of observances 5 Mental Prayer better than Oral 1 A little girl for breaking an arm of an image of Christ 1 A boy of 6, for making crosses on the ground, stamping on them and saying that he was a heretic 1 Priest saying 4 masses in one day 1 Personating official of Inquisition 1 Celebrating mass without ordination 2 Impeding the Inquisition 7 Insults to images 6 Concubinage better than marriage 3 Irregular fasting 1 Propositions 12 Various suspicious acts 1 Marriage better than Religious Life 1 Criticizing the Inquisition 1 Denying a debt due to the confiscated estate of a culprit 1 Marriage in Orders 1 For being the grandson of a man relaxed in Portugal 1
(MSS. of David Fergusson Esqr.).
Nearly all the accusations of sorcery are of Indians, negroes or mulattos. A note states that the testifications against Indians are not indexed because the Inquisition has not jurisdiction over them.
[457] The plant named Peyote had intoxicating and narcotic properties causing pipe-dreams and visions. It was largely used by diviners and was strictly prohibited by the Inquisition.
[458] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 812; Cuenca, fol. 2.
[459] MSS. of David Fergusson Esqr.
[460] MSS. of David Fergusson Esqr.
[461] Carta de 27 Nov. 1643 (MSS. of David Fergusson Esqr.). These prisoners were all reconciled in the subsequent autos except three who died in prison and were relaxed in effigy.
For the individual offences of these inquisitors and their subordinates in cruelty, rapacity, embezzlement and licentiousness, as reported by the _visitador_ Medina Rico, see Medina, pp. 261-2.
[462] Medina, pp. 239.
[463] Medina, pp. 181, 182.
[464] Medina, p. 183.--El Museo Mexicano, Mexico, 1843, pp. 537 sqq. Reprinted also, with some abbreviation as an appendix to a translation of Féréal’s _Mystères de la Inquisition_, Mexico, 1850.
[465] My copy of this scarce tract unfortunately lacks the title page, which I am thus unable to give. It was printed in Mexico in 1649.
[466] In addition to those who appeared in the auto there were two women condemned to relaxation, Isabel Núñez and Leonor Vaz who, the night before in the prison, sought audience with the inquisitors, professed conversion, and were withdrawn. They were reconciled in church, April 21, with irremissible perpetual prison and sanbenito.
Besides the summary in the text, the list of sanbenitos for this year includes the names of Francisco López de Aponte, relaxed in person for atheism and Sebastian Alvares for obstinacy in various errors (Obregon, p. 372), but they are not in the official relation and, as they occur again in 1659 (p. 381), there is obviously an erroneous duplication.
[467] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Libro 38, fol. 96, 101.
[468] When, in 1654, Medina Rico came as visitador, he found 1200 cases pending in suits against the fisc of the tribunal.--Medina, p. 212.
[469] Medina, pp. 271-311.
[470] Proceso contra Joseph Bruñon de Vertiz (MSS. of David Fergusson Esqr.).
I have considered this curious case at greater length in “Chapters from the Religious History of Spain,” pp. 362-73.
[471] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 60, fol. 189.
[472] Obregon, _op. cit._, 2ª Serie, pp. 380-4.
[473] Medina, pp. 328, 330.
[474] In the auto of 1601 the priest Juan Plata appeared as a penitent and was suspended from orders for connivance in pretended revelations of a nun of the Puebla convent of St. Catherine of Siena. He was also a _solicitante_, having seduced her in the confessional, but this was studiously omitted from the sentence read.--Medina, _op. cit._, p. 125.
[475] Oviedo y Valdés, Las Quinquagenas de la Nobleza de España, I, 383 (Madrid, 1880).--Concil. Mexican. I, ann. 1555, cap. lvii.--Mendieta, Hist. eccles. Indiana, Lib. IV, cap. xlv.
[476] Medina, p. 54.
[477] MSS. of David Fergusson Esqr.
[478] “Que es delito muy reiterado en estas partes y muchos confesores hacen poquisimo caso dél.”--Medina, p. 162.
[479] MSS. of David Fergusson Esqr.
[480] Medina, p. 320.
In 1664 the tribunal asked to have its jurisdiction extended over unnatural crime and bestiality, which it described as exceedingly prevalent, especially in the Religious Orders, but the Suprema refused.--Ibidem, p. 321.
It was beyond the power of the Suprema to accede to this without a special papal delegation. In Spain this had been granted to the tribunals of the Kingdoms of Aragon, but not to those of Castile.
[481] MSS. of David Fergusson Esqr.
[482] Ibidem.
[483] Biblioteca nacional de Madrid, Seccion de MSS., X, 157, fol. 240 (see Appendix).--Royal Library of Munich, Cod. Hispan. 79.
[484] These cases are derived from the Munich MS., last cited, entitled “Extractos de Causas [de] Familiares y Ministros que no son Oficiales que ay en la Camara del Secreto de la Inquisicion de Mexico en este presente año de 1716.”
[485] E. N. Adler, The Inquisition in Peru (Publications of the American Jewish Historical Society, No. 12).
[486] J. T. Medina, Hist. de la Inquisicion de Cartagena p. 437. See, also, p. 278. Cf. Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Libro 61, fol. 251.--MSS. of Library of University of Halle, Yc 17.
[487] MSS. of Royal Library of Munich, Cod. Hispan. 79.
[488] Solorzani de Indiar. Gubern., Lib. III, cap. xxiv, n. 16.
[489] Medina, p. 315.
[490] Solorzano, _loc. cit._, n. 61.
[491] This prohibition was removed in the Concordia of 1633.
[492] Recop. de las Indias, Lib. I, Tit. xix, ley 29.
The vexatious petty tyranny in which the tribunal indulged is illustrated by the case of a law-student, Diego de Porras Villerías, about 1600, who was fined in 100 pesos and banished for a year because he refused to honor a requisition for two cartloads of lime for the prison which it was constructing.--Medina, p. 137.
[493] Solorzani _op. cit._, Lib. III, cap. xxiv, n. 60.--MSS. of Royal Library of Munich, Cod. Hispan. 79.--Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 60, fol. 1, 60, 66 _sqq._
[494] Solorzano, _loc. cit._, n. 63-73.
[495] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Libro 17, fol. 1.
[496] Munich, MSS., Cod. Hispan. 79.
[497] Recop., Lib. I, Tit. xix, ley 30.
[498] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 60, fol. 199.
[499] Munich MSS., Cod. Hispan. 79.
[500] Medina, p. 323. Possibly this may explain his treasonable project of transferring the northern provinces of Mexico to France.
[501] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 60, fol. 362.
[502] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 946, fol. 282, 360, 400.--Por el Tribunal del S. Officio de Mexico sobre el Impedimiento que a puesto D. D. Matheo Sagade Bugueiro, Arzobispo de la dicha Ciudad (communicated by D. Fergusson Esqr.).
[503] The visitador Medina Rico characterizes without reserve this unjustifiable action of the tribunal “sin causa, motivo, ni razon alguna, se introdujeron à inmensos procedimientos en la materia, y esto no con igualdad y justicia, sino con manifiesta pasion contra el dicho señor Obispo, su provisor, criados, allegados y afectos.” They represented to Viceroy Salvatierra “que era sospechoso en la fe y tizon ardiente del infierno y otras cosas gravisimas semejantes à las referidas.”--Medina, pp. 241, 242.
[504] Obras de Juan de Palafox y Mendoza, Tom. I, Prolegom.; T. XI, pp. 241, 289, 328, 466-7 (Madrid, 1762). The fullest account, however, of the arbitrary proceedings of the Inquisition is contained in a letter, omitted for cause from his collected works, written from Chiapa, August 10, 1647, to the Inquisitor-general Arce y Reynoso. It was printed by Puigblanch, Cadiz, 1813, and by Medina, pp. 242-60.
It is worthy of note that at this time the Jesuits were laying the foundation of their curious autocratic empire of Paraguay, by a quarrel with Bernardino de Cardenas, Bishop of Asuncion, known as _el Padre de los Indios_. To prevent his visiting their missions they drove him by force of arms from his episcopal see. The struggle lasted from 1644 to 1660, when the Holy See decided in favor of the bishop.--Coleccion de Documentos tocantes á la Persecucion contra D. Fr. Bernardino de Cardenas, Madrid, 1768.
[505] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 38, fol. 64.
We shall meet Archbishop Juan de Mañozca hereafter in his earlier capacity of Inquisitor of Cartagena, where he earned an infamous notoriety.
[506] MSS. of David Fergusson Esqr. The sentence in this case is so unusual that I give the essential portion of it in the Appendix.
[507] Medina, p. 266.
[508] Gams, Series Episcoporum, s. vv.
[509] Munich MSS., Cod. Hispan., 79.
[510] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 940, fol. 2.
[511] Páramo, p. 243.--Archivo de Simancas, Lib. 940, fol. 6.
[512] MSS. of David Fergusson Esqr.
[513] See the Author’s “Chapters from the Religious History of Spain,” p. 73.
There was no little scandal, in 1768, when it was discovered that the receiver of the tribunal, Vicente de las Heras Serrano, had sold for 850 pesos to the Licentiate Juan José Azpeitia a number of the prohibited books which had been seized. No great damage to the faith could have ensued if they were all like Milton’s Paradise Lost, for the possession of which a French surgeon, Carlos Loret, was forced to abjure and was banished to Spain.--Medina, p. 434.
[514] MSS. of David Fergusson Esqr.
A similar prohibition of the irreverent use of crosses and images is embodied in the Peruvian Edict of Faith of 1641.--Adler, The Inquisition in Peru (American Jewish Historical Society, No. 12).
[515] Munich MSS., Cod. Hispan. 79. See “Chapters from Spain,” p. 86, for instructions to the commissioners in the performance of this duty.
[516] Recop., Lib. I, Tit. xix, ley 30.
[517] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 20, fol. 10; Lib. 40, fol. 44.
[518] MSS. of David Fergusson Esqr.
[519] Munich MSS., Cod. Hispan. 79.
[520] Note to Recop., Lib. I, Tit. xix, ley 29. For further details as to this see below, under Peru.
[521] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 28, fol. 272, 276.
Obregon (_op. cit._, p. 227) relates an anecdote of this period which would seem incompatible with the existing discredited position of the Inquisition. One Ash Wednesday, when the canons of the cathedral called upon the Marquis de Croix, as customary, to present him with ashes, he kept them waiting in his antechamber, to the intense indignation of those dignified personages. They complained to the inquisitors, who summoned the viceroy to appear before them. He obeyed, but he went attended by a guard and some pieces of artillery. He was haughtily received until he took out his watch and casually remarked that he hoped the audience would be brief for, if he was not back in the street in ten minutes, the cannon would open on the building and reduce it to ruins. The dignity of the inquisitors disappeared; they promptly dismissed him and were in agony as he leisurely sauntered forth.
If such an occurrence took place it is attributable with more verisimilitude to the period of the Marquis de Croix in Mexico than to the earlier time of the Marquis de Castelfuerte in Peru, of whom a precisely similar story is told, except that he gave the tribunal an hour for consideration. In his case the summons to appear is ascribed to his rough treatment of the Franciscans, July 5, 1731, when two of them were killed in a disturbance at the execution of Dr. Joseph de Antequera.--Palma, Añales de la Inquisicion de Lima, p. 184 (Madrid, 1898).
[522] Medina, p. 338.
[523] Ibidem, pp. 339-45.
[524] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Legajo 1465, fol. 81.
[525] Medina, pp. 358-63.--Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Legajo 1465, fol. 81.
[526] Medina, pp. 365, 388.
[527] Ibidem, pp. 396, 432.
[528] Medina, pp. 387, 397-405.
[529] Obregon, _op. cit._, 2ª Serie, pp. 389, 392-3.
Lizardi’s troubles did not end with the extinction of the Inquisition. In 1822 he issued a defence of Free-Masonry which excited clerical wrath. In Puebla, a priest, after arousing the people with his sermons, headed a mob which broke into a printer’s shop, carried off the obnoxious books and made an auto de fe of them, leading to a tumult in which three men were killed and a number were wounded. About the same time Lizardi was obliged to appeal to the Córtes for protection against his public excommunication by the archiepiscopal provisor.--El Sol, pp. 122, 146, 152 (Mexico, 1822).
[530] I owe to the late General Don Vicente Riva Palacio the documents in this matter.
[531] Obregon, _op. cit._, 2ª Serie, p. 393.
[532] Note to Recop., Lib. I, Tit. xix, ley 1. Cf. Lib. III, Tit. i, ley 2.
[533] See in Appendix the Edict of January 26, 1811. Also Obregon, 2ª Serie, p. 393.
[534] Proceso contra Dr. Pedro Mendizabal, fol. 13 (MS. _penes me_).
[535] I owe the following details to a transcript of his trial, made from the original in 1865 by Don José María Lafragua and kindly communicated to me by David Fergusson Esqr.
[536] The learned Dominican Jacques Augustin Serry’s _Historia Congregationum de Auxiliis_, issued also under the pseudonym of Augustin Leblanc, appeared in 1700 and was promptly condemned in Spain in 1701 (Index of 1707, I, 776), but is not on the Roman Index. His _Exercitationes de Christo ejusque V. Matre_ are in both Indexes. For a Jesuit opinion of the former work see Father Colonia’s _Bibliothèque Janseniste_, p. 186 (Ed. 1735).
María de Agreda was a Spanish mystic of the seventeenth century whom Spain has repeatedly, up to modern times, endeavored to get canonized.
[537] These comprehensive excommunications led to a result not
## particularly creditable to the Church. A writer in 1822 calls attention
to the fact that, while the leading insurgents who were captured were formally reconciled before they were shot, the mass of the people, who had never paid any attention to the censures, were freely received to the sacraments without having been absolved.--El Sol, México, Feb. 27, 1822, p. 107.
[538] See Appendix. One of the insurgent proclamations shows the savage character of the warfare. It sets forth the terms and conditions of the struggle of which the following may serve as a specimen--
4. The European who resists with arms will be put to the sword.
5. When threatened with siege or battle, before commencing we will put to the sword the numerous Europeans in our hands and will then abide the fortunes of war.
6. The American who defends a European with arms will be put to the sword.
Thus was justified the execution of Hidalgo and his chiefs. Whatever sympathy we may feel for the cause, we must admit that the cruelty marking the strife was equally shared and that the fate of Maximilian was foreshadowed.
[539] In estimating the veracity of this curious tale, we must bear in mind that both Fernando VII and Pius VII were at the time prisoners of Napoleon. There was, it is true, a Spanish Regency and the Córtes of Cádiz which used the royal name, but it is inconceivable that, even if it had access to the pope, it would have taken such a precaution at a time when there was no anticipation of rebellion in the colonies.
[540] Medina, pp. 456-61.
[541] Ibidem, pp. 461, 463.
[542] Coleccion de Cédulas etc. de Fernando VII, pp. 8, 85 (Valencia, 1814).
[543] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Libros 877, 890.
[544] Medina, pp. 467-9.
[545] Medina, pp. 469-70.
[546] Ibidem, pp. 479-92.
[547] The following details of the trial of Morelos are derived from a report, accompanied by the documents, made by Flores to the Suprema, November 27 and December 29, 1815. It is in the archives of Simancas, Inquisicion, Sala 49, Legajo 1473.--See also Medina, pp. 513-45.
[548] The Constitution of Nov. 22, 1814, which based all government on the will of the people clearly came under the edict of August, 1808, which denounced the doctrine of popular sovereignty as manifest heresy. For the same reason the Constitution of Cádiz was heretical.
[549] See Appendix.
[550] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 559.
[551] Obregon, 2ª Serie, p. 395. Mier’s crowning offence was a book with the suggestive title “Informe y Pedimento Fiscal presentado por los Locos ante el Supremo Tribunal de la Razon humana.”--Archivo histórico nacional de Madrid, Inquisicion de Valencia, Legajo 100.
He escaped to the United States and returned to Mexico in 1822, when he was imprisoned by Dávila, Governor of the castle of San Juan de Ulua, but was speedily released.--El Sol, p. 117 (Mexico, 1822).
[552] Medina, p. 505.
[553] Archivo hist. nacional de Madrid, Inquisicion, Legajo 6462, Cuaderno 1, fol. 68; Cuaderno 2, fol. 2.
[554] Defensa del Editor de la Obra titulada los Misterios de la Inquisicion, México, 1850.
[555] J. T. Medina, El Tribunal del Santo Oficio de la Inquisicion en las Islas Filipinas, pp. 16, 28-9 (Santiago de Chile, 1899).
[556] Medina, _op. cit._, pp. 17-28, 30-1, 36-8, 141-51.
[557] Instruccion que han de guardar los Comisarios, n. 16, 17, 18, 30.
[558] Medina, _op. cit._, pp. 178-9, 181-2.
[559] Ibidem, pp. 38-9.
[560] Medina, _op. cit._, pp. 42-3.
We have seen above (p. 243) that, in the list of cases of solicitation pending before the Mexican tribunal in the years 1622-3-4, there were seven from Manila. Of these, as we chance to learn from other documents, three, Fray Domingo Fernández, Fray Melchor de Manzano and Fray Martin de la Anunciacion, were all denounced, by different women, on March 31, 1622, to Fray Miguel de San Jacinto, commissioner for the province of New Segovia. As that day was the Thursday after Easter, this was probably the result of confessing to a rigid confessor who refused absolution until denunciation should be made. Another one was Padre Pedro Ramírez, S. J., denounced to the Manila commissioner, Fray Domingo González, Aug. 16, 1622.
The comparative infrequency of Jesuit culprits may perhaps be partially explained by a remarkable precaution adopted by the Society. A deposition under oath, Jan. 20, 1625, made in the Philippines by Padre Baltasar de Silva, states that experienced and trustworthy women, whom they called syndics, were employed to confess to Jesuits and tempt them to a certain point. The result was reported to the rector and if one was found to respond to the advances, he was transferred to some other place before he reached the point of himself soliciting. The Order looked with aversion on the requirement of denunciation to the Inquisition and took this method of averting it. In Manila, about 1605, one of these syndics was Doña Mariana Garvi, who was succeeded by Doña María Marmolejo.--MSS. of David Fergusson Esqr.
[561] Medina, _op. cit._, pp. 48-50.
[562] Medina, _op. cit._, pp. 53-4.
[563] Ibidem, pp. 33-4.
[564] El Museo Mexicano, 1843, p 361.
[565] Medina, _op. cit._, pp. 59-66.
[566] Fray Juan de la Concepcion, Historia general de Philipinas, T. IX, pp. 202-4.
[567] Medina, _op. cit._, pp. 151-4.
[568] Medina, _op. cit._, pp. 141-51.
[569] Ibidem, pp. 161-3.
[570] Juan de la Concepcion, XIV, 81-107.--Buzeta, Diccionario de las Islas Filipinas, I, 395 (Madrid, 1850).
[571] MSS. of Royal Library of Munich, Cod. Hisp. 79.
[572] Juan de la Concepcion, V, 276, 278. Puigblanch (La Inquisicion sin Mascara, Cádiz, 1811, p. 402) is in error in attributing the persecution of Archbishop Guerrero to the Inquisition and has misapprehended Palafox’s allusion to it. In both cases it was the Jesuits acting through _jueces conservadores_, who, by a monstrous abuse, assumed to exercise full papal powers, but in Mexico the Inquisition was with them and in Manila it was against them.
The ecclesiastics had full revenge on Governor Corcuera when, in 1644, he was succeeded by Diego Fajardo. In fortifying Manila against an expected attack by the Dutch, his lines ran through an Augustinian convent. He offered the frailes another house, but they refused to move and he tore down the building about their ears. When out of office they prosecuted him and obtained a verdict of 25,000 pesos. He must have been a rarely honest governor, for he was unable to pay it and they kept him in harsh gaol for five years. On his liberation, Philip IV appointed him Governor of the Canaries.--Concepcion, VI, 185-93.
[573] Medina, _op. cit._, p. 46.--Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 21, fol. 154.
[574] Juan de la Concepcion, VI, 316.
[575] Medina, _op. cit._, pp. 84-6.
[576] Medina, _op. cit._, pp. 87-130.--MSS. of Royal Library of Munich, Cod. Hispan. 79.--Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 60, fol. 209, 249. It is perhaps worth remarking that Juan de la Concepcion makes no allusion to this episode, so prominent in the history of the Colony and so little creditable to his Augustinian Order.
[577] Medina, _op. cit._, pp. 156-7.
[578] MS., _penes me_.
[579] Medina, Inquisicion en las Provincias del Plata, pp. 43-7.
Thanks to the researches of native scholars there is ample material for the history of the South American Inquisition. The most prominent of these gentlemen is Don José Toribio Medina who has gathered a wealth of documents in the Spanish archives on which are based the works to which I am principally indebted. These are:
“Historia del Tribunal del Santo Oficio de la Inquisicion de Lima (1569-1820).” 2 vols., 8vo, Santiago de Chile, 1887.
“Historia del Tribunal del Santo Oficio de la Inquisicion en Chile.” 2 vols., 8vo, Santiago de Chile, 1890.
“El Tribunal del Santo Oficio de la Inquisicion en las Provincias del Plata.” 1 vol., 8vo, Santiago de Chile, 1900.
“Historia del Santo Oficio de la Inquisicion de Cartagena de las Indias.” 1 vol., 12mo, Santiago de Chile, 1899.
Don Ricardo Palma of Lima has contributed a useful compendium--“Añales de la Inquisicion de Lima,” Lima, 1863. Third edition, Madrid, 1897.
Don Vicuña Mackenna has given some exceedingly curious details of the procedure of the tribunal in his “Francisco Moyen ó lo que fué la Inquisicion en América,” Valparaiso, 1868, of which an English translation by Dr. James W. Duffy appeared in London in 1869.
Various relations of autos de fe have been reprinted in the “Documentos Literarios del Perú,” Tomo VII, Lima, 1876.
Unfortunately, the main source of information, the records of the tribunal itself, are no longer available. They were preserved almost intact, at the suppression in 1820, and were lodged in the Archivo nacional, in the convent of San Agustin, but were dispersed in 1881 when Lima was occupied by the Chilian army. Before this event, through the kindness of Doctor Paz-Soldan, I procured copies of some interesting documents, referred to in the following pages under the old numbers. The Spanish archives have also furnished me some material.
[580] Medina, Inquisicion de Lima, II, 469-73.
[581] Ibidem, I, 26; La Plata, I, 16-18.
[582] Concil. Limens. Provin. I, Act. II, cap. 1; Act. V, cap. 1 (Haroldus, Lima Limata, pp. 5, 42).
[583] Medina, La Plata, 19.
[584] Medina, La Plata, pp. 21-41, 85-111.
Another distinguished conquistador, Felipe de Cáceres, was prosecuted by Pedro Fernández de la Torre, Bishop of la Plata, who carried him to Spain, about 1580, but died on the passage and Cáceres was delivered to the tribunal of Seville.--Ibidem, p. 116.
[585] Archivo nacional de Lima, Protocolo 223, Exped^{te} 5270.
[586] Medina, Lima, I, 173-177, 179-80.--Archivo nacional de Lima, _ubi sup._
[587] Medina, Lima, II, 424.
[588] Medina, Lima, I, 2-4.
[589] Medina, Lima, I, 6-18.--See also Elkan N. Adler, The Inquisicion in Peru (Publications of the American Jewish Historical Society, No. 12), who prints a translation of the special instructions of the Suprema.
[590] Medina, Lima, I, 29-31.
[591] Medina, Lima, I, 49-55.
[592] Archivo nacional de Lima, Protocolo 223, Exped^{te} 5270.--Palma, Añales, 8-11.--Medina, Lima, I, 6.
[593] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Legajo 1465, fol. 23.
[594] Archivo de Simancas, _loc. cit._
[595] Medina, Lima, I, 5.--Archivo nacional de Lima, Protocolo 228, Exp^{te} 5289.
[596] Archivo de Lima, Protocolo 223, Exp^{te} 5270.--Medina, Lima, I, 301-18.
[597] Medina, La Plata, p. 57.--Archivo de Lima, _ubi sup._
[598] Medina, Chile, I, 363, 365.--Archivo nacional de Lima, _ubi sup._
[599] Medina, Lima, I, 172; II, 58.--Archivo nacional de Lima, Protocolo 228, Exp^{te} 5287; Protocolo 223, Exp^{te} 5270.
[600] The prosecution, about 1580, of Fray Andres Vélez, Provincial of San Domingo, shows that the islands were subject to the Lima tribunal.--Archivo de Lima, Protocolo 223, Exp^{te} 5270.
[601] Archivo nacional de Lima, Protocolo 223, Exp^{te} 5270.
[602] Archivo nacional de Lima, _ubi sup._--Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Legajo 1465, fol. 23.
[603] Medina, Lima, I, 204-223; La Plata, 62-3, 113.
[604] Medina, Lima, I, 261; La Plata, 113-15.
[605] Medina, La Plata, p. 116.
[606] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Libro 45, fol. 210.
[607] Medina, La Plata, pp. 200-7.
[608] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Libro 20, fol. 46.
[609] Ibidem, fol. 66.
[610] Medina, La Plata, pp. 207-8. I give the date as printed but think it probable that a typographical error has converted 1630 to 1636.
[611] Medina, La Plata, pp. 209-14; Lima, I, 331.
[612] Medina, La Plata, pp. 215-24; Lima, I, 332.
[613] Medina, Lima, I, 2. Vicuña Mackenna asserts (Francisco Moyen, p. 112) that Philip granted the tribunal a dotation which produced an annual revenue of 32,817 pesos, 3-1/2 reales, but this is a self-evident error, probably based on the king’s assertion to Urban VIII that he spent 32,000 ducats a year on the three tribunals of Mexico, Lima and Cartagena.
[614] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Libro 40, fol. 20, 21, 54, 91.--Medina, Lima, I, 187.--Archivo nacional de Lima, _ubi sup._
[615] Archivo nacional de Lima, _ubi sup._--Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Libro 40, fol. 30.
[616] Archivo nacional de Lima, _ubi sup._--Medina, Lima, I, 202.
[617] Medina, Lima, I, 47-9, 188-95, 200, 304.
[618] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Libro 40, fol. 34, 35, 36, 54.--Recop. Lib. I, Tit. xix, ll. 10, 11, 12.--Solorzani de Indiar. Gubernat., Lib. III, cap. xxiv, n. 11.
[619] In the chapter of Santiago de Chile, one of the canons, Francisco Navarro, soon after the arrival of the royal order suppressing a prebend, withdrew to the convent of San Francisco. It was claimed that his retirement vacated the benefice; the matter was referred to the king who decided, by a decree of August 31, 1635, that this was the case. The canons adopted the favorite device of obeying without executing and were supported by the Audiencia, much to the disgust of the Dean, Tomas de Santiago, who was commissioner of the Inquisition. Meanwhile another of the canons, Gerónimo Salvatierra, died and the question was finally settled by a royal order of April 6, 1638, pronouncing the vacated prebend to be that of Salvatierra.
Commissioner Santiago had become violently inimical to some of the canons in the course of this dispute and undertook to gratify his revenge, when Manuel Bautista Pérez of Lima was burnt and his property was confiscated. One of his debtors to the amount of 2000 pesos was a prominent merchant of Santiago, Pedro Martínez Gago, whose property was seized by Santiago; some of the canons were indebted to him for trifling amounts and Santiago persecuted them. The quarrel assumed portentous dimensions through the violence of his proceedings and liberal use of excommunication, when a new bishop Fray Gaspar de Villaroel, made his appearance, and undertook to reduce Santiago to submission. In this he disregarded all the immunities of the Inquisition and, being supported by the civil power and the judiciary, he vindicated his episcopal supremacy by arresting the contumacious commissioner and imprisoning him in chains. Santiago boldly strove to make head against the united secular and ecclesiastical power of the province, but was finally forced to submit. Villaroel does not seem to have suffered for his audacity. In 1651 he was transferred to the see of Arequipa and in 1658 he became Archbishop of la Plata. When he died there, in 1665, his whole fortune was found to consist of six reales.--Mackenna, La Revista de Buenos Aires, Mayo, 1870, p. 102.
[620] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Libro 40, fol. 46.
[621] Ibidem, fol. 54.
[622] Archivo de Simancas Inq., Libro 21, fol. 72.
[623] Medina, Lima, II, 165-66.
[624] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Libro 36, fol. 74.
[625] Archivo de Simancas Inquisicion, Libro 21, fol. 261.
[626] Medina, Lima, II, 48, 167.
[627] Ibidem, 166.
[628] Medina, Lima, II, 167.
[629] Ibidem, 251.
A statement of expenses for 1681 shows:
Salaries of fourteen officials pesos 23,528.0 Yearly remittance to the Suprema 9,926.3 “ “ to its Secretary 496.2 “ “ to two other secretaries and two clerks at 275 1,100.0 ------- 11,522.5 Maintenance of poor prisoners 850.0 Extraordinary expenses 2,800.0 Expenses of the cámara del secreto 250.0 --------- 38,950.5 Spent in seven years on the houses of inquisitors 7,000.0
In giving this Medina (pp. 252-3) calls attention to the fact that in this enumeration are not included the salaries of a number of other officials mentioned by the receiver, as follows:
A third secretary 1000 Notario del juzgado 1400 Contador 200 Juez de los bienes confiscados 1000 Advocate of prisoners 200 Steward 300 Solicitador 100 Barber 100 ---- 4300
There is significance in the annual payments to the secretaries of the Suprema whose good will might at any moment be useful.
[630] MSS. of White Library, Cornell University, n. 616, fol. 65.
[631] Medina, Chile, II, 396; Lima, II, 315-19, 326, 331, 352-3.--Archivo nacional de Lima, Protocolo 225, Exp^{te} 5278.--Memorias de los Vireyes, IV, 490.
A salutary regulation required each viceroy, at the expiration of his term, to draw up an account of his experience and of the condition of affairs for the benefit of his successor. These, so far as recovered, were printed at Lima in 1859, under the title of _Memorias de los Vireyes_.
[632] Medina, Lima, II, 382-3.
[633] Mackenna, p. 116.--Medina, Lima, II, 392.--Memorias de los Vireyes, VI, 51.
[634] Medina, Lima, I, 44, 47, 204, 223.
[635] Medina, Lima, I, 223-47, 251. After Villar’s term was ended, in 1590, the inquisitors prosecuted his secretary, Juan Bello, because, when some one insisted on having certain papers, Bello exclaimed impatiently that he could not have them even if God wished it, and also because he had said that he would rather have to do with demons than with the frailes.--Ibidem, p. 258.
[636] Ibidem, p. 217.
[637] Medina, Lima, I, 262, 264, 274, 277-80, 282.
[638] Medina, Lima, I, 283-6.
[639] Ibidem, pp. 327-8.
[640] Medina, Lima, I, 301, 313-17.
[641] Ibidem, pp. 317-18.
[642] Medina, Lima, I, 301-3.
[643] Ibidem, I, 329, 348.
[644] Ibidem, II, 5.
[645] Medina, Lima, II, 14-15.
[646] Ibidem, p. 16, 76-8.
[647] Medina, Lima, II, 253; Cartagena, pp. 343-44.
[648] Medina, Lima, II, 212-14.
[649] Ibidem, pp. 283, 285.
[650] Medina, Lima, II, 311-14, 317.--Joseph Bermudez de la Torre y Solier, Triunfos del S. Oficio Peruano, Lima, 1737.--Palma, p. 107.
[651] Medina, Lima, II, 318-19.
[652] Medina, Lima, II, 319.
[653] Medina, Lima, II, 320-22.
[654] Ibidem, pp. 322-26.
[655] Medina, Lima, II, 326-8, 331, 353-6.--Memorias de los Vireyes, IV, 69-72, 490-91.--Archivo nacional de Lima, Protocolo 225, Exp^{tes} 5276, 5278.
It is to the credit of Arenaza that, in the earthquake of 1746, which ruined the buildings of the Inquisition, the prisoners were rescued by his efforts, he himself sustaining injury and one of his servants being killed.--Medina, II, 331.
[656] Medina, Lima, II, 384-6, 398.
W. B. Stevenson, Secretary to Lord Cochrane, who was brought before the tribunal in 1813, shortly before the decree of suppression was received, gives a vivid description of Zalduegui--“I knew the inquisitors--but how changed from what at other times I had seen them! The pursy swarthy Abarca, in the centre, scarcely half filling his chair of state--the fat monster Zalduegui on his left, his corpulent paunch being oppressed by the arms of his chair, and blowing through his nostrils like an over-fed porpoise--the fiscal, Sobrino, on his right, knitting his black eye-brows and striving to produce in his unmeaning face the semblance of wisdom.”--Twenty Years’ Residence in South America, I, 264 (London, 1825).
[657] Hoyo, Relacion del auto de fe de 20 Dic. de 1694 (Lima, 1695).
[658] Medina, Lima, II, 183-5.
[659] Recop. de las Indias, Lib. I, Tit. xix, ley 2.
[660] Medina, Lima, I, 181.
[661] Archivo nacional de Lima, Protocolo 228, Exp^{te} 5287 (see Appendix).
[662] Medina, Lima, I, 263, 285-6, 290-2.
[663] Medina, Lima, II, 444.
[664] Ibidem, 444, 449.
[665] Medina, Lima, II, 454.
[666] Memorias de los Vireyes, IV, 487.
[667] Bibl. nacional de Madrid, Seccion de MSS., R, 102, fol. 169.--Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Libro 27, fol. 90, 106.--Memorias de los Vireyes, III, 85.
[668] Nueva Recopilacion, Lib. I, Tit. x, ley 10, n. 5.
[669] Bibl. nacional de Madrid, MSS., R, 102.--MSS. of Archivo nacional de Lima, Legajo 225, Expediente 5278.--Memorias de los Vireyes del Perú, III, 86-93.
[670] Memorias de los Vireyes, III, 94-100.
[671] Memorias de los Vireyes, IV, 73-6, 300.
[672] Memorias de los Vireyes, IV, 300-2; V, 50.
[673] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Sala 39, Legajo 52.--Archivo nacional de Lima, Protocolo 225, Exped^{te} 5278.
[674] For the large part played in South American sorcery by coca see Granada, _Reseña de antiguas y modernas Supersticiones del Río de la Plata_, pp. 26, 30, 201, 208-9, 498, 501, 578 (Montevideo, 1896).
[675] Medina, Lima, II. 35-41, 357.
[676] Medina, La Plata, pp. 129-37; Lima, I, 311; II, 45, 225, 273.
[677] Medina, Lima, I, 139, 147, 188-95; La Plata, 122.--Palma, Añales, p. 51.
[678] Medina, La Plata, pp. 122-5.
[679] Ibidem, pp. 125-6.
[680] Medina, Lima, I, 313; II, 474-8.
[681] Medina, La Plata, p. 266; Lima, II, 307, 381.
[682] Medina, Lima, I, 57-117.
[683] Ibidem, II, 34-5.
[684] Ibidem, pp. 27, 28, 30.
[685] Hoyo, Relacion del Auto de Fe de 20 Diz. 1694, fol. 54 (Lima, 1695).
[686] Hoyo, Relacion, fol. 2, 3, 34, 36, 38, 39, 43, 44, 45, 48.--Medina, Lima, II 258.
[687] Hoyo, fol. 16, 27, 28, 40, 42.
[688] Ibidem, fol. 17, 18, 39.
[689] Palma, p. 67.
[690] Hoyo, fol. 8, 9, 11, 49-50.
[691] Hoyo, fol. 50-1.
[692] Ibidem, fol. 51-3.
[693] Medina, Lima, II, 262.
[694] Medina Lima, II, 262, 264.--Index Prohib. et Expurg., 1747, I, 124. The title of Sartolo’s book was “Vida admirable y muerte prodigioso de Nicolás de Ayllon y con nombre mas que curioso Nicolás de Dios, natural de Clayo en las Indias del Perú.” Madrid, 1684.
[695] Medina, Lima, II, 241.
[696] Medina, Chile, II, 276-356, 450.--Bermudez de la Torre, Triunfos del Santo Oficio Peruano, Lima, 1737.
[697] Medina, Chile, II, 388-91, 442-8.
[698] Medina, Chile, II, 450-61.
[699] Medina, Lima, I, 150-6, 257.
[700] Ibidem, II, 29, 287, 310, 375.
[701] Archivo nacional de Lima.
[702] Medina, Chile, I, 363.
[703] Medina, Lima, I, 157; Chile, I, 359.
[704] Archivo nacional de Lima, Protocolo 228, Exp^{te} 5287.
[705] Medina, La Plata, pp. 117-19.
[706] Medina, Lima, I, 296-8.
[707] Medina, Chile, I, 371-80.
[708] Medina, Chile, I, 381; Lima, I, 305-7.
[709] Medina, Chile, I, 385-90.
The question as to the ownership of confiscations made on heretic prisoners was a nice one. When some Englishmen were captured in Vallano the tribunal laid claim to the gold that was taken with them. How the dispute was settled does not appear.--Archivo nacional de Lima, Protocolo 223, Exp^{te} 5270.
[710] Medina, Lima, II, 33; Chile I, 366, 369.
[711] Recop., Lib. VII, Tit. v, ley 29.
[712] Medina, Lima, I, 29.
[713] Ibidem, p. 157.--Palma, Añales, p. 21.
[714] Medina, Lima, I, 297.--Palma, p. 49.
[715] Medina, Lima, I, 305, 307-10.
[716] Ibidem, I, 321-23.
[717] Medina, Lima, I, 337-9. It must be borne in mind in all these cases that “reconciliation” to the Church entailed confiscation and was usually accompanied with other penalties more or less severe according to the record of the culprit and the readiness with which he had confessed and recanted as indicative of the sincerity of his conversion. There might be prison and sanbenito for a term or for life, scourging or the galleys.
[718] Ibidem, p. 341, 347.
[719] Palma, Añales, p. 31.
[720] Medina, La Plata, 155-61.
[721] Ibidem, 164-66.
[722] Medina, Lima, II, 27-31.
[723] Pablo de Santa María was originally the Rabbi Selemoh Ha-Levi, one of the most learned of Jewish doctors. Converted in 1390, he rose to be regent of Spain in the minority of Juan II, papal legate _a latere_ and bishop successively of Cartagena and Búrgos. His book was regarded as convincing and was repeatedly printed. Two editions appeared in Strassburg about 1471 and my copy is of Búrgos, 1591.
[724] Medina, La Plata, pp. 172-97; Lima, II, 146.--See also a paper by George Alexander Kohut in Publications of the Am. Jewish Historical Society, XI, 163 (1903).
[725] Medina, Lima, II, 47-168, 176. Medina prints the Relation of the auto by Fernando Montesinos. A brief abstract of it is given by Pellicer, _Avisos históricos_, under date of Feb. 7, 1640 (Valladares, Semanario erúdito, XXXI, 129).
[726] Medina, Lima, II, 169, 175, 177-8.--Palma, Añales, p. 41.
[727] Palma, Añales, pp. 38-9.
[728] Medina, Lima, II, 189-90.
[729] Medina, Lima, II, 276-80.
[730] Bermudez de la Torre, Triunfos del Santo Oficio Peruano, fol. 59-60, 154-55, 178.--Palma, Añales, pp. 105-6.--Medina, Lima, II, 312.
[731] Medina, Lima, II, 336, 341-52.
[732] Ibidem, p. 378.
[733] Palma, Añales, pp. 14-19.
[734] Bermudez de la Torre, Triunfos, pp. 136-57, 172-78.
[735] Palma, Añales, p. 139.
[736] Barnuevo de Peralta, Relacion del Auto de 1733, Lima, 1733.
[737] Bermudez de la Torre, Triunfos, fol. 146, 152.
[738] Mackenna, Francisco Moyen, _passim._--Palma, Añales, pp. 129-32.--Medina, Lima, II, 374.
[739] Medina, Lima, I, 5, 172, 330; II, 368.
[740] Medina, Lima, II, 249.
[741] Memorias de los Vireyes, IV, 472.
[742] Archivo nacional de Lima, Protocolo 225, Exp^{te} 5278.
[743] Memorias de los Vireyes, V, 85.
[744] Medina, La Plata, II, 256.
[745] Stevenson, Twenty Years in South America, I, 269.
[746] Palma, Añales, p. 176, 210.
[747] Stevenson, Twenty Years in South America, I, 261-67.
[748] Stevenson, _op. cit._, I, 267-74.--Medina, Lima, II, 398.
[749] Medina, Lima, II, 400.
[750] Palma, Añales, p. 211.
[751] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Legajo 1473.
[752] Ibidem, Libro 559.
[753] Palma, Añales, p. 213.
[754] Archivo nacional de Lima, Inventarios Originales, No. 1.
It may be of interest to put on record the personnel of the tribunal and the salaries at the moment of extinction:
Pesos. Reales. Mrs. Inquisidor mas antiguo Cristóval de Ortegon 4962 9 30 Inquisidor Anselmo Pérez de la Canal (at 3/4 of salary as ordered by Suprema) 3722 3 14 Do. fiscal José Mariano de Larrea (Do.--but with 148 additional as Juez de los bienes) 3870 3 6 Jubilado Dean Pedro Zalduegui (at 1/4 salary) 1240 6 16 “ Inquisidor José Ruiz Sobrino (Do.) 1240 6 16 Secretario del Secreto Manuel de Arizcurrunaga 1700 Do. Fran^{co} de Echavarria Momediano 1700 Do. Ramon del Valle 1700 Do. Carlos Delgado (at 1/2 salary) 850 Do. Jubilado Pablo de la Torre (Do.) 850 Secretario de Secuestros Jacinto Jimeno 1000 Receptor-general Carlos Lizon, 1900, together with 250 for collecting rents 2150 Contador Ildefonso Gereda 500 Abogado del Fisco Manuel de la Fuente y Chaves 350 Procurador del Fisco Mariano González 300 Alcaide de Carceles J. Baut. de Barnechea 900 Nuncio A. D. Eustaquio 830 Portero de Camara Manuel Leon 500 Ministro de vara Teodoro Marino 50 -------------------- 28,417 5 14 ====================
In addition Teodoro Marino is ordered to receive 33 pesos 2-1/2 reales for four months’ service as portero at the rate of 100 pesos per annum. Also there is a salary of forty reales per month as sweeper, divided between Fray Manuel Bahamonde and Fray Manuel Tinoco, who are each to receive five pesos for the months of July and August. The peso, or piece of eight reales, is the Spanish dollar.
[755] Medina, Lima, II, 466-7.
[756] José Manuel Groot, Historia eclesiastica y civil de Nueva Granada, I, 1, 7, 98 (Bogotá, 1869-71).
[757] J. A. García y García, Relaciones de los Vireyes del Nuevo Reyno de Granada, pp. xvi-xix (New York, 1869).
[758] Groot, I, 84, 504.
[759] J. T. Medina, Historia del Tribunal del Santo Oficio de la Inquisicion de Cartagena de las Indias, pp. 19-23, 430 (Santiago de Chile, 1899).
[760] Ibidem, pp. 27, 29.
[761] Ibidem, p. 423.
[762] Medina, pp. 37-41.
[763] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 45, fol. 182.
[764] Medina, p. 434.
[765] Medina, p. 46.
[766] Medina, p. 433.
[767] Ibidem, pp. 155, 163.
[768] MSS. of Library of University of Halle, Yc, 17.--Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Libro 60, fol. 352; Lib. 61, fol. 524, 534.
It does not seem that the tribunal of Cartagena had any part in a curious attempt to introduce the Inquisition into Louisiana, which was ceded to Spain by the Treaty of Paris in 1762. The disaffected colonists drove out their new masters in 1768, but were subdued the next year by O’Reilly. In 1772 the Governor, Don Luis de Unzaga, in a report to the Bishop of Havana, said “It is not the practice here to force any one to submit to the Church, and the process of excommunication is held in utter abomination.” This toleration continued and, in 1789, the Governor Estevan Miró was surprised to receive from Fray Antonio de Sedella--one of a band of Spanish Capuchins who had been sent to New Orleans in 1772--a communication stating that, in a letter of December 5th, he had received from the proper authority a commission as commissioner of the Inquisition, with instructions to perform his duties with the utmost zeal and fidelity; that, having made his investigations with the greatest secrecy and precaution, he notified the governor that, in execution of his instructions, he might soon, at some late hour of the night, deem it necessary to require some guards to assist him in his operations. That same night, April 29th, he was aroused from sleep to find at his door an officer with a file of grenadiers, when he thanked them and said that he had no use for them that night. To his astonishment he was told that he was under arrest; he was hurried on board a vessel which sailed the next day for Cádiz, and the Inquisition was nipped in the bud. Miró seems to have been called upon for an explanation, for in a despatch of June 3d he declared that he shuddered when he read Sedella’s note. He had been ordered to foster immigration from the United States, under pledge of no molestation on account of religion, and the mere name of the Inquisition in New Orleans would not only check immigration but would be capable of driving away those who had come, and, in spite of his action with Sedella, he dreaded the most fatal consequences from the mere suspicion of the causes of his dismissal. His justification seems to have been accepted, for the attempt was abandoned.--Gayarré, History of Louisiana. The Spanish Domination, pp. 56, 69, 269-71 (New York, 1854).--Fortier, History of Louisiana, II, 62, 140, 327.
It may be assumed that the motive of commissioning Sedella was rather political than religious. The uprising in France was calling for
## active measures by the Inquisition in Spain to keep out revolutionary
principles; Louisiana was French and its loyalty to Spain was doubtful, so that the Inquisition would be useful both as a source of information and an instrument of repression.
[769] Medina, pp. 42-50, 76.--Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Leg. 1465, fol. 23.
[770] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 40, fol. 51.
[771] Medina, pp. 82-96.
[772] Medina, pp. 100-1.
[773] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Libro 30, fol. 180.
[774] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Libro 30, fol. 178.
[775] Medina, pp. 211-19, 225-6.
[776] Medina, pp. 118-19.
[777] Ibidem, pp. 158-9.
[778] Ibidem, pp. 175-94.
[779] Medina, pp. 222-7.
[780] Groot, II, 473. This is not strictly correct. After an interval of many years, Inquisitor Valera published the edict in Lent, 1684, when it brought in denunciations which doubled the number of cases in hand (Medina, p. 308). Probably this was the last until the nineteenth century.
[781] Medina, pp. 346-51, 364.--Groot, I, 331-6.
[782] Medina, pp. 369-70.
[783] Medina, pp. 358, 371.
[784] Medina, pp. 359-61.
[785] Ibidem, pp. 374-6.
[786] Ibidem, p. 378.
[787] Medina, pp. 379-80, 390.--Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 25, fol. 52.
[788] Medina, pp. 380-6.
[789] Ibidem, pp. 387-9. During the suppression of the Inquisition, it was reprinted and largely circulated, forming the subject of a severe edict in 1814 (Ibid., p. 390).
[790] Ibidem, p. 390.--Suplemento al Indice Expurgatorio, p. 10 (Madrid, 1805).--Index Pii PP. VII, p. 53 (Romæ, 1819).
[791] Medina, pp. 74-8, 80.
[792] Medina, pp. 129-31.
[793] Ibidem, p. 134.
[794] Medina, pp. 135-45.
[795] Ibidem, pp. 103, 154-55.
[796] Ibidem, p. 112.
[797] Medina, pp. 146-9, 160.
[798] Ibidem, pp. 152-3.
[799] Archivo de Simancas, Gracia y Justicia, Inquisicion, Leg. 621, fol. 26.
[800] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 20, fol. 59.
[801] Medina, pp. 201-3,--Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 20, fol. 177, 299.
[802] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 61, fol. 51; Lib. 21, fol. 8.--Medina, pp. 204, 207.
[803] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 21, fol. 82, 88, 196.
[804] Medina, pp. 233-7.
[805] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 61, fol. 270.--Medina, pp. 238-9.
[806] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 38, fol. 122.
[807] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 61, fol. 130.
[808] Medina, pp. 239-45, 247-8, 257.--Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 61, fol. 130, 270.
[809] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 61, fol. 164, 175.
[810] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 61, fol. 251.
[811] Medina, pp. 249-50.
[812] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 38, fol. 31; Lib. 61, fol. 251.
[813] Medina, pp. 260-1.
[814] Ibidem, pp. 250-59.
[815] Medina, pp. 261-3.
[816] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 61, fol. 251.
[817] Medina, pp. 263-5.
[818] Medina, pp. 280-88.
[819] Medina, pp. 297-301.
[820] Medina, pp. 302-5.
[821] Of this quarrel we have two accounts. That of Sr. Medina (pp. 311-24), drawn from the records of the Inquisition, is naturally favorable to Valera. The other side is given by Groot (I, 286-306; II, 584) from a MS. relation. I have endeavored to elicit the truth from the conflicting statements.
[822] MSS. of Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 17.--Medina, p. 324.
[823] Cuaderno de Cumplimientos, fol. 62 (MSS. of White Library, Cornell University).
[824] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 60, fol. 352.
[825] MSS. of the Library of the Univ. of Halle, Yc, 17.
[826] Medina, pp. 365-7.
[827] Ibidem, p. 368.
[828] Ibidem, pp. 372-6.
[829] Medina, p. 157.
[830] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 20, fol. 59.
[831] Medina, p. 230.
[832] Ibidem, p. 231.
[833] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 36, fol. 74.--Medina, pp. 262, 265-66.
[834] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 40, fol. 112, 120.
[835] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 40, fol. 122, 132.
[836] Ibidem, fol. 139, 54.
[837] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 40, fol. 155, 151.
[838] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 40, fol. 116.
[839] Medina, pp. 367, 400.
[840] Groot, II, 230.
[841] Ibidem, pp. 226, 232.
[842] Ibidem, pp. 230-1.
[843] Medina, pp. 398-407.
[844] Medina, pp. 408-12.--Groot, II, 473.
[845] Groot, II, 472-3.
[846] Medina, pp. 414-16.
[847] Groot, III, 124, 142-3, 151.
[848] Ibidem, pp. 143-44.
[849] MSS. of Library of University of Halle, Yc, 17.
[850] Relaciones de los Vireyes del Nuevo Reino de Granada, pp. 26-8, 41-3, 67, 95, 97.
[851] Ibidem, pp. 112-14.
[852] Noticias secretas de America, pp. 489-536, 382-3 (Londres, 1826).
Juan and Ulloa were distinguished men of science, _Tenientes Generales_ of the Navy and members of the British Royal Society and of the Royal Academies of Paris, Berlin and Stockholm. Their report was so damaging as to the defenceless condition of the ports that it was jealously kept secret until, after the independence of the colonies had rendered this unimportant, a copy was procured by Don David Barry and printed in London. From casual allusions by the authors, they seem to have been good Catholics and punctual in religious observance.
[853] I give the reference to the numbers in the archives prior to their dispersion in 1881.
Typographical errors corrected by the etext transcriber:
be litte doubt=> be little doubt {pg 23}
the twefth century=> the twelfth century {pg 49}
Staaten-und Kirchengeschicte=> Staaten-und Kirchengeschichte {pg 108; FN 197}
de-details=> details {pg 166}
so conspicious of its services=> so conspicuous of its services {pg 214}
trials shoud be completed=> trials should be completed {pg 270}
certain ebullitious of blasphemy=> certain ebullitions of blasphemy {pg 321}
annoyauce and always=> annoyance and always {pg 389}
urge that instructions he sent=> urge that instructions be sent {pg 484}
large expenditures were making=> large expenditures were made {pg 503}
Ullos, Juan de, case of, 393=> Ulloa, Juan de, case of, 393 {pg 563}
of the the hated Portuguese=> of the hated Portuguese {pg 433}