Part 1

# British Pomology: Or, the History, Description, Classification, and Synonymes, of the Fruits and Fruit Trees of Great Britain ### By Hogg, Robert

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Transcriber’s Note

In this plain text version of British Pomology:

Words in italics are marked with _underscores_. Small capital letters are shown in UPPER CASE.

Variant spellings and inconsistent hyphenation are retained.

Spellings of French, German and Latin words and names are kept as originally printed.

Punctuation and formatting are inconsistent in the list of references and in headings. These have not been standardized.

As well as many abbreviations not being marked with a full stop, some words are followed by a full stop, as though they were abbreviations. These have not been standardized.

Illustrations are moved to the beginning of the description of the variety of apple which they illustrate.

Footnotes are moved to the end of the paragraph, or the description of the variety of apple, in which they occur.

Other changes that have been made are listed at the end of the book.

BRITISH POMOLOGY;

OR, THE

HISTORY, DESCRIPTION, CLASSIFICATION, AND SYNONYMES,

OF THE

FRUITS AND FRUIT TREES

OF

GREAT BRITAIN;

ILLUSTRATED WITH NUMEROUS ENGRAVINGS,

BY

ROBERT HOGG.

----------------“Fruit of all kinds, in coat Rough or smooth rind, or bearded husk or shell.”--MILTON.

THE APPLE.

“Arboris est suavis Fructus, sunt dulcia Poma, Dulcior est inquam Nectare, et Ambrosia.”

LONDON: GROOMBRIDGE AND SONS, PATERNOSTER ROW; EDINBURGH: JAMES HOGG; GLASGOW: DAVID BRYCE.

MDCCCLI.

PRINTED BY WILLIAM FORD, 28, RUSSELL COURT, BRYDGES STREET, COVENT GARDEN, LONDON.

TO MR. ROBERT THOMPSON, FOR THE IMPORTANT SERVICES HE HAS RENDERED TO THE STUDY OF POMOLOGY AND FOR HIS UNWEARIED LABORS IN DETERMINING AND ARRANGING POMOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE. THIS WORK IS DEDICATED BY HIS SINCERE FRIEND, THE AUTHOR.

PREFACE.

It is much to be regretted, that of late years, so little attention has been given in this country, to the study of pomology, and that so few efforts have been made to encourge a taste for this most important, most instructive, and intellectual branch of horticultural science.

Towards the end of the last, and beginning of the present century, when the late Mr. Knight was in the full vigor of his scientific pursuits, this was the subject which engaged so much of his powerful intellect, and from which he succeeded in producing such great and beneficial results. With Mr. Knight as president, and Mr. Sabine as secretary, the Horticultural Society of London did much for the advancement of this subject, and in extending a knowledge not only of the fruits of this country, but of the most valuable varieties of the continent of Europe, and America. Through the exertions of these gentlemen, and in conjunction with the illustrious pomologists, Dr. Diel and Professor Van Mons, and other eminent continental correspondents, was obtained that vast collection of fruits which once existed in the Society’s garden; and by means of which that great undertaking of determining and arranging the nomenclature was accomplished. During this period the Society’s Transactions teemed with rich, and interesting pomological papers, and several works of a high character were ushered into existence. Of these the most important were the Pomonas of Brookshaw and Hooker, the Pomological Magazine, and Ronalds’s Pyrus Malus Brentfordiensis; but these are all of such a class, as from their great cost to be regarded more as works of art, than of general utility. The only one which was at all calculated to be of general benefit was, Lindley’s “Guide to the Orchard;” a work which furnished descriptions of, and embraced a greater number of varieties than had hitherto been attempted. This then may be regarded as the most complete work for general reference, with which pomologists in this country had ever been furnished.

Upwards of twenty years have now elapsed since the “Guide to the Orchard” issued from the press, and during that period, Knight, Sabine, and many great patrons of pomology have entered into their rest, leaving none behind them to prosecute, with the same vigour, that study which they so much loved and adorned. But although there has been no corporate effort to promote and stimulate this study, private enterprize has not altogether been awanting to keep pace with the rapid progression of the Continent and America; but for this, we might yet have been in total ignorance of many of the most desirable fruits of modern times, and particularly of those valuable varieties, the result of the later labors of Van Mons, Esperen, and others; together with several of considerable merit, furnished by the fertile pomology of the New World.

Since the publication of Lindley’s “Guide,” therefore, there has not only been such additions to our varieties of fruits, but such a complete reformation and arrangement of pomological nomenclature as to have rendered that book, as a work of reference of considerably less value; and it was on account of the necessity for a new work, adapted to the wants of the present day, and embracing the most recent information on the subject, that I entered upon the present undertaking. The facilities I have possessed for carrying it out, are perhaps greater than fall to the lot of most men. My earliest associations were with fruits and fruit trees; the greater part of my

## active life has been engaged in their cultivation and devoted to their

study; and for nearly ten years, I had the advantage of making an annual tour throughout the length and breadth of England and Scotland, during which, I allowed no opportunity to escape of making myself acquainted with the fruits of the various districts, and securing correspondents to whom I could apply, in cases of necessity. With these advantages, I some years ago established an orchard, for the purpose of examining the distinctive characters and determining the nomenclature of fruits; and there I have succeeded, in securing all the varieties it is possible to procure, either in this country or abroad, and thereby to obtain from personal observation all the information attainable on the subject.

In the execution of this work, my object has been, not to give a mere selection of the best varieties of fruits cultivated in this country, but to describe minutely, and at length, all the varieties with their essential characters, distinguishing those which are, and those which are not worthy of cultivation. I have endeavoured to embrace all the fruits which are recorded as existing in Great Britain, and although it cannot be supposed I have been able to obtain the whole of them, still, I have secured such a number as will leave but a very small portion un-noticed. The plan which I have adopted in the general arrangement will be found to embrace all matters both descriptive, historical, and critical, touching the several varieties. The nomenclature I have followed is, except in some instances for reasons given, that of the London Horticultural Society’s Catalogue, a valuable work prepared by that patient and indefatigable pomologist, Mr. Robert Thompson. The advantage of this identity of nomenclature is evident, as it sets at rest that mass of confusion, which so long existed as to the correct names of fruits. In describing each variety, the approved name, that is the name which shall serve as a standard by which that variety shall in future be distinguished, is printed in Roman Capitals; and either abbreviated, or in full length, is annexed the name of the author who first records or describes it. When the variety is of such antiquity as not to be identified with any particular author, the name of the one who first distinctly describes it is given. Following the standard name, is the identification or list of works in which the variety is identified as being described; the synonymes or names by which it is mentioned in all works on pomology, or known in various districts; and then a list of works in which it is most correctly and faithfully figured. Then follow the description, history, and critical observations, when such are necessary. I have furnished diagrams, of the newest, rarest, and most esteemed varieties; and this mode of illustration conveys a better idea of the general character of the fruit, than a fore-shortened drawing, and answers the same purpose as a highly finished engraving, without swelling the price of the work to such an extent, as to render it unavailable for ordinary use. At the end, I have given lists of the most excellent varieties adapted for various districts of the country, as also such as are suited for being grown as Standards, Dwarfs, and for Cyder. The whole work is terminated by a copious index, which includes all the synonymes, and which of itself, will afford much valuable assistance, in all matters relating to pomological nomenclature.

It now remains for me to acknowledge the favors I have received from many kind friends, who have, by furnishing materials and information, rendered me much valuable assistance. To Mr. Robert Thompson, already mentioned, I am particularly indebted for the liberal way in which he has always supplied me with any information I required. To the late Mr. John Ronalds, of Brentford, for the free use of his valuable collection; as also to his excellent and much respected foreman, Mr. William Waring. To Mr. James Lake, nurseryman, of Bridgewater, for specimens of, and communications respecting the fruits of the Somerset, Devon, and West of England orchards. To Mr. William Fairbread, of Green-street, near Sittingbourne, for those of the great orchard districts of Kent. To Mr. Mannington, of Uckfield, and Mr. Henry Barton, of Heathfield, Sussex, for the fruits of these neighbourhoods. To Mr. J. C. Wheeler, of Gloucester, and the late Mr. Hignell, orchardist, of Tewkesbury. To George Jefferies, Esq., of Marlborough Terrace, Kensington, for some of the valuable fruits of Norfolk; and to the Rev. Henry Manton, of Sleaford. To Mr. Roger Hargreave, of Lancaster, for a complete collection from the Lancashire orchards. To Archibald Turnbull, Esq., of Belwood, near Perth, whose choice and extensive collection, was freely placed at my disposal. To Mr. A. Gorrie, of Annat, and Robert Mathew, Esq., of Gourdiehill, in the Carse of Gowrie, for much valuable information, and specimens of the fruits of that great orchard district of the North. To Mr. Evans, superintendent of the Caledonian Horticultural Society’s Garden, Edinburgh, for much valuable assistance derived from a free inspection of the collection of the Society. To my brother, Mr. Thomas Hogg, of Coldstream, for the fruits of the Tweedside orchards, and to numerous nurserymen and private individuals, who have aided me in the prosecution of this work, I now tender my warmest and heartfelt thanks.

R. H.

_13, Gilston Road, Brompton, Dec., 1851._

ABBREVIATIONS, AND LIST OF BOOKS REFERRED TO IN THE FOLLOWING WORK.

_Aber. Dict._ } _Aber. Gard. Dict._ } The Universal Gardener and Botanist; or a General Dictionary of Gardening and Botany, by John Abercrombie, 1 vol. 4to., _London,_ 1778.

_Acc, or acc._--When this abbreviation is prefixed to a citation, it signifies _according to_, or _on the authority of_, as _acc Hort Soc. Cat_, according to, or on the authority of the Horticultural Society’s Catalogue.

_Aldro. Dend._--Ulyssis Aldrovandi, Dendrologiæ naturalis scilicet Arborum Historiæ libri duo. Sylva Glandaria, Acinosumque Pomarium. 1 vol. fol. _Bononiæ_, 1668.

_Ang. Obs._--Observations sur L’Agriculture, et Le Jardinage, pour servir d’instruction à ceux qui desireront s’y rendre habiles, par Angran de Rueneuve. 2 vols. 12mo., _Paris_, 1712.

_Aust. Orch._ } _Aust. Treat._ } A Treatise of Fruit Trees, shewing the manner of Grafting, Planting, Pruning, and Ordering of them, in all respects, according to new and easy rules of Experience, &c. &c., by Ralph Austen. 1 vol. 4to.,_Oxford_, 1657.

_Bauh. Hist._--Historia Plantarum universalis, Johanno Bauhino. 3 vols. fol. _Ebroduni._ i and ii. 1650, iii. 1651.

_Baum. Cat._--Catalogue général des Végétaux de pleine terre, disponsibles dans l’etablishment horticole d’Aug. Nap. Baumann à Bolwyller, 1850-51.

_Bon. Jard._--Le Bon Jardinier almanach pour l’année, 1843. _Paris._

_Booth Cat._--A Catalogue of Fruit Trees cultivated by G. Booth, Hamburg.

_Brad. Fam. Dict._--Dictionaire Oeconomique; or Family Dictionary, &c. &c., by Richard Bradley. 2 vols. fol. _London_, 1725.

_Brad. Treat._--A General Treatise of Husbandry and Gardening, by Richard Bradley. 3 vols. 8vo., _London_, 1721-1722.

_Bret. Ecole._--L’Ecole du Jardin Fruitier, par M. de la Bretonnerie. 2 vols. 12mo. _Paris_, 1784.

_Brook. Pom. Brit._--Pomona Britannica; or a collection of the most established fruits at present cultivated in Great Britain, &c., by George Brookshaw. 1 vol. fol. _London_, 1812.

_Caled. Hort. Soc. Mem._--Memoirs of the Caledonian Horticultural Society, 8vo. _Edinburgh_, vol. I. 1819, _et seq._

_Cal. Traité._--Traité complet sur les Pépiniers &c., par Etienne Calvel. ed. 2, 3 vols. 12mo., _Paris._ _N. D._

_Chart. Cat._--Catalogue des Arbres à Fruits les plus excellent, les plus rares, et les plus estimés, qui se cultivent dans les pépiniers des Révérendes Peres Chartreux de Paris. 1 vol. 12mo., _Paris_, 1775.

_Christ Gartenb._--Allgemein-practisches Gartenbuch für Bürger und Landmann über den Küchen-und Obstgarten, von Dr. Joh. Ludw. Christ. 1 vol. 8vo. _Heilbronn_, 1814.

_Christ Handb._--Handbuch uber die Obstbaumzucht und Obstlehre, &c., von Joh. Ludw. Christ. 1 vol. 8vo., _Frankfurt a M._, ed. 1, 1794; ed. 2, 1797; ed. 3, 1804; ed 4, 1817.

_Christ Handworter._--Pomologisches Theoretisch-practisches Handworterbuch, &c. von Joh. Ludw. Christ. 1 vol 4to. _Leipzig_, 1802.

_Christ Vollst. Pom._--Vollständige Pomologie &c. &c. von Joh. Ludw. Christ. 2 vols. 8vo., _Frankfurt_, 1809.

_Coles Adam in Eden._--Adam in Eden, or Nature’s Paradise. The History of Plants, Fruits, and Flowers, by William Coles. 1 vol. fol., _London_, 1657.

_Cord. Hist._--Valerii Cordi Historiæ Stirpium Libri iv. 1 vol. fol., _Argentorati_, 1561.

_Cours Comp. d.Agric._--Nouveau Cours complet d’Agriculture, par M. M. Thouin, Parmentier, Bosc, Chaptal, &c. &c., 16 vols. 8vo., _Paris_, 1823.

_Coxe View._ } _Coxe Cult._ } A View of the cultivation of Fruit Trees in the United States, and of the management of Orchards and Cyder, by William Coxe, 1 vol. 8vo., _Philadelphia_, 1817.

_Curtius Hort._--Hortorum Libri xxx, auctore Benedicto Curtio. 1 vol. fol., _Lugduni_ 1560.

_Dahuron Traité._--Traité de la taille des Arbres Fruitiers, et de la maniere de les bien elever, par Renè Dahuron. 1 vol. 12mo., _Cell_, 1699.

_Dec. Prod._--Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetablis. Aug. Pyr. Decandolle, 8vo., _Paris_, vol. 1, 1824, _et seq._

_Diel Kernobst._--Versuch einer systematischen Beschreibung in Deutschland vorhandener Kernobstsorten, von Dr. Aug. Fried. Adr. Diel. 21 Hfte 8vo., _Frankfurt a M._, 1799-1819. 6 Bdchn, _Stuttgart_, 1821.-1832.

_Ditt. Handb._--Systematisches Handbuch der Obstkunde, von J. G. Dittrich. 3 vols. 8vo., _Jena_, 1839-1841.

_Doch. Centralobst._--Die Allgemeine Centralobstbaumschule, irhe Zwecke und Einrichtung von F. J. Dochnahl. 1 vol. 8vo., _Jena_, 1848.

_Down. Fr. Amer._--The Fruit and Fruit Trees of America; or the culture and management in the garden and orchard of Fruit Trees generally, by A. J. Downing. 1 vol. 8vo., _New York_, 1845.

_Duh. Arb. Fruit._--Traité des Arbres Fruitiers; contenant leur figure, leur description, leur culture &c., par Henri Louis Duhamel du Monceau. 2 vols. 4to _Paris_, 1768.

_Ellis Mod. Husb._--The Modern Husbandman, or the Practice of Farming, by William Ellis. 8 vols. 8vo., _London_, 1744-1747.

_Evelyn Fr. Gard._--The French Gardiner; instructing how to cultivate all sorts of Fruit Trees and Herbs for the garden, &c., by John Evelyn, Esq. Ed. 3, 1 vol. 12mo., _London_, 1672.

_Evelyn Pom._--Pomona: or an appendix concerning Fruit Trees, in relation to Cyder; the making, and several ways of ordering it, by John Evelyn. Published with the Sylva. 1 vol. fol., _London_, 1829.

_Filass. Tab._--Tableau générale des principeaux objects qui composent la Pépiniere, dirigée par M. Filassier. 1 vol. _Paris_, 1785.

_Fors. Treat._--A Treatise on the culture and management of Fruit Trees, by William Forsyth. Ed. 7, 1 vol. 8vo. _London_, 1824.

_Gallesio Pom. Ital._--Pomona Italiana ossia trattato degli Alberi Fruttiferi di Georgeo Gallesio. fol. _Pisa_, 1817. _et seq._

_Gard. Chron._--The Gardener’s Chronicle and Agricultural Gazette, edited by Professor Lindley. fol. _London_, 1841, _et seq._

_Ger. Herb._--The Herbal, or General History of Plants, by John Gerard. 1 vol. fol., _London_, 1597.

_Gibs. Fr. Gard._--The Fruit Gardener, containing the manner of raising stocks, for multiplying of Fruit Trees by budding, grafting, &c. &c. 1 vol. 8vo., _London_, 1768. ⁂ The authorship of this work is ascribed to John Gibson, Esq., M.D., at one time a surgeon in the Royal Navy.

_Googe Husb._--The whole Art and Trade of Husbandry contained in foure books, by Barnaby Googe, Esq. 1 vol. 4to., _London_, 1614.

_H._--When this initial of the author’s name is placed after the standard name of any variety, it signifies, that that variety has not been recorded or described in any previous work.

_Henne Anweis._--Anweisung wie man eine Baumschule von Obstbäumen in grossen anlegen und gehörig unterhalten solle, von Sam. Dav. Lud. Henne. Ed. 3, 1 vol. 8vo., _Halle_, 1776.

_Hitt Treat._--A Treatise of Fruit Trees, by Thomas Hitt, ed. 3, 1 vol 8vo. _London_, 1768.

_Hook. Pom. Lond._--Pomona Londonensis, &c., by William Hooker. 1 vol. 4to., _London_, 1813.

_Hort. Soc. Cat._-- } _H. S. C._ } A Catalogue of the Fruits cultivated in the garden of the Horticultural Society of London. 1 vol. 8vo., _London_. Ed. 1, 1826. Ed. 2, 1842. Ed. 3, 1843. ⁂ The second and third Editions of this work, were prepared by Mr. Robert Thompson, the superintendent of the Fruit department in the Society’s Garden.

_Hort. Trans._--Transactions of the Horticultural Society of London, 4to., _London_, vol. 1, 1813, _et seq._

_Husb. Fr. Orch._--The Husbandman’s Fruitfull Orchard, &c. &c. 1 vol. 4to, _London_, 1597.

_Ibid._--When this abbreviation is made use of among the synonymes, it refers to the same work as is quoted immediately preceding it.

_Inst. Arb. Fruict._--Instructions pour les Arbres Fructiers, par M. R. T. P. D. S. M. Ed. 3, 1 vol. 12mo., _Roven_, 1659.

_Jard. Franç._--Le Jardinier François, qui enseigne à cultiver les Arbres, Herbes, Potageres, &c. &c. Ed. 4, 1 vol. 12mo., _Paris_, 1653.

_Jard. Fruit._--See _Nois. Jard. Fruit._

_Ken. Amer. Or._--The New American Orchardist, by William Kenrick. 1 vol. 8vo., _Boston_, 1833.

_Knoop Pom._--Pomologie; ou description des meilleurs sortes des Pommes et des Poires, &c. &c. 1 vol. fol. _Amsterdam_, 1771.

_Lang. Pom._--Pomona; or the Fruit Garden illustrated, by Batty Langley. 1 vol. fol., _London_, 1729.

_Laws. Cat._--Catalogue of Fruit Trees, et cætera. Peter Lawson and Son, _Edinburgh_, 1851.

_Laws. New. Or._-- } _Laws. Orch._ } A New Orchard and Garden; or the best way for planting, grafting, and to make any ground good for a rich orchard, &c., by William Lawson. 1 vol. 4to., _London_ 1597.

_Leslie & Anders. Cat._--Catalogue of Hardy Shrubs, Greenhouse and Hothouse Plants, Fruit and Forest Trees, &c., &c., sold by Leslie, Anderson, and Co., _Edinburgh_, 1780.

_Lind. Guide._--A Guide to the Orchard and Kitchen Garden; or an account of the most valuable Fruit and Vegetables cultivated in Great Britain, by George Lindley. 1 vol. 8vo., _London_, 1831.

_Lind. Plan. Or._--A Plan of an Orchard, by George Lindley, 1796.

_M. C. H. S._--See _Caled. Hort. Soc. Mem._

_McInt. Orch._--The Orchard, including the management of Wall and Standard Fruit Trees, by Charles McIntosh. 1 vol. 8vo, _London_, 1839.

_Maund Fruit._--The Fruitist, by Benjamin Maund, 4to., _London_, published along with Maund’s British Flower Garden.

_Mayer Pom. Franc._--Pomona Franconica; oder natürliche Abbildung und Beschreibung der besten und vorzüglichsten Europaischen Gattungen der Obstbäumen und Fruchte, von J. Mayer. 3 vols. 4to., _Nürenberg_, 1776-1801.

_Meager Eng. Gard._--The English Gardener; or a sure Guide to young planters and gardeners, in three parts, by Leonard Meager. 1 vol. 4to., _London_, 1670.

_Merlet Abrégé._--Abrégé des bons fruits, avec la maniere de les connoitre et de cultiver les arbres, par Jean Merlet. ed. 2, 1 vol. 12mo., _Paris_, 1675.

_Meyen Bäumsch._--Physicalisch-oeconomische Bäumschule, &c., von J. J. Meyer. _Stettin_, 1795.

_Mid. Flor._--The Midland Florist, by William Wood. 12mo., _Nottingham_, V. Y.

_Mill. Dict._--The Gardener’s Dictionary, by Philip Miller, ed. 8, 1 vol. fol. _London_, 1768.

_Miller & Sweet Cat._--A Catalogue of Fruit and Forest Trees, &c. Sold by Miller and Sweet, nurserymen, _Bristol_, 1790.

_Nicol Gard. Kal._--The Gardener’s Kalendar; or Monthly Directory of operations in every branch of Horticulture, by Walter Nicol. 1 vol. 8vo., _Edinburgh_, 1810.

_Nicol Villa Gard._--The Villa Garden Directory; or Monthly Index of work to be done in the town and villa gardens, by Walter Nicol. 1 vol. 8vo., _Edinburgh_, 1809.

_Nois. Jard. Fruit._--Le Jardin Fruitier, par Louis Noisette. ed. 1, 3 vols. 4to., _Paris_, 1821. ed. 2, 2 vols. 8vo., _Paris_, 1839.

_Nourse Camp. Fel._--Campania Felix; or a Discourse of the benefits, and improvements of Husbandry, by Tim. Nourse. 1 vol. 8vo., _London_, 1700.

_Park. Par._--Paradisi in sole Paradisius Terrestris, &c., by John Parkinson. 1. vol. fol. _London_, 1629.

_Philips Cyder._--Cyder, a Poem in two books, by John Philips. 1 vol. 8vo., _London_, 1708.

_Plin. Hist. Nat._--C. Plinii Secundi, Historiæ Mundi Libri xxxvii, annotat. Jacobi Dalechampi. 1 vol. fol., _Frankfurt ad Moenum_, 1599.

_Poit. et. Turp._--Traité des Arbres Fruitiers de Duhamel, nouvelle edition augmentée, par Poiteau et Turpin. 5 vols. fol. _Paris_, 1808, _et seq._

_Poit. Pom. Franç_--Pomologie Française; Receuil des plus beaux fruits cultivés en France, par Poiteau., 4to., _Paris_, 1838, _et seq_

_Pom. Heref._--Pomona Herefordienses; or a descriptive account of the old Cyder and Perry fruits of Herefordshire, by Thomas Andrew Knight. 1 vol. 4to., _London_, 1809.

_Pom. Lond._--See _Hook. Pom. Lond._

_Pom. Mag._--The Pomological Magazine; or Figures and Descriptions of the most important varieties of Fruits cultivated in Great Britain. 3 vols. 8vo. _London_, 1827-1830.

_Portæ Villæ_--Villæ Jo. Baptistæ Portæ, Neopolitani Libri xii. 1 vol. 4to, _Frankfurti_, 1592.

_Quint. Inst._--Instructions pour les Arbres Fruitiers et Potageres, par M. de la Quintinye. 2 vols. 4to., _Paris_, 1695.

_Quint. Traité._--See _Quint. Inst._

_Raii. Hist._--Historia Plantarum, Joannis Raii. 3 vols. fol., _Londini_, 1686, 1693, and 1704.

_Rea Pom._--Flora, Ceres, et Pomona, by John Rea. 1 vol. fol. _London_, 1665.

_Riv. Cat._--Catalogue of Fruit Trees cultivated by Thomas Rivers, nurseryman, Sawbridgeworth, Herts, V. Y.

_Riv. et Moul. Meth._--Methode pour bien cultiver les Arbres Fruits et pour élever des Treilles. par De La Riviere & Du Moulin. 1 vol. 12mo., _Utrecht_, 1738.

_Rog. Fr. Cult._--The Fruit Cultivator, being a practical and accurate description of all the most esteemed species and varieties of Fruit, cultivated in the Gardens and Orchards of Britain, by John Rogers. 1 vol. 8vo., _London_, 1837.

_Ron. Cat._--Catalogue of Fruit Trees cultivated by Hugh Ronalds and Sons, Brentford, Middlesex.

_Ron. Pyr Mal._--Pyrus Malus Brentfordiensis; or a concise description of selected apples, with a figure of each sort, by Hugh Ronalds. 1 vol. 4to., _London_, 1831.

_Salisb. Orch._--Hints addressed to proprietors of Orchards and to growers of fruit in general, &c. &c., by William Salisbury. 1 vol. 8vo., _London_, 1816.

_Saltz. Pom._--Pomologie oder Fruchtlehre enthaltend eine Anweisung alles in freier Luft unseres klimas Wachsende Obst, &c., zu erkennen, von F. Z. Saltzmann. 1 vol. 8vo., _Berlin_, 1793.

_Schab. Prat._--La Pratique du Jardinage, par. L’Abbé Roger Schabol. 2 vols. 8vo., _Paris_, 1774.

_Sickler Obstgärt._--Der Teutsche Obstgärtner, von J. B. Sickler. 22 vols. 8vo., _Weimar_, 1794-1804.

_Switz. Fr. Gard._--The Practical Fruit Gardener, by Stephen Switzer. 1 vol. 8vo., _London_, 1724.

_Thomp._--Where this abbreviation is made use of, it refers to the authority of Mr. Robert Thompson, author of the Horticultural Society’s Catalogue of Fruits, and many valuable pomological and other scientific papers.

_Toll. Traité._--Traité des Végétaux qui composent l’Agriculture de l’empire Française par Tollard. 1 vol. 8vo., _Paris_, 1805.

_Tragus. Hist._--Hieronymi Tragi De Stirpium, &c. interprete Davide Kybro. 1 vol. 4to., _Argentorati_, 1552.

_Walter Gartenb._--Allgemeine Deutsches Gartenbuch, von J. J. Walter. 1 vol. 8vo, _Stuttgart_, 1799.

_West. Bot._--The Universal Botanist and Nurseryman, containing descriptions of the species and varieties of all the Trees, Shrubs, Herbs, Flowers, and Fruits, native and exotics, &c., by Richard Weston. 4 vols. 8vo., _London_, 1770, 1774.

_Willich Dom. Encyc._--The Domestic Encyclopedia, by A. F. M. Willich. 5 vols. 8vo., _London_.

_Worl. Vin._--Vinetum Britannicum, or a Treatise of Cyder, and such other Wines and Drinks, that are extracted from all manner of fruits growing in this Kingdom, by J. Worlidge. 1 vol. 8vo., _London_, 1676.

_Zink. Pom._--Dieser Pomologie, von J. C. Zink. 1 vol. fol., _Nürnberg_, 1766.

BRITISH POMOLOGY.

ETC. ETC. ETC.

THE APPLE.