Part 13

SYNONYMES.--Dainty Apple, _Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 1, 234. Downy, _Ibid._ 275. Sam Rawlings, _acc. Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 3.

FIGURES.--Pom. Mag. t. 53. Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xxviii. f. 1.

Fruit, large, three inches and a half wide, and two inches and three quarters high; roundish, somewhat flattened and angular. Skin, yellowish, marked with broad pale red stripes on the shaded side; and broad broken stripes of bright crimson on the side next the sun; the whole surface entirely covered with a thick bloom, like thin hoar frost. Eye, very small, set in a shallow and plaited basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a wide and round cavity. Flesh, yellowish-white, tinged with red at the surface under the skin, brisk, juicy, rich, and slightly acid.

A beautiful and very good culinary apple, of second-rate quality; it is in use from October to December.

174. HOLLANDBURY.--Hort.

IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 338.

SYNONYMES.--Hollingbury, _Fors. Treat._ 107. Hawberry Pippin, _acc. Hort. Soc Cat._ ed. 3. Horsley Pippin, _Ibid._ Beau Rouge, _Ibid._ Bonne Rouge, _Ibid._ Howbury Pippin, _Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 1, 467. Kirke’s Scarlet Admirable, _Rog. Fr. Cult._ 38. Kirke’s Schöner Rambour, _Diel. Kernobst._ v. B. 52.

FIGURES.--Brook. Pom. Brit. pl. xciii. f. 5. Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl xl. f. 2.

Fruit, very large, three inches and three quarters wide, and three inches high; roundish and flattened, with irregular and prominent angles or ribs extending from the base to the apex. Skin, deep yellow, tinged with green on the shaded side; but bright deep scarlet where exposed to the sun, generally extending over the whole surface. Eye, closed, with long acuminate segments, and set in a wide and deep basin. Stalk, short and slender, inserted in a deep funnel-shaped cavity, which is generally lined with russet. Flesh, white, with a slight tinge of green, delicate, tender and juicy, with a brisk and pleasant flavor.

A beautiful and showy apple for culinary purposes, but not of first-rate quality; it is in use from October to Christmas.

The tree is a strong and vigorous grower, but not a very abundant bearer. It succeeds well on the paradise stock.

175. HOLLAND PIPPIN.--Langley.

IDENTIFICATION.--Lang. Pom. 134, t. lxxix. f. 1. Mill. Dict. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 339. Lind. Guide, 51. Down. Fr. Amer. 86.

SYNONYMES.--Summer Pippin, _acc. Down._ Pie Pippin, _Ibid._

Fruit, large, three inches wide, and two inches and a half high; roundish and flattened, with ribs on the sides. Skin, greenish-yellow, with a slight tinge of pale brown where exposed to the sun, and strewed with large green dots. Eye, small and closed, set in a round, narrow, and plaited basin. Stalk, very short, embedded in a wide and deep cavity. Flesh, yellowish-white, firm, tender, juicy, sugary, and briskly acid.

A valuable apple, of first-rate quality for culinary purposes; it is in use from November to March.

The tree is a strong grower, vigorous, healthy, and a good bearer.

This is the Holland Pippin of Langley and Miller, but not of Ray or Ralph Austen, who make it synonymous with the Kirton Pippin, which Ray describes as being small and oblate, and the same as is called Broad-eye in Sussex. The Holland Pippin is a native of the Holland district of Lincolnshire, hence its name.

176. HOLLOW CORE.--H.

[Illustration]

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half wide, and three inches high; conical, irregular in its outline, ribbed, and distinctly four-sided; at about four-fifths of its length towards the crown it is very much contracted and swells out again towards the eye, altogether very much resembling a codlin in shape. Skin, smooth and shining, pale grass green on the shaded side, and covered with a cloud of pale red next the sun, thinly strewed with dots, which are red on the exposed, and dark green on the shaded side. Eye, small and closed, set in a narrow, contracted, and plaited basin, which is surrounded with several small knobs. Stalk, green and downy, half-an-inch long, inserted in a narrow, close, and deep basin, which is quite smooth. Flesh, white, very tender and delicate, with a brisk, mild, and pleasant flavor. Core, very large, with open cells.

An excellent culinary apple, with a fine perfume; ripe in September.

This variety is extensively grown in Berkshire, particularly about Newbury and Reading, whence large quantities are sent to London for the supply of Covent Garden Market.

177. HOLLOW CROWNED PIPPIN.--Hort.

IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 341. Lind. Guide, 72.

SYNONYME.--Hollow-eyed Pippin, _Fors. Treat._ 107.

Fruit, medium sized; oblato-oblong, the same width at the apex as the base, and slightly angular on the sides. Skin, pale green, becoming yellow at maturity, with a faint blush of red where it is exposed to the sun. Eye, large, and set in a wide and deep basin. Stalk, short, thick, and curved, inserted in a rather deep cavity. Flesh, firm, juicy, sugary, and briskly acid.

An excellent culinary apple; in use from November to February.

178. HOOD’S SEEDLING.--Ronalds.

IDENTIFICATION AND FIGURE.--Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xxiii. f. 5.

This appears to me to be identical with the Scarlet Pearmain. The fruit is exactly the same, and not distinguishable from it. The only difference I can detect is, that the young trees are more strong and vigorous than that variety; but the distinction is altogether so slight, that if not really identical, they are so similar as not to require separate descriptions.

179. HORMEAD PEARMAIN.--Hort.

IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 545.

SYNONYMES.--Arundel Pearmain, _Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 1, 744. Hormead Pippin _Ibid._ 462.

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half wide, and the same in height; of the true pearmain-shape, regular and handsome. Skin, of an uniform clear yellow, strewed with brown russety dots. Eye, large and closed, with long segments, and set in a shallow and uneven basin. Stalk, very short and stout, deeply inserted. Flesh, white, tender, very juicy, and pleasantly acid.

An excellent apple, of first-rate quality for culinary use, and suitable also for the dessert; it is in season from October to March.

180. HORSHAM RUSSET.--Lind.

IDENTIFICATION.--Lind. in Hort. Trans. vol. iv. p. 69. Lind. Guide, 89.

Fruit, about the size of the Nonpareil, but not so regular in its outline, generally about two inches and a quarter in diameter, and two inches deep. Eye, small and closed, in a small depression without angles. Stalk, short, rather thick, rather deeply inserted in a wide, uneven cavity. Skin, pale green, covered with a thin, yellowish-grey russet round its upper part, with a pale salmon-colored tinge on the sunny side. Flesh, greenish-white, firm, crisp. Juice, plentiful, of a high aromatic Nonpareil flavor.

A dessert apple; in season from November till March.

Raised from the seed of a Nonpareil about thirty years ago (1821), by Mrs. Goose, of Horsham St. Faith’s, near Norwich. It is a very hardy tree, and a good bearer.

180. HOSKREIGER.--Hort.

IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 343.

SYNONYME.--Heidelocher, _acc. Hort. Soc. Cat._

FIGURE.--Maund. Fruit. pl. 51.

Fruit, large, three inches and a half wide, and two inches and three quarters high; roundish and considerably flattened, almost oblate. Skin, of a fine grass-green, which changes as it ripens to yellowish-green, and marked with broad streaks of pale red, on the side next the sun, which is strewed with rather large russety freckles. Eye, small and open, with erect, acute segments, and placed in a rather deep, narrow, and undulating basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a round, funnel-shaped cavity, which is lined with pale brown russet. Flesh, white, tender, crisp, and juicy, with a brisk and pleasant flavor.

A first-rate culinary apple; in use from November till March.

The tree is a vigorous and healthy grower, and an abundant bearer.

181. HUBBARD’S PEARMAIN.--Lind.

IDENTIFICATION.--Lind. in Hort. Trans. vol. iv. p. 68. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 546.

SYNONYMES.--Hubbard’s, _Fors. Treat._ 108. Russet Pearmain, _acc. Fors. Treat._ Golden Vining, _acc. Pom. Mag._ Hammon’s Pearmain, _acc. Riv. Cat._

FIGURE.--Pom. Mag. t. 27.

[Illustration]

Fruit, small; ovate, and regularly formed. Skin, covered with pale brown russet, and where any portion of the ground color is exposed, it is yellowish-green on the shaded side, and brownish-red next the sun; but sometimes it is almost free from russet, particularly in hot seasons, being then of an uniform yellowish-green, mottled with orange or pale red next the sun. Eye, small and closed, with short segments, and set in a shallow basin. Stalk, short, about half-an-inch long, inserted in a round and even cavity. Flesh, yellow, firm, not juicy, but very rich, sugary, and highly aromatic.

This is one of the richest flavored dessert apples; it is in use from November to April.

The tree is a small grower, but healthy, hardy, and an abundant bearer.

Hubbard’s Pearmain was first introduced to public notice by Mr. George Lindley, at a meeting of the London Horticultural Society in 1820. “This,” says Mr. Lindley, “is a real Norfolk apple, well known in the Norwich market; and although it may be found elsewhere, its great excellence may have caused its removal hence. The merits of Hubbard’s Pearmain as a table apple are unrivalled, and its superior, from the commencement of its season to the end, does not, I am of opinion, exist in this country.”

182. HUGHES’S GOLDEN PIPPIN.--Hooker.

IDENTIFICATION.--Hook. Pom. Lond. t. 26. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 284. Lind. Guide, 18. Rog. Fr. Cult. 85.

SYNONYME.--Hughes’s New Golden Pippin, _Fors. Treat._ 108. _Diel Kernobst._ x. 97.

FIGURES.--Pom. Mag. t. 132. Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xviii. f. 4.

Fruit, below medium size, two inches and a half wide, and two inches high; round, and flattened at both extremities. Skin, rich yellow, covered with large, green, and russety dots, which are thickest round the eye. Eye, open, with short, flat, acuminate segments, which are generally reflexed at the tips, and set in a wide, shallow, and plaited basin. Stalk, very short, and not at all depressed, being sometimes like a small knob on the flattened base. Flesh, yellowish-white, firm, rich, brisk, juicy, sugary, and aromatic.

A dessert apple of first-rate quality; in use from December to February.

The tree is hardy, and healthy, though not a strong grower, the shoots being long and slender. It is also an excellent bearer.

183. HUNT’S DEUX ANS.--Hort.

IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 201.

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, by two inches and a half high; somewhat conical, irregularly formed, and angular. Skin, greenish, and covered with grey russet on the shaded side; but redish-brown covered with grey russet, and large russety dots, on the side exposed to the sun. Eye, large, and open, with long, spreading, acuminate segments, placed in a deep, angular, and irregular basin. Stalk, half-an-inch long, inserted in a deep, oblique cavity, and not extending beyond the base. Flesh, yellowish-white tinged with green, firm and leathery, juicy and sugary, with a rich and highly aromatic flavor, very similar to, and little inferior to the Ribston Pippin.

A dessert apple of the first quality, whether as regards its long duration, or the peculiar richness of its flavor: it is in use from December to March; but according to Mr. Thompson--no mean authority--it will keep for two years. It may, however, be a question whether or not this is identical with the Hunt’s Deux Ans of the Horticultural Society, which Mr. Thompson regards as only a second-rate fruit. If it is the same, the climate of Somersetshire, whence I had both trees and specimens of the fruit, is more adapted for bringing it to perfection than that of Chiswick.

184. HUNT’S DUKE OF GLOUCESTER--Hort.

IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Trans. vol. iv. p. 525. Lind. Guide, 90. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 222.

Fruit, below medium size; roundish ovate. Skin, almost entirely covered with thin russet, except a spot on the shaded side, where it is green; and where exposed to the sun it is of a redish-brown. Flesh, white tinged with green, crisp, juicy, and highly flavored.

A dessert apple of first-rate quality; in use from December to February.

This variety was raised from a seed of the old Nonpareil, to which it bears a strong resemblance, by Dr. Fry of Gloucester, and received the name it now bears, from being sent to the Horticultural Society of London, by Thomas Hunt Esq., of Stratford-on-Avon, in 1820. Mr. Lindley gives Hunt’s Nonpariel as a synonyme of Duke of Gloucester; but it is a very distinct variety; it was, however, a seedling raised by Mr. Hunt from the Duke of Gloucester, and is a very first-rate variety.

185. HUNTHOUSE.--Hort.

IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 347. Rog. Fr. Cult. 57.

Fruit, of medium size, two inches and three quarters wide, by two inches and a half high; conical, ribbed on the sides, and terminated at the apex, with rather prominent knobs. Skin, at first grass-green, but changing as it ripens to greenish-yellow; where exposed to the sun it is tinged with red, and marked with small crimson dots and a few short broken streaks of the same color; but where shaded it is veined with thin brown russet, particularly about the eye, and very thinly strewed with russety dots. Eye, large, half open, with broad flat segments, set in a narrow, and deeply furrowed basin. Stalk, an inch long, straight, inserted in a very shallow cavity, sometimes between two fleshy lips, but generally with a fleshy protuberance on one side of it. Flesh, greenish-white, firm, tender, and with a brisk, but rather coarse and rough acid flavor.

A useful culinary apple; in use from December to March.

Its chief recommendation is, the immense productiveness of the tree, which is rather small, with pendulous shoots, and extremely hardy; it succeeds in exposed situations where many other varieties could not grow. Rogers says, “it is a tree of the third class in the orchard, and will answer well in exposed situations, trained as dwarfs or half-standards, it being equal in hardihood, and very fit to be planted along with the Grey Leadington.”

This variety was discovered at Whitby, in Yorkshire, where it is extensively cultivated.

186. HUTTON SQUARE.--H.

[Illustration]

Fruit, large; roundish-ovate, and irregular in its outline, being much bossed on the sides, and knobbed about the eye and the stalk. Skin, smooth, dull greenish-yellow where shaded, and strewed with minute russety dots; but washed with dull red next the sun, and dotted with black dots. Eye, small and closed, placed in an angular and plaited basin. Stalk, short, deeply embedded in an angular cavity. Flesh, white, firm, crisp, sweet, briskly and pleasantly flavored.

A valuable culinary apple of first-rate quality, and not unsuitable for the dessert, where a brisk and poignant flavored apple is preferred; it is in use from November to March.

This variety is extensively grown about Lancaster; and is said to have originated at the village of Hutton, in that vicinity.

The tree is an excellent bearer.

187. IRISH PEACH.--Hort.

IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 527. Lind. Guide, 4. Down. Fr. Amer. 74.

SYNONYMES.--Early Crofton, _Hort. Trans._ vol. viii. p. 321. _Ron. Pyr. Mal._ 15.

FIGURES.--Pom. Mag. t. 100. Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. viii. f. 1.

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, by two inches and a quarter high; roundish, somewhat flattened, and slightly angular. Skin, smooth, pale yellowish-green, tinged with dull redish-brown, and thickly dotted with green dots on the shaded side; but fine lively red, mottled and speckled with yellow spots on the side exposed to the sun. Eye, small and closed, set in a rather deep, and knobbed basin, which is lined with thick tomentum. Stalk, short, thick, and fleshy, inserted in a pretty deep cavity. Flesh, greenish-white, tender, and crisp, abounding in a rich, brisk, vinous, and aromatic juice, which, at this season, is particularly refreshing.

An early dessert apple of the finest quality. It is ripe during the first week in August, and lasts all through that month. It is a most beautiful, and certainly one of the most excellent summer apples, possessing all the rich flavor of some of the winter varieties, with the abundant and refreshing juice of the summer fruits. Like most of the summer apples it is in greatest perfection when eaten from the tree, which is hardy, vigorous, and an abundant bearer.

188. IRISH REINETTE.--H.

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, by two inches and a half high; oblong, somewhat five-sided, with five ribs which extend from the base to the apex, where they run into the eye, forming five prominent ridges. Skin, yellowish-green, strewed with minute russety dots on the shaded side; but dull brownish-red, almost entirely covered with large patches of dull leaden colored russet, on the side exposed to the sun. Eye, small and closed, placed in a ribbed and plaited basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a round, deep, and even cavity. Flesh, greenish-yellow, firm, crisp, and very juicy, with a brisk, and poignant acid juice.

A valuable culinary apple; in use from November to February.

This variety is much cultivated about Lancaster, and in the county of Westmoreland, where it is highly esteemed.

189. ISLE OF WIGHT PIPPIN.--Hort.

IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 360. Lind. Guide, 108. Rog. Fr. Cult, 82. Fors. Treat. 109.

SYNONYMES.--Isle of Wight Orange, _Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 1, 484. Orange Pippin, _Pom. Heref._ t. 8. Pomme d’Orange, _Knoop Pom._ 47, t. viii. Engelse Oranje Appel, _Ibid._ 171.

FIGURES.--Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xxxii. f. 4. Pom. Heref. t. 8.

Fruit, small, two inches wide, by an inch and a half deep; globular. Eye, slightly sunk, with broad acute segments of the calyx. Stalk, very short. Skin, yellowish-golden grey, with a russety epidermis, highly colored with orange and red next the sun. Flesh, firm and juicy, with a rich and aromatic flavor.

A dessert apple of first-rate quality, and also valuable as a cider fruit; it is in use from September to January.

The specific gravity of its juice is 1074.

This is a very old variety, and is no doubt the “Orange Apple” of Ray and Worlidge. According to Mr. Knight, it is by some supposed to have been introduced from Normandy to the Isle of Wight, where it was first planted in the garden at Wrexall Cottage, near the Undercliff, where it was growing in 1817. There are several other varieties of apples known by the name of “Orange” and “Orange Pippin,” but they are all very inferior to this.

The tree does not attain a large size, but is hardy, healthy, and an excellent bearer. It succeeds well when grafted on the paradise stock, and grown as an open dwarf, or an espalier.

190. ISLEWORTH CRAB.--Hort.

SYNONYME.--Brentford Crab, _acc. Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 3, p. 21.

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, by the same in height; conical. Skin, smooth, of a pale yellow color, with a deeper tinge where exposed to the sun, and covered with small redish-brown dots. Eye, small and open, with reflexed segments, set in a round and narrow basin. Stalk, slender, inserted in a deep, round, and even cavity. Flesh, yellowish-white, crisp, sweet, juicy, and pleasantly flavored.

A pretty good culinary apple of second-rate quality; in use during October; but scarcely worth cultivation.

191. JOANNETING.--H.

SYNONYMES.--Jennetting, _Coles’ Adam in Eden_, 257. Juniting, _Rea Pom._ 209. Jeniting, _Worl. Vin._ 161. Ginetting or Juneting, _Raii Hist._ ii. 1447, 1. Juneting, or Jenneting, _Switz. Fr. Gard._ 134. Genneting, _Lang. Pom._ t. lxxiv. f. 2. Juneting, _Fors. Treat._ 109. Early Jenneting, or June-eating, _Aber. Dict._ White Juneating, _Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 3, n. 374. _Down. Fr. Amer._ 78. Juneating, _Lind. Guide_, 4. _Rog. Fr. Cult._ 27. Owen’s Golden Beauty, _Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 1, 717. Primiting, _in Kent and Sussex_.

FIGURE.--Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. i. f. 3.

[Illustration]

Fruit, small; round, and a little flattened. Skin, smooth and shining, pale yellowish-green in the shade; but clear yellow, with sometimes a faint tinge of red or orange next the sun. Eye, small and closed, surrounded with a few small plaits, and set in a very shallow basin. Stalk, an inch long, slender, and inserted in a shallow cavity, which is lined with delicate russet. Flesh, white, crisp, brisk, and juicy, with a vinous and slightly perfumed flavor, but becoming meally and tasteless, if kept only a few days after being gathered.

This is the earliest apple of the year, the first of Pomona’s autumnal offerings; it is in greatest perfection when gathered off the tree, or immediately afterwards, as it very soon becomes dry and meally.

The tree does not attain a large size, but is hardy and healthy. It is not a great bearer, which may, in a great measure, account for it not being so generally cultivated, as its earliness would recommend it to be. If worked on the paradise stock it may be grown in pots, when the fruit will not only be produced earlier, but in greater abundance than on the crab, or free stock.

This is one of our oldest apples, and although generally known and popular, seems to have escaped the notice of Miller, who does not even mention it in any of the editions of his dictionary. As I have doubts of this being the Geneting of Parkinson--his figure being evidently intended for the Margaret, which in some districts is called Joanneting--the first mention we have of this variety is by Rea, in 1665, who describes it as “a small, yellow, red-sided apple, upon a wall, ripe in the end of June.”

The orthography which I have adopted in the nomenclature of this apple may, to some, at first sight, seem strange; but I am nevertheless persuaded it is the correct one. The different forms in which it has been written will be found in the synonymes given above, none of which afford any assistance as to the derivation or signification of the name. Abercrombie was the first who wrote it June-eating, as if in allusion to the period of its maturity, which is, however, not till the end of July. Dr. Johnson, in his Dictionary, writes it Gineting, and says it is a corruption of Janeton (_Fr._) signifying Jane or Janet, having been so called from a person of that name. Ray[K] says, “Pomum Ginettinum, quod unde dictum sit me latet.” Indeed there does not seem ever to have been a correct definition given of it.

In the middle ages, it was customary to make the festivals of the church, or saint’s days, periods on which occurrences were to take place, or from which events were dated. Even in the present day, we hear the country people talking of some crop to be sown, or some other to be planted at Michaelmas, St. Martin’s, or Saint Andrew’s-tide. It was also the practice, during the reign of Popery in this country, as is still the case in all Roman Catholic countries, for parents to dedicate their children to some particular saint, as Jean Baptiste, on the recurrence of whose festival, all who are so named keep it as a holiday. So it was also in regard to fruits, which were named after the day about which they came to maturity. Thus, we have the Margaret Apple, so called from being ripe about St. Margaret’s day--the 20th of July. The Magdalene, or Maudlin, from St. Magdalene’s day--the 22nd of July. And in Curtius[L] we find the _Joannina_, so called, “Quod circa divi Joannis Baptistæ nativitatem esui sint.” These are also noticed by J. B. Porta; he says, “Est genus alterum quod quia circa festum Divi Joannis maturiscit, vulgus _Melo de San Giovanni_ dicitur.” And according to Tragus,[M] “Quæ apud nos prima maturantur, Sanct Johans Öpffel, Latine, Præcocia mala dicuntur.”