Part 22

Fruit, below medium size, two inches and a quarter wide, and the same in height; oblato-cylindrical, regularly and handsomely shaped. Skin, deep rich yellow, strewed with markings and freckles of russet on the shaded side, but covered with a cloud of red, which is marked with deeper red streaks, on the side next the sun. Eye, open, set in a wide, rather deep, and plaited basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a narrow, and rather shallow cavity. Flesh, yellow, firm, crisp, and delicate, with a brisk, sugary, and particularly rich vinous flavor.

A dessert apple of first-rate quality; in use from December to March.

The tree is hardy, healthy, and an abundant bearer, attaining about the middle size. It is well adapted for growing on the paradise stock.

357. TEN SHILLINGS--Hort.

IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 824.

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half broad, and two inches high; roundish-oblate, with obtuse angles on the sides. Skin, greenish-yellow, almost entirely covered with pale brown russet; but with orange, streaked with red, on the side next the sun. Eye, large, with long narrow segments, which are not convergent, set in an angular basin. Stalk, half-an-inch long, inserted in a moderately deep cavity. Flesh, yellowish-white, tender, sweet, and slightly acid.

A second-rate dessert apple; ripe in November.

358. TENTERDEN PARK.--Hort.

IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 825.

Fruit, about medium size, two inches and a half broad, by two inches high; roundish, inclining to ovate. Skin, smooth and glossy, as if varnished, yellowish-green where shaded, and entirely covered with deep red, which is marked with streaks of still deeper red, where exposed to the sun. Eye, large, half open, with broad, flat segments, set in a rather shallow, round, and saucer-like basin. Stalk, very short, inserted in a round and shallow cavity, which is slightly marked with russet. Flesh, greenish-white, tender, crisp, brisk, and juicy, but with no particular richness of flavor.

A second-rate dessert apple, of neat and handsome appearance; in use from October to February.

359. TEUCHAT’S EGG.--Gibs.

IDENTIFICATION.--Gibs. Fr. Gard. 351.

SYNONYMES.--Chucket Egg, _Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 3, p. 10. Summer Teuchat Egg, _Leslie & Anders. Cat._

Fruit, below medium size, varying in shape from ovate to conical, and irregularly ribbed on the sides. Skin, pale yellow, washed with pale red, and streaked with deep and lively red. Eye, partially closed, with long, broad segments, placed in a narrow and angular basin. Stalk, very short, imbedded in a close shallow cavity, with a fleshy protuberance on one side of it, and surrounded with rough russet. Flesh, tender, juicy, and pleasantly flavored.

A second-rate dessert apple, peculiar to the Scotch orchards of Clydesdale and Ayrshire; ripe in September.

Teuchat signifies, the Pee-wit or Lapwing.

360. TOKER’S INCOMPARABLE.

Fruit, very large, three inches and three quarters broad, and two inches and three quarters high, in shape, very much resembling the Gooseberry Apple; ovate, broad and flattened at the base, and with five prominent ribs on the sides which render it distinctly five-sided. Skin, smooth and shining, of a beautiful dark green, which assumes a yellowish tinge as it ripens; and with a slight trace of red, marked with a few crimson streaks, where exposed to the sun. Eye, large, and nearly closed, with broad flat segments, set in a saucer-like basin, which is surrounded with knobs, formed by the termination of the ribs. Stalk, a quarter of an inch long, inserted in a wide cavity, which is lined with a little rough russet. Flesh, yellowish, firm, crisp, tender, juicy, and marrow-like, with a brisk and pleasant acid.

A first-rate culinary apple, grown in the Kentish orchards, about Sittingbourne and Faversham; in use from November to Christmas.

361. TOWER OF GLAMMIS.--Hort.

IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 835. Leslie & Anders. Cat. 43. Caled Hort. Soc. Mem. vol. iv. 474.

SYNONYMES.--Glammis Castle, _acc. Hort. Soc. Cat._ Late Carse of Gowrie, _Ibid._ Carse of Gowrie, _Caled. Hort. Soc. Mem_, vol. i. 325. The Gowrie, _in Clydesdale Orchards_.

[Illustration]

Fruit, large; conical, and distinctly four-sided, with four prominent angles, extending from the base to the apex, where they terminate in four corresponding ridges. Skin, deep sulphur-yellow, tinged in some spots with green, and thinly strewed with brown russety dots. Eye, closed, with broad ragged segments, set in a deep and angular basin. Stalk, an inch long, inserted in a deep, funnel-shaped cavity, and only just protruding beyond the base. Flesh, greenish-white, very juicy, crisp, brisk, and perfumed.

A first-rate culinary apple, peculiar to the orchards of Clydesdale, and the Carse of Gowrie; it is in use from November to February.

The tree is an excellent bearer.

362. TRANSPARENT CODLIN.--Lind.

IDENTIFICATION.--Lind. Guide, 35. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 169.

Fruit, large and conical. Skin, smooth, clear yellow, tinged with pale crimson, on the side exposed to the sun. Eye, small and closed, with short segments, placed in a deep and angular basin. Stalk, short and slender, inserted in a deep, round, and wide cavity. Flesh, tender, almost transparent, juicy, sugary, and well flavored.

A culinary apple, in use from September to November.

363. TRUMPETER.--H.

SYNONYME.--Treadle-Hole, _in Lancaster_.

Fruit, large, two inches and three quarters wide, and three inches high; oblong, irregularly shaped, angular on the sides, and prominently ribbed round the eye. Skin, pale green, with a tinge of yellow on the side exposed to the sun. Eye, small, closed, and set in a deep and angular basin, surrounded with four or five prominent knobs. Stalk, about five-eights of an inch long, slender for the size of the fruit, and inserted in a deep irregular cavity, which is lined with rough cracked russet. Flesh, greenish-white, crisp, very juicy, and sweet, with a brisk and pleasant sub-acid flavor.

A very excellent apple either for the dessert or culinary purposes, much esteemed in the orchards about Lancaster; it is in use from October to January.

364. TRUMPINGTON.--Hort.

IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, p. 44.

SYNONYMES.--Delware, _Ron. Pyr. Mal._ 75. Eve, _acc. Hort. Soc. Cat._

FIGURE.--Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xxxviii. f. 2.

Fruit, small, two inches and three-eights wide, and one inch and five-eights high; oblate, even and handsomely shaped. Skin, of a fine deep golden-yellow, tinged and mottled with pale red on the shaded side; but of a fine bright red, which extends over the greater part, where exposed to the sun. Eye, large and closed, with broad, flat, ovate segments, set in a wide and somewhat undulating basin. Stalk, a quarter of an inch long, inserted in a wide, and deep cavity, which is tinged with green, and lined with russet. Flesh, white, firm, and pleasantly flavored.

A pretty dessert apple of second-rate quality; in use from September to Christmas.

365. TULIP.--Hort.

IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 841.

SYNONYMES.--Tulp, _acc. Hort. Soc. Cat._ Tulpen, _Ibid._ Dutch Tulip, _Ron. Cat._

Fruit, rather below medium size, two inches and a half at the widest part, and two inches and a half high; ovato-conical, regularly and handsomely shaped, ridged round the eye. Skin, fine deep purple, extending over the whole surface of the fruit, except on any part which may be shaded, and then it is yellow. Eye, open, with short, ovate segments, set in a furrowed and plaited basin. Stalk, about half-an-inch long, straight and slender, inserted in a deep, and rather angular cavity. Flesh, greenish-yellow, crisp, juicy, sweet, and slightly sub-acid.

A beautiful and handsome dessert apple, but only of second-rate quality; in use from November to April.

366. TURK’S CAP.--Hort.

Fruit, large, three inches and a half wide, by two inches and a half high; roundish, and very much flattened, or oblate; irregularly and prominently ribbed. Skin, smooth, fine deep golden-yellow, covered with grey dots, and a few ramifications of russet, and with a brownish-red tinge on the side next the sun. Eye, large and open, placed in a deep, wide, and angular basin. Stalk, an inch long, deeply inserted in an angular cavity, which is lined with thick scaly russet, extending over the margin. Flesh, yellow, firm, crisp, and juicy, with a pleasant sub-acid, but slightly astringent flavor.

An excellent apple for culinary purposes, and also for the manufacture of cider; it is in use from November to Christmas.

367. UELLNER’S GOLD REINETTE.--Diel.

IDENTIFICATION.--Diel. Kernobst. ii. B. 122. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed 3, n. 696.

Fruit, below medium size, two inches and a quarter broad, and two inches and an eighth high; oval. Skin, of a fine clear lemon-yellow, sprinkled with a little russet on the shaded side; but entirely covered on the side next the sun, with beautiful vermilion, which is strewed with cinnamon-colored russet. Eye, open, with short segments, set in a rather wide, round, even, and moderately deep basin. Stalk, slender, half-an-inch long, inserted in a deep cavity, which is lined with russet. Flesh, yellowish-white, firm, very juicy, rich and sugary, and with a fine aromatic flavor.

A most delicious dessert apple, of the very first quality; “small, but handsome and rich.” It is in use from January till May.

The tree is a free and excellent grower, and a great bearer.

368. VALE MASCAL PEARMAIN.--Hort.

IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 561.

Fruit, below medium size, two inches broad, by two inches high; ovate, regularly and handsomely shaped. Skin, greenish-yellow on the shaded side; but bright red next the sun, and covered with spots of russet. Eye, closed, with broad flat segments, and set in a round, shallow, and plaited basin. Stalk, half-an-inch long, inserted in a narrow and shallow cavity. Flesh, yellow, crisp, sugary, and richly flavored.

369. VEINY PIPPIN.--Hort.

IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, p. 44.

Fruit, small, two inches and a quarter broad, and an inch and three quarters high; roundish-oblate. Skin, greenish-yellow, covered with veins, and reticulations of russet. Eye, open, set in a round and deep basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a round, and slightly russety cavity. Flesh, yellowish, tender, crisp, juicy, but wanting both sugar and acidity.

An indifferent and worthless apple, in use from December to February.

The tree is a great bearer.

370. VIOLETTE.--Duh.

IDENTIFICATION.--Duh. Arb. Fruit, i. 284. Mill. Dict. Fors. Treat. 121. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 849.

SYNONYMES.--Grosse Pomme Noire d’Amerique, _Cal. Traité_. iii. 44. Violette de Quatres Goûts, _Cours. Comp. d’Agric._ xii. 220. Violet Apple, _West. Bot._ iv. 39. Red Calville, of some, _acc. Hort. Soc. Cat._ but erroneously. Black Apple, _acc. Ron. Pyr. Mal._

FIGURE.--Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xx. f. 2.

Fruit, above medium size; roundish-ovate, or conical, even and regularly formed. Skin, smooth and shining, covered with a fine violet-colored bloom, and yellow, striped with red, on the shaded side; but of a dark red, approaching to black, on the side exposed to the sun. Eye, closed, set in a rather deep and plaited basin. Stalk, three quarters of an inch long, stout, and inserted in a deep cavity. Flesh, yellowish-white, tinged with red under the skin, which is filled with red juice, leaving a stain on the knife with which it is cut; firm, juicy, and sugary, with a vinous and pleasant flavor.

A culinary apple of good, but not first-rate quality; in use from October to March.

Duhamel, and following him, almost all the French writers on pomology, attribute the name of this apple to the perfume of violets being found in the flavor of the fruit; a peculiarity I could never detect. It is more probable it originated from the fruit being covered with a beautiful blue violet bloom, a characteristic which was observed by Rivinius and Moulin, a hundred and fifty years ago.

371. WADHURST PIPPIN.--Hort.

IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, p. 44.

Fruit, above medium size, sometimes very large, but generally averaging three inches wide, and two inches and three quarters high; conical, or pearmain-shaped, and angular on the sides. Skin, yellow, tinged with green on the shaded side; and more or less mottled with brownish-red, on the side next the sun, and strewed with minute grey dots. Eye, closed, set in a wide, deep, and angular basin. Stalk, a quarter of an inch long, stout, placed in a shallow cavity. Flesh, yellowish, crisp, juicy, and briskly flavored.

A culinary apple of excellent quality; in use from October to February. It originated at Wadhurst in Sussex.

372. WALTHAM ABBEY SEEDLING.--Hort.

IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Trans. vol. v. p. 269. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 853. Lind. Guide, 24.

Fruit, large; roundish. Skin, pale yellow, assuming a deeper tinge as it attains maturity, with a faint blush of red where exposed to the sun, and strewed all over with minute russety dots. Eye, large and open, set in a shallow and even basin. Stalk, short, deeply inserted, and surrounded with rough russet. Flesh, yellowish, tender, juicy, sweet, and pleasantly flavored, and when cooked assumes a clear pale amber.

A culinary apple of first-rate quality; in use from September to Christmas.

This apple was raised about the year 1810, by Mr. John Barnard, of Waltham Abbey, in Essex, and was introduced by him at a meeting of the London Horticultural Society, in 1821.

373. WANSTALL.--H.

SYNONYME.--Green-street Apple.

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half wide, and two inches and a quarter high; roundish, but narrowing a little towards the eye, with five prominent angles on the sides, which terminate in ridges round the apex, rendering the shape distinctly five-sided. Skin, deep golden-yellow on the shaded side; but red, which is striped and mottled with darker red, on the side next the sun; marked with patches and veins of thin grey russet, and strewed all over with russety dots. Eye, half open, with broad, flat segments, set in an angular and plaited basin. Stalk, half-an-inch long, deeply inserted in a round cavity. Flesh, yellow, firm, crisp, juicy, rich, sugary, and highly flavored.

A dessert apple of the very first quality; equal in flavor to the Ribston Pippin, and will keep till May and June.

This variety was raised at Green-street, near Sittingbourne, in Kent, by a tailor of the name of Wanstall, about 40 years ago.

374. WARNER’S KING.--M.

IDENTIFICATION AND FIGURE.--Maund. Fruit, pl. 59.

Fruit, very large, four inches wide, and three inches and a half high; ovate. Skin, of an uniform clear deep yellow, strewed with russety dots and patches of pale brown russet. Eye, small and closed, with long acuminate segments, and set in a narrow, deep, and slightly angular basin. Stalk, about half-an-inch long, deeply inserted in a round, funnel-shaped cavity, which is lined with thin yellowish-brown russet. Flesh, white, tender, crisp, and juicy, with a fine, brisk, and sub-acid flavor.

A culinary apple of first-rate quality; in use from November to March.

The tree is a free and vigorous grower, and a good bearer; very hardy, and not subject to disease.

375. WATSON’S DUMPLING.--Hort.

IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 856. Down. Fr. Amer. 142.

Fruit, large; roundish, and regularly formed. Skin, smooth, yellowish-green, and striped with dull red. Eye, large, not deeply sunk. Stalk, short, inserted in a round, and rather deep cavity. Flesh, tender, juicy, and sugary, with a pleasant sub-acid flavor.

A culinary apple of first-rate quality; in use from October to February.

376. WEST GRINSTEAD PIPPIN.--Hort.

IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 858.

SYNONYME & FIGURE.--East Grinstead, _Ron. Pyr. Mal._ 53, pl. xxvii. f. 1.

Fruit, medium sized; two inches and three quarters broad, by two inches and a half high; roundish, and slightly ribbed about the eye. Skin, light green, striped and mottled with light red on the side next the sun; and strewed all over with greyish-white dots, on the exposed, and brown dots on the shaded side. Eye, open, set in a plaited basin. Stalk, a quarter of an inch long, inserted in a shallow cavity. Flesh, greenish-white, soft, tender, juicy, and briskly acid.

A good second-rate apple for the dessert: in use from November to April, and keeps well without shrivelling.

377. WHEELER’S RUSSET.--Langley.

IDENTIFICATION.--Lang. Pom. 134. Mill. Dict. Fors. Treat. 129. Lind. Guide, 100. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 753. Diel Kernobst. xi. 109. Rog. Fr. Cult. 107.

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters broad, and two inches and a quarter high; roundish-oblate, and somewhat irregular in its outline. Skin, entirely covered with pale yellowish-grey russet; with redish-brown where exposed to the sun, strewed with russety freckles. Eye, small and closed, with short segments, set in a wide, and undulated basin. Stalk, from a quarter to half-an-inch long, inserted in a round, narrow, and deep cavity. Flesh, greenish-white, firm, juicy, brisk, and sugary, with a rich, vinous, and aromatic flavor.

A valuable, and highly flavored dessert apple of the first quality; it is in use from November to April; and as Mr. Lindley says, when ripened, and begins to shrivel, it is one of the best russets of its season.

The tree is a free grower, healthy, and hardy, but does not attain above the middle size. It is generally a good bearer, and succeeds well in almost any soil, provided it be not too moist.

This apple was raised by James Wheeler, the founder of the Gloucester nursery, now in the occupation of his grandson, Mr. J. Cheslin Wheeler. He was an intelligent and assiduous man in his profession, and published in 1763, “The Botanist’s and Gardener’s New Dictionary.” He died about the beginning of the present century, having attained over ninety years of age.

378. WHEELER’S EXTREME.--Forsyth.

IDENTIFICATION.--Fors. Treat. 129.

Fruit, small, nearly two inches wide, and one inch and a quarter high; oblate, much resembling the Api in shape. Skin, pale greenish-yellow, considerably marked with russet, particularly round the eye; and covered with fine clear red, which is mottled with deeper red, on the side next the sun. Eye, small and closed, set in a shallow basin. Stalk, very short, inserted in a small, shallow cavity. Flesh, yellowish-white, crisp, tender, sweet, and delicately perfumed.

A pretty little dessert apple, but not of first-rate quality; it is in use from November to February.

This, as well as the preceding, was raised by James Wheeler, of Gloucester. The original tree is still existing in the nursery of his grandson, to whom I am much indebted for several pomological favors. The name of “Extreme,” is supposed to have been applied to this variety, from the circumstance of producing its fruit on the extremities of the last year’s shoots.

379. WHITE ASTRACHAN.--Hort.

IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 18. Lind. Guide, 7. Down. Fr. Amer, 78.

SYNONYMES.--Pyrus Astracanica, _Dec. Prod._ ii. 635. Pomme d’Astrachan, _Schab. Prat._ ii. 90. Pomme de Glace, _Duh. Arb. Fruit_, i. 307. Transparent Apple, _Mill. Dict. Fors. Treat._ 128. Russian Transparent, _Ron. Pyr. Mal._ 75. Russian Ice Apple, _Will. Dom. Encyc._ iv. p. 179. Muscovite Transparent Apple, _West. Bot._ iv. 141. Glace de Zélande, _Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 1. 366. Astracanischer Sommerapfel, _Diel. Kernobst_, vi. 77.

FIGURES.--Pom. Mag. t. 96. Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. i. f. 8, & pl. xxxviii. f. 3.

[Illustration]

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half wide, and nearly the same in height; roundish-ovate, or rather conical, flattened at the base, with obtuse angles on the sides, which extend and become more prominent and rib-like round the eye. Skin, smooth, pale yellow, with a few faint streaks of red next the sun, and covered with a delicate white bloom. Eye, closed, set in a narrow and plaited basin. Stalk, thick and short, inserted in a small and very shallow cavity. Flesh, pure white, semi-transparent, with somewhat gelatinous-like blotches, tender, juicy, with a pleasant and refreshing flavor.

A dessert apple but not of first-rate quality; ripe in August, and the early part of September.

The tree is a strong and vigorous grower, and an excellent bearer.

The Transparent Apple of Rogers, and the Muscovy Apple of Mortimer, cannot be identical with this variety, for they are described by both as winter apples; may they not be the _Russischer Glasapfel, or Astracanischer Winterapfel_ of Diel?

Respecting this apple, a correspondent in the Gardener’s Chronicle, for 1845, has the following remark, “When at Reval many years ago, I made

## particular inquiries as to the mode of cultivation of the Transparent

Apple; I learned that the soil of the apple orchards there, is almost a pure sand, but that it is customary to add to it so much stable manure, that half the bulk of ground may be said to consist of manure. The friend with whom I was staying, had some of these apples at dessert; they were transparent, not in blotches, but throughout, so that held to the light, the pips may be seen from every part; these apples were juicy as a peach, about the size of a large one, and of a very agreeable flavor and texture.”

380. WHITE PARADISE.--Hort.

IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 520.

SYNONYMES.--Lady’s Finger, _Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 1. 533. Long May, _Ibid._ 565. May, _acc. Ibid._ Egg, _Ron. Cat._ Eve, _Ron. Pyr. Mal._ 4. Paradise Pippin, _acc. Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 3.

FIGURE.--Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. ii. f. 5.

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half wide, and three inches high; oblong, broader at the base than the apex. Skin, smooth, thick and tough, of a fine rich yellow, thinly and faintly freckled with red on the shaded side, but covered with broken streaks and dots of darker red, interspersed with dark brown russety dots, on the side exposed to the sun. Eye, open, set in a shallow basin. Stalk, an inch long, fleshy at the insertion; and inserted in an even, round, cavity. Flesh, yellowish, tender, crisp, juicy, sugary, and pleasantly flavored.

A second-rate, but beautiful and handsome dessert apple; in perfection the beginning of October, but towards the end of the month, becomes dry and mealy. It is, I believe, a Scotch apple, and much grown in some districts, particularly in Clydesdale, where it is known by the name of _Egg Apple_, and where the fruit lasts longer, than when grown in the warmer climate of the South.

The Lady’s Finger of Dittrich, vol. i. p. 505, is a flat apple of a Calville shape, and must be incorrect.

381. WHITE VIRGIN.--H.

SYNONYME.--Scotch Virgin.

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, and two inches high; oblate. Skin, smooth and shining, pale yellow, on the shaded size; but thin orange red, streaked with deep red, on the side next the sun, and strewed with dark dots and a few veins of russet. Eye, large and closed, with broad ovate segments, set in a wide, shallow, and plaited basin. Stalk, a quarter of an inch long, inserted in a narrow, and shallow cavity. Flesh, white, soft, tender, juicy, and briskly acid.

An excellent culinary apple; in use from October to February.

382. WHITE WESTLING.--H.

Fruit, rather below medium size, two inches and a half broad at the middle, and two inches and a half high; roundish, inclining to oval, towards the eye; angular on the sides, and ribbed round the apex. Skin, yellow, tinged with green, and strewed with redish-brown dots on the shaded side; but deep yellow, with large dark-crimson spots, on the side next the sun, and covered with russet over the base. Eye, small and closed, set in a narrow and angular basin. Stalk, half-an-inch long, very slender, inserted in a deep, narrow, and russety cavity. Flesh, white, tender, sweet, and briskly flavored.

An apple of hardly second-rate quality, grown about the north-eastern parts of Sussex; it is in use from October to Christmas.

383. WHITE WINE.--H.