Part 7
Fruit, above medium size; ovate flat at the base, irregular and angular on the sides. Skin, smooth and unctuous, pale yellow and strewed with a few russety specks. Eye, closed, set in a narrow, rather deep, and plaited basin. Stalk, very short, embedded in the cavity, which is lined with russet, a few lines of which extend over the base. Flesh, white, tender, crisp, and juicy, with a fine, brisk, and sugary flavor.
A culinary apple of the first quality, in use from August to December. It is one of the most useful as well as one of the best culinary apples we have, being fit for use when no larger than a walnut, and after perfecting their growth continuing in perfection as late as Christmas. If blanched in warm water, when used small, the outer rind slips off, and they may be baked whole; their color is then a transparent green; and their flavor is exquisite, resembling that of a green apricot. When it is about the size of a large nutmeg, it may be made into apple marmalade, or a dried sweetmeat, which rivals the finest Portugal plum.--_M.C.H.S._
The tree is very hardy, a free grower, and an abundant bearer. As it does not attain a great size, it may be grown more closely together than most other sorts. It is a dwarf variety of the old English Codlin.
63. CAROLINE.--Lind.
IDENTIFICATION.--Lind. Guide, 41. Hort. Trans. vol. iv., p. 66. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 128.
Fruit, medium sized; roundish. Skin, fine rich deep yellow, streaked with broad patches of red. Eye, small, set in a narrow and plaited basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a shallow cavity, which is lined with russet. Flesh, firm, brisk, juicy, and highly flavored.
A culinary apple of first-rate quality, in use from November to February.
This variety was named in honor of Lady Caroline Suffield, the wife of Lord Suffield, of Blickling and Gunton Hall, Norfolk.--_Lindley._
64. CATSHEAD.--Ray.
IDENTIFICATION.--Raii Hist. ii. 1447, n. 8. Lind. Guide, 65. Down. Fr. Amer. 103. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 130.
SYNONYME.--Cat’s Head, _Fors. Treat._ 97.
Fruit, large, three inches and a quarter broad, and the same in height; oblong, nearly as broad at the apex as at the base, with prominent ribs on the sides, which extend into the basin of the eye, and terminate in several knobs. Skin, smooth and unctuous, pale green; but with a brownish tinge next the sun, and strewed with minute russety dots. Eye, large and open, set in a large, angular, and rather deep basin. Stalk, short, and slender for the size of the fruit, inserted in a shallow and angular cavity. Flesh, tender, juicy, and sweet, with a pleasant, acid, and slightly perfumed flavor.
One of our oldest and best culinary apples; it is in use from October to January.
The tree is a strong and vigorous grower, and attains the largest size, and though not an abundant bearer during the early period of its growth, it is much more productive as it becomes aged.
In the Horticultural Society’s Catalogue of Fruits, and also in Lindley’s “Guide to the Orchard.” This is made synonymous with the Costard of Ray, which is undoubtedly an error, the Costard being a distinct variety.
The Catshead is one of our oldest varieties, and was always highly esteemed for its great size. Phillips, in his poem on Cyder, says--
“-------- Why should we sing the Thrift, Codling or Pomroy, or of pimpled coat The Russet, or the _Cat’s-Head’s_ weighty orb, Enormous in its growth, for various use Tho’ these are meet, tho’ after full repast, Are oft requir’d, and crown the rich dessert.”
In Ellis’s “Modern Husbandman,” he says the Catshead is, “a very useful apple to the farmer, because one of them pared and wrapped up in dough, serves with little trouble for making an apple-dumpling, so much in request with the Kentish farmer, for being part of a ready meal, that in the cheapest manner satiates the keen appetite of the hungry plowman, both at home and in the field, and, therefore, has now got into such reputation in Hertfordshire, and some other counties, that it is become the most common food with a piece of bacon or pickle-pork for families.”
65. CELLINI.--Hort.
IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 132.
[Illustration]
Fruit, rather above medium size; roundish and flattened at both ends. Skin, rich deep yellow, with spots and patches of lively red on the shaded side; and bright red streaked and mottled with dark crimson next the sun, with here and there a tinge of yellow breaking through. Eye, large and open, with short, acute, and reflexed segments, and set in a shallow and slightly plaited basin. Stalk, very short, inserted in a funnel-shaped cavity. Flesh, white, tender, juicy, brisk, and pleasantly flavored.
A culinary apple of the first quality; in use during October and November. It is a fine, showy, and handsome apple, bearing a strong resemblance to the Nonesuch, from which in all probability it was raised. It originated with Mr. Leonard Phillips, of Vauxhall.
66. CHERRY APPLE.--H.
SYNONYMES.--Siberian Crab _of some_. Kirschapfel, Pomme Cerise, _Diel Kernobst._ ix. 238.
[Illustration]
Fruit, very small, about three quarters of an inch broad, and the same in height; oblato-oblong. Skin, thin, and shining, of a beautiful lemon color on the shaded side, but entirely covered with dark blood-red on the side exposed to the sun, and which extends towards the shaded side of a fine crimson. Stalk, very slender, an inch and a half long, inserted in a small round cavity. Eye, small, without any segments, and placed in a shallow basin. Flesh, yellow, firm, crisp, and juicy, with a very pleasant and lively sub-acid flavor.
A beautiful little apple, more resembling a cherry in its general appearance than an apple. It is ripe in October.
The tree, when full grown, is from fifteen to twenty feet high, and produces an abundance of its beautiful fruit. It is perfectly hardy, and may be grown in almost any description of soil. It forms a beautiful object when grown as an ornamental tree on a lawn or in a shrubbery.
67. CHESTER PEARMAIN.--Hort.
IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, p. 30. Lind. Guide, 65. Rog. Fr. Cult. 73. Diel Kernobst, iv. B. 43.
Fruit, medium sized, three inches broad, and two inches and a half high; oblate, narrowing from the base to the crown. Skin, pale yellow, but pale red striped with crimson where exposed to the sun, and covered with large russety spots. Eye, small, and partially closed with broad segments, and set in a pretty deep basin. Stalk, three quarters of an inch long, slender, inserted in a deep, funnel-shaped, and russety cavity. Flesh, yellowish white, tender, soft, and juicy, with a pleasant, sugary, and perfumed flavor.
A dessert apple of second-rate quality; in use from October to Christmas.
The tree is hardy, a free grower, a good bearer, and attains a considerable size. It is said to be extensively cultivated in the neighbourhood of Chester.
68. CHRISTIE’S PIPPIN.--Hort.
IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 10. Lind. Guide, 12. Rog. Fr. Cult. 84.
FIGURE.--Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xli. f. 3.
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half wide, and two inches high; oblate, without angles, and handsomely shaped. Skin, yellow, tinged with green on the shaded side; but streaked and mottled with red next the sun, and speckled all over with large russety dots. Eye, partially closed, set in a round, even, and rather shallow basin. Stalk, short and slender, not protruding beyond the margin, inserted in a deep cavity, which is lined with russet. Flesh, yellowish white, tender, brisk, juicy, sugary, and pleasantly flavored.
A dessert apple of the first quality; in use from December to February.
The tree is an abundant bearer, but constitutionally weak, a delicate grower, and subject to canker and mildew. On the paradise stock it forms a beautiful, compact, and handsome little pyramid.
It was raised by a Mr. Christie, at Kingston-on-Thames.
69. CLAYGATE PEARMAIN.--Hort.
IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Trans. vol. v. p. 402. Lind. Guide, 65. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 538. Down. Fr. Amer. 122.
Fruit, medium sized; pearmain-shaped. Skin, dull yellow mixed with green, and a thin coating of russet and numerous dots on the shaded side; but marked with broken stripes of dark red, on the side exposed to the sun. Eye, large and open, with long segments set in a deep basin. Stalk, an inch long, inserted in a smooth and rather deep cavity. Flesh, yellowish, crisp, juicy, rich, and sugary, partaking of the flavor of the Ribston Pippin.
A valuable and highly esteemed dessert apple of the first quality; it comes into use in November, and will continue till March.
The tree, though not a strong or vigorous grower, is hardy and healthy, attains the middle size, and is an abundant bearer. It succeeds well grafted on the paradise stock, and grown as an espalier or an open dwarf. Its shoots are slender and drooping.
This excellent variety was discovered by John Braddick, Esq., growing in a hedge near his residence at Claygate, a hamlet in the parish of Thames Ditton, in Surry, and by him widely and freely distributed.
70. CLARA PIPPIN.--Thomp.
IDENTIFICATION.--Thomp. in Gard. Chron. 1848, p. 300.
Fruit, small; roundish-ovate. Skin, thick and membranous, orange in the shade, and brownish red next the sun. Eye, small and closed, placed almost even with the surface, or set in a slight depression. Stalk, half an inch long, inserted in a shallow cavity. Flesh, orange, firm, rich, brisk, and sugary.
A very valuable dessert apple of the first quality, remarkable for the deep orange color of its flesh. It is in use about December and will keep till May. It was raised by F. J. Graham, Esq., of Cranford, and first noticed in the Gardeners Chronicle, April, 1848.
71. CLUSTER GOLDEN PIPPIN.--Hort.
IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 282. Diel Kernobst. xi. 103.
SYNONYMES.--Cluster Pippin, _acc. Hort. Soc. Cat._ Twin Cluster Pippin, _Ibid._ Thickset, _Ibid._ Cluster Apple, _Diel Kernobst._ xi. 103. Englische Büschelreinette, _Ibid._
Fruit, small, two inches and a quarter wide, and two inches high; round, and slightly flattened at the apex. Skin, smooth, yellowish green at first, but changing to yellow on the shaded side; with an orange tinge next the sun, marked all over with veins and reticulations of pale, brownish grey russet, with large patches round the stalk and the eye. Eye, large and open, placed in a very shallow depression. Stalk, short, inserted in a shallow cavity. Flesh, yellowish, firm, crisp, and tender, with a brisk, sugary, and perfumed flavor.
A very good dessert apple, but not of first-rate quality; in use from November to March. The fruit is produced in clusters, and it not unfrequently happens that two are found joined together.
The tree is hardy, a small grower, and a good bearer.
72. COBHAM.--Hort.
IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 148. Lind. Guide, 13.
Fruit, large, three inches and a quarter wide, and over two inches and three quarters high; roundish and angular. Skin, lemon yellow tinged with green; but with a few patches and pencilings of red next the sun, and covered with specks and patches of russet. Eye, open, with short segments, set in a wide and angular basin. Stalk, short and slender, inserted in a wide, deep, and russety cavity. Flesh, yellowish, crisp, firm, delicate, and juicy, with a brisk and sugary flavor.
An excellent culinary apple, and not unworthy of the dessert; it is in use from November to Christmas, and partakes of the Ribston Pippin flavor.
The tree is hardy, vigorous, and an excellent bearer.
The Cobham is so like a variety which is cultivated near Faversham, in Kent, under the name of Pope’s apple, that there is some difficulty in distinguishing the one from the other. Further observation may prove them to be synonymous.--_See Pope’s Apple._
73. COCCAGEE.--Hort.
IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 150. Lind. Guide, 102.
SYNONYMES.--Cockagee, _Fors. Treat._ 97. Cocko Gee.
Fruit, medium sized; ovate, and slightly angular. Skin, smooth, pale yellow, interspersed with green specks. Eye, small and closed, set in a deep, uneven, and irregular basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a narrow and shallow cavity. Flesh, yellowish white, soft, sharply acid, and austere.
One of the oldest and best cider apples. Although it is perhaps the most harsh and austere apple known, and generally considered only fit for cider, still it is one of the best for all culinary purposes, especially for baking, as it possesses a particularly rich flavor when cooked.
The name is said to be derived from _Cocko-Gee_ signifying _Goose-dung_. In Langley’s “Pomona,” it is said, “This fruit is originally from Ireland, and the cyder much valued in that country. About sixteen or eighteen years since [1727] it was first brought over, and promoted about Minehead, in Somersetshire. Some gentlemen of that county have got enough of it now to make five, six, or eight hogsheads a year of the cyder; and such as have to spare from their own tables, sell, I am told, from four to eight pounds a hogshead. The cyder is of the color of sherry (or rather of French white wine), and every whit as fine and clear. I have tasted of it from several orchards in Somersetshire. It hath a more vinous taste than any cyder I ever drank, and as the sight might deceive a curious eye for wine, so I believe the taste might pass an incurious palate for the same liquor.”
74. COCKLE PIPPIN.--Hort.
IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 151. Lind. Guide, 66. Rog. Fr. Cult. 96.
SYNONYMES.--Cockle’s Pippin, _Fors. Treat._ 98. Nutmeg Pippin, _acc. Hort. Soc. Cat._ Nutmeg Cockle Pippin, _Ibid._ White Cockle Pippin, _Ibid._ Brown Cockle Pippin, _acc. Gard. Chron._ 1846, 148.
FIGURE.--Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xxiii. f. 9.
[Illustration]
Fruit, medium sized; conical, and slightly angular on the sides. Skin, greenish yellow, changing as it ripens to deeper yellow, dotted with small grey dots, and covered all over the base with delicate pale brown russet. Eye, small and slightly closed, set in an irregular, and somewhat angular basin. Stalk, an inch long, rather slender, and obliquely inserted in a round and deep cavity, which is lined with russet. Flesh, yellowish, firm, tender, crisp, juicy, and sugary, with a pleasant aromatic flavor.
An excellent dessert apple of the finest quality, in use from January to April. Tree healthy, hardy, and an excellent bearer. This variety is extensively grown in Surry and Sussex.
75. COE’S GOLDEN DROP.--Hort.
IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 274.
[Illustration]
Fruit, small, conical, even, and regularly shaped. Skin, green at first, but changing as it ripens to yellow, with a few large crimson spots, on the side exposed to the sun, and marked with small patches of thin delicate russet. Eye, small and open, even with the surface, and surrounded with a few shallow plaits. Stalk, three quarters of an inch long, inserted in a small, and shallow depression, which, together with the base, is entirely covered with russet. Flesh, greenish-yellow, firm, crisp, and very juicy, brisk, sugary, and vinous.
A delicious little dessert apple of the first quality, in use from November to May.
The tree is hardy, a free upright grower, and a good bearer. It attains about the middle size. If grafted on the paradise stock it is well suited for espaliers, or growing as an open dwarf.
This excellent variety was introduced to notice by Gervase Coe, of Bury St. Edmonds, who raised the Golden Drop Plum. It has been said that it is a very old variety, which has existed for many years in some Essex orchards, but was propagated by Coe as a seedling of his own.
76. COLE.--Hort.
IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 172. Lind. Guide, 13. Down. Fr. Amer. 71.
SYNONYME.--Scarlet Perfume, _acc. Hort. Soc. Cat._
FIGURE.--Pom. Mag. t. 104. Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xxxvii. f. 3.
Fruit, large, three inches and a quarter broad, and two and a half high; roundish, considerably flattened, almost oblate, and angular on the sides. Skin, yellowish, almost entirely covered with deep crimson, and slightly marked with russet. Eye, large and closed, set in a wide and open basin. Stalk, long, covered with down, and inserted in a close narrow cavity, with a fleshy prominence on one side of it. Flesh, white, firm, juicy, and sweet, with a rich, brisk, and pleasant flavor.
A first-rate early kitchen apple, and second-rate for the dessert. It is in use during August and September, and will even keep as long as Christmas, if well preserved.
The tree is hardy, vigorous, and a good bearer, and on account of the size of the fruit should be grown rather as a dwarf than a standard.
77. COLONEL HARBORD’S PIPPIN.--Lind.
IDENTIFICATION.--G. Lind. in Hort. Trans. vol. iv., p. 65. Lind. Guide, 66. Hort Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 174.
Fruit, large, about three inches and a half wide, and the same in height; conical, and angular on the sides. Skin, pale yellowish-green,
## partially russeted on one side. Eye, large, set in a rather shallow
basin, surrounded with plaits and wrinkles. Stalk, half an inch long. Flesh, white, tinged with green, soft, and very juicy, with a brisk tart flavor.
An excellent culinary apple of the first quality; in use from November to March. It originated at Blickling Hall, in Norfolk.
78. COLONEL VAUGHAN’S.--H.
[Illustration]
Fruit, below medium size, one and three quarter inches high, and two inches broad; oblato-conical, or conical. Skin, smooth and shining, the side next the sun entirely covered with bright crimson, streaked with very dark crimson, and thinly strewed with greyish white dots; but of a fine waxen yellow, streaked and dotted with broken streaks of crimson on the shaded side. Eye, small and closed, set in a wide, rather shallow, and plaited basin. Stalk, about a quarter of an inch long, inserted in a round, deep, and even cavity, which is lined with thin pale brown russet. Flesh, white, slightly tinged with red under the skin on the side next the sun, firm, crisp, and brittle, very juicy, with a sweet, brisk, and fine strawberry flavor.
A very excellent dessert apple; ripe in the end of September and during October, at which season it is very common in Covent Garden Market.
In some parts of Kent this excellent little apple is produced in large quantities for the supply of the London markets, but it is one which is not met with in general cultivation.
79. CONTIN REINETTE.--Hort.
IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Trans. vol. vii., p. 339. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 645.
Fruit, medium sized; roundish, somewhat resembling the old Nonpareil. Skin, deep dull yellow on the shaded side, and fine red where exposed to the sun. Flesh, yellowish, firm, highly flavored, and pleasantly acid.
A dessert apple of first-rate quality, peculiarly adapted for cultivation in the northern districts of Scotland. It is in use during October and November.
The tree is very hardy, an excellent and sure bearer, but a slender grower.
It was raised by Sir George Stuart Mackenzie, Bart., of Coul, in Rosshire, a gentleman who for a long series of years devoted his time and talents to the advancement of horticulture.
80. CORNISH AROMATIC.--Hort.
IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 181. Lind. Guide, 42. Down. Fr. Amer. 81.
SYNONYME.--Aromatic Pippin. _Rog. Fr. Cult._ 87.
FIGURES.--Pom. Mag. t. 58. Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xix, f. 3.
Fruit, above medium size, three inches wide, and two inches and three quarters high; roundish, angular, slightly flattened, and narrowing towards the eye. Skin, yellow on the shaded side, and covered with large patches of pale brown russet, which extend all over the base, and sprinkled with green and russety dots; but of a beautiful bright red, which is streaked with deeper red, and strewed with patches and dots of russet on the side exposed to the sun. Eye small and closed, with long flat segments, which are reflexed at the tips and set in an irregular basin. Stalk short, inserted in a deep and narrow cavity which is lined with russet. Flesh, yellowish, firm, crisp, juicy, rich, and highly aromatic.
A valuable dessert apple of first-rate quality, in use from October to Christmas.
The tree is a free grower and an excellent bearer.
81. CORNISH GILLIFLOWER.--Hort.
IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 267. Lind. Guide, 67. Down. Fr. Amer. 102.
SYNONYMES.--July-flower, _Hort. Trans._ vol. ii., p. 74. Cornish July-flower, _Ibid._ vol. iii., p. 323. Calville d’Angleterre, _Baum. Cat._ Pomme Regelans, _acc. Hort. Soc. Cat._
FIGURES.--Pom. Mag. t. 140. Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xix, f. 4.
Fruit, large, three inches and a quarter wide, and the same in height; ovate, angular on the sides, and ribbed round the eye, somewhat like a Quoining. Skin, dull green on the shaded side, and brownish red streaked with brighter red on the side next the sun; some parts of the surface marked with thin russet. Eye, large and closed, set in a narrow and angular basin. Stalk, three quarters of an inch long, inserted in a rather shallow cavity. Flesh, yellowish, firm, rich, and aromatic.
This is one of our best dessert apples, remarkable for its rich and aromatic flavor; it is in use from December to May.
The tree is hardy, and a free grower, attaining the middle size, but not an abundant bearer; it produces its fruit at the extremities of the last year’s wood, and great care should, therefore, be taken to preserve the bearing shoots. It succeeds well, grafted on the paradise stock, and grown as an espalier or an open dwarf.
This valuable apple was brought into notice by Sir Christopher Hawkins, who sent it to the London Horticultural Society, in 1813. It was discovered about the beginning of the present century, growing in a cottager’s garden, near Truro, in Cornwall.
The name July-flower is very often applied to this and some other varieties of apples, and also to flowers, but it is only a corruption of the more correct name Gilliflower, which is derived from the French _Girofle_, signifying a clove, and hence the flower which has the scent of that spice, is called _Giroflier_, which has been transformed to _Gilliflower_. In Chaucer’s “Romaunt of the Rose,” he writes it _Gylofre_.
“There was eke wexyng many a spice, As Clowe Gylofre and liquorice.”
Turner writes it _Gelower_ and _Gelyfloure_. The proper name, therefore, is Gilliflower, and not July-flower, as if it had some reference to the month of July.
82. COSTARD.--Ray.
IDENTIFICATION.--Raii Hist. ii. 1447. Laws. New. Orch. 32. Worl. Vin. 167.
SYNONYMES.--Coulthard, _in Lancashire_. Prussian Pippin, _Ibid._
Fruit, above medium size, two inches and three quarters, or three inches wide, and three inches and a quarter high; oblong, but narrowing a little towards the eye, distinctly five-sided, having five prominent ribs on the sides, which extend into the basin of the eye, and form ridges round the crown. Skin, smooth, dull yellowish green, strewed all over with embedded grey specks. Eye, partially closed with long acuminate segments, and set in a rather deep and angular basin. Stalk, about a quarter of an inch long, inserted in a round, rather shallow, and narrow cavity. Flesh, greenish-white, tender, juicy, and with a brisk, and pleasant sub-acid flavor.
An excellent culinary apple of first-rate quality. It is in season from October to Christmas.
The tree is hardy, a strong and vigorous grower, with strong downy shoots, and an abundant bearer.