Part 19

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, and two and a quarter high; roundish and compressed. Skin, at first pale yellow, but changing as it ripens to fine deep golden yellow, and covered with numerous russety streaks and dots, and with a tinge of red and fine crimson dots, on the side exposed to the sun. Eye, set in a wide and plaited basin. Stalk, half-an-inch long, inserted in a russety cavity. Flesh, yellowish-white, firm and crisp, but tender and juicy, with a rich vinous and aromatic flavor.

A dessert apple of first-rate quality; in use from December to March.

This is the Reinette d’Aizerna of the Horticultural Society’s Catalogue, and may be the Nelguin of Knoop, but it is certainly not the Reinette d’Aizema of Knoop.

291. REINETTE BLANCHE D’ESPAGNE.--Hort.

IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc, Cat. ed. 3, n. 636. Diel Kernobst. v. B. 80. Mayer Pom. Franc. Down. Fr. Amer. 130.

SYNONYMES.--Reinette d’Espagne, _Bret. Ecole_, ii. 477. Reinette Tendre. Blanc d’Espagne, _Bon. Jard._ 1843, 514. D’Espagne, _acc. Hort. Soc. Cat._ De Rateau, _acc. Pom. Mag._ Concombre Ancien, _Ibid._ Fall Pippin, _Rog. Fr. Cult._ 95. Cobbett’s Fall Pippin, _acc. Hort. Soc. Cat._ Large Fall Pippin, _Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 1, 315 Camuesar, _in Spain_. White Spanish Reinette, _Pom. Mag._ _Lind Guide_, 83.

FIGURE.--Pom. Mag. t. 110.

Fruit, very large, three inches and a half wide, and three inches and three quarters high; oblato-oblong, angular on the sides and uneven at the crown, where it is nearly as broad as at the base. Skin, smooth and unctuous to the feel, yellowish-green in the shade, but orange tinged with brownish-red next the sun, and strewed with dark dots. Eye, large and open, set in a deep, angular, and irregular basin. Stalk, half-an-inch long, inserted in a narrow, and even cavity. Flesh, yellowish-white, tender, juicy and sugary.

An apple of first-rate quality, suitable for the dessert, but

## particularly so for all culinary purposes. It is in use from December

to April.

The tree is healthy and vigorous, and an excellent bearer. It requires a dry, warm, and loamy soil.

292. REINETTE DE CANADA.--Bret.

IDENTIFICATION.--Bret. Ecole, ii. 476. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3. 868. Bon. Jard.

SYNONYMES.--Reinette du Canada, _Cal. Traité_. iii. 51. _Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 3, n. 640. Grosse Reinette d’Angleterre, _Duh. Arb. Fruit_, i. 299, t. xii. f. 5. Reinette de Canada Blanche, _Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 1, 868. Reinette de Canada à Côtes, _Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 1, 869. Reinette de Caen, _Ibid._ 867. De Canada, _Ibid._ 139. De Bretagne, _Ibid._ 104. Portugal, _Ibid._ 803. Janurea, _Ibid._ 489. Reinette Grosse de Canada, _acc. Hort. Soc. Cat._ St. Helena Russet, _Ibid._ Wahre Reinette, _Ibid._ Grosse Englische Reinette, _Diel Kernobst._ i. 106. Canadian Reinette, _Lind. Guide_, 40. _Pom. Mag._ Canada Reinette, _Down. Fr. Amer._ 129. Grosse d’Angleterre, Mala Janurea, _of the Ionian Islands_.

FIGURES.--Pom. Mag. t. 77. Jard. Fruit, ed. 2. pl. 96. Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xi. f. 1. Poit. et Turp. pl. 32.

Fruit, large, three inches and a half wide, and three inches deep; oblato-conical, with prominent ribs originating at the eye, and diminishing as they extend downwards towards the stalk. Skin, greenish-yellow, with a tinge of brown on the side next the sun, covered with numerous brown russety dots, and reticulations of russet. Eye, large, partially closed, with short segments, and set in a rather deep and plaited basin. Stalk, about an inch long, slender, inserted in a deep, wide, and generally smooth cavity. Flesh, yellowish-white, firm, juicy, brisk, and highly flavored.

An apple of first-rate quality, either for culinary or dessert use; it is in season from November to April.

The tree is a strong and vigorous grower, and attains a large size. It is also an excellent bearer; the finest fruit are produced from dwarf trees.

293. REINETTE CARPENTIN.--Hort.

IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, p. 35.

SYNONYME.--Kleine Graue Reinette, _Sickler Obstgärt._ ix. 413. Der Carpentin, _Diel Kernobst._ i. 174.

FIGURE.--Sickler Obstgärt. ix. t. 18.

Fruit, small, two inches and a quarter wide, and two inches high; roundish or rather oblato-oblong. Skin, yellowish-green on the shaded side; but striped, and washed with dark glossy red, on the side next the sun, and so much covered with a thick cinnamon-colored russet that the ground colors are sometimes only partially visible. Eye, set in a wide saucer-like basin, which is considerably depressed. Stalk, an inch long, thin, and inserted in a round and deep cavity. Flesh, yellowish-white, delicate, tender and juicy, with a brisk, vinous, and peculiar aromatic flavor, slightly resembling anise.

A first-rate dessert apple; in use from December to April.

The tree is a free grower, with long slender shoots, and when a little aged, is a very abundant bearer.

294. REINETTE DIEL.--Van Mons.

IDENTIFICATION.--Diel Kernobst. i. B. 78. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 647.

Fruit, below medium size, two inches wide, and two and a quarter high; oblate, even, and handsomely shaped. Skin, at first yellowish-white, but changes by keeping to a fine yellow color; on the side next the sun it is marked with several crimson spots and dots, strewed all over with russety dots, which are large and brownish on the shaded side, but small and greyish on the other. Eye, open, with short segments, set in a wide and rather shallow basin. Stalk, half-an-inch long, inserted in a deep and russety cavity, with sometimes a fleshy boss at its base. Flesh, white, firm, crisp, delicate and juicy, with a rich, sugary, and spicy flavor.

A beautiful and excellent dessert apple of the first quality; it is in use from December to March.

The tree is a strong, healthy, and vigorous grower, and an abundant bearer.

This variety was raised by Dr. Van Mons, and named in honor of his friend Dr. Aug. Friedr. Adr. Diel.

295. REINETTE FRANCHE.--Duh.

IDENTIFICATION.--Duh. Arb. Fruit, i. 300. Bret. Ecole, ii. 474. Knoop Pom. 53, t. ix. Lind. Guide, 56.

SYNONYMES.--Reinette Blanche, _Quint. Inst._ i. 201. Reinette Blanche dite Prime, _Merlet Abrégé_. Reinette Blanche or Franche, _Mill. Dict._ French Reinette, _Rog. Fr. Cult._ 104. Franz Renette, _Mayer Pom. Franc._ 3, No. 46. Reinette de Normandie, _Christ Handb._ No, 92. Weisse Reinette, _Salz. Pom._ No. 22. Französische Edelreinette, _Diel Kernobst._ i. 120.

FIGURE.--Nois. Jard. Fruit, ed. 2, pl. 93.

Fruit, above medium size, three inches and a quarter wide, and two inches and a half high; roundish-oblate, slightly angular on its sides, and uneven round the eye. Skin, smooth, thickly covered with brown russety spots; greenish-yellow, changing as it ripens to pale-yellow; and sometimes tinged with red when fully exposed to the sun. Eye,

## partially open, with long green segments, set in a wide, rather deep,

and, prominently plaited basin. Stalk, short, and thick, deeply inserted in a round cavity, which is lined with greenish-grey russet. Flesh, yellowish-white, tender, delicate, crisp and juicy, with a rich, sugary, and musky flavor.

A dessert apple of first-rate quality; in use from November to April. Roger Schabol says, it has been kept two years, in a cupboard excluded from the air.

The tree is a free grower, and an abundant bearer; but subject to canker, unless grown in light soil, and a dry and warm situation.

This is a very old French apple, varying very much in quality according to the soil in which it is grown; but so highly esteemed in France as to take as much precedence of all other varieties, as the Ribston and Golden Pippin does in this country.

296. REINETTE GRISE.--Quint.

IDENTIFICATION.--Quint. Inst. i. 201. Duh. Arb. Fruit, i. 302. Knoop Pom. 50. t. ix. Mill. Dict. Fors. Treat. 123. Rog. Fr. Cult. 103.

SYNONYMES.--Reinette Grise Extra, _acc. Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 1, 895. Belle Fille, _Ibid._ 53. Prager, _acc. Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 2. Grauwe Franse Renett, _Knoop Pom._ 132. Aechte Graue Französische Reinette. Reinette Grise Française _Diel Kernobst._ i. 168. Reinette Grise d’Hiver, _Riv. et. Moul. Meth._ 191.

FIGURES.--Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xxxii. f. 8. Brook. Pom. Brit. lxxxviii. f. 1.

Fruit, medium sized, three inches broad, and two and a half high; roundish, flattened on both sides, rather broadest at the base, and generally with five obscure angles on the sides. Skin, dull yellowish-green in the shade, and with a patch of thin, dull, brownish-red on the side next the sun, which is so entirely covered with brown russet that little color is visible; the shaded side is marked with large linear patches of rough brown russet. Eye, closed, with broad flat segments, and set in a deep and angular basin. Stalk, very short, imbedded in a deep and angular cavity. Flesh, yellow, firm, crisp, juicy, rich, and sugary, with a brisk and excellent flavor.

A very fine dessert apple of first-rate quality; in use from November to May.

The tree is a healthy and vigorous grower, and an excellent bearer.

This is one of the finest old French apples; but considered inferior to the Reinette Franche.

297. REINETTE JAUNE SUCRÉE.--Hort.

IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 673. Diel Kernobst. v. 112.

SYNONYMES.--Citron, _Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 1, 159. D’Angloise, _Ibid._ 13. Chance, _acc. Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 3. Gelbe Zuckerreinette, _Diel Kernobst._ v. 112.

Fruit, rather above medium size, three inches broad, and two and a half high; roundish, and very much flattened at the base. Skin, thin and tender, pale green at first, but changing as it attains maturity to a fine deep yellow, with a deeper and somewhat of an orange tinge on the side exposed to the sun; and covered all over with numerous large russety dots, and a few traces of delicate russet. Eye, open, with long acuminate, green segments, set in a wide, rather deep, and plaited basin. Stalk, an inch long, inserted in a deep round cavity, which is lined with thin russet. Flesh, yellowish, delicate, tender and very juicy, with a rich sugary flavor and without much acidity.

Either as a dessert or culinary apple, this variety is of first-rate excellence; it is in use from November to February.

The tree is a free and vigorous grower, and a good bearer, but it is very subject to canker unless grown in a light and warm soil.

298. REINETTE VAN MONS.

Fruit, rather below medium size, two inches and a half wide, and two inches and a quarter high; inclining to conical in shape. Skin, yellow on the shaded side, but redish-brown, shading off to orange-yellow, where exposed to the sun; the whole strewed with numerous russety dots. Eye, closed, and placed in a small, round basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a shallow cavity, which is lined with russet. Flesh, yellow, tender, crisp, rich, and sugary.

A dessert apple of first-rate quality; in use from December till April or May.

299. REINETTE VERTE.--Merlet.

IDENTIFICATION.--Merlet Abrégé. Riv. et Moul. Meth. 192. Knoop Pom. 49, t. 8. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed, 3, n. 699.

SYNONYMES.--Groene Franse Renette, _acc. Knoop Pom._ 132. Groene Renet, _Ibid._ t. 8. Grüne Reinette, _Sickler Obstgärt._ iii. 177. Diel Kernobst. v. 95.

FIGURE.--Mayer Pom. Franc. t. xxvi. Sickler Obstgärt. iii. t. 10.

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, and two and a quarter high; roundish, considerably flattened at the base, and slightly ribbed at the eye, handsome, and regularly shaped. Skin, thin, smooth and shining, pale green at first, but becoming yellowish-green as it attains maturity, with sometimes a redish tinge, and marked with large grey russety dots and lines of russet. Eye, partially closed, with long acuminate segments, set in a pretty deep and plaited basin. Stalk, about an inch long, inserted in a deep and round cavity, lined with russet, which extends in ramifications over the whole of the base. Flesh, yellowish-white, tender and juicy, with a sweet, vinous, and highly aromatic flavor, “partaking of the flavors of the Golden Pippin and Nonpareil”.

A dessert apple of first-rate quality; in use from December to May.

The tree is vigorous and healthy, and a good bearer; but does not become of a large size.

300. RHODE ISLAND GREENING.--Hort.

IDENTIFICATION.--Coxe View, 129. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 37. Down. Fr. Amer. 128.

SYNONYMES.--Green Newtown Pippin, _Lind. Guide_, 50. Jersey Greening, _Coxe View_, 129. Burlington Greening, _acc. Coxe_.

Fruit, large, three inches and a quarter wide, and two inches and a half high; roundish and slightly depressed, with obscure ribs on the sides. Skin, smooth and unctuous to the touch, dark green at first, becoming pale as it ripens, and sometimes with a faint blush near the stalk. Eye, small and closed, set in a slightly depressed basin. Stalk, three quarters of an inch long, curved, thickest at the insertion, and placed in a narrow and rather deep cavity. Flesh, yellowish, tinged with green, tender, crisp, juicy, sugary, with a rich, brisk, and aromatic flavor.

An apple of first-rate quality for all culinary purposes, and excellent also for the dessert; it is in use from November to April.

The tree is a strong and vigorous grower, hardy, and an excellent bearer; succeeds well in almost any situation.

This variety is of American origin, and was introduced to this country by the London Horticultural Society, who received it from David Hosack, Esq., M.D., of New York. It is extensively grown in the middle states of America, where the Newtown Pippin does not attain perfection, and for which it forms a good substitute.

301. RIBSTON PIPPIN.--Fors.

IDENTIFICATION.--Fors. Treat. ed. 7, 124. Hort. Soc Cat. ed. 3, n. 704. Lind. Guide, 80. Diel Kernobst. xi. 93. Down. Fr. Amer. 131. Rog. Fr. Cult. 88.

SYNONYMES.--Glory of York, _Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 1, 946. Formosa Pippin, _Ibid._ 341. Traver’s Pippin, _Ibid._ 1117. _Diel Kernobst._ vi. B. 108.

FIGURES.--Pom. Mag. t. 141. Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xxvii. f. 5. Pom. Lond. Brook. Pom. Brit. pl. lxxxviii. f. 6.

Fruit, medium sized; roundish, and irregular in its outline, caused by several obtuse and unequal angles on its sides. Skin, greenish-yellow, changing as it ripens to dull yellow, and marked with broken streaks of pale red on the shaded side; but dull red changing to clear faint crimson, marked with streaks of deeper crimson, on the side next the sun, and generally russety over the base. Eye, small and closed, set in an irregular basin, which is generally netted with russet. Stalk, half-an-inch long, slender, and generally inserted its whole length in a round cavity, which is surrounded with russet. Flesh, yellow, firm, crisp, rich and sugary, charged with a powerful aromatic flavor.

An apple so well known, as to require neither description nor encomium. It is in greatest perfection during November and December; but with good management will keep till March.

The tree is in general hardy, a vigorous grower, and a good bearer, provided it is grown in a dry soil; but if otherwise it is almost sure to canker. In all the southern and middle counties of England it succeeds well as an open standard; but in the north, and in Scotland, it requires the protection of a wall to bring it to perfection. Nicol calls it “a universal apple for these kingdoms; it will thrive at John O’Groat’s, while it deserves a place at Exeter or at Cork.”

There is no apple which has ever been introduced to this country, or indigenous to it, which is more generally cultivated, more familiarly known, or held in higher popular estimation, than the Ribston Pippin. It has long been in existence in this country, but did not become generally known till the end of the last century. It is not mentioned in any of the editions of Miller’s Dictionary, or by any other author of that period; neither was it grown in the Brompton Park nursery in 1770. In 1785 I find it was grown to the extent of a quarter of a row, or about 25 plants; and as this supply seems to have sufficed for three years’ demand, its merits must have been but little known. In 1788, it extended to one row, or about one hundred plants, and three years later to two rows; from 1791, it increased one row annually, till 1794, when it reached five rows. From these facts we may pretty well learn the rise and progress of its popularity. It is now in the same nursery cultivated to the extent of about 25 rows, or 2500 plants annually.

The original tree was first discovered growing in the garden at Ribston Hall, near Knaresborough, but how, when, or by what means it came there, has not been satisfactorily ascertained. One account states that about the year 1688, some apple pips were brought from Rouen and sown at Ribston Hall, near Knaresborough; the trees then produced from them were planted in the park, and one turned out to be the variety in question. The original tree stood till 1810, when it was blown down by a violent gale of wind. It was afterwards supported by stakes in a horizontal position, and continued to produce fruit till it lingered and died in 1835. Since then, a young shoot has been produced about four inches below the surface of the ground, which, with proper care, may become a tree, and thereby preserve the original of this favorite old dessert apple. The gardener at Ribston Hall, by whom this apple was raised, was the father of Lowe, who during the last century was the fruit tree nurseryman at Hampton Wick.

302. ROBINSON’S PIPPIN.--Forsyth.

IDENTIFICATION.--Fors. Treat. 124. Lind. Guide, 56. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 711. Rog. Fr. Cult. 97.

FIGURES.--Hook. Pom. Lond. t. 42. Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xxxii. f. 3. Brook. Pom. Brit. pl. xci. f. 1.

[Illustration]

Fruit, small; roundish, narrowing towards the apex, where it is quite flat, and covered with thin russet. Skin, greenish-yellow on the shaded side; but brownish-red where exposed to the sun, and strewed all over with minute russety dots. Eye, prominent, not at all depressed, and closed with broad flat segments. Stalk, half-an-inch long, stout, and inserted in a slight depression. Flesh, greenish, tender, crisp, sweet, and very juicy; with a fine, brisk, poignant, and slightly perfumed flavor, much resembling that of the Golden Pippin and Nonpareil.

A very excellent dessert apple of first-rate quality; it is in use from December to February. The fruit is produced in clusters of sometimes eight and ten, at the ends of the branches.

The tree is of small size and slender growth, and not a free bearer. It is well adapted for dwarf and espalier training when grafted on the doucin or paradise stock, in which case it also bears better than on the crab stock.

According to Mr. Lindley this variety was grown for many years in the old kitchen garden at Kew; and Rogers thinks it first originated in the Turnham Green nursery, which was during a portion of the last century, occupied by a person of the name of Robinson.

303. ROSE DE CHINA.--Hort.

IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 718.

Fruit, medium sized, or rather below medium size; roundish and flattened, almost oblate, regularly formed, and without angles. Skin, smooth and delicate, pale greenish-yellow, with a few broken streaks of pale red, intermixed with crimson, on the side exposed to the sun, and strewed with minute dark colored dots. Eye, partially closed, set in a shallow and slightly plaited basin. Stalk, an inch long, very slender, inserted in a round, deep, smooth, and funnel-shaped cavity. Flesh, yellowish-white tinged with green, firm, crisp, and juicy, with a sweet and pleasant flavor.

A very good, but not first-rate, dessert apple; it is in use from November to February. This does not appear to be the “Rose Apple of China” of Coxe, which he imported from England, and which he says is a large oblong fruit with a short thick stalk.

304. ROSEMARY RUSSET.--Ronalds.

IDENTIFICATION AND FIGURE.--Ron. Pyr. Mal. 31, pl. xvi. f. 1.

[Illustration]

Fruit, below medium size; ovate, broadest at the base and narrowing obtusely towards the apex, a good deal of the shape of a Scarlet Nonpareil. Skin, yellow, tinged with green on the shaded side; but flushed with faint red on the side exposed to the sun, and covered with thin pale brown russet, particularly round the eye and the stalk. Eye, small and open, with erect segments, set in a narrow, round, and even basin. Stalk, very long, inserted in a round and wide cavity. Flesh, yellowish, crisp, tender, very juicy, brisk, and sugary, and charged with a peculiarly rich and highly aromatic flavor.

A most delicious and valuable dessert apple of the very first quality; it is in use from December till February.

305. ROSS NONPAREIL.--Hort.

IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Trans. vol. iii. p. 454. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 480. Lind. Guide, 96. Down. Fr. Amer. 95.

FIGURES.--Pom. Mag. t. 90. Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xxxiv. f. 7.

Fruit, medium sized, two inches high, and two inches and a half broad; roundish, even, and regularly formed, narrowing a little towards the eye. Skin, entirely covered with thin russet, and faintly tinged with red on the side next the sun. Eye, small and open, set in a shallow and even basin. Stalk, an inch long, slender, inserted half its length in a round and even cavity. Flesh, greenish-white, firm, crisp, brisk and sugary, charged with a rich and aromatic flavor, which partakes very much of that of the varieties known by the name of Fenouillet, or Fennel-flavored apples.

This is one of the best dessert apples; it is in use from November to February.

The tree is an excellent bearer, hardy, and a free grower, and succeeds well on almost any description of soil.

This variety is of Irish origin.

306. ROUND WINTER NONESUCH.--Hort.

IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 491.

Fruit, large, over three inches wide, and two and a half high; roundish and very considerably flattened, or somewhat oblate; uneven in its outline, caused by several obtuse and unequal, though not prominent ribs on the sides. Skin, thick and membranous, smooth, pale yellow slightly tinged with green on the shaded side; but on the side exposed to the sun, it is marked with broken stripes and spots of beautiful deep crimson, thinly sprinkled all over with a few russety dots. Eye, large and closed, so prominently set and raised above the surface as to appear puffed up, and set on bosses. Stalk, very short, inserted in a round funnel-shaped cavity, and not protruding beyond the base. Flesh, greenish-white, tender, sweet, juicy, and pleasantly flavored.

A culinary apple of first-rate quality; it is in use from November to March.

The tree is an excellent bearer, and the fruit being large and beautiful, this variety is worthy the notice of the market gardener and orchardist.

307. ROYAL PEARMAIN.--Rea.

IDENTIFICATION.--Rea Pom. 210. Lind. Guide, 81. Gibs. Fr. Gard. 357. Rog. Fr. Cult. 73. Diel Kernobst. xii. 132. Meag. Eng. Gard.

SYNONYMES--Herefordshire Pearmain, _Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 3, 544. _Switz. Fr. Gard._ 137. _Down. Fr. Amer._ 112. Hertfordshire Pearmain, _Mill. Dict._ Pearmain Royal, _Knoop Pom._ 71, tab. xii. Pearmain Royal De Longue Durée, _Ibid._ 131. Engelsche Konings of Kings Pepping, _Ibid._ Merveille Pearmain, _Ibid._ Pearmain Double, _Ibid._ Englische Königsparmäne, _Diel Kernobst._ xii. 132.

FIGURE.--Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xxii. f. 4.