Part 23

Fruit, about medium size, two inches and a half broad in the middle, and two inches and a half high; narrowing towards the apex, conical, slightly angular on the sides, and ribbed round the eye. Skin, greenish-yellow, strewed with russety dots on the shaded side; but deep yellow, reticulated with fine russet, and dotted with small russety specks on the side exposed to the sun, and with a ray of fine lilac-purple on the base encircling the stalk. Eye, open, with long acute segments, set in a deep and ribbed basin. Stalk, five-eights of an inch long, downy, thick and fleshy, inserted in a round cavity, which is lined with delicate russet. Flesh, white, firm, crisp, and pleasantly acid.

A culinary apple much grown in the Tweedside orchards, where it is known by the name of the _Wine Apple_; it is in use from October to Christmas.

384. WHITMORE PIPPIN.--Forsyth.

IDENTIFICATION.--Fors. Treat. 129. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 861. Lind. Guide, 84.

Fruit, below medium size, two inches and a quarter wide at the base, and the same in height, but narrowing towards the apex; conical, and obtusely angled on the sides. Skin, pale greenish-yellow in the shade; but with a beautiful red cheek next the sun, and very sparingly strewed with a few minute dots. Eye, closed, set in a narrow and shallow basin. Stalk, about half-an-inch long, inserted in a wide, round, and even cavity. Flesh, white, tinged with green, tender, juicy, sub-acid, and slightly sweet.

A dessert apple of second-rate quality; in use from November to April.

385. WHORLE PIPPIN.--H.

SYNONYMES.--Summer Thorle, _Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 3, n. 830. Watson’s New Nonesuch, _acc. Ibid._ Thorle Pippin, _Leslie & Anders, Cat._ Thoral Pippin, _acc. Ron. Pyr. Mal._

FIGURE.--Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. ii. f. 3.

Fruit, below medium size, two inches and a quarter wide at the middle, and an inch and three quarters high; oblate, handsome, and regularly formed. Skin, smooth, shining, and glossy, almost entirely covered with fine bright crimson, which is marked with broken streaks of darker crimson; but on any portion which is shaded, it is of a fine clear yellow, a little streaked with pale crimson. Eye, scarcely at all depressed, large, half open, with broad, flat segments, which frequently appear as if rent from each other by an over-swelling of the fruit; and set in a very shallow basin, which is often very russety, and deeply and coarsely cracked. Stalk, a quarter of an inch long, inserted in a wide cavity. Flesh, yellowish-white, firm, crisp, and very juicy, with a brisk, refreshing, and pleasant flavor.

A beautiful little summer dessert apple, of first-rate quality; ripe in August. In the south it is but little known, but in Scotland it is to be met with in almost every garden and orchard.

In all probability the word Thorle is a corruption of Whorle, which is no doubt the correct name of this apple. The name is supposed to be derived from its resemblance to the _whorle_, which was the propelling power, or rather impetus of the spindle, when the distaff and spindle was so much in use.

386. WICKHAM’S PEARMAIN.--H.

SYNONYMES.--Wick Pearmain, _Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 3, p. 31.

Fruit, small, two inches wide, and about two inches high; pearmain-shaped, and quite flat at the base. Skin, yellow, tinged and dotted with red on the shaded side; but bright red on the side next the sun, and marked with patches and specks of russet round the eye. Eye, large and open, with long acuminate segments, reflexed, and set in a round, even, and plaited basin. Stalk, half-an-inch long, fleshy, inserted without any depression. Flesh, greenish-yellow, tender, crisp, juicy, sugary, and highly flavored.

An excellent dessert apple; in use from October to December. It was raised by a Mr. Wickham, of Wick, near Winchester. In the catalogue of the London Horticultural Society, it is called “Wick Pearmain,” but as the name I have adopted is that by which it is best known in Hampshire, I prefer retaining it.

387. WINTER CODLIN.--Hort.

IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 170.

Fruit, very large, three inches and an eighth wide at the middle, and three inches and a half high; conical, generally five-sided, with prominent ribs on the sides, which extend to the apex, forming considerable ridges round the eye. Skin, smooth, yellowish-green, and marked with dark dots. Eye, large and open, set in a deep and very angular basin. Stalk, half-an-inch long, inserted in a deep, smooth, and angular cavity. Flesh, greenish-white, tender, juicy, sweet, and sub-acid.

A fine old culinary apple of first-rate quality; in use from September to February.

The tree is a strong, vigorous, and healthy grower, and an excellent bearer.

388. WINTER COLMAN.--Lind.

IDENTIFICATION.--Lind. in Hort. Trans. vol. iv. p. 66. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 875 Rog. Fr. Cult. 58.

SYNONYMES.--Norfolk Colman, _Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. i. 683. Norfolk Storing, _Fors. Treat._ 117.

FIGURES.--Brook. Pom. Brit. pl. xcii. f. 5. Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xxxiii.

Fruit, above medium size; roundish and flattened. Skin, pale yellow, mottled with red on the shaded side, but deep red on the side next the sun. Eye, open, set in a rather shallow and plaited basin. Stalk, short, thick, and deeply inserted. Flesh, firm, crisp, and briskly acid.

A culinary apple of first-rate quality; in use from November to April.

The tree is a very strong and vigorous grower, so much so, that in its young state, it is not a great bearer; but when grafted on the paradise stock, it produces abundantly.

389. WINTER GREENING.--Aber.

IDENTIFICATION.--Aber. Gard. Dict.

SYNONYMES.--French Crab, _Fors. Treat._ 102. Easter Pippin, _Lind. Guide_, 45. _Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 3, n. 233. _Down. Fr. Amer._ 109. Claremont Pippin, _acc. Hort. Soc. Cat._ Ironstone Pippin, _Ibid._ Young’s Long Keeping, _Ibid._ John Apple, _Rog. Fr. Cult._

FIGURES.--Brook. Pom. Brit., pl. xciii. f. 1. Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xlii. f. 3.

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, and two inches and a quarter high; roundish, widest at the middle, and narrowing towards the crown, round which are a few small ridges. Skin, smooth and shining, of a dark lively green, strewed with minute russety dots; and with a blush of dull red where exposed to the sun. Eye, small and closed, set in a shallow and plaited basin. Stalk, half-an-inch long, inserted in a round cavity, which is lined with russet. Flesh, greenish, very close in texture, brittle and juicy, with a very poignant and pleasant acid.

A culinary apple of first-rate quality, which comes into use in November, and has been known to last under favorable circumstances, for two years. Dry sand is a good article to preserve it in.

The tree is very hardy, a free and good grower, and an abundant bearer.

I have not adopted here, the nomenclature of the Horticultural Society’s Catalogue, for two reasons. First, because Winter Greening is the previous name, and, so far as I can find, the original one. It is also very applicable, and not subject to the same objection which Mr. Lindley has to French Crab. Second, because there is already in the Horticultural Society’s Catalogue, the “White Easter”--the “Paasch Appel,” of Knoop--and the two names being so similar, may tend to confusion, a result of already too frequent occurrence, and most desirable to be avoided. The name Winter Greening is also more descriptive.

390. WINTER LADING.--H.

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, at the middle, and two inches and a half high; roundish, and narrowing towards the crown, irregularly formed, sometimes with one prominent angle on one side. Skin, bright green, marked with patches and dots of thin russet. Eye, closed, set in an angular basin. Stalk three quarters of an inch long, curved, inserted in a deep, round cavity. Flesh, greenish-white, juicy, sweet, very tender, and delicate, with a pleasant acid.

An excellent sauce apple; in use from October to Christmas. It is grown in the north-eastern parts of Sussex, about Heathfield.

391. WINTER MAJETIN.--Lind.

IDENTIFICATION.--Lind. in Hort. Trans. vol. iv. 68. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 876. Lind. Guide, 58.

Fruit, medium sized; roundish-ovate, with ribs round the crown. Skin, smooth, dark green, covered with thin dull brownish-red on the side next the sun. Eye, small and open, set in a deep basin, which is much furrowed and plaited. Stalk, three quarters of an inch long, slender, inserted in a deep and narrow cavity, which is lined with russet. Flesh, greenish-white, firm, crisp, brisk, and pleasantly flavored.

A first-rate culinary apple, bearing a considerable resemblance to the London Pippin, but does not change to yellow color by keeping as that variety does. It is in use from January to May.

This variety is, strictly speaking, a Norfolk apple, where it is much grown for the local markets. It was first made public by Mr. George Lindley, who introduced it to the notice of the London Horticultural Society. In the “Guide to the Orchard,” it is stated that the Aphis Lanigera or “Meally Bug,” so destructive to most of our old orchard trees, seems to be set at defiance by the Majetin. “An old tree now growing in a garden belonging to Mr. William Youngman, of Norwich, which had been grafted about three feet high in the stem, has been for many years attacked by this insect below the grafted part, but never above it; the limbs and branches being to this day perfectly free, although all the other trees in the same garden have been infested more or less with it.”

The tree is a most abundant bearer.

392. WINTER PEARMAIN.--Ger.

IDENTIFICATION.--Ger. Herb. Aust. Treat. 54. Raii. Hist. ii. 1448. Lang Pom. 134. t. lxxviii. f. 4. Gibs. Fr. Gard. 356. Fors. Treat. 130. Lind. Guide, 84. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 563. Rog. Fr. Cult. 76.

SYNONYMES.--Great Pearmaine, _Park. Par._ 587. Pearmain. _Evelyn Pom._ 65. Peare-maine, _Husb. Fr. Orch._ Old Pearmain, _Pom. Heref._ t. 29. Parmain d’Hiver, _Knoop. Pom._ 64. t. xi. Pèpin Parmain d’Hiver, _Ibid._ 131. Pepin Parmain d’Angleterre, _Ibid._ Grauwe of Blanke Pepping Van Der Laan, _Ibid._ Peremenes _Ibid._ Zeeuwsche Pepping, _Ibid._ Duck’s Bill, _in some parts of Sussex_. Druë Permein d’Angleterre, _Quint. Inst._ 202.

FIGURES.--Pom. Heref. t. 29. Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xxii. f. 2.

[Illustration]

Fruit, large, three inches and a quarter wide, and about the same in height; of a true pearmain shape, somewhat five sided towards the crown. Skin, smooth and shining, at first of a greenish-yellow, marked with faint streaks of dull red on the shaded side, and entirely covered with deep red on the side next the sun; but changes by keeping to fine deep yellow, streaked with flesh color on the shaded side; but of a beautiful, clear, deep red or crimson, on the side next the sun, and strewed all over with small russety dots. Eye, large and open, with short segments, set in a pretty deep, and prominently plaited basin. Stalk, very short, not exceeding a quarter of an inch long, inserted in a deep, funnel-shaped cavity, which is lined with russet. Flesh, yellowish, firm, crisp, juicy, and sugary, with a brisk, poignant, and very pleasant flavor.

A highly esteemed old English apple, suitable principally for culinary purposes, but also valuable for the dessert; it is in use from December to the end of April.

The tree attains about the middle size, is a free and healthy grower, and an excellent bearer.

This is, I believe, the oldest existing English apple on record. It is noticed as being cultivated in Norfolk, as early as the year 1200,--what evidence against Mr. Knight’s theory! In Blomefield’s History of Norfolk, there is mention of a tenure in that county by petty serjeanty, and the payment of two hundred pearmains, and four hogsheads of cider of pearmains into the Exchequer, at the feast of St. Michael, yearly. It is the original of all the Pearmains, a name now applied to a great variety of apples. Much doubt has existed as to the origin of this word, and in a communication to the Gardener’s Chronicle for 1848, I there stated what I conceived to be its meaning. The early forms in which it was written, will be seen from the synonymes above, they were Pearemaine and Peare-maine. In some early historical works of the same period, I have seen Charlemagne written _Charlemaine_, the last portion of the word having the same termination as _Pearemaine_. Now, Charlemagne being derived from _Carolus magnus_ there is every probability that Pearemaine is derived from _Pyrus magnus_. The signification therefore of Pearmain is the _Great Pear Apple_, in allusion no doubt, to the varieties known by that name, bearing a resemblance to the form of a pear.

393. WINTER QUOINING.

SYNONYMES.--Winter Queening, Rea. Pom. 212. _Raii. Hist._ ii. 1448. _Fors. Treat._ 100. _Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 3, n. 610. Winter Quinin, _Nourse Camp. Fel._ 146. Calville d’Angleterre. Langer Rother Himbeerapfel, _Diel Kernobst._ v. 15.

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a quarter wide, and rather more than two inches and a half high; conical, distinctly five-sided, with five acute angles, extending the whole length of the fruit, and terminating at the crown in five equal, and prominent crowns. Skin, pale-green, almost entirely covered with red, which is striped and mottled with deeper red, and marked on the shaded side with a thin coat of russet. Eye, small, and closed, set in a narrow and angular cavity. Stalk, about half-an-inch long and slender, deeply inserted in a narrow and angular cavity. Flesh, greenish-yellow, tender, soft, not very juicy, sugary, rich, and perfumed.

A good old English apple, suitable either for the dessert or culinary purposes; it is in use from November to May.

The Winter Quoining, is a very old English apple. I have here adopted an orthography, different from that usually employed, because I conceive it to be the most correct. The name is derived from the word Coin or Quoin, the corner stones of a building, because of the angles or corners on the sides of the fruit. Thus Rea in his Pomona says, when speaking of this apple, “it succeeds incomparably on the paradise apple, as the Colviele, (Calville) and all other sorts of Queenings do,” regarding the Calville also as a Queening from the angularity of its shape.

394. WOODCOCK.--Evelyn.

IDENTIFICATION.--Evelyn Pom. 102. Pom. Heref. t. 10. Lind. Guide, 112. Rog. Fr. Cult. 112.

Fruit, medium sized; of an oval shape, tapering a little towards the crown, which is narrow. Eye, flat, with broad segments of the calyx. Stalk, three quarters of an inch long, thick, and fleshy, and curved inwards towards the fruit. Skin, yellow, nearly covered with a soft red, and much deeper color on the sunny side.

Specific gravity of the juice, 1073.--_Lindley._

This is one of the oldest cider apples, and is highly commended by the writers of the seventeenth century; but according to Mr. Knight it has long ceased to deserve the attention of the planter. It is said that the name of this apple, is derived from an imagined resemblance in the form of the fruit, and fruit-stalk, in some instances, to the head and beak of a woodcock; but Mr. Knight thinks it probable that it was raised by a person of that name.

395. WOOLMAN’S LONG.--Coxe.

IDENTIFICATION--Coxe View, 169. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 884.

SYNONYMES.--Ortley, _Hort. Trans._ vol. vi. p. 415. _Lind. Guide_, 78. Van Dyne, _Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 1, 1128.

Fruit, medium sized; oblong. Skin, clear deep yellow, on the shaded side; but bright scarlet, on the side next the sun, sprinkled with imbedded pearly specks, and russety dots. Eye, large, set in a moderately deep and plaited basin. Stalk, slender, inserted in a rather deep and even cavity. Flesh, yellowish, crisp, brittle, juicy, with a rich, brisk, and perfumed flavor.

An excellent apple of first-rate quality, suitable either for culinary or dessert use; it is in season from December to April.

This is an American apple, and originated in the state of New Jersey, U. S.

396. WORMSLEY PIPPIN.--Hort.

IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 885. Down. Fr. Amer. 97. Gard. Chron. 1846, 853. Rog. Fr. Cult. 80.

SYNONYME.--Knight’s Codlin, _acc. Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 3.

FIGURE.--Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. iv. f. 2.

Fruit, large, three inches and a half broad in the middle, and three inches high; ovate, widest at the middle, and narrowing both towards the base and the apex, with obtuse angles on the sides, which terminate at the crown in several prominent ridges. Skin, smooth, deep clear yellow, with a rich golden or orange tinge, on the side next the sun, and covered with numerous dark spots. Eye, large and open, with long acuminate segments, placed in a deep, furrowed, and angular basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a deep and round cavity, which is thickly lined with russet. Flesh, yellow, tender, crisp, rich, sugary, brisk, and aromatic.

A most valuable apple either for the dessert or culinary purposes; it is in season during September and October.

This admirable apple was raised by T. A. Knight, Esq., and first brought into notice in 1811. As a culinary apple it is not to be surpassed; and even in the dessert, when well ripened, Mr. Knight considered it closely resembled the Newtown Pippin. The tree is hardy, healthy, a free and abundant bearer. It has been found to succeed in every latitude of these kingdoms. Even in Rosshire, the late Sir. G. S. McKenzie, found it to succeed well as an espalier. It ought to be cultivated in every garden, however small.

397. WYKEN PIPPIN.--Hort.

IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 886. Lind. Guide, 25. Rog. Fr. Cult. 93.

SYNONYMES.--Warwickshire Pippin, _Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 1, 39. Arley, _Ibid._ 18. Girkin Pippin, _acc. Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 3.

FIGURE.--Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xli. f. 1.

[Illustration]

Fruit, below medium size, two inches and a half broad, and two inches high; oblate, even and handsomely shaped. Skin, smooth, pale greenish-yellow in the shade; but with a dull orange blush next the sun, and sprinkled all over with russety dots and patches of delicate russet, particularly on the base. Eye, large and open, set in a wide, shallow, and plaited basin. Stalk, very short, imbedded in a shallow cavity. Flesh, yellow, tinged with green, tender, very juicy, sweet, and richly flavored.

A valuable and delicious dessert apple of first-rate quality; in use from December to April.

The tree is a healthy and good grower, and an excellent bearer.

This variety is said to have originated from seed saved from an apple which Lord Craven had eaten while on his travels from France to Holland, and which was planted at Wyken, about two miles from Coventry. According to Mr. Lindley, the original tree, then very old, was in existence in 1827, and presented the appearance of an old trunk, with a strong sucker growing from its roots.

398. YELLOW ELLIOT.--Knight.

IDENTIFICATION.--Pom. Heref. t 17. Lind. Guide, 113.

SYNONYMES.--Eleot, _Worl. Vin._ 163. Eliot, _Philips Cid._ Yellow Eyelet, _Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 3, p. 15.?.

Fruit, of a good size, rather more flat than long, having a few obtuse angles terminating in the crown. Eye, small, with short diverging segment of the calyx. Stalk, short. Skin, pale yellow, slightly shaded with orange on the sunny side.

Specific gravity of the juice, 1076.

The cider of this apple in a new state, is harsh and astringent, but grows soft and mellow with age, and was much esteemed by the writers of the seventeenth century.

399. YELLOW INGESTRIE.--Hort.

IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Trans. vol. 1, p. 227. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed 3, n. 359. Lind. Guide, 26. Diel Kernobst. iii. B. 43. Rog. Fr. Cult. 81.

FIGURE.--Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. i. f. 4.

Fruit, small, an inch and three quarters wide, and an inch and five-eights high; of a handsome cylindrical shape, flattened at both ends. Skin, smooth, of a fine clear yellow, tinged with a deeper yellow on the side next the sun, and marked with small pinky spots. Eye, small, and partially closed, set almost even with the surface; but sometimes in a wide, and shallow basin. Stalk, from half-an-inch to three quarters long, set in a rather shallow, and smooth cavity. Flesh, yellow, firm, crisp, and delicate, with a profusion of brisk, and highly flavored vinous juice.

A beautiful and delightful little dessert apple, of first-rate quality, bearing a considerable resemblance to the Golden Pippin; it is in use during September and October.

The tree is large, spreading, and an excellent bearer.

This and the Red Ingestrie, were raised by T. A. Knight, Esq.

400. YELLOW NEWTOWN PIPPIN.--Hort.

IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 595.

SYNONYME.--Large Yellow Newtown Pippin, _Coxe View_. 142.

Fruit, large, three inches and a half wide, and two inches and three quarters high; roundish, irregular in its outline, and prominently angled on the sides. Skin, of an uniform deep straw-color, which is rather deeper and richer on the side next the sun, than on the other; and thinly covered with delicate reticulations of fine grey russet, interspersed with several large dark spots. Eye, large and closed, with long linear segments, set in a wide and irregular basin, from which issue several deep russety furrows. Stalk, short, deeply inserted in an uneven and angular cavity, which is partially lined with russet. Flesh, yellowish, crisp, juicy, and slightly sub-acid, but with an agreeable flavor.

A first-rate dessert apple; in use from December to March, and ripens better in this climate than the Newtown Pippin.

401. YORKSHIRE GREENING.--Fors.

IDENTIFICATION.--Fors. Treat. 131. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 889. Lind. Guide, 60. Rog. Fr. Cult. 60.

SYNONYMES.--Coates’s, _Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 1, 165. Seek-no-farther, _Ibid._ 1032. Yorkshire Goose Sauce, _acc. Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 3.

FIGURE.--Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xi. f. 2.

Fruit, large, three inches and a half wide, and two inches and a half high; oblate and slightly angular on the sides. Skin, very dark green; but where exposed to the sun, tinged with dull red, which is striped with broken stripes of deeper red, very much speckled all over with rather bold grey russet specks, and over the base with traces of greyish brown russet. Eye, closed, set in a shallow, irregular, and plaited basin. Stalk, short, stout, and fleshy, covered with grey tomentum, inserted in a wide and rather shallow cavity. Flesh, greenish-white, firm, crisp, and very juicy, with a brisk, but pleasant acidity.

A first-rate culinary apple; in use from October to January.

ADDITIONAL VARIETIES OF APPLES.

The following is an enumeration of apples which are known to exist in Great Britain, but of the great majority of which I have no personal knowledge. They are either recorded in other works on pomology, or have been communicated to me by correspondents. The most of these have only a local reputation, and do not possess sufficient merit to make them attractive out of their own districts. A great number are continental varieties, which have chiefly been introduced through the instrumentality of the London Horticultural Society, in whose garden they are only to be found; and many of these are worthy of being more generally known. There are also several varieties which have come under my notice, since the preceding part of this work was published; but of the greater part enumerated, I have had no opportunity of seeing the fruit; the descriptions, therefore, are either from the works in which they are recorded, or the correspondents with whom I have communicated; my object in supplying these additional varieties, being to furnish a complete record of all that are known to exist in Great Britain so far as that can be ascertained.

402. ACHMORE.

A Scotch apple of medium size, and conical shape, green on the shaded side, and red next the sun; of second-rate quality as a dessert fruit, and in season during December and January.--_H. S. C._ n. 2.

403. ADAM’S APPLE.