Part 10

Fruit, medium sized, about two inches and three quarters wide, and two inches and a half high; roundish-ovate, somewhat ribbed towards the eye. Skin, smooth, clear deep yellow, thinly strewed with large brownish russety dots, on the shaded side, and marked with patches and veins of thin, delicate, pale brown russet, and a faint tinge of red on the side exposed to the sun. Eye, closed, set in a narrow and even basin. Stalk, half-an-inch long, inserted in a narrow and shallow cavity, which is lined with russet. Flesh, yellowish, tender, sweet, aqueous, and slightly perfumed.

A culinary apple, in use from December to February.

The Famagusta of the Horticultural Society’s Catalogue cannot be the original Famagusta mentioned by Rea, Worlidge, and Ray, because Rea says it is “a fair large _early_ apple,” which is confirmed by Worlidge placing it “in the number of the best _early_ apples.” The name is, therefore, now given to a variety different from that to which it was originally applied, but which may still be in existence in some parts of the country.

118. FARLEIGH PIPPIN.--Lind.

IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 243. Lind. Guide, 68. Rog. Fr. Cult. 97.

SYNONYME.--Farley Pippin, _Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 1, n. 319.

Fruit, medium sized; oblong-ovate, and with prominent ribs on the sides, which terminate at the crown in bold ridges. Skin, yellowish-green on the shaded side; and brownish-red where exposed to the sun. Eye, deeply set in an angular basin. Flesh, greenish, firm, rich, and sugary.

A dessert apple of first-rate quality; in use from January to April.

The tree is a strong, vigorous, and upright grower, very hardy, and an abundant bearer.

This variety originated at Farleigh, in Kent.

119. FEARN’S PIPPIN.--Hooker.

IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 2, n. 245. Lind. Guide, 47. Fors. Treat. 102. Rog. Fr. Cult. 85.

SYNONYMES.--Clifton Nonesuch, _acc. Hort. Soc. Cat._ Ferris Pippin, _Ibid._ Florence Pippin, _in Covent Garden Market_.

FIGURE.--Hook. Pom. Lond. t. 43. Pom. Mag. t. 67. Ron. Pyr. Mal. t. xii. f. 2.

Fruit, medium sized; roundish, and flattened at both ends. Skin, pale greenish-yellow, streaked with dull red on the shaded side; and bright dark crimson, strewed with grey dots, and small patches of russet on the side next the sun, and extending almost over the whole surface. Eye, large, partially open, with broad connivent segments, which are reflexed at the tips, and set in a shallow and plaited basin. Stalk, a quarter of an inch long, inserted in a wide and shallow cavity. Flesh, yellowish-white, firm, crisp, brisk, sugary, and pleasantly flavored.

An excellent apple, either for the dessert or culinary purposes; it is in use from November to February.

The tree is very hardy and a great bearer. It is only of late years that it has been brought into general cultivation, and now it is grown very extensively by the London market gardeners, for the supply of Covent Garden Market.

120. FEDERAL PEARMAIN.--Hort.

IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 540.

Fruit, below medium size; pearmain-shaped. Skin, yellowish on the shaded side; with a little red, and a few dark red streaks on the side next the sun; the whole thickly covered with large russety dots, and a few patches of russet. Eye, set in a pretty deep and ribbed basin. Stalk, about half-an-inch long, inserted in a funnel-shaped and russety cavity. Flesh, fine and delicate, very juicy, with a rich, sugary, and vinous flavor.

A dessert apple of first-rate quality; ripe in December, and continues till March.

121. FENOUILLET GRIS.--Duh.

IDENTIFICATION.--Duh. Arb. Fruit. i. 287. t. 5. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 246. Lind. Guide, 88. Down. Fr. Amer. 110. Diel Kernobst. iv. 117. Quint. Inst. i. 202.

SYNONYMES.--Fenouillet, _Knoop Pom._ 52. t. ix. Fenellet, _Lang. Pom._ 134, t. lxxv. f. 1. Fenouillet, d’Or Gros, _acc. Hort. Soc. Cat._ Gros Fenouillet _acc. Calvel_. Petit Fenouillet, _Ibid._ Pomme d’Anis, _acc. Merlet_. Anis, _Duh. Arb. Fruit._ i. 287. George de Pigeon, _acc. Knoop_. 130. Graue Fenchelapfel, _Diel Kernobst._ iv. 117. Grauer Fenchelapfel. Anisapfel, _Mayer Pom. Franc._ t. xxxii. f. 55. Winter Anisreinette, _Christ Handb._ No. 116.

FIGURE.--Nois. Jard. Fr. ed. 2, pl. 99. Poit. et Turp. 151.

Fruit, small, about two inches and a quarter broad, and the same in height; roundish-ovate, and broadest at the base. Skin, of a fine deep yellow color, like a Golden Pippin, but almost entirely covered with russet, which is brown on the shaded side, and grey where exposed to the sun, mixed with a tinge of redish brown. Eye, small and open, set in a round, wide, and rather deep basin. Stalk, half-an-inch long, inserted in a rather shallow cavity. Flesh, yellowish-white, tender, crisp, rich, sugary, and aromatic, partaking much of the flavor of Anise--hence the origin of one of the synonymes.

An excellent dessert apple, and when well ripened is considered of first-rate quality by those who are partial to its peculiar flavor. It is in season from December to March, and at an advanced period becomes woolly.

The tree is a small and slender grower; but an abundant bearer. It requires a rich soil and warm situation, and succeeds well as a dwarf on the paradise stock.

122. FENOUILLET JAUNE.--Duh.

IDENTIFICATION.--Duh. Arb. Fruit. i. 290. Down. Fr. Amer. 109. Bon. Jard.

SYNONYMES.--Drap d’Or, _Knoop Pom._ 59. Caracter Appel, _Ibid._ t. x. Pomme de Caractère, _Ibid._ 130. Reinette Drap d’Or, _Ibid._ 130. Embroidered Pippin, _Lind Guide_, 46.

FIGURE.--Jard. Fruit. ed. 2, pl. 105.

Fruit, small, two inches and a quarter broad, and an inch and three quarters high; roundish, flattened, and broadest at the base; even and regularly formed. Skin, fine bright yellow, marked with reticulations of pale brown russet. Eye, small and closed, set in a wide and pretty deep basin. Stalk, short and stout, inserted in a deep and funnel-shaped cavity. Flesh, white, firm, sugary, and richly perfumed.

A delicious little dessert apple; in use from December to April.

The tree is a free grower, quite hardy, and an excellent bearer; but requires a light and warm soil.

According to Knoop, this apple is called Pomme de Caractère, from the linear tracings of russet with which it is covered, being so disposed as to give it the appearance of being marked with letters or _characters_.

123. FENOUILLET ROUGE.--Duh.

IDENTIFICATION--Duh. Arb. Fruit, i. 289. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 247. Lind. Guide, 47. Down. Fr. Amer. 109. Diel Kernobst. iii. 199.

SYNONYMES.--Courtpendû, _Quint. Inst._ i. 202. Reinette Courtpendû, _Knoop Pom._ 129. Courtpendû Gris, _Ibid._ 60. Reinette de Goslinga, _Ibid._ 129. Carpendy, _Gibs. Fr. Gard._ 355. Petit Courtpendu Gris, _Inst. Arb. Fr._ 154. Bardin, _Schab. Prat._ ii. 88. Pomme de Bardin, _Riv. et Moul. Meth._ 191. Curtipendula Minora, _Bauh. Hist._ i. 23. Rothe Fenchelapfel, _Diel Kernobst._ iii. 199. Reinette Grise de Champagne, _acc. Bret. Ecole_.

FIGURE.--Jard. Fruit. ed. 2, pl. 99. Mayer Pom. Franc. tab. xxxiii. Poit. et Turp. pl. 67.

Fruit, small, two inches broad and about the same in height; roundish, and a little flattened. Skin, pale greenish-yellow, but so entirely covered with dark grey russet as to leave none of the ground color visible, except that portion exposed to the sun, which is dark redish brown. Eye, large and closed, set in a wide and rather shallow basin. Stalk, about an inch long, sometimes obliquely inserted, by the side of a fleshy prominence, in a wide and shallow cavity. Flesh, greenish-white, firm, rich, sugary, and highly perfumed with the flavor of anise or fennel.

An excellent dessert apple; in use from November to January.

The tree is a small grower, but an abundant bearer, and requires a warm and rich soil to have the fruit in perfection.

124. FILL-BASKET.--H.

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half wide, and the same in height; conical, round at the base, flattened at the apex, and distinctly angular on the sides. Skin, pale dull greenish-yellow on the shaded side, and streaked with broken patches and pencilings of pale red, where exposed to the sun, the whole covered with russety dots. Eye, closed, as if drawn together or puckered, placed level with the flat crown, and with a small knob or wart at the base of each segment. Stalk, three quarters of an inch long, thickest at the insertion, and placed in a small, round, and shallow cavity, which is surrounded with dark brown russet. Flesh, greenish-white, tender, juicy, and acid, with a brisk and pleasant flavor.

An excellent culinary apple, extensively grown in the neighbourhood of Lancaster, where it is highly esteemed; it is in use from October to January.

This, which may be called the Lancashire Fill-basket, is very different from the Kentish variety of that name.

125. FLANDERS PIPPIN.--H.

Fruit, medium sized, three inches wide, and two and a quarter high; oblate, and marked on the sides with ten distinct angles, five of which are more prominent than the others. Skin, pale green, changing to pale greenish-yellow as it ripens, and occasionally tinged with a cloud of thin dull red on the side exposed to the sun, and thinly strewed with a few dots. Eye, closed, with long and downy segments, set in a narrow and ribbed basin. Stalk, from half-an-inch to an inch in length, slender, and inserted in a deep funnel-shaped cavity, which is lined with russet. Flesh, white, tender, and marrowy, juicy, and briskly flavored.

A culinary apple of second-rate quality; in use during October and November.

It is much grown in the Berkshire orchards.

126. FLOWER OF KENT.--Park.

IDENTIFICATION.--Park. Par. 587. Raii Hist. ii. 1448. Fors. Treat. 101. Lind Guide, 14. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 254. Down. Fr. Amer. 83. Rog. Fr. Cult. 37.

FIGURE.--Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xv. f. 2.

[Illustration]

Fruit, large; roundish, and considerably flattened, with obtuse angles on the sides, which extend into the basin of the eye, where they form prominent knobs on the apex. Skin, greenish-yellow, thickly strewed with green dots on the shaded side; but next the sun, dull red marked with patches and streaks of livelier red, and dotted with light grey dots. Eye, large and open, with broad reflexed segments, and placed in a large angular basin, which is marked with russet. Stalk, an inch long, thick and strong, deeply set in an angular cavity. Flesh, greenish-white, firm, crisp, and juicy, with a pleasant and briskly acid flavor.

A culinary apple of first-rate quality; in use from November to January.

The tree is a pretty good bearer, one of the strongest and most vigorous growers, and consequently more suitable for the orchard than the fruit garden.

This is a very old variety, being mentioned by Parkinson, Leonard Meager, and Ray, but there is no notice of it in the works of any subsequent writer till the publication of Forsyth’s Treatise.

127. FLUSHING SPITZENBURGH.--Down.

IDENTIFICATION.--Down. Fr. Amer. 139.

Fruit, medium sized; roundish, narrowing towards the eye. Skin, entirely covered with deep red, which is streaked with deeper red, except on any small portion where it has been shaded, and there it is green, marked with broken streaks and mottles of red, the whole surface strewed with light grey russety dots. Eye, small and closed, very slightly depressed, and surrounded with plaits. Stalk, nearly an inch long, inserted in a deep and russety cavity. Flesh, greenish, tender, sweet, juicy, and without any predominance of acid.

An American dessert apple of little value; in use from October to January.

In the Horticultural Society’s Catalogue this is made synonymous with Esopus Spitzenburgh, but it is quite a different variety.

128. FOREST STYRE.--Knight.

IDENTIFICATION.--Pom. Heref. pl. xii.

SYNONYMES.--Stire, _Marsh. Gloucest._ ii. 251. _Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 3, n. 799. Forest Styre, _Lind. Guide_, 104.

FIGURE.--Pom. Heref. pl. xii.

Fruit, below medium size; roundish, inclining to oblate, regularly and handsomely shaped. Skin, pale yellow, with a blush of red on the side which is exposed to the sun. Eye, small and closed, with short obtuse segments, set in a shallow and plaited basin. Stalk, very short, inserted in a shallow cavity. Flesh, firm.

Specific gravity of the juice from 1076 to 1081.

This is a fine old Gloucestershire cider apple, which is extensively cultivated on the thin limestone soils of the Forest of Dean. The cider that it produces is strong bodied, rich, and highly flavored.

The tree produces numerous straight, luxuriant, upward shoots, like a pollard willow; it runs much to wood, and in deep soils attains a considerable size before it becomes fruitful.

129. FORGE.--H.

[Illustration]

Fruit, medium sized; roundish, obscurely ribbed, and sometimes narrowing towards the eye, where it is angular. Skin, smooth and shining, of a fine golden yellow color, strewed with mottles of crimson on the shaded side; and dark red marked with patches of deep crimson on the side exposed to the sun; sometimes when much exposed to the sun the yellow assumes a deep orange tinge. Eye, small and closed, set in an angular basin. Stalk, very short, not a quarter of an inch long, inserted in a small, round, and shallow cavity, surrounded with thick russet. Flesh, yellowish-white, tender, mellow, juicy, sweet, and finely perfumed.

A beautiful and valuable apple, suitable either for the dessert, culinary use, or for the manufacture of cider. It is in use from October to January.

The tree attains about the middle size, is perfectly hardy and healthy, and quite free from canker and disease. It is a most abundant and regular bearer.

I am surprised that this beautiful apple has hitherto escaped the notice of pomologists, it being so universally grown, and generally popular, in the district to which it belongs. In the north-eastern parts of Sussex, and the adjoining county of Surrey, it is extensively cultivated, and I believe there is scarcely a cottager’s garden where it is not to be met with, nor is there a cottager to whom its name is not as familiar as his own, it being considered to supply all the qualifications that a valuable apple is supposed to possess; and although this judgment is formed in contrast with the other varieties grown in the district, nevertheless, the Forge is a useful and valuable apple, particularly to a cottager, whether we consider its great productiveness, its uses as a dessert and excellent cooking apple, or the excellent cider which it produces. It is said to have originated at a blacksmith’s forge near East Grinstead.

130. FORMAN’S CREW.--Hort.

IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 256. Lind. Guide, 69. Rog. Fr. Cult. 60.

FIGURE.--Pom. Mag. t. 89.

Fruit, below medium size, two inches and a half high, and two inches wide; conical, and flattened at both ends. Skin, pale yellowish-green, with redish-brown on the side exposed to the sun, covered with pale, thin, yellowish-brown russet. Eye, small and open, set in a shallow and plaited basin. Stalk, short, not deeply inserted. Flesh, greenish-yellow, juicy, rich, and highly flavored, with much of the flavor of the Nonpareil and Golden Pippin.

An excellent dessert apple of first-rate quality; it comes into use in November, and keeps till April.

The tree is a great bearer, but tender and subject to canker.

It is well adapted for dwarf training when worked on the paradise stock.

This variety was raised by Thomas Seton Forman, Esq., Pennydarron Place, near Merthyr Tydvil, Glamorganshire.

131. FOULDEN PEARMAIN.--Lind.

IDENTIFICATION.--Lind. in Hort. Trans. vol. iv. p. 69. Lind. Guide, 69. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 541.

SYNONYME.--Horrex’s Pearmain, _acc. Lind. in Hort. Trans._

Fruit, below medium size, two inches and a half high, and about the same broad; ovate. Skin, yellow in the shade, and clear thin red on the side exposed to the sun, strewed all over with small russety dots. Eye, small and open, set in a narrow and shallow basin. Stalk, three quarters of an inch long, inserted in a round and moderately deep cavity. Flesh, yellowish, tender, very juicy, and briskly acid.

An excellent culinary apple, and suitable also for the dessert; in use from November to March.

This variety originated in the garden of Mrs. Horrex, of Foulden, in Norfolk, and was first brought into notice by Mr. George Lindley, who communicated it to the Horticultural Society, March 7, 1820.

132. FOXLEY.--Knight.

IDENTIFICATION.--Pom. Heref. t. 14. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 258. Lind. Guide, 104.

FIGURE.--Pom. Heref. t. 14.

[Illustration]

Fruit, growing in clusters of two or three together, very small, not much larger than a good sized cherry; roundish, and sometimes a little flattened, and narrowing towards the crown. Skin, deep, rich, golden yellow on the shaded side; and bright redish-orange on the side exposed to the sun. Eye, small and closed, not depressed, and surrounded with a few knobs. Stalk, about an inch long, inserted in a shallow cavity, which is lined with russet. Flesh, yellow.

Specific gravity of the juice 1080.

A valuable cider apple.

This variety was raised by Thomas Andrew Knight, Esq., from the Cherry Apple, impregnated with the pollen of the Golden Pippin. It was named Foxley from the seat of the late Uvedale Price, Esq., in whose garden, where it had been grafted, it first attained maturity. Mr. Knight says, “there is no situation where the common Wild Crab will produce fruit, in which the Foxley will not produce a fine cider.”

133. FOX-WHELP.--Evelyn.

IDENTIFICATION.--Evelyn Pom. Lind. Guide, 105. Fors. Treat. 101. Down. Fr. Amer. 146. Rog. Fr. Cult. 112. Worl. Vin. 162.

FIGURE.--Pom. Heref. t. 3.

Fruit, medium sized; ovate, and irregularly shaped, with prominent angles on the sides. Skin, yellow and red, mixed with a good deal of deeper red streaked all over the fruit.

Specific gravity of the juice 1076 when the fruit is healthy; and when small and shrivelled it is 1080.

The juice of this variety is extremely rich and saccharine, and enters in a greater or less proportion into the composition of many of the finest ciders in Herefordshire, to which it communicates both strength and flavor.

This is one of the oldest of our cider apples, and is enumerated by Evelyn; but is not so highly extolled as the Redstreak, and some other varieties. In Evelyn’s “Advertisements concerning Cider,” a “person of great experience,” says “Cider for strength and a long lasting drink is best made of the _Fox-Whelp_ of the _Forest of Dean_, but which comes not to be drunk till two or three years old.” By Worlidge it was “esteemed among the choice cider fruits.”

134. FRANKLIN’S GOLDEN PIPPIN.--Hort.

IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 283. Fors. Treat. 101. Lind. Guide, 15. Down. Fr. Amer. 83. Diel Kernobst. x. 92.

SYNONYME.--Sudlow’s Fall Pippin, _Hort. Trans._ vol. iv. p. 217.

FIGURE.--Pom. Mag. t. 137. Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xviii. f. 3.

[Illustration]

Fruit, medium sized; oblato-ovate, even and regularly formed. Skin, of an uniform deep yellow, covered all over with dark spots interspersed with fine russet, particularly round the apex. Eye, small, with long narrow segments overlapping each other, partially open, and set in a wide and deep basin. Stalk, short and slender, about half-an-inch long, inserted in a round, narrow, and smooth cavity. Flesh, yellow, tender, and crisp, very juicy, vinous, and aromatic.

A dessert apple of first-rate quality; in use from October to December.

The tree does not attain a large size, but is vigorous, healthy, and hardy, and an excellent bearer. It is well suited for a dwarf or espalier, and succeeds well on the paradise stock.

This is of American origin, and was introduced to this country by John Sudlow, Esq., of Thames Ditton, and first exhibited at the London Horticultural Society in 1819.

135. FRIAR.--Knight.

IDENTIFICATION.--Pom. Heref. t. 30. Lind. Guide, 105. Salisb. Or. 126.

FIGURE.--Pom. Heref. t. 30.

Fruit, of good size; somewhat conical, being broad at the base, and narrow at the crown. Skin, dark grass-green on the shaded side; and dark muddy livid red where exposed to the sun. Eye, sunk, and surrounded by four or five obtuse but prominent ridges. Stalk, short and stiff, notwithstanding which the fruit is generally pendant.

Specific gravity of its juice 1073.

This is a cider apple cultivated in the north-west parts of Herefordshire, where the climate is cold, and the soil unfavourable, and where proper attention is never paid by the farmer to the management of his cider, which in consequence is generally fit only for the ordinary purposes of a farm-house.--_Knight._

The trees are vigorous and productive.

Mr. Knight says, “The Friar probably derived its name from some imagined resemblance between its color and that of the countenance of a well-fed ecclesiastic.”

136. FULWOOD.--Hort.

IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 261. Lind. Guide, 48.

SYNONYME.--Green Fulwood, _acc. Hort. Soc. Cat._

Fruit, large, three inches and a half wide, and two inches and a half high; roundish, with broad irregular ribs on the sides. Skin, green, covered with broken stripes of dark dull red on the side next the sun. Eye, large and closed, moderately depressed, and surrounded with broad plaits. Stalk, short and slender, deeply inserted in a narrow and uneven cavity. Flesh, greenish-white, firm, crisp, very juicy, briskly acid, and slightly perfumed.

A culinary apple of first-rate quality; in use from November to March.

137. GANGES.--Lind.

IDENTIFICATION.--Lind. Guide, 69. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 262.

Fruit, large; oblong and irregular. Skin, green, with a few specks of darker green interspersed; and dashed with red on the sunny side. Eye, hollow. Stalk, half-an-inch long, deeply inserted, quite within the base. Flesh, pale yellowish-green, sub-acid, and of good flavor.

A culinary apple; in use from October to January.--_Lindley._

138. GARTER.--Knight.

IDENTIFICATION.--Pom. Heref. t. 26. Lind. Guide, 105. Salisb. Or. 125.

FIGURE.--Pom. Heref. t. 26.

Fruit, medium sized; oblong, tapering from the base to the crown, perfectly round in its circumference, and free from angles. Skin, pale yellow on the shaded side; but when exposed to the sun of a bright lively red, shaded with darker streaks and patches quite into the crown.

Specific gravity of its juice 1066.

Though this contains but a small portion of saccharine matter, it contributes to afford excellent cider when mixed with some of the older varieties.

139. GLORIA MUNDI.--Hort.

IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 271. Down. Fr. Amer. 110.

SYNONYMES.--Monstrous Pippin, _Coxe View_, 117. Baltimore, _Hort. Trans._ iii. 120. _Lind. Guide_, 61. Glazenwood Gloria Mundi, _acc. Hort. Soc. Cat._ New York Gloria Mundi, _Ibid._ American Gloria Mundi, _Ibid._ American Mammoth, _Ibid._ Mammoth, _Ron. Pyr. Mal._ 13. Ox Apple, _acc. Downing_. Pomme Josephine, _Poit et Turp._ v. tab. 423. Pomme Melon, _Ibid._ Belle Josephine, _Lelieur_. Belle Dubois, _acc. Dubrieul_. Paternoster, _Ibid._ Rhode Island, _Ibid._ Hausmütterchen, _Teutsche G. Mag._ ii. 453, t. 29. Menagère, _Ibid._

FIGURES.--Hort. Trans. vol. iii. t. 4. Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xxiv. f. 2. Poit. et Turp. tab. 423.

Fruit, immensely large, sometimes measuring four inches and a half in diameter; of a roundish shape, angular on the sides, and flattened both at the base and the apex. Skin, smooth, pale yellowish-green, interspersed with white dots and patches of thin delicate russet, and tinged with a faint blush of red next the sun. Eye, large, open, and deeply set in a wide and slightly furrowed basin. Stalk, short and stout, inserted in a deep and open cavity, which is lined with rough russet. Flesh, white, tender, juicy, and though not highly flavored, is an excellent culinary apple.

It is in use from October to Christmas.