part I

consent to it. _Comme —_; as if, as much as (to). _— ce qui est de_; as regards, as for.

=pour=, _n.m._, for, pro. _Les — et les contre_; the pros and cons.

=pourboire=, _n.m._, drink-money; tip. _Demander un —_; to ask for something (over and above the legal fare).

=pourceau=, _n.m._, hog, pig, swine. _Etable à —x_; hog-sty. _— de mer_; sea-hog, porpoise. _C’est un vrai —_; he is a perfect beast.

=pour-cent=, _n.m._, percentage.

=pourchasser=, _v.a._, to pursue, to seek eagerly; to chase; to dun, to badger.

=pourfendeur=, _n.m._, (l.u.) killer; swaggerer, bully. _— de géants_; giant-killer, braggadocio.

=pourfendre=, _v.a._, (fam.) to cleave asunder, to cleave; to kill outright.

=pourir=, _v.n._ _V._ =pourrir=.

=pourissage= _or_ =pourrissage=, _n.m._, (tech.) retting.

=pourissoir= _or_ =pourrissoir=, _n.m._, (tech.) retting vat.

=pouriture=, _n.f._ _V._ =pourriture=.

=pourlécher=, _v.a._, (l.u.) to lick all over; (fig.) to polish, to labor.

_se_ =pourlécher=, _v.r._, (fam.) to lick one’s chops; (fig.) to gloat over (in anticipation).

=pour lors=, _adv._, then, after that; at that time; henceforward.

=pourparler=, _n.m._, parley, conference. _Entrer en —s_; to enter into negotiations; to discuss.

=pour peu que=, _conj._, ever so little, however little; if only.

=pourpier=, _n.m._, (bot.) purslain.

=pourpoint=, _n.m._, doublet. _À brûle-—_; quite close; point-blank. _Mettre quelqu’un en —_; to ruin any one. _Se mettre en —_; to be ready to fight. _Un argument à brûle —_; a convincing, irresistible argument. _Donner à quelqu’un un — de pierre_; to clap any one into prison.

=pourpre=, _n.m._, purple; (med.) purples; (her.) purpure.

=pourpre=, _adj._, purple.

=pourpre=, _n.f._, purple (stuff); purple-dye; purple-fish; (fig.) sovereign dignity; cardinalate. _Porter la —_; to wear the purple. _Être né dans la —_; to be born in a palace, in the purple.

=pourpré=, =-e=, _adj._, purpled, purple. _Fièvre —e_; purpura, petechial fever.

=pourprier=, _n.m._, (mol.) purpura.

☉=pourpris=, _n.m._, inclosure; abode, home.

=pour que=, _conj._, in order that, so that, to.

=pourquoi=, _adv._, why, wherefore. _— cela?_ why so? _— pas?_ why not?

=pourquoi=, _conj._, why, for what, upon what account; for what reason. _Demandez-moi —_; I don’t know why (_i.e._ I should like to know why). _C’est —_; therefore.

=pourquoi=, _n.m._, the reason why; the why and the wherefore. _Je voudrais bien savoir le —_; I would fain know the why and the wherefore.

=pourri=, _n.m._, rottenness, rotten part.

=pourri=, =-e=, _part._, rotten. _— de cuisson_; done to rags. _Pomme —e_; rotten apple. _Pierre —e_; rotten stone.

=pourrir=, _v.n._, to rot, to grow rotten; to perish.

=pourrir=, _v.a._, to rot, to make rotten; to mature (of a cold), to ripen.

_se_ =pourrir=, _v.r._, to get rotten.

=pourrissage=, _n.m._ _V._ =pourissage=.

=pourrissant=, =-e=, _adj._, rotting.

=pourrissoir=, _n.m._ _V._ =pourissoir=.

=pourriture=, _n.f._, rot, rottenness, putrefaction, decay; (agri.) brown rust; (vet.) rot.

=poursuite=, _n.f._, pursuit, chase; prosecution; persecution; (jur.) suit, action, proceedings. _Intenter des —s_; (jur.) to institute proceedings, to take proceedings.

=poursuivable=, _adj._, actionable.

=poursuivant=, _n.m._, candidate; suitor, wooer; (jur.) prosecutor, plaintiff. _— d’armes_; pursuivant at arms.

=poursuivant=, _adj._, pursuing; (jur.) suing, prosecuting.

=poursuivre=, _v.a._, to pursue, to hunt, to chase; to endeavor to obtain, to seek for; to go on (with), to proceed (with), to follow up; to persecute, to annoy, to beset; to haunt; (jur.) to sue; (jur.) to prosecute, to action. _— quelqu’un en justice_; to prosecute any one at law. _— l’ennemi_; to pursue the enemy. _— un procès_; to carry on a lawsuit. _— une charge_; to endeavor to obtain a post. _— une pension_; to solicit a pension. _— son discours_; to proceed with one’s speech. _— son chemin_; to proceed on one’s way, to pursue one’s road, to go on one’s way.

_se_ =poursuivre=, _v.r._, to pursue one another, to be pursued, to be continued; (jur.) to be sued; to be prosecuted.

=poursuivre=, _v.n._, to pursue, to continue. _Poursuivez!_ go on!

=pourtant=, _adv._, however, howsoever, yet, still, for all that, notwithstanding, though, nevertheless.

=pourtour=, _n.m._, periphery, circumference, circuit; pit-tier (in a theatre).

=pourvoi=, _n.m._, (jur.) appeal (for reversal of judgment), application. _— en grâce_; petition for mercy.

=pourvoir=, _v.n._, to see to, to look to; to attend to; to provide (for), to supply, to make provision for; to nominate, to appoint. _Pourvoyez à cette affaire_; see to that business. _— à sa subsistance_; to provide for one’s living. _— à un bénéfice_; to prefer to a living, to appoint, to nominate to a living.

=pourvoir=, _v.a._, to invest with, to put in possession of; to provide, to supply, to furnish, to stock; to endow. _— une place de vivres_; to victual a garrison. _Ce père a bien pourvu tous ses enfants_; that father has made a handsome provision for all his children.

_se_ =pourvoir=, _v.r._, to provide one’s self; to apply, to sue, to make application for. _Se — en justice_; to sue at law. _Se — par appel_; to enter an appeal. _Se — en cassation_; to appeal for a reversal of judgment. _Se — en grâce_; to petition for mercy.

☉=pourvoirie=, _n.f._, provision-store.

=pourvoyant=, _adj._, providing, provident.

=pourvoyeur=, _n.m._, purveyor, provider, caterer; (fig.) go-between.

=pourvoyeuse=, _n.f._, procuress.

=pourvu que=, _conj._, provided that; provided; it is to be hoped that, let us hope that. _— — vous le fassiez_; provided you do it.

=pousse=, _n.f._, shoot, sprout; (vet.) heaves, shortness of breath, broken wind (in horses); asthma; ☉bum-bailiffs (sheriff’s officers); bitterness (a disease in wines); choke-damp (in mines).

=poussé=, =-e=, _part._, pushed. _Ce cheval est — de nourriture_; this horse has been fed too much. _Du vin —_; turbid, diseased wine.

=pousse-café=, _n.m._, liqueur (after coffee).

☉=pousse-cul=, _n.m._, (_—_, _or_ _—-—s_) bum-bailiff.

=poussée=, _n.f._, pushing, thrusting; push, thrust (of arches); press (of business). _Donner la — à quelqu’un_; to follow up any one closely. _Faire une belle —_; (fam., iron.) to do a mighty fine thing. _Donner une — à_; to give a push to.

=pousse-pieds=, _n.m._ (_—_). _V._ =anatife=.

=pousser=, _v.a._, to push, to give a push to, to thrust, to give a thrust to, to shove, to shove on, to drive, to drive on, to impel; to strike, to throw, to hit; to carry on, to extend, to forward; to send forth, to shoot forth, to put out, to put forth (of plants); to urge, to stir up, to provoke, to impel, to incite, to instigate; to bring forward, to assist forward, to help on; to utter (a groan); to heave, to fetch (a sigh). _— en avant_; to push on. _— dehors_; to thrust out. _— un cheval_; to urge on a horse. _— le temps avec l’épaule_; (prov.) to endeavor to gain time. _— la porte au nez de quelqu’un_; to slam the door in any one’s face. _— le dé_; to throw the dice. _— une botte_; (fenc.) to make a thrust. _— un mur plus loin_; to carry a wall further on. _— un raisonnement trop loin_; to carry an argument too far. _— à bout_; to provoke beyond endurance. _— une affaire à bout_; to carry a thing to a successful issue or to go through with anything. _— une tranchée_; to carry forward a trench. _— des cris_; to utter cries. _— des soupirs_; to heave sighs. _Vous me poussez trop_; you urge me too far. _C’est un tel qui l’a poussé_; it was so and so who egged him on. _— sa pointe_; to pursue one’s point. _On l’a poussé à se battre_; they set him on to fight. _— quelqu’un de questions_; to badger, to ply any one with questions. _Les arbres commencent à — des boutons_; the trees are beginning to put forth buds.

_se_ =pousser=, _v.r._, to push forward, to push one’s self forward, to be pushed forward, to be pushed, to be carried; to push forward one another. _Se — de nourriture_; to eat too much.

=pousser=, _v.n._, to sprout, to sprout forth, to shoot, to shoot forth (of plants); to be broken-winded (of horses); to grow (of the hair, nails); to push forward, to push on, to go on; to bulge, to jut out. _Les blés poussent déjà_; the corn is already coming up. _Ce mur pousse en dehors_; this wall bulges outwards. _Poussons jusqu’à la forêt_; let us push forward, or on, as far as the forest.

=poussette=, _n.f._, pushpin (game).

=pousseu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, pusher, shover; utterer (of sighs).

=poussier=, _n.m._, coal-dust; gunpowder-dust; turf-dust.

=poussière=, _n.f._, dust, powder; (bot.) pollen, male-seed; (of water) spray. _Nuage de —_; cloud of dust. _— de la mer_; spray. _Réduire en —_; to reduce to dust. _Jeter de la — aux yeux de quelqu’un_; to throw dust into any one’s eyes. _Tirer quelqu’un de la —_; to raise any one from the depths of poverty. _Il fait de la —_; it is dusty, the roads are dusty.

=poussiéreu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, dusty.

=poussif=, _n.m._, (pop.) pursy fellow _or_ creature.

=poussi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, (pop.) pursy; (vet.) short-winded, broken-winded.

=poussin=, _n.m._, chick, young chicken. _— qui ne fait que d’éclore_; chick just out of its shell.

=poussinière=, _n.f._, chick-room, chicken-coop; (pop.) (astron.) Pleiades.

=poussoir=, _n.m._, (horl.) pusher; driver (dentistry).

=poussolane=. _V._ =pouzzolane=.

=poutre=, _n.f._, beam; girder; mote (in the eye).

=poutrelle=, _n.f._, small beam; (carp.) stop-plank.

=pouvoir= (pouvant, pu), _v.n._, to be able, can, may, to have power, to be allowed, to be possible. _— marcher_; to be able to walk. _Je ne puis vous répondre_; I cannot answer you. _N’en — plus_; to be worn out, to be completely exhausted, to be tired out, to be done up. _N’en — mais_, _ne — mais d’une chose_; (fam.) to have had no share (in), nothing to do (with) anything. _Pouvait-il mais de cela?_ could he possibly help that? _Puisse-t-il réussir_; may he succeed. _Il peut arriver que_; it may happen that. _Il pourrait survenir une circonstance qui changeât la face des choses_; some circumstance might arise which would change the whole face of matters. _Je n’y puis rien_; I cannot help it. _Je puis ne pas le faire_; I may not do it. _Je ne puis pas le faire_; I cannot do it. _Il peut se faire_ or _il se peut faire que_; it may happen that; it may be possible for me to. _Vous avez pu voir_; you may have seen. _Vous n’avez pas pu voir_; you cannot have seen. _Vous avez pu ne pas voir_; you may not have seen. _Il peut_, or _pourrait_, _avoir vingt ans_; he may, _or_ might, be twenty. _Cela se pourrait bien_; it might be so; it is not at all unlikely. _Cela pourrait bien être_; it might be so. _Il se pourrait bien que_; it might be, it might happen that. _Il pourrait se faire que_; it is not at all unlikely that. _Pouvez-vous bien!_ how can you! _Autant que faire se peut_; as far as it is possible, On ne peut plus; exceedingly, extremely, etc.

=pouvoir=, _v.a._, can do, to be able to do; to have power. _Je ne puis rien à cela_; I can do nothing in that business. _Vous pouvez tout sur lui_; you have great power over him. _Je ne crois pas le —_; I do not think I can do it.

_se_ =pouvoir=, _v.r.imp._, to be possible, may be, can be. _Cela se peut_; that may be, that is possible. _Il se pourrait que_; it might happen that. _Cela ne se peut pas_; that is impossible.

=pouvoir=, _n.m._, power; sway, authority, might, force, command, government; executive power. _Il est en son — de_; he has it in his power to. _Avoir une chose en son —_; to have a thing in one’s possession. _Être fondé de —s_; to have a power of attorney. _Il a plein — de_; he has full powers to. _Abuser de son —_; to abuse one’s power. _Avoir un —_; (jur.) to have a power of attorney, a letter of attorney.

=pouzzolane= _or_ =pozzolane=, _n.f._, (_—s_) pozzalana, puzzolana, pozzuolana.

=pp.=, ab. of the word _Pères_, fathers (of the church).

=pragmatique=, _n.f._ and _adj._, pragmatic sanction; pragmatic.

=prairial=, _n.m._, Prairial, ninth month of the calendar of the first French republic, from May 20th to June 18th.

=prairie=, _n.f._, meadow, grass-land, grass-field, prairie, savannah. _—s artificielles_; grounds sown with grass, clover.

=praline=, _n.f._, burnt almond.

=praliner=, _v.a._, to burn with sugar (like burnt almonds); to crystallize.

=prame=, _n.f._, (nav.) pram, dingy (Norwegian boat).

=praticabilité=, _n.f._, practicability.

=praticable=, _adj._, practicable, feasible, possible; passable (of roads); accessible, real. _Si la chose est —_; if the thing be practicable. _Les chemins ne sont pas —s_; the roads are not passable. _Porte —_, _fenêtre —_; (thea.) real door, real window.

=praticables=, _n.m.pl._, (thea.) real (not painted) objects.

=praticien= (-si-in), _n.m._ and _adj._, practitioner; (sculpt.) figure-carver; practicing. _Médecin —_; practicing physician.

=pratiquant=, =-e=, _adj._ and _n._, church-goer, communicant.

=pratique=, _n.f._, practice, practical part, observance, usage, habit; dealing, doing, customer, custom; practice (of attorneys, notaries, physicians); Punch’s whistle, squeaker; underhand dealing, secret practice; (nav.) pratique. _Mettre en —_; to put into practice, to practice. _Faire de sourdes —s_; to carry on clandestine, underhand dealings. _C’est une bonne —_; he is a good customer. _Donner — à un vaisseau_; (nav.) to admit a vessel to pratique. _Cet avoué entend bien la —_; that attorney is well versed in the practice of the law. _Terme de —_; law-term. _Obtenir_, or _recevoir_, _—_; (nav.) to take pratique.

=pratique=, _adj._, pertaining to practice, practical, experienced. _Être — d’un lieu_; (nav.) to be a good pilot for a place.

=pratiquement= (-tik-mān), _adv._, practically.

=pratiquer=, _v.a._, to practice, to exercise; to frequent, to converse with, to keep company with; to tamper with, to suborn, to bribe, to obtain, to procure; (arch.) to contrive, to let in. _— la médecine_; to practice as a doctor. _Se garder de — les méchants_; to avoid associating with the wicked. _— un chemin_; to open a road. _— un trou_; to make, to contrive, to let in, a hole. _— des intelligences_; to get intelligence. _— des témoins_; to suborn witnesses.

_se_ =pratiquer=, _v.r._, to be in use, to be practiced, to be customary, to open _or_ make for one’s self (a way). _Cela ne se pratique point_; that is not usual; such things are not done.

=pratiquer=, _v.n._, to practice, to exercise, to frequent, to associate with; to obtain, to open; to build, to contrive; to arrange; (nav.) to have free intercourse.

=pré=, _n.m._, meadow, small mead; paddock; ground (to fight a duel). _Se trouver sur le —_; to be upon the ground.

=préadamites=, _n.m.pl._, preadamites.

=préalable=, _adj._, preliminary; previous.

=préalable=, _n.m._, necessary preliminary; preliminary. _Au —_; previously, first of all.

=préalablement=, _adv._, previously, first.

=préambule=, _n.m._, preamble, preface. _Point de —_; no preface, please! go straight to the point.

=préau=, _n.m._, yard, paddock, green; close (of a cathedral); courtyard (of a convent _or_ prison).

=prébende=, _n.f._, prebend, prebendaryship.

=prébendé=, =-e=, _adj._, in possession of a prebend; prebendal.

=prébendier=, _n.m._, prebendary.

=précaire=, _adj._, _n.m._, precarious; uncertain; precarious tenure.

=précairement= (-kèr-mān), _adv._, precariously.

=précaution=, _n.f._, precaution; caution, care. _Prendre des —s auprès de quelqu’un_; to proceed warily with any one. _User de —_; to use caution.

=précautionner=, _v.a._, to warn, to caution.

_se_ =précautionner=, _v.r._, to be cautious, to guard against, to take precautions. _Se — contre la chaleur_; to guard against the heat.

=précédemment= (-da-mān), _adv._, before, previously.

=précédent=, =-e=, _adj._, precedent, former, preceding, previous.

=précédent=, _n.m._, something done _or_ said previously; precedent.

=précéder=, _v.a._, to precede, to go before, to go first; to have or take precedence (of). _Il était précédé par_, _il était précédé de_; he was preceded by.

=préceinte=, _n.f._, (nav.) wale, bend, rib-band. _— basse_, _première —_, _seconde —_; main wale. _Troisième et quatrième —_; channel-wale.

=précepte=, _n.m._, precept, rule.

=précepteur=, _n.m._, tutor, private tutor, preceptor, teacher, master.

=préceptoral=, =-e=, _adj._, preceptorial.

=préceptorat=, _n.m._, preceptorship, tutorship.

=précession=, _n.f._, (astron.) precession.

=prêche=, _n.m._, sermon (Protestant); Protestant church, meeting-house. _Quitter le —_; to cease to be a Protestant; to turn Catholic.

=prêcher=, _v.a._, to preach, to hold forth, to preach up, to extol, to praise, to keep telling, to repeat. _— la parole de Dieu_; to preach the word of God. _Ne — que malheur et misère_; to be always complaining of the hardness of the times. _— les fidèles_; to exhort the faithful. _— toujours la même chose_; to be always repeating the same thing. _— dans le désert_; to preach to empty benches; (fig.) to convince no one. _Chacun prêche pour son saint_; every one has an eye to his own interest, or looks after number one. _— ses exploits_; to extol, to boast, of one’s exploits.

=prêcher=, _v.n._, to preach. _— d’exemple_; to set the example, to practice what one preaches. _— sur la vendange_; to preach over one’s cups. _On a beau — à qui n’a cœur de bien faire_; to reprove a fool is but labor lost.

=prêcheu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, (fam.) preacher, sermonizer. _Frère —_; Dominican friar.

=précieuse=, _n.f._, conceited woman; prude; euphuist.

=précieusement= (-eûz-mān), _adv._, preciously, carefully; (paint.) very elaborately.

=précieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, precious, costly, valuable; affected, finical, precise, over-nice. _C’est un document des plus —_; it is a most valuable document. _Tableau d’un fini —_; picture of exquisite, or elaborate, finish.

=précieux=, _n.m._, affectation, affectedness; affected man.

=préciosité=, _n.f._, (l.u.) affectation, affectedness; euphuism.

=précipice=, _n.m._, precipice. _On l’a tiré du —_; he has been rescued from destruction.

☉=précipitable=, _adj._, (chem.) precipitable.

=précipitamment= (-ta-mān), _adv._, precipitately, hurriedly, rashly, precipitously, headlong.

=précipitant=, _n.m._, (chem.) precipitant.

=précipitation=, _n.f._, precipitation, haste, hurry; (chem.) precipitation.

=précipité=, =-e=, _part._, precipitated, hurled; precipitate; rash, hasty, sudden. _— de haut en bas_; hurled headlong from top to bottom. _Course —e_; hasty flight. _Marcher à pas —s_; to walk with hurried steps. _Départ —_; sudden departure.

=précipité=, _n.m._, (chem.) precipitate.

=précipiter=, _v.a._, to precipitate, to throw, to hurl, to dash down; to hurry on, to hasten; to plunge; (chem.) to precipitate. _— sa retraite_; to hasten one’s retreat. _— ses pas_; to quicken one’s steps.

_se_ =précipiter=, _v.r._, to precipitate one’s self; to rush forward, to dash forth; to spring forth, to dart, to hurl one’s self (down), to run. _Se — sur quelqu’un_; to rush upon any one.

=préciput=, _n.m._, preference legacy; jointure.

=précis=, _n.m._, summary, abstract, compendium, epitome.

=précis=, =-e=, _adj._, precise, distinct, exact, strict, formal, terse, concise, fixed, just. _Venir à l’heure —e_; to come exactly at the appointed time. _Prendre des mesures —es_; to take just _or_ strict measures.

=précisément=, _adv._, precisely, exactly, quite, just; just so.

=préciser=, _v.a._, to state precisely, to specify, to fix, to determine.

=précision=, _n.f._, precision, preciseness.

=précité=, _adj._, (jur.) above-mentioned, aforesaid.

=précoce=, _adj._, precocious, early, forward; premature. _Fruit —_; early fruit. _Un esprit —_; a precocious mind.

=précocité=, _n.f._, precociousness, precocity.

=précompte=, _n.m._, previous deduction.

=précompter= (-kon-té), _v.a._, to deduct beforehand _or_ previously.

=préconçu=, =-e=, _adj._, preconceived.

=préconisation=, _n.f._, preconization, commendation; praise.

=préconiser=, _v.a._, to extol, to cry up, to praise, to recommend; to preconize, to sanction the appointment of.

=préconnaissance=, _n.f._, foreknowledge.

=préconnaître=, _v.a._, to foreknow.

=précordial=, =-e=, _adj._, (anat.) præcordial.

=précurseur=, _n.m._, forerunner, precursor, harbinger, herald. _adj._, premonitory.

=prédécéder=, _v.n._, to die first, to predecease.

=prédécès=, _n.m._, predecease.

=prédécesseur=, _n.m._, predecessor.

=prédestinateur=, _n.m._, predestinator.

=prédestinatien= (-sî-in), _n.m._ and _adj._, predestinarian.

=prédestination=, _n.f._, predestination. _— à la grâce_; predestination to be saved.

=prédestiné=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, one of the elect; elect, predestinated. _Avoir un visage de —_; to have a happy-looking face.

=prédestiner=, _v.a._, to predestinate, to foredoom.

=prédéterminant=, _adj._, (theol.) predetermining.

=prédétermination=, _n.f._, predetermination.

=prédéterminer=, _v.a._, to predetermine.

=prédial=, =-e=, _adj._, predial. _Des rentes —es_; ground-rents.

=prédicable=, _adj._, (log.) predicable.

=prédicament=, _n.m._, (log.) predicament.

=prédicant=, _n.m._, (b.s.) Protestant preacher.

=prédicat=, _n.m._, (log., gram.) predicate.

=prédicateur=, _n.m._, preacher, divine, teacher.

=prédication=, _n.f._, preaching.

=prédiction=, _n.f._, prediction, forecast.

=prédilection=, _n.f._, predilection, partiality, preference. _De —_; favorite.

=prédire=, _v.a._, to predict, to foretell, to forebode; to presage, to forecast.

=prédisposant=, =-e=, _adj._, (med.) predisposing.

=prédisposer=, _v.a._, (med.) to predispose.

=prédisposition=, _n.f._, (med.) predisposition, tendency.

=prédominance=, _n.f._, predominance, prevalence.

=prédominant=, _-e_, _adj._, predominant, prevalent, prevailing.

=prédominer=, _v.n._, to predominate, to prevail.

=prééminence=, _n.f._, pre-eminence.

=prééminent=, =-e=, _adj._, pre-eminent.

=préempter=, _v.a._, to preempt, to buy beforehand.

=préemption=, _n.f._, preemption.

=préétablir=, _v.a._, to preestablish.

=préexistant=, =-e=, _adj._, pre-existent, pre-existing.

=préexistence=, _n.f._, pre-existence.

=préexister=, _v.n._, to pre-exist.

=préface=, _n.f._, preface, preamble, exordium, introduction.

=préfectoral=, _adj._, pertaining, relating to a French prefect; prefectorial.

=préfecture=, _n.f._, prefectship, prefecture; prefect’s house, prefect’s offices. _— de police_; headquarters (of the police); Scotland yard.

=préférable=, _adj._, preferable.

=préférablement=, _adv._, preferably.

=préférence=, _n.f._, preference. _De —_; in preference.

=préférer=, _v.a._, to prefer, to choose.

=préfet=, _n.m._, (Rom. antiq.) prefect; chief administrator of each department in France. _— des études_; vice-principal (of schools). _— de police_; chief commissioner of police. _— maritime_; naval commander-in-chief (of a district).

=préfète=, _n.f._, “préfet’s” wife.

=préfinir=, _v.a._, (jur.) to fix a term, _or_ a delay, to limit, to prearrange, to appoint.

=préfix= (-fiks), =-e=, _adj._, (jur.) prefixed, appointed.

=préfixe=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (gram.) prefix; prefixed.

=préfixion=, _n.f._, (jur.) settled time, prefixion.

=préfloraison=, _n.f._, (bot.) prefloration.

=préfoliation=, _n.f._, (bot.) foliation, vernation.

☉=prégnation=, _n.f._, gestation (of animals).

=préhensible=, _adv._, prehensible.

=préhensile=, _adj._, prehensile.

=préhension=, _n.f._, prehension.

=préhistorique=, _adj._, pre-historic, pre-historical.

=préjudice=, _n.m._, prejudice, hurt, wrong, detriment, injury, loss, damage. _Il a obtenu cela à mon —_; he obtained that to my prejudice, _or_ to my detriment. _Cela vous portera —_; that will be detrimental to you. _Au — de_; to the detriment of. _Sans — de mes droits_; without prejudice to my claims.

=préjudiciable=, _adj._, prejudicial, detrimental, injurious, hurtful.

=préjudiciaux=, _adj.m.pl._ _Frais —_; (jur.) previous costs.

=préjudiciel=, =-le=, _adj._, (jur.) interlocutory. _Question —le_; interlocutory question (to be decided previous to the principal action).

=préjudicier=, _v.n._, to prejudice, to do prejudice (to), to be prejudicial, to be detrimental (to), to hurt, to injure.

=préjugé=, _n.m._, presumption, appearance, prejudice; (jur.) precedent. _Exempt de —s_; free from prejudices. _Homme sans —_; unprejudiced man. _Se défaire de ses —s d’enfance_; to rid one’s self of one’s early prejudices. _Dissiper les —s_; to remove prejudices.

=préjuger=, _v.a._, to prejudge; to conjecture; to foresee, to guess (at); (jur.) to give an interlocutory judgment.

=prélart= _or_ =prélat=, _n.m._, (nav.) tarpaulin.

_se_ =prélasser=, _v.r._, to strut, to stalk (past), to parade, to make a great show; to loll, to lounge; to take one’s ease.

=prélat=, _n.m._, prelate; (nav.) _V._ =prélart=.

☉=prélation=, _n.f._, preference, prelation.

=prélature=, _n.f._, prelacy, episcopacy.

=prèle= _or_ =presle=, _n.f._, (bot.) horsetail, shave-grass.

=prélegs= (-lè), _n.m._, preference, legacy.

=préléguer= (-ghé), _v.a._, to give as a preference-legacy.

=prèler=, _v.a._, to rub with horsetail.

=prélèvement= (-lèv-mān), _n.m._, previous deduction, levying.

=prélever= (prél-vé), _v.a._, to deduct, to take off first, to levy. _Se —_; to be deducted previously, to be levied.

=préliminaire=, _n.m._ and _adj._, preliminary.

=préliminairement=, _adv._, preliminarily.

=prélire=, _v.a._, (print.) to read a first time.

=prélude=, _n.m._, prelude.

=préluder=, _v.n._, to prelude, to flourish, to play a prelude. _— à une chose par une autre_; to make one thing a prelude to another.

=prématuré=, =-e=, _adj._, premature, untimely.

=prématurément=, _adv._, prematurely.

=prématurité=, _n.f._, prematureness, prematurity.

=préméditation=, _n.f._, premeditation, malice aforethought; (jur.) malice prepense. _Avec —_; designedly, willfully; with malice aforethought.

=prémédité=, =-e=, _part._, premeditated.

=préméditer=, _v.a._, to premeditate. _Se —_; to be premeditated.

=prémices=, _n.f.pl._, first-fruits; (fig) beginning.

=premi-er=, =-ère=, _adj._, first; foremost; opening; premier; chief, principal; former, ancient, old, primitive, primeval; early prime; (of materials) raw. _Nos —s parents_; our first parents. _Les —s temps du monde_; the early ages of the world. _Au — abord_; at first view, _or_ sight. _— en date_; senior. _En — lieu_; in the first place. ☉_—-pris_; wretched-looking man. _Il a l’air d’un —-pris_; he looks wretched. _— venu_; first comer; no matter who. _—-né_ (_—s-—s_) first-born. _En —e_; in a first-class carriage. _Les —es_; first tier boxes _or_ dress-circle; first-class cabin _or_ saloon cabin. _Matière —e_; raw material. _Les —s vont devant_; first come, first served.

=premier=, _n.m._, former; first; first floor; chief, head, leader. _Jeune —_, _m._, _jeune —ère_, _f._, _V._ =jeune=. _Il demeure au —_; he lives on the first floor.

=premièrement= (-mièr-mān), _adv._, first, firstly, in the first place.

=prémisses=, _n.f.pl._, (log.) premises.

=prémonitoire=, _adj._, (med.) premonitory.

=prémontrés=, _n.m.pl._, Premonstrants, a regular order of canons of Prémontré in Picardy (France).

=prémotion=, _n.f._, (theol.) premotion.

=prémunir=, _v.a._, to forewarn, to caution, to provide; to fortify, _or_ secure, beforehand.

_se_ =prémunir=, _v.r._, to provide, to be provided; to strengthen, to fortify one’s self (against). _Se — contre le froid_; to fortify one’s self against the cold.

=prenable=, _adj._, to be taken, pregnable; seizable; expugnable; corruptible.

=prenant=, =-e=, _adj._, receiving (of a person); having to receive money; prehensile. _Queue —e_; prehensile tail. _Partie —e_; payee.

=prendre= (prenant, pris), _v.a._, to take; to take up; to lay hold of; to seize; to accept; to apprehend; to fetch; to assume; to contract; to pick out; to snatch; to catch (a cold); to take root; to freeze (of rivers, etc.); to turn, to curdle (of milk); to ignite, to begin to burn; to act, to succeed; to imbibe; to call for (any one); to attack (of diseases); to collect (votes); to contract (diseases, engagements); to help one’s self to. _— garde_; to take heed. _— parti pour quelqu’un_; to take any one’s part, to side with any one. _— feu_; to take _or_ catch fire. _— son parti_; to make up one’s mind. _— les armes_; to take up arms. _— une ville d’assaut_; to take a town by storm. _— médecine_; to take physic. _— du tabac_; to take snuff. _— congé de quelqu’un_; to take leave of any one. _— la rue à droite_; to take the street on the right. _— le plus court_; to go the shortest way. _— les devants_; to go on before. _— bien son temps_; to hit the time well, to choose the right moment. _— naissance_; to take its rise (of things). _— fait et cause pour quelqu’un_; to take any one’s part, to undertake any one’s defense, to side with any one. _— quelqu’un sur le fait_; to catch any one in the act. _— exemple sur quelqu’un_; to model one’s self on any one. _— avis de quelqu’un_; to take any one’s advice. _— les avis_; to collect the votes. _— intérêt_, _— part à_; to take part in, to be a party to, to be concerned in, to be a partaker of, to be interested in. _— l’air_; to take an airing. _— bien le sens d’un auteur_; to catch an author’s meaning. _Vous prenez mal mes paroles_; you misconstrue my words. _— une chose en bonne part_; to take a thing well, in good part. _— les choses de travers_; to take things amiss, the wrong way. _— bien_, or _mal_, _une affaire_; to go the right, _or_ the wrong, way to work in anything. _— sur son sommeil_; to encroach upon one’s sleep. _— les choses comme elles viennent_; to take things as they come. _— l’occasion aux cheveux_; to take time by the forelock. _— pour dit_; to take for granted. _À tout —_; upon the whole, in the main. _— le chemin de l’hôpital_; to be on the high road to ruin. _Ne savoir pas — quelqu’un_; not to know how to deal with any one. _Il en a pris sa bonne part_; he has had his fair share of it. _Il m’a pris en amitié_; he has taken a liking to me. _Je vous y prends_; now I have caught you (at it). _Ça ne prend pas_; (fam.) that’s no go; it doesn’t catch on. _Si la curiosité me prend d’y aller_; if curiosity prompts, _or_ impels, me to go there. _L’envie lui prit d’y aller_; he took a sudden fancy to go (there). _Il prend beaucoup sur lui_; he assumes much, he takes much upon himself. _Cela prend forme_; that is beginning to take shape. _Je sors d’en —_; (fam.) I’d rather be excused; I have just had one (_i.e._, a drink), _or_ just bought some (of things). _Qu’est-ce qui vous prend?_ what’s up now? _C’est autant de pris sur l’ennemi_; it is so much snatched from the fire. _Ce qui est bon à — est bon à rendre_; what is worth taking is worth keeping. _Bien lui en prit_; it was lucky for him he did. _— terre_; (nav.) to land. _— le vent_; (nav.) to sail near the wind. _— le large_; (nav.) to stand out to sea, to cross the bar.

_se_ =prendre=, _v.r._, to be taken, to be caught; to catch, to cling; to freeze, to congeal (of liquids); to begin; to go to work. _Le sirop se prendra bientôt_; the syrup will soon coagulate, _or_ set. _Se — à pleurer_; to begin to cry. _Se bien — à une chose_; to go the right way to work. _De la manière dont il s’y prend_; by the way he goes to work. _Se — d’amitié pour quelqu’un_; to take a liking to any one. _Se — de paroles avec quelqu’un_; to have high words with any one. _S’en — à_; to blame, to lay the blame on. _S’en — à quelqu’un_; to lay the blame at any one’s door. _Se — de vin_; to get tipsy. _Prenez-vous en à vous-même_; you have only yourself to thank for it.

=prendre=, _v.n._, to take, to turn; to take root; to congeal, to freeze; to succeed; to burn up, to begin to burn; to curdle (of milk). _Il lui en prendra mal_; it will be the worse for him. _Il lui prit une fièvre_; he was attacked by fever. _La Seine a pris cet hiver là_; the Seine was frozen over that winter.

=prendre=, _n.m._, act of taking. _Au fait et au —_; at the scratch, when it comes to the scratch.

=preneu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, taker; lessee; (of animals) catcher; (com.) purchaser, buyer.

=preneur=, _adj.m._, catching, capturing; (nav.) that takes a prize.

=prénom= (-non), _n.m._, Christian name; prenomen.

=prénommé=, =-e=, _adj.part._, above-named, aforesaid.

=prénommer=, _v.a._, to prenominate, to forename.

=prénotion=, _n.f._, prenotion, surmise, conjecture.

=préoccupation=, _n.f._, preoccupation, prepossession of the mind; thought; anxiety; prejudice.

=préoccupé=, =-e=, _part._, preoccupied, absorbed; prejudiced, biased; thoughtful, anxious.

=préoccuper=, _v.a._, to engross, to engage, to preoccupy the mind, to prepossess, to prejudice, to bias; to absorb, to trouble.

=préopinant=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, previous speaker; last speaker.

=préopiner=, _v.n._, to vote before another, to express one’s opinion first.

=préordination=, _n.f._, preordination.

=préordonner=, _v.a._, to preordain, to predetermine.

=préparant=, _adj._, (anat.) spermatic. _Vaisseaux —s_; spermatic duct.

=préparateur=, _n.m._, preparer, dresser; assistant; private tutor, crammer.

=préparatif=, _n.m._, preparation. _—s de guerre_, _de voyage_; war preparations, preparations for a journey.

=préparation=, _n.f._, preparation. _— chimique_; chemical preparation. _Sans —_; extempore.

=préparatoire=, _n.m._ and _adj._, preparative, preliminary, preparatory.

=préparer=, _v.a._, to prepare, to dispose, to fit; to provide; to make ready; to dress; (agri.) to till; (fig.) to break (news) to. _— les voies à quelqu’un_; to pave the way for any one.

_se_ =préparer=, _v.r._, to prepare for one’s self, to prépare one’s self, to get ready. _Se — pour un voyage_; to get ready for a journey. _Se — au combat_; to prepare for battle. _Préparez-vous à le recevoir_; prepare to meet him. _Voilà un orage qui se prépare_; there is a storm brewing.

=prépondérance=, _n.f._, preponderance, sway.

=prépondérant=, =-e=, _adj._, preponderant, prevailing; convincing. _Voix —e_; casting-vote.

=préposé=, _n.m._, custom, _or_ excise, officer; overseer, superintendent.

=préposer=, _v.a._, to set (over), to charge (with), to intrust (to); to appoint, to commit; to put forward, to set up; to depute.

=prépositi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, (gram.) prepositive.

=préposition=, _n.f._, (gram.) preposition.

=prépuce=, _n.m._, prepuce, foreskin.

=prérogative=, _n.f._, prerogative, privilege; attribute.

=près=, _prep._, by, near, nigh, close to, hard by, nearly; almost, about; on the point; in comparison. _S’asseoir — de quelqu’un_; to sit by any one. _Il demeure ici —_; he lives close by. _De —_; close, near; closely, intimately. _Combattre de —_; to fight hand to hand. _Suivre de —_; to follow on the heels of. _À cela —_; save that, with that exception; nevertheless, for all that. _A beaucoup —_; by a great deal, nothing near. _Tout —_; very near. _À peu —_; pretty near, nearly so, thereabouts. _À peu de chose —_; within a trifle. _Au plus —_; to the nearest place; (nav.) close to the wind. _De — et de loin_; far and nigh.

=présage=, _n.m._, presage, omen, foreboding. _Un oiseau de sinistre —_; a bird of evil omen.

=présager=, _v.a._, to presage, to forebode, to portend, to conjecture.

_se_ =présager=, _v.r._, to be foreboded, to be presaged.

=pré-salé=, _n.m._,(_—s-—s_) salt-marsh-fed (mutton).

=presbyopie=, _n.f._, (opt.) presbyopy, presbyopia, far-sightedness, long sight.

=presbyte=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, presbyte; far-sighted person; presbyopic; long-sighted. _Vue —_; long sight.

=presbytéral=, =-e=, _adj._, priestly. _Maison —e_; parsonage, vicarage.

=presbytéranisme=, _n.m._ _V._ =presbytérianisme=.

=presbytère=, _n.m._, parsonage, parsonage-house, vicarage; ☉presbytery.

=presbytérianisme=, _n.m._, presbyterianism.

=presbytérien=, =-ne= (-ri-in, -ri-èn), _n._ and _adj._, presbyterian.

=presbytie= (-ci), _n.f._, (opt.) presbyopy, far- _or_ long-sightedness, presbyopia.

=prescience=, _n.f._, prescience, foreknowledge, foresight.

=prescriptible=, _adj._, prescriptible.

=prescription=, _n.f._, (jur.) limitation; prescription, precept. _Interruption de la —_; (jur.) bar to a limitation. _Etabli par —_; prescriptive. _Se perdre par —_; (jur.) to be lost by limitation. _—s médicales_; medical prescriptions.

=prescrire=, _v.a._, to prescribe, to direct, to order, to enjoin, to set; (jur.) to bar. _— des lois_; to prescribe laws. _— un régime_; to prescribe a diet.

_se_ =prescrire=, _v.r._, to prescribe to one’s self, to be prescribed; (jur.) to be lost by limitation.

=prescrire=, _v.n._, to bar by limitation.

=préséance= (pré-séans), _n.f._, precedence. _Avoir la — sur_; to take precedence of.

=présence=, _n.f._, presence, attendance, sight, view. _Faire acte de —_; to put in an appearance. _Mettre en —_; to bring face to face. _En — de_; in presence of, in view of. _En ma —_; before me. _Deux armées en —_; two armies facing each other. _— d’esprit_; presence of mind.

=présent=, _n.m._, present, present time; present, gift; (gram.) present, present tense. _Donner en —_; to give as a present. _Faire — de_; to make a present of. _Dès à —_; from this time. _À —_; at present. _Pour le —_; for the present, for the nonce. _Jusqu’à —_; till now.

=présent=, =-e=, _adj._, present! here! _Être —_; to be present, to stand by.

=présentable=, _adj._, presentable, fit to be seen.

=présentat-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, presenter (to benefices); introducer.

=présentation=, _n.f._, presentation, presentment, introduction. _À —_; (com.) on presentation, on demand. _En retard de —_; (com.) overdue.

=présente=, _n.f._, present letter. _pl._, (jur.) presents.

=présentement= (-zant-mān), _adv._, now, at present.

=présenter=, _v.a._, to present, to offer, to hold out, to show, to turn, to expose, to bring forward, to introduce. _— ses lettres de créance_; to present one’s credentials. _— les armes_; to present arms. _— une personne à une autre_; to introduce one person to another. _— à quelqu’un ses respects_; to pay one’s respects to any one.

_se_ =présenter=, _v.r._, to present one’s self, to appear, to come forward, to offer one’s self, to offer itself; to occur. _Il s’est présenté à moi_; he presented himself before me. _Cet homme se présente bien_; that man has a good address. _La chose se présente bien_; the thing looks well, _or_ promises well. _Il se présenta une difficulté_; a difficulty occurred, or arose.

=présenter=, _v.n._, (nav.) to stem. _— au vent_; to head to the wind.

=présenteur=, _n.m._, (l.u.) presenter.

=préservat-eur=, =-rice=, _adj._, preservative. _n.m._ and _f._, preserver.

=préservati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, preservative.

=préservatif=, _n.m._, preservative.

=préservation=, _n.f._, preservation.

=préserver=, _v.a._, to preserve, to defend, to keep. _Le ciel m’en préserve!_ heaven forbid!

_se_ =préserver=, _v.r._, to preserve one’s self, to guard against, to keep off. _Se — d’une maladie_; to stall off a disease.

=présidence=, _n.f._, presidency, chairmanship.

=président=, _n.m._, president, chairman; presiding judge; speaker (of the House of Commons). _— d’âge_; president by seniority.

=présidente=, _n.f._, lady president; president’s wife.

=présider=, _v.a._, to preside, to preside (over), to be president (of), to be chairman (of). _— une réunion_; to preside over a meeting.

=présider=, _v.n._, to preside, to be president _or_ chairman; to be in the chair; to direct. _— à une assemblée_; to preside over an assembly. _— à la direction d’un ouvrage_; to have the management of a work.

=présides=, _n.m.pl._, Spanish penal colonies.

=présompti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, presumptive, apparent, presumed (of heirs). _Héritier —_; heir-apparent.

=présomption=, _n.f._, presumption, presumptuousness, self-conceit.

=présomptueusement= (-eûz-mān), _adv._, presumptuously.

=présomptueu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, _n._, presumptuous, presuming, self-conceited. _Jeune —!_ presumptuous youth!

=presque=, _adv._, almost, nearly, all but. _Un ouvrage — achevé_; a work nearly finished. _Je ne l’ai — pas vu_; I scarcely saw him at all. _— jamais_; hardly ever. _— plus de_; scarcely any left. _— rien_; hardly anything.

=presqu’île=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) peninsula.

☉=presqu’ombre=, _n.f._ _V._ =pénombre=.

=pressage=, _n.m._, pressing.

=pressamment= (-sa-mān), _adv._, pressingly, earnestly, urgently.

=pressant=, =-e=, _adj._, pressing, urgent, earnest, importunate, vigorous; acute (of pain).

=presse=, _n.f._, press (newspapers, machine); printing-press, haste, hurry; pressure, crowd, throng; impress (forcing men into the service); press-gang; urgency; (bot.) a clingstone peach. _— à copier_; copying-machine. _— d’imprimerie_; printing-press. _— à satiner_; hot-press, cold-press. _Fendre la —_; to force one’s way through the crowd. _Cet ouvrage est sous —_; this work is in the press. _Mettre sous —_; to send to press, to go to press. _Il n’y a pas de —_; there’s no hurry. _Il n’y a pas —_; there’s no crowd.

=pressé=, =-e=, _adj._, in haste, in a hurry; urgent, immediate; eager, anxious, very busy; close, serried, thick; condensed, brief, concise. _Vous êtes bien —_; you are in a great hurry. _Cela n’est pas —_; there’s no hurry for that. _Je suis très —_; I am very busy.

=pressée=, _n.f._, pressful; pressing, pressure.

=pressement=, _n.m._, pressing, compression.

=pressément=, _adv._, (l.u.) hurriedly, hastily.

=pressentiment=, _n.m._, presentiment, misgiving, foreboding.

=pressentir=, _v.a._, to have a presentiment of; to foresee, to anticipate; to ascertain the intentions of; to sound. _— quelqu’un_; to sound any one. _Il faut le —_; we must sound him. _Se —_; to be foreseen.

=presse-papiers=, _n.m._, (_—_) paper-weight.

=presser=, _v.a._, to press, to squeeze, to clasp; to pull (trigger); to crowd, to throng; to hasten, to hurry; to urge, to be pressing with, to importune; to be hard upon; to exaggerate; to impress (sailors). _— une éponge_; to squeeze a sponge. _On pressa si fort les ennemis_; they pressed so hard upon the enemy. _— vivement un siège_; to carry on a siege vigorously. _— une entreprise_; to push an enterprise with vigor. _Il pressa son départ_; he hastened his departure. _— la détente_; to pull the trigger.

_se_ =presser=, _v.r._, to press, to press close, to squeeze; to crowd; to be in a hurry, to make haste, to hurry. _Se — de faire une chose_; to make haste to do a thing. _Pressons-nous_; let us make haste.

=presser=, _v.n._, to be urgent; to be acute (of pain). _Rien ne presse_, or _il n’y a rien qui presse_; there is no hurry.

=presseur=, _n.m._, presser.

=pressier=, _n.m._, (print.) pressman.

=pression=, _n.f._, pressure, pressing. _Machine à vapeur à haute —_, _à moyenne —_, _à basse —_; steam-engine of high pressure, of mean pressure, of low pressure.

=pressis=, _n.m._, (l.u.) gravy, juice.

=pressoir=, _n.m._, press; press-room; wine-press, cider-press; press-house.

=pressurage=, _n.m._, (of fruit) pressing.

=pressurer=, _v.a._, to press (grapes or apples); to squeeze; to grind down, to oppress. _— une orange_; to squeeze an orange. _— la bourse de quelqu’un_; to drain any one’s purse. _Il ne songe qu’à vous —_; his only thought is to drain you of money.

=pressureur=, _n.m._, presser (of fruit).

=prestance=, _n.f._, commanding appearance, bearing, carriage, deportment; good presence.

=prestant=, _n.m._, diapason (of an organ).

=prestation=, _n.f._, taking (of an oath); prestation (payment in kind).

=preste=, _adj._, agile, nimble, quick, smart, sharp. _C’est un homme — et habile_; he is a clever, smart fellow.

=preste=, _adv._, presto, quick, sharp.

=prestement=, _adv._, nimbly, quickly.

=prestesse=, _adv._, agility, quickness, nimbleness.

=prestidigitateur=, _n.m._, conjurer, juggler.

=prestidigitation=, _n.f._, jugglery, legerdemain.

=prestige=, _n.m._, enchantment, fascination; deception, illusion; magic spell; prestige.

=prestigieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, enchanting, bewitching, illusive.

=prestimonie=, _n.f._, (canon law) prestimony.

=presto=, _adv._, (mus.) presto.

=prestolet=, _n.m._, priestling.

=présumable=, _adj._, presumable, supposable.

=présumé=, _part._ _adj._, presumed, supposed, conjectured, reputed.

=présumer=, _v.a._, to presume, to conjecture, to suppose. _— trop de quelqu’un_; to presume too much upon any one. _— trop de soi_; to be too assuming. _Il est à —_; it is to be supposed.

=présupposer= (-su-pô-zé), _v.a._, to presuppose.

=présupposition=, _n.m._, presupposition.

=présure=, _n.f._, rennet (for curdling milk).

=prêt=, _n.m._, loan; (milit.) advance-pay.

=prêt=, =-e=, _adj._, ready, in readiness, prepared, willing. _Tenir —_; to keep ready. _Tenez-vous — à partir_; be ready to start.

=prêtable=, _adj._, lendable.

=pretantaine=, _n.f._ _Courir la —_; to gad about.

=prêté=, =-e=, _part._, lent.

=prêté=, _n.m._, (l.u.) thing lent. _C’est un — rendu_; it is but tit for tat.

=prétendant=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, claimant, candidate; suitor, wooer; pretender (to the throne).

=prétendre=, _v.a._, to claim, to lay claim to, to pretend to. _Que prétendent ces misérables?_ what do these wretches lay claim to, _or_ mean?

=prétendre=, _v.n._, to lay claim to; to pretend, to mean; to maintain. _Je prétends que mon droit est incontestable_; I maintain that my claim is incontestable. _Je prétends vous traiter comme mon propre fils_ (Racine); I mean (intend) to treat you as my own son.

=prétendu=, =-e=, _adj._, pretended, feigned, sham, so-called; said to be, would be. _C’est un — bel esprit_; he is a would-be wit.

=prétendu=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, intended, future husband, future wife. _Voilà mon —_; that is my intended.

=prête-nom=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) one that lends his name to another; dummy.

=pretentaine=, _n.f._ _V._ =pretantaine=.

=prétentieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, assuming, pretentious, affected, stilted (of style).

=prétention=, _n.f._, pretension, claim, intention, wish, expectation. _Venir à bout de ses —s_; to make good one’s claims. _Sa — est mal fondée_; his demand is groundless. _Il a des —s à l’esprit_; he thinks he is, _or_ claims to be, witty. _C’est un homme sans —s_; he is a man of no pretensions. _Se désister d’une —_; to relinquish a claim.

=prêter=, _v.a._, to lend, to impart, to give rise to, to attribute, to ascribe, to father; to take (oath). _— de l’argent à intérêt_; to lend money on interest. _— secours_; to lend a helping hand. _— main-forte à quelqu’un_; to assist any one, to come to any one’s assistance. _— l’oreille_; to give ear (to), to listen. _— serment_; to take the oath. _— foi et hommage_; to take an oath of allegiance. _— le collet à quelqu’un_; to try one’s strength with any one. _— le flanc_; to expose one’s self. _— à la petite semaine_; to make short loans at a high rate of interest.

_se_ =prêter=, _v.r._, to give way (to); to lend one’s self, _or_ itself (to); to indulge; to humor; to countenance, to favor.

=prêter=, _v.n._, to lend; to give a hold to; to afford matter for; to stretch (of a thing). _Ce cuir-là prête comme un gant_; that leather stretches like a glove. _Donner un prêté pour un rendu_; to give a Roland for an Oliver.

=prêter=, _n.m._, loan. _C’est un — à ne jamais rendre_; it is a loan never to be repaid.

=prétérit= (-rit), _n.m._, (gram.) preterit.

=prétérition=, _n.f._, (rhet.) preterition; pretermission.

=prétermission=, _n.f._ _V._ =prétérition=.

=prêteu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, lender. _— sur gages_; pawnbroker. _adj._, given to lending, of a lending disposition.

=préteur=, _n.m._, (antiq.) pretor, prætor.

=prétexte=, _n.m._, pretext, pretense; plea. _— spécieux_; plausible pretense. _Faux —_; false pretense. _Sous — de le secourir_; under pretense of assisting him.

=prétexte=, _n._ and _adj._ _f._, (Rom. antiq.) prætexta, tunic.

=prétexter=, _v.a._, to pretend, to feign, to affect, to sham; to allege, to plead.

=pretintaille=, _n.f._, furbelow; (fig.) accessory, appendage, incidental profit.

=pretintailler=, _v.a._, to tinsel, to trim (a dress).

=prétoire=, _n.m._, (antiq.) pretorium.

=prétorien=, =-ne= (-in, -è-n), _adj._, (antiq.) pretorian.

=prétorien=, _n.m._, (antiq.) pretorian guard.

*=prêtraille=, _n.f._, (b.s.) priesthood; parsons.

=prêtre=, _n.m._, priest, clergyman; parson. _Il s’est fait —_; he has taken orders. _— habitué_; an unpaid supernumerary priest. _Grand —_; high priest.

=prêtresse=, _n.f._, priestess.

=prêtrise=, _n.f._, priesthood.

=préture=, _n.f._, pretorship.

=preuve=, _n.f._, proof, evidence, testimony, token, mark; (com.) proof-sample; proof (of spirits). _En venir à la —_; to come to the proof. _Faire — de noblesse_; to give proof of nobility; to uphold the honor of one’s house. _Il a fait ses —s_; he has given proofs of his capacity. _Faire — de courage_; to show, _or_ approve, one’s self a man of courage. _Servir de —_; to serve as a proof. _—s induites des circonstances_; (jur.) circumstantial evidence.

=preux=, _n._ and _adj._ _m._, valiant knight, gallant knight; worthy; gallant, doughty, valiant, stout, worthy.

=prévaloir=, _v.n._, to prevail, to stand. _La faveur prévaut souvent sur le mérite_; favor frequently prevails over merit.

_se_ =prévaloir=, _v.r._, to take advantage, to avail one’s self; to boast of, to pride one’s self upon; to glory in. _Se — de sa naissance_; to take advantage of, _or_ to glory in, one’s birth.

=prévaricateur=, _n.m._, prevaricator; betrayer of any one’s trust.

=prévaricat-eur=, =-rice=, _adj._, prevaricating.

=prévarication=, _n.f._, prevarication; breach of trust.

=prévariquer=, _v.n._, to prevaricate, to betray one’s trust.

=prévenance= (pré-vnans), _n.f._, kindness, kind attention.

=prévenant=, =-e=, _adj._, prepossessing; engaging; ready to oblige, attentive, obliging, kind. _Il a un air —_; he has a prepossessing look.

=prévenir= (pré-vnir), _v.a._, to go before, to precede, to come before, to be beforehand with, to get the start of, to anticipate; to forestall; to prevent, to hinder; to prepossess, to prejudice; to predispose, to bias, to inform, to warn; to caution, to give notice; to let know. _— le mal_; to prevent evil. _— les objections_; to forestall objections. _— les besoins de quelqu’un_; to anticipate any one’s wants. _Il m’a fait — de son arrivée_; he sent to tell me of his arrival. _On vous en avait prévenu_; you had had information of it _or_ you had been informed of it.

_se_ =prévenir=, _v.r._, to be prepossessed; to be prejudiced, to anticipate each other. _Se — en faveur de quelqu’un_; to take a liking to any one.

=préventi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, preventive.

=prévention=, _n.f._, prepossession, prejudice, bias; suspicion, presumption; prevention; accusation; (jur.) prosecution; (jur.) commitment. _Donner des —s contre soi_; to raise prejudices against one’s self. _Vaincre les —s de quelqu’un_; to overcome any one’s prejudices. _Etat de —_; (jur.) commitment. _Être en état de —_; (jur.) to be committed for trial.

=préventivement=, _adv._, by way of prevention; (jur.) while awaiting trial, on suspicion.

=prévenu=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, (jur.) prisoner (before trial), the accused, the prisoner (at the bar).

=prévision=, _n.f._, prevision; forecast; foreknowledge; conjecture.

=prévoir=, _v.a._, to foresee; to conjecture; to expect, to anticipate, to provide (for _or_ against); to meet. _Il faut tout —_; we must provide against everything, against all eventualities.

=prévôt=, _n.m._, provost; (nav.) marshal. _Grand —_, _grand — de l’armée_; (milit.) provost-marshal. _— de salle d’armes_; fencing-master’s assistant. _— des marchands_; (old) mayor of Paris.

=prévôtal=, =-e=, _adj._, relating, pertaining to a provost.

=prévôtalement= (-tal-mān), _adv._, by a provost-court.

=prévôté=, _n.f._, provostship.

=prévoyance=, _n.f._, foresight, forethought, prudence, caution. _Rien n’échappe à sa —_; nothing escapes his foresight.

=prévoyant=, =-e=, _adj._, provident, prudent, careful, cautious.

=priapée=, _n.f._, obscene picture; obscene poem.

=priapisme=, _n.m._, (med.) priapism.

=prié=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, person invited, guest.

=prie-dieu=, _n.m._, (_—_) praying-desk; devotion-chair; faldstool.

=prier=, _v.a._ and _n._, to pray; to entreat, to beseech, to call upon, to beg (of), to implore, to supplicate, to request; to invite, to bid. _— quelqu’un d’une grâce_; to request a favor of any one. _Il m’a prié de l’accompagner_; he begged of me to accompany him. _On m’a prié de le faire_; I have been requested to do it. _Je vous en prie_; I beg of you. _— à dîner_; to invite to dinner. _— de dîner_; to press any one to stay to dinner. _Se faire —_ or _aimer à se faire —_; to require pressing.

=prière=, _n.f._, prayer, suit, request, entreaty, desire, invitation; petition. _Instante —_; earnest prayer. _Faire une — à quelqu’un_; to make a request to any one. _Être en —_; to be at prayers. _Faire une chose à la — de quelqu’un_; to do a thing at any one’s request, at any one’s entreaty. _Dire ses —s_, _faire sa —_, _faire ses —s_; to say one’s prayers. _— de faire renvoyer la lettre!_ will you kindly send back the letter!

=prieur=, _n.m._, prior (superior of a convent).

=prieure=, _n.f._, prioress.

=prieuré=, _n.m._, priory.

=prima donna=, _n.f._, (_prime donne_) the chief singer (in an opera).

=primage=, _n.m._, (com.) primage (allowance paid to the captain of a ship).

=primaire=, _adj._, primary. _Ecole —_; elementary school.

=primat=, _n.m._, primate, metropolitan.

=primatial=, =-e= (-ci-al), _adj._, primatial, primatical.

=primatie= (-ma-cî), _n.f._, primacy, primateship.

=primauté=, _n.f._, primacy, supremacy, priority; preeminence; the lead (at cards, dice). _Gagner quelqu’un de —_; to anticipate any one, to be beforehand with any one.

=prime=, _adj._, (alg.) accented. _b’_, _b —_; b’, b accented.

=prime=, _n.f._, premium, bounty; bonus, prize; (c.rel.) prime (first canonical hour succeeding lauds); (fenc.) prime; primero (card game); (com.) prime wool; (jewelry) pebble; (exchange language) agio; (customs) drawback. _A —_; at a premium. _Réponse des —s_; (com.) option.

_de_ =prime abord=, _adv._, at first.

_de_ =prime face=, _adv._, at first, _prima facie_.

=primer=, _v.n._, to play first, to lead (at play); to take the lead, to beat, to override, to excel, to surpass; to go before everything. _Il prime en tout_; he excels in everything. _Les affaires priment tout_; business before everything else.

=primer=, _v.a._, to surpass, to excel; to go before everything; to give a prize (at an agricultural show). _Il prime tous les autres_; he excels all the others.

=de prime-saut=, _adv._, suddenly; off-hand, spontaneously; all at once, at the first effort.

=prime-sauti-er=, =-ère=, _adj._, quick (of thought), ready-witted; impulsive, off-handed; thoughtless, inconsiderate, heedless. _Les Français ont, en général, l’esprit —_; the French are, in general, ready-witted.

=primeur=, _n.f._, first of the season (of vegetables, fruit, flowers, wine); early fruit; early vegetables; early flower; early sentiment, first love; freshness, bloom; earliest communication. _Les fruits sont chers dans la —_; fruit is dear in the early part of the season, fruit is dear when it first comes in. _Certains vins ne sont pas bons dans la —_; certain wines are not good when they are new. _Servir à table un plat de —s_; to serve up a dish of early vegetables. _Je vous en donnerai la —_; you will be the first to get the news.

=primevère=, _n.f._, primrose, cowslip, oxlip.

=primicériat=, _n.m._, dignity, office of primicerius, dean (in some churches).

=primicier=, _n.m._, local dean.

=primidi=, _n.m._, Primidi (first day of the decade in the calendar of the first French republic).

=primipare=, _adj._, primiparous.

=primiti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, primitive, primeval, primogenial, original; native, aboriginal; (gram.) primitive, original.

=primitif=, _n.m._, (gram.) primitive.

=primitivement= (-tiv-mān), _adv._, primitively, originally.

=primitivité=, _n.f._, primitiveness.

=primo=, _adv._, firstly, first, in the first place.

=primogéniture=, _n.f._, primogeniture.

=primordial=, =-e=, _adj._, primordial.

=primordialement= (-al-mān), _adv._, primordially.

=primulacées=, _n.f.pl._, (bot.) primulaceæ.

=prince=, _n.m._, prince. _— royal_; crown prince. _Être bon —_; (fam.) to be a good fellow (easy-going, good-natured). _Vivre en —_; to live like a prince. _Dîner de —_; princely dinner.

=princeps= (-sèps), _adj. invariable_, (print.) earliest, first, original (edition).

=princerie= (prin-srî), _n.f._, (local) deanery.

=princesse=, _n.f._, princess. _Oui, ma —_; (fam.) yes, my charmer.

=princi-er=, =-ère=, _adj._, princely, like a prince.

=princier=, _n.m._, primicerius, first dignitary. _V._ =primicier=.

=principal=, =-e=, _adj._, principal, chief, main; leading, capital, senior, superior; (astron.) primary.

=principal=, _n.m._, principal, chief thing, principal point, chief point, material point; principal, capital (money); principal, head-master; (jur.) principal cause of action. _Pour vous, le — est que vous ayez soin de votre santé_; the main thing for you is to take care of your health. _Payer le — et l’intérêt_; to pay both principal and interest.

=principalat=, _n.m._, head-mastership, principalship.

=principalement= (-pal-mān), _adv._, principally, chiefly.

☉=principalité=, _n.f._ _V._ =principalat=.

=principat=, _n.m._, princedom.

=principauté=, _n.f._, principality, princedom.

=principe=, _n.m._, beginning, source, outset, origin, motive, cause, principle. _pl._, principles, rudiments. _Dès le —_; from the very origin. _Etablir_, _poser_, _un —_; to establish, to lay down, a principle. _Partir d’un —_; to start from a principle. _Homme sans —s_; unprincipled man. _L’amour-propre est le — de presque toutes nos

## actions_; self-love is the motive of almost all our actions.

=principion=, =principule=, _n.m._, petty prince, princelet.

=printani-er=, =-ère=, _adj._, spring, spring-like, vernal; youthful; early. _Fleurs —ères_; spring-flowers; cowslips. _Etoffes —ères_; spring materials, _or_ stuffs; spring goods. _Potage —_; spring-soup (with early vegetables).

=printemps= (-tān), _n.m._, spring, spring-time; prime, bloom. _Le — de la vie_; the morning of life. _Dans le — de sa vie_; in the prime of one’s days. _Au — de ses jours_; in the bloom of one’s youth.

_à_ =priori=, _adv._, à priori (_i.e._ from what precedes).

=priorité=, _n.f._, priority.

=pris=, =-e=, _part._, taken, caught, seized, congealed, curdled, frozen, frozen over; stuffed up (of the nose). _Homme bien — dans sa taille_; well-set man. _Cet homme est — de vin_; that man is the worse for liquor. _La rivière a — dans la nuit_; the river was frozen over in the night. _— dans les glaces_; ice-bound.

=prisable=, _adj._, estimable, valuable.

=prise=, _n.f._, taking, capture; prize; hold, handle, purchase; quarrel; dose; pinch. _pl._, fighting, close quarters. _La — d’une ville_; the taking of a town. _— de possession_; taking possession. _— de possession d’un bénéfice_; induction to a living. _— d’habit_; (c.rel.) taking the habit, _or_ the veil. _Décret de — de corps_; writ of arrest. _Part de —_; prize-money. _Amariner une —_; to man a prize. _Être de bonne —_; to be a lawful prize. _Lâcher —_; to let go one’s hold. _Donner — à la critique_; to lay one’s self open to criticism, to expose one’s self to criticism, to afford matter for criticism. _Donner — sur soi à son ennemi_; to give one’s enemy a hold over one. _— de tabac_; pinch of snuff. _En venir aux —s_; to grapple with one another, to come to blows. _Les deux chiens sont aux —s_; the two dogs are fighting. _Être aux —s avec la mauvaise fortune_; to be struggling with, _or_ against, adversity. _Être aux —s avec la mort_; to be on the point of death, _or_ at death’s door; to be in great danger. _Mettre aux —s_; to set (together) by the ears.

=prisée=, _n.f._, estimate, appraisement, valuation. _Faire la — de_; to make an estimate of.

=priser=, _v.a._, to prize, to rate, to value, to set a high price on, to appraise, to estimate; to esteem, to have an esteem for.

_se_ =priser=, _v.r._, to be valued, to be esteemed; to set a high value on one’s self.

=priser=, _v.a._ and _n._, to take snuff.

=priseu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, snuff-taker.

=priseur=, _adj._, who appraises. _Commissaire —_; appraiser, auctioneer. _Expert — assermenté_; sworn appraiser.

=prismatique=, _adj._, prismatic.

=prisme=, _n.m._, prism.

=prismoïde=, _n.m._ and _adj._, prismoid; prismoidal.

=prison=, _n.f._, prison, gaol, jail; imprisonment, confinement. _S’échapper de —_; to break out of prison. _— d’état_; state prison. _Être dans la — de saint Crépin_; to wear shoes which pinch. _Envoyer en —_; to send to prison.

=prisonni-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._, prisoner. _— d’état_; state-prisoner.

=privati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, (gram.) privative; (jur.) in severalty.

=privation=, _n.f._, privation, deprivation, want, need, bereavement, loss; hardship. _Vivre de —s_; to lead a life of privation. _Être dans la —_; to be in want. _La — de la vue_; the loss of sight.

=privativement= (-tiv-mān), _adv._, exclusively.

=privauté=, _n.f._, extreme familiarity, liberty. _Prendre des —s_; to take liberties.

=privé=, =-e=, _part._, deprived. _Corps — de vie_; lifeless body. _Homme — de sa raison_; man deprived of his reason.

=privé=, =-e=, _adj._, private; tame (animal); privy, intimate, free. _Vie —e_; private life. _De son autorité —e_; of one’s own authority.

☉=privément=, _adv._, familiarly, intimately.

=priver=, _v.a._, to deprive, to debar; to bereave; to tame (animal). _— quelqu’un de ses biens_; to deprive any one of his property. _Je ne veux pas vous — de cela_; I won’t rob you of that.

_se_ =priver=, _v.r._, to deprive, _or_ debar, one’s self; to stint, _or_ deny, one’s self; to abstain (from).

=privilège=, _n.m._, privilege, exemption, immunity; grant, favor; (jur.) preference; (thea.) license; franchise, prerogative, right. _Accorder un — à_; to grant a privilege to; to license (printers). _Priver de ses —s_; to deprive any one of his privileges; to disfranchise. _Atteinte portée aux —s_; breach of privilege. _Les —s de la noblesse_; the privileges of the nobility.

=privilégié=, =-e=, _adj._, privileged, exempt; (thea.) licensed; (jur.) entitled to preference (of creditors); (of shares) preference, preferential. _Lieu —_; privileged place. _C’est un être —_; he is a privileged, _or_ favored, being.

=privilégié=, _n.m._, privileged person.

=privilégier=, _v.a._, to grant a privilege, to privilege, to license.

=prix=, _n.m._, price, cost, value, worth, terms; return, premium; estimation; reward; prize. _— fait_; settled price. _Mettre un — à_; to set a price upon. _— excessif_; extravagant price. _Juste —_; moderate price. _— de fabrique_; manufacturer’s price. _Une chose de —_; a thing of great value. _Hors de —_; extravagantly dear. _De —_; precious, valuable. _Une chose qui n’a point de —_; a thing that is invaluable, beyond all price. _Vendre à tout —_; to sell at any price, at any cost. _Mettre la tête d’un homme à —_; to set a price upon a man’s head. _— fixe_; (com.) net price, no abatement. _À tout — or à quelque — que ce soit_; cost what it will. _La vertu trouve son — en elle-même_; virtue is its own reward. _Remporter le —_; to carry off the prize. _Au — de_; at the cost of, in comparison with. _À vil —_; under price, dirt-cheap. _— courant_; (com.) current price, market price. _— coûtant_; cost price. _À — d’argent_; for money. _N’avoir pas de —_; to be invaluable, _or_ priceless; also, to be valueless.

=probabilisme=, _n.m._, probabilism.

=probabilité=, _n.f._, probability, likelihood.

=probable=, _adj._, probable, likely, credible. _Cela est bien peu —_; that is anything but probable.

=probablement=, _adv._, probably, likely.

=probante=, _adj.f._, probatory (of documents); convincing, conclusive (arguments). _En forme —_; in an authentic form. _Raison —_; convincing reason.

=probation=, _n.f._, probation.

=probatique=, _adj._, only used in _piscine —_ (the reservoir near the Temple in which Hebrew Priests washed the animals that were to be sacrificed).

☉=probatoire=, _adj._, probatory.

=probe=, _adj._, honest, upright; of probity. _Homme —_; man of probity.

=probité=, _n.f._, probity, honesty, integrity, uprightness. _— éprouvée_; tried probity.

=problématique=, _adj._, problematical.

=problématiquement= (-tik-mān), _adv._, problematically.

=problème=, _n.m._, problem, question. _Poser un —_; to state a problem. _Résoudre un —_; to solve a problem. _C’est un —_; it is a question.

=proboscide=, _n.f._, (natural hist., her.) proboscis.

=proboscidiens=, _n.m.pl._, (zoöl.) proboscidians, proboscideæ.

=procédé=, _n.m._, behavior, proceeding, way of acting; dealing, conduct; (billiards) cue-tip; process, operation. _pl._, delicate, gentlemanly manners, fair dealings. _Je n’aime pas ces —s_; I don’t like that way of acting, I dislike those manners. _Manquer aux —s_; to behave in an unhandsome manner. _C’est un homme à —s_; he is a gentlemanly man, _or_ a man of fair dealings. _— chimique_; chemical process.

=procéder=, _v.n._, to proceed, to go on; to come from; to arise (from), to originate (in); to behave, to conduct one’s self; (jur.) to proceed. _— criminellement contre quelqu’un_; to proceed (criminally) against any one. _Cela procède bien_; that is going on very well.

=procédure=, _n.f._, (jur.) proceedings; practice, procedure, process.

=procès=, _n.m._, lawsuit, suit, action, trial, process. _Être en —_; to be at law. _Intenter un —_, _faire un —_, _à quelqu’un_; to bring an

## action against any one, to institute proceedings against any one. _Gagner

son —_; to gain one’s suit, _or_ case. _Perdre son —_; to lose one’s case. _Faire le — à quelqu’un_; to try any one, to bring any one to trial; to call any one to account, to find fault with, to censure. _Sans autre forme de —_; without more ado, without further formality.

=processi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, litigious.

=procession=, _n.f._, procession.

=processionnal=, _n.m._, (c.rel.) processional.

=processionnel=, =-le=, _adj._, processional.

=processionnellement= (-nèl-mān), _adv._, in procession.

=procès-verbal=, _n.m._, (_—-verbaux_) (authentic written minute, _or_ report, of an official act _or_ proceeding); proceedings, official report, information against; (parl.) journal, minute of proceedings.

=prochain=, =-e=, _adj._, near, nearest, next, approaching, near at hand, nigh, approximate, proximate; (com.) proximo. _Village —_; neighboring village. _Le mois —_; next month. _La semaine —e_; next week. _Son départ est —_; his departure is nigh at hand, _or_ imminent. _Fin —e_; approaching end. _Fin —_; (com.) at the end of next month.

=prochain=, _n.m._, neighbor, fellow-creature.

=prochainement= (-shé-n-mān), _adv._, in a short time, shortly, soon.

=prochaineté=, _n.f._, nearness, proximity.

=proche=, _adj._, near, next, near at hand, neighboring, nigh, approaching. _La ville la plus —_; the nearest town. _— parent_; near relation.

=proche=, _prep._, near, nigh.

=proche=, _adv._, near, nigh. _De — en —_; from place to place; gradually, one after another. _Le choléra s’étendit rapidement de — en —_; the cholera spread rapidly from place to place.

=proches=, _n.m.pl._, near relations, near relatives; relations, relatives, kinsmen, kin, kindred.

=prochronisme=, _n.m._, prochronism.

=procidence=, _n.f._, (med.) prolapsus.

=proclamateur=, _n.m._, proclaimer, proclaiming.

=proclamation=, _n.f._, proclamation.

=proclamer=, _v.a._, to proclaim, to cry out, to give out, to announce, to trumpet forth; to publish, to declare.

=proclitique=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (gram.) unaccented word; unaccented.

=proclive=, _adj._, inclined.

=proclivité=, _n.f._, proclivity.

=procombant=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) procumbent.

=proconsul=, _n.m._, (Roman hist.) proconsul.

=proconsulaire=, _adj._, (Roman hist.) proconsular.

=proconsulat=, _n.m._, (Roman hist.) proconsulship.

=procréateur=, _adj._, procreative, procreating.

=procréation=, _n.f._, procreation.

=procréer=, _v.a._, to procreate, to beget.

=procurateur=, _n.m._, procurator, proxy.

=procuratie= (-ci), _n.f._, procuracy (at Venice); procurator’s palace.

=procuration=, _n.f._, procuration, power of attorney, letter of attorney, warrant of attorney; proxy (deed).

=procuratrice=, _n.f._ _V._ =procureur=.

=procurer=, _v.a._, to procure, to obtain, to help to, to get. _— une charge à quelqu’un_; to procure, to obtain, to get, a post for any one.

_se_ =procurer=, _v.r._, to procure, to obtain, to get for one’s self; to be procured, to be obtained, to be procurable. _Se — de l’argent_; to obtain money. _Ce poisson se procure très-difficilement_; this sort of fish is hard to get.

=procur-eur=, _n.m._, =-atrice=, _n.f._, proxy. _Agir par —_; to act by proxy.

=procureur=, _n.m._, ☉solicitor, attorney, procurator. ☉_— fiscal_; (feudalism) lord’s attorney; purveyor (of monastic orders). _— général_; Attorney General. _— du roi_, _— impérial_, _— de la république_; public prosecutor.

=procureuse=, _n.f._, procuress; bawd.

=prodigalement= (-gal-mān), _adv._, prodigally, extravagantly, lavishly, profusely.

=prodigalité=, _n.f._, prodigality, profusion, extravagance, lavishness.

=prodige=, _n.m._, prodigy, wonder, marvel.

=prodigieusement= (-eûz-mān), _adv._, prodigiously, wonderfully, wondrously, marvelously; stupendously.

=prodigieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, prodigious, wondrous, wonderful, marvelous; vast, stupendous.

=prodigue=, _adj._, prodigal, profuse, lavish, wasteful. _L’enfant —_; the prodigal son.

=prodigue=, _n.m.f._, prodigal, spendthrift, squanderer.

=prodiguer= (-ghé), _v.a._, to lavish, to waste, to squander away, to be prodigal of, to be lavish of, to throw away. _— sa vie_; to expose one’s life.

_se_ =prodiguer=, _v.r._, to be lavished, to be thrown away; to expose one’s self.

=prodrome=, _n.m._, introduction, preface; (med.) premonitory symptoms.

=product-eur=, =-rice=, _adj._, productive, producing.

=producteur=, _n.m._, (polit. econ.) producer.

=productibilité=, _n.f._, producibleness.

=productible=, _adj._, producible.

=producti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, productive.

=production=, _n.f._, act of producing, production; (jur.) exhibition (of deeds); (jur.) deeds exhibited; (anat.) process, growth.

=productivement=, _adv._, productively.

=productivité=, _n.f._, productiveness.

=produire= (produisant, produit), _v.a._, to produce, to bring forth; to bear, to yield, to be worth; to be productive of, to be the cause of; to breed, to generate, to show, to exhibit, to adduce; to make known. _— des titres_; to show title-deeds. _— des témoins_; to bring forward witnesses. _Cette charge produit dix mille francs par an_; this office, _or_ post, is worth four hundred a year. _La guerre produit de grands maux_; war is productive of, _or_ begets, great evils. _— un jeune homme dans le monde_; to introduce a young man into society; to bring out, _or_ make known, a young man.

_se_ =produire=, _v.r._, to introduce one’s self, to put one’s self forward, to make one’s way; to be produced, _or_ brought forth; to occur, to happen, to manifest itself.

=produire=, _v.n._, (jur.) to deliver particulars, to show title-deeds.

=produit=, _n.m._, produce, product, yield; production, exhibit; (arith., geom.) product, proceeds. _Il vit du — de sa terre_; he lives on the produce of his land. _—s agricoles_; agricultural produce. _— chimique_; chemical product. _— net_; (com.) net proceeds.

=proême=, _n.m._, proem, preface, prelude, introduction.

=proéminence=, _n.f._, prominence, protuberance, projection.

=proéminent=, =-e=, _adj._, prominent, protuberant.

=profanateur=, _n.m._, profaner.

=profanation=, _n.f._, profanation.

=profane=, _adj._, profane, secular, unworthy.

=profane=, _n.m.f._, profane person, unlearned person; outsider, black sheep; the vulgar herd.

=profaner=, _v.a._, to profane, to defile, to pollute; to desecrate. _C’est — le talent que de faire cela_; it is a profanation of talent to do that.

=proférer=, _v.a._, to utter, to speak; to pronounce. _Se —_; to be uttered.

=prof-ès=, =-esse=, _n._ and _adj._, professed friar; professed nun; professed.

=professer=, _v.a._, to profess, to make a profession of; to exercise, to practice, to teach, to be a professor of, to lecture on. _— le plus grand respect pour quelqu’un_; to profess the greatest respect for any one. _— une science_; to teach a science. _— un métier_; to practise a trade, to exercise a calling.

=professer=, _v.a._ and _n._, to be a professor, to be a lecturer; to lecture, to teach.

=professeur=, _n.m._, professor; teacher; lecturer; practicer (of an art or calling). _Chaire de —_; professorship. _— en droit_; professor of law.

=profession=, _n.f._, profession, declaration; profession (occupation), calling; trade, business. _Il fait — de bel esprit_; he sets up for a wit. _De quelle — est-il?_ what is his profession? _Dévot de —_; professed bigot.

=professionnel=, =-le=, _adj._, professional.

_ex_ =professo=, _adv._, ex professo; thoroughly; in a professional manner.

=professoral=, =-e=, _adj._, professorial.

=professorat=, _n.m._, professorship, lectureship; teaching.

=profil=, _n.m._, profile, side face; side-view; section, outline; (drawing) section. _Un visage de —_; a face in profile.

=profiler=, _v.a._, to profile; to represent in profile, to show in profile. _Se —_; to appear in profile; to stand out.

=profit=, _n.m._, profit, gain, emolument, benefit, utility; improvement, progress; use. _Au — de_; for the benefit of, for the use of, in support of, in aid of. _— net_; clear profit. _Il ne m’en revient aucun —_; I get nothing by it. _Mettre tout à —_; to turn everything to the best advantage; to turn everything to account. _Faire son — de_; to make a profit by; to make the best of, to avail one’s self of. _Tirer du — de_; to profit by. _—s éventuels_; perquisites.

=profitable=, _adj._, profitable; advantageous.

=profiter=, _v.n._, to profit, to gain; to benefit, to avail one’s self; to improve. _— sur des marchandises_; to profit by goods. _Faire — son argent_; to lay out one’s money advantageously. _— des bons avis_; to profit by good advice. _— de l’occasion_; to avail one’s self of, to improve, the opportunity. _Les biens mal acquis ne profitent point_; ill gotten goods never go far, _or_ never serve. _— en sagesse_; to improve in wisdom. _C’est un terrain où rien ne profite_; it is a soil where nothing thrives.

=profond=, =-e=, _adj._, deep, profound; wide, vast, extensive; sound; downright, consummate; heavy (of sighs); dark (of the night). _Un — sommeil_; a sound sleep. _—e révérence_; low bow, low courtesy. _Science —e_; profound learning. _Puits —_; deep well. _Un savant —_; a profound scholar. _Un — penseur_; a profound thinker. _Un — scélérat_; a consummate villain. _Nuit —e_; dark night, pitch dark.

=profond=, _n.m._, depth, abyss.

=profondément=, _adv._, deep, deeply, profoundly, widely, greatly, soundly, fast. _Saluer —_; to bow low. _Dormir —_; to sleep soundly.

=profondeur=, _n.f._, depth; profoundness, profundity; penetration; extent.

=profus=, =-e=, _adj._, profuse.

=profusément=, _adv._, profusely.

=profusion=, _n.f._, profusion, profuseness. _Donner avec —_; to give profusely, lavishly. _À —_; in profusion.

☉=progéniture=, _n.f._, (jest.) progeny, offspring.

=prognathe=, _adj._, (ethnology) prognathous.

=prognathisme=, _n.m._, (ethnology) the being prognathous.

=prognostic=, _n.m._ _V._ =pronostic=.

=prognostique=, _adj._, (med.) prognostic.

=programme=, _n.m._, programme, bill, list, syllabus. _— de spectacle_; play-bill.

=progrès=, _n.m._, progress; course, advancement, improvement, proficiency, furtherance, rise. _— d’une maladie_; progress of a disease. _Il a fait de grands —s_; he has greatly improved, he has made great progress.

=progresser=, _v.n._, to progress, to improve.

=progressi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, progressive.

=progression=, _n.f._, progression.

=progressiste=, _n.m._, progressist, liberal, radical.

=progressivement= (-siv-mān), _adv._, progressively, by degrees.

=prohiber=, _v.a._, to forbid, to interdict, to prohibit.

=prohibiti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, prohibitive, prohibitory.

=prohibition=, _n.f._, prohibition, interdiction.

=prohibitionniste=, _n.m._, (com.) prohibitionist.

=proie=, _n.f._, prey, prize, booty. _Oiseaux de —_; birds of prey. _Être en — à la douleur_; to be a prey to grief. _Être ardent à la —_; to be eager after booty. _Partager la —_; to divide the spoil. _Être en — à ses valets_; to be pilfered by one’s own servants.

=projectile=, _n.m._ and _adj._, projectile.

=projection=, _n.f._, projection.

=projecture=, _n.f._, (arch.) projecture, projection.

=projet=, _n.m._, project, scheme, design, plan, contemplation, idea, first sketch; rough draft. _Former_, or _concevoir_, _un —_; to form, _or_ to contrive, a scheme. _Homme à —s_; schemer.

=projeter= (proj-té), _v.a._, to project, to plan, to contrive, to scheme; to contemplate, to intend; to project, to throw out, to cast forward; to project, to delineate. _— d’aller à la campagne_; to contemplate going into the country. _La terre projette son ombre_; the earth throws forward its shadow.

_se_ =projeter=, _v.r._, to project, to jut out, to shoot out, to be prominent, to stand out.

=projeter=, _v.n._, to form projects.

=projeteu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, projector, person full of projects; schemer.

=prolapsus=, _n.m._, (med.) prolapsus, prolapse. _— de la luette_; prolapse of the uvula.

=prolégomènes=, _n.m.pl._, prolegomena (prefatory matter).

=prolepse=, _n.f._, (rhet.) prolepsis.

=proleptique=, _adj._, (med.) proleptic, proleptical.

=prolétaire=, _n.m._ and _adj._, proletary; proletarian.

=prolétariat=, _n.m._, proletariat, pauperism.

=prolifère=, _adj._, (bot.) proliferous.

=prolifique=, _adj._, prolific.

=prolixe=, _adj._, prolix, tedious, diffuse, verbose.

=prolixement=, _adv._, prolixly, diffusely.

=prolixité=, _n.f._, prolixity, diffuseness.

=prologue= (-log), _n.m._, prologue.

=prolongation=, _n.f._, prolongation, protraction, delay.

=prolonge=, _n.f._, (artil.) binding rope, lashing; (artil.) small ammunition-wagon.

=prolongement= (-lonj-mān), _n.m._, prolongation, continuation, extension.

=prolonger=, _v.a._, to prolong, to lengthen, to continue, to extend, to protract, to lengthen out, to draw out; (geom.) to produce; (nav.) to bring alongside; to sail along. _— un trève_; to prolong a truce. _— un quai_; to prolong a quay. _— le temps_; to spin out the time. _— le terme d’un payement_; to extend the time for payment.

_se_ =prolonger=, _v.r._, to be prolonged; to extend, to be continued. _Les débats se sont prolongés fort avant dans la nuit_; the debate was continued far into the night.

=promenade= (pro-mnad), _n.f._, walking, walk; airing; walk, promenade (place); ambulatory, drive, excursion, pleasure-trip. _— à pied_; walk. _— à cheval_; ride (on horseback). _— en voiture_; drive, airing. _— en bateau_; row, sail. _Faire une —_; to take a walk, to go for a walk. _Faire une — en voiture_; to take a drive, to go for a drive. _La — est belle aujourd’hui_; it is beautiful weather for a walk. _C’était une vraie —_; it was a real pleasure-trip.

_se_ =promener= (pro-mné), _v.r._, to walk, to take a walk, to go for a walk, to promenade; to wander, to ramble. _Se — à cheval_; to ride, to take a ride, to go out riding. _Se — en voiture_; to take a drive, to drive out. _Se — sur l’eau_; to go on the water; to go for a row; to go for a sail. _Du haut de Montmartre la vue se promène sur toute la ville de Paris_; from the top of Montmartre the eye wanders over all the city of Paris. _Envoyer quelqu’un se —_; to send any one packing, _or_ about his business. _Qu’il aille se —_; let him go to Bath. _Allez vous —_; go about your business. _En se promenant_; slowly; leisurely.

=promener=, _v.a._, to take out for a walk, to take out walking; to take, to take out, for an airing, for a drive; to take, to take out, for a ride; to take out (animal); to turn (one’s eyes, looks); to run one’s eyes over; to scan, to survey; to lead about, to take about. _— sa vue sur une assemblée_; to survey an assembly. _— quelqu’un_; to bandy any one about.

=promeneu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, walker, pedestrian; rider, person taking a ride; person taking a drive; (fig.) humbug.

=promenoir=, _n.m._, walk, place for walking; covered walk _or_ gallery.

=promesse=, _n.f._, promise, word; promissory note, note of hand. _Tenir sa —_; to keep one’s promise. _Satisfaire à sa —_; to be as good as one’s word. _Vendre avec — de garantir_; to warrant the quality of one’s goods.

=promettant=, _n.m._, (jur.) promisor, obligor.

=prometteu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, promiser.

=promettre=, _v.a._, to promise, to forebode. _Il m’a promis de venir_; he promised me that he would come. _— et tenir sont deux_; it is one thing to promise, another to perform. _Voilà un temps qui promet un orage_; this weather forebodes a storm.

_se_ =promettre=, _v.r._, to promise one’s self; to purpose, to resolve, to intend; to expect, to hope, to promise each other; to be promised.

=promettre=, _v.n._, to promise, to be promising, to bid fair. _Ce jeune homme promet beaucoup_; that is a very promising young man.

=prominence=, _n.f._, prominence.

=prominent=, =-e=, _adj._, prominent.

=prominer=, _v.n._, to rise above; to be prominent.

=promis=, =-e=, _part._, promised, intended, engaged. _La terre —e_; the promised land. _Chose —e, chose due_; promises should be kept. _Un —_, _n._, an intended, a lover.

=promiscuité=, _n.f._, promiscuousness.

=promission=, _n.f._, (Bib.) promise. _La terre de —_; the land of promise.

=promontoire=, _n.m._, (geog.) promontory, headland.

=promoteur=, _n.m._, promoter. _adj._, promoting, inducing.

=promotion=, _n.f._, promotion, preferment.

=promouvoir=, _v.a._, to promote, to prefer, to raise, to advance.

=prompt=, =-e= (prōn, prōnt), _adj._, prompt, quick, active, ready; sudden, speedy, swift; hasty, passionate. _—e réponse_; quick answer. _Il a la repartie —e_; he is quick at repartee. _Il est — à servir ses amis_; he is ever ready to serve his friends. _Avoir l’esprit —_; to have a quick understanding, to be very sharp.

=promptement= (prōn-tmān), _adv._, promptly, quickly, readily, suddenly, speedily, swiftly; hastily, passionately.

=promptitude= (prōn-ti-tud), _n.f._, promptitude, speed, speediness; quickness, readiness, suddenness, swiftness; hastiness, passion.

=promulgation=, _n.f._, promulgation.

=promulguer= (-ghé), _v.a._, to promulgate. _Se —_; to be promulgated.

=pronaos=, _n.m._, (_—_) (arch., antiq.) pronaos.

=pronateur=, _n._ and _adj._ _m._, (anat.) pronator.

=pronation=, _n.f._, (anat.) pronation.

=prône=, _n.m._, (c.rel.) sermon (after or before mass); lecture, rebuke, sermon.

=prôner=, _v.a._, to cry up, to extol, to preach up, to commend, to praise, to set forth; to preach to, to lecture, to sermonize; (l.u.) to preach.

=prôner=, _v.n._, to lecture, to remonstrate.

=prôneur=, _n.m._, (l.u.) preacher.

=prôneu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, puffer, trumpeter; lecturer, preacher, rebuker.

=pronom= (-non), _n.m._, (gram.) pronoun.

=pronominal=, =-e=, _adj._, pronominal.

=pronominalement= (-nal-mān), _adv._, (gram.) pronominally.

=prononçable=, _adj._, pronounceable.

=prononcé=, _n.m._, (jur.) judgment delivered, sentence, decree.

=prononcé=, =-e=, _adj._, pronounced, decided, decisive, marked; (paint., sculpt.) prominent. _Les muscles en sont bien —s_; the muscles are very prominent. _Caractère —_; decided character. _Goût —_; decided taste. _Fortement —_; strongly marked.

=prononcer=, _v.a._, to pronounce, to articulate, to utter, to say, to speak, to give utterance to; to give; to deliver; to make; to declare; (jur.) to find, to give in; (paint.) to delineate strongly, to bring out, to give prominence to. _— un discours_; to deliver a discourse, to make a speech. _— une sentence_; (jur.) to pass sentence.

_se_ =prononcer=, _v.r._, to pronounce one’s self, to declare one’s self, to speak out, to express one’s sentiments; to show one’s self, to manifest one’s self; to be pronounced; to be marked; to become evident.

=prononcer=, _v.n._, to pronounce; to declare one’s sentiment, to decide with authority.

=prononciation=, _n.f._, pronunciation; utterance, delivering, delivery. _— d’une sentence_; passing sentence. _— nette_, _distincte_; clear, distinct pronunciation. _— vicieuse_, _locale_; vicious, local pronunciation. _Il a la — belle_; he has a fine utterance, _or_ delivery.

=pronostic=, _n.m._, prognostic, prognostication; (med.) prognostic, prognosis.

=pronostiquer=, _v.a._, to prognosticate.

=pronostiqueur=, _n.m._, prognosticator.

=propagande=, _n.f._, propaganda.

=propagandiste=, _n.m._, propagandist.

=propagateur=, _n.m._, propagator, spreader. _adj._, propagating, spreading.

=propagation=, _n.f._, propagation, spread, spreading, diffusion. _La — d’une maladie_; the spread of a disease. _La — des connaissances_; the diffusion of knowledge.

=propager=, _v.a._, to propagate, to spread, to spread abroad, to diffuse.

_se_ =propager=, _v.r._, to be propagated, to be diffused, to be spread abroad; to propagate, to spread.

=propension=, _n.f._, propensity, tendency, inclination, bent, disposition.

=prophète=, _n.m._, prophet, seer. _Personne n’est — dans son pays_; no man is a prophet in his own country.

=prophétesse=, _n.f._, prophetess.

=prophétie= (-cî), _n.f._, prophecy, prophesying.

=prophétique=, _adj._, prophetic, prophetical.

=prophétiquement= (-tik-mān), _adv._, prophetically.

=prophétiser=, _v.a._, to prophesy, to foretell.

=prophylactique=, _adj._, (med.) prophylactical, prophylactic.

=prophylactique= _or_ =prophylaxie=, _n.f._, (med.) the science of prophylactic medicine.

=propice=, _adj._, propitious, favorable, kind. _Le ciel soit — à ses vœux_; heaven favor his wishes. _Rendre —_; to render propitious, to propitiate.

=propitiation=, _n.f._, propitiation.

=propitiatoire=, _n.m._ and _adj._, propitiatory, mercy-seat; propitiatory.

=propitier=, _v.a._, to propitiate.

=propolis= (-lis), _n.f._, propolis.

=proportion=, _n.f._, proportion, relation, ratio, due share; suitableness. _— gardée_; in proportion. _À —_; proportionable, proportional, proportionably, proportionately, proportionally. _A de —_; in proportion to.

=proportionnalité=, _n.f._, proportionality, proportionateness.

=proportionné=, =-e=, _adj._, proportioned; suited.

=proportionnel=, =-le=, _adj._, proportional.

=proportionnelle=, _n.f._, (math.) proportional.

=proportionnellement=, (-nèl-mān), _adv._, proportionably, proportionately.

=proportionnément=, _adv._, proportionally, proportionately, in proportion to.

=proportionner=, _v.a._, to proportion, to adjust, to fit, to accommodate, to adapt, _or_ to adjust; to suit. _— sa dépense à son revenu_; to suit one’s expenditure to one’s revenue, to cut one’s cloth according to one’s measure.

_se_ =proportionner=, _v.r._, to be proportioned; to proportion one’s self, to suit one’s self.

=propos=, _n.m._, discourse, talk, words; purpose, resolution, design. _pl._, idle remarks, tittle-tattle, talk. _Changeons de —_; let us talk of something else. _— de table_; table-talk. _— interrompu_; desultory talk. _Je me moque des —_; what do I care for people’s tattle! _Jeter des — d’accommodement_; to hint at reconciliation. _À —_, _adj._, seasonable, proper, fit, to the purpose. _À —_, _adv._, seasonably, opportunely, pertinently, by the way, talking of that, now I come to think of it. _Venir fort à —_; to come in the nick of time. _Elle fait chaque chose à —_; she does everything at the proper time. _Mal à —_; ill-timed, unseasonable, unseasonably. _Hors de —_; unseasonably; not to the purpose, impertinent, impertinently. _À —, j’ai oublié de vous dire l’autre jour_; now I think of it, I forgot to tell you the other day. _Il s’est fâché à — de rien_; he got angry for nothing at all. _Il est venu me quereller à — de bottes_; he came to quarrel with me for no earthly reason. _À quel —?_ what about? _À — de quoi?_ for what reason? why? _À tout —_; at every turn, ever and anon. _À — de_; with respect to. _À —_, _n._, fitness, expediency, appositeness, pertinence; design. _L’à — fait le mérite_; seasonableness gives everything its price. _De — delibéré_; of set purpose. _Juger à —_; to think proper. _Il est à — de_; it is expedient to.

=proposable=, _adj._, that can be proposed, proposable.

=proposant=, _n.m._, (French protestant) student in divinity.

=proposant=, _adj.m._, (c.rel.) proposing.

=proposer=, _v.a._, to propose, to offer, to propound, to move, to make a motion; to designate, to set up, to state, to move. _— un sujet à traiter_; to propose a subject for writing upon. _— une question_; to propound a question. _— quelqu’un pour exemple_; to set up anybody as a pattern.

_se_ =proposer=, _v.r._, to propose one’s self, to offer one’s self; to be proposed, to be offered; to propose, to purpose, to intend, to have in view.

=proposer=, _v.n._, to propose. _L’homme propose et Dieu dispose_; man proposes and God disposes.

=proposeur=, _n.m._, proposer, propounder.

=proposition=, _n.f._, proposition; motion; proposal, offer. _Pain de —_; show-bread _or_ shew-bread. _Faire des —s à quelqu’un_; to make proposals to any one.

=propre=, _adj._, own; very, same, self-same, very same; adapted, appropriate, calculated, fit, fitted; qualified, proper, suitable; clean; neat, tidy; nice; accurate, right, correct. _C’est son — fils_; it is his own son. _En main —_; in one’s own hands. _Amour-—_, (_—s-—s_) self-love, conceit. _Nom —_; proper name. _Ce sont ses —s paroles_; they are his very words. _Termes —s_; proper, _or_ correct, expressions. _Il est — à tout_; he is fit for anything. _Le mot —_; the proper _or_ right word. _Il est toujours fort —_; he is always very neat. _Avoir une écriture —_; to write a neat hand.

=propre=, _n.m._, characteristic, attribute; peculiar quality, property, part; (gram.) proper sense, literal sense; (jur.) real estate, real property; (c.rel.) particular prayers. _Le — des oiseaux est de voler_; it is in the nature of birds to fly. _Avoir en —_; to own. _N’avoir rien en —_; to have no property. _Posséder en —_; to possess in one’s own right. _Le — et le figuré_; the literal and figurative sense. _Prendre un mot au —_; to use a word in its literal sense. _C’est du —!_ what a dirty

## action! what a nasty thing!

=proprement=, _adv._, properly, correctly, rightly; literally; cleanly; neatly, tidily. _— dit_; properly called, properly so called. _À — parler_; properly speaking. _S’habiller —_; to dress neatly.

=propret=, =-te=, _adj._, spruce, neat, tidy, natty.

=propreté=, _n.f._, cleanness, cleanliness; spruceness, neatness, niceness.

=propréteur=, _n.m._, (Roman hist.) propretor.

=propriétaire=, _n.m.f._, owner; proprietor; proprietress; landlord; landlady; freeholder, esquire, man of independent means. _Nu —_; (jur.) owner without the usufruct of his property.

=propriété=, _n.f._, property; ownership; estate; peculiar quality, essential faculty; propriety, correctness (of words, terms). _pl._, lands, estates. _— littéraire_; copyright. _Nue —_; (jur.) property without the usufruct of it, reversionary interest. _Doter quelqu’un d’une —_; to settle an estate upon any one. _Violer la —_; to trespass.

=propulser=, _v.a._, to propel.

=propulseur=, _n.m._, (tech.) propeller. _— à hélice_; screw-propeller.

=propulsion=, _n.f._, propulsion.

=propylée=, _n.m.pl._, (arch.) propylæum.

=prorata=, _n.m._, proportion. _Au — de_; pro rata, in proportion.

=prorogati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, prorogative.

=prorogation=, _n.f._, prolongation; adjournment; prorogation (of parliament).

=proroger=, _v.a._, to prolong time, to protract, to adjourn, to delay; to prorogue (parliament).

=prosaïque=, _adj._, prosaic, prosy; dull, tedious, matter of fact.

=prosaïquement=, _adv._, prosaically, dully, unpoetically, tediously, coldly.

=prosaïser=, _v.n._, to write prose, to vulgarize.

=prosaïsme=, _n.m._, prosaism; (fig.) prosiness, dullness, monotony, vulgarity. _Le — de la vie_; the monotony of life.

=prosateur=, _n.m._, prose-writer, prosaist.

=proscénium= (-sé-ni-om), _n.m._, (antiq.) proscenium.

=proscripteur=, _n.m._, proscriber, banisher.

=proscription=, _n.f._, proscription, outlawry.

=proscrire=, _v.a._, (proscrivant, proscrit), to proscribe, to outlaw; to expel, to banish; to taboo. _Se —_; to be proscribed, to proscribe each other.

=proscrit=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, proscribed person, exile, outlaw, refugee, outcast. _Figure de —_; disagreeable face, displeasing face.

=prose=, _n.f._, prose; (c.rel.) prose. _Mettre en —_; to turn into prose.

=prosecteur=, _n.m._, (anat.) prosector.

=prosélyte=, _n.m.f._, proselyte.

=prosélytisme=, _n.m._, proselytism.

=prosodie=, _n.f._, (gram.) prosody.

=prosodique=, _adj._, prosodial, prosodical.

=prosopopée=, _n.f._, (rhet.) prosopopœia.

=prospectus= (-tus), _n.m._, prospectus; hand-bill.

=prospère=, _adj._, prosperous, thriving; propitious, favorable.

=prospérer=, _v.n._, to prosper, to be prosperous, to be successful, to thrive, to speed.

=prospérité=, _n.f._, prosperity, success, well-being. _Quel visage de —!_ what a happy, cheerful face! how well you look!

=prostate=, _n.f._, (anat.) prostate, prostate gland.

=prostatique=, _adj._, (anat.) prostatic.

=prosternation=, _n.f._, prostration, obeisance.

=prosternement=, _n.m._, prostration.

=prosterner=, _v.a._, to prostrate.

_se_ =prosterner=, _v.r._, to prostrate one’s self, to fall down, to bow one’s head; to bow low.

=prosthèse=, _n.f._, (gram.) prosthesis; (surg. l.u.) prosthesis. _V._ =prothèse=.

=prostituée=, _n.f._, prostitute.

=prostituer=, _v.a._, to prostitute.

_se_ =prostituer=, _v.r._, to prostitute one’s self.

=prostitution=, _n.f._, prostitution.

=prostration=, _n.f._, prostration.

=prostyle=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (arch.) prostyle.

=protagoniste=, _n.m._, (theat.) principal character, protagonist.

=protase=, _n.f._, protasis.

=protatique=, _adj._, protatic.

=prote=, _n.m._, (print.) overseer; (iron.) reader.

=protect-eur=, =-rice=, _n._ and _adj._, protector, protectress, patron, patroness, patronizer, fosterer; protective, patronizing, fostering. _Société —rice des animaux_; society for the prevention of cruelty to animals.

=protection=, _n.f._, protection, defense; support, patronage, influence, favor, countenance; (nav.) shelter, cover.

=protectionniste=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (com.) protectionist.

=protectorat=, _n.m._, protectorate, protectorship.

=protée=, _n.m._, Proteus.

=protégé=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, favorite, dependant; protégé; protégée.

=protéger=, _v.a._, to protect, to defend, to shield, to shelter; to patronize, to countenance, to favor. _— contre le mal_; to shield from harm.

=protestant=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, Protestant.

=protestantisme=, _n.m._, Protestantism.

=protestation=, _n.f._, protestation, protest. _— d’amitié_; profession of friendship. _Faire insérer une — dans le procès-verbal_; to enter a protest.

=protester=, _v.a._, to protest; to vow. _Je vous le proteste sur mon honneur_; I swear to you on my honor. _— une lettre de change_; to protest a bill of exchange. _Se —_; to be protested.

=protester=, _v.n._, to protest. _— de nullité_; to protest against the validity of a deed.

=protêt=, _n.m._, (com.) protest. _— faute de payement_; protest for non-payment. _Faire signifier un —_; to give notice of a protest.

=prothèse=, _n.f._, (surg.) prothesis. _— dentaire_; setting of artificial teeth.

=proto=, a prefix from Gr. πρῶτος.

=protocarbure=, _n.m._, (chem.) carburet.

=protochlorure=, _n.m._, (chem.) protochloride.

=protocole=, _n.m._, protocol; formulary, preamble.

=protonotaire=, _n.m._, protonotary.

=prototype=, _n.m._, prototype, model.

=protoxyde=, _n.m._, (chem.) protoxide.

=protubérance=, _n.f._, (anat.) protuberance.

=protubérant=, _adj._, protuberant.

=protuteur=, _n.m._, (jur.) person acting as guardian.

☉=prou=, _adv._, enough, much. _Ni peu ni —_; neither little nor much. _Peu ou —_; little or much.

=proue=, _n.f._, (nav. and poetic) prow, stem.

=prouesse=, _n.f._, prowess, valor; performance; (iron.) feat of valor.

=prouvable=, _adj._, provable.

=prouver=, _v.a._, to prove, to show; to make good, to substantiate; to be a proof of, to give proof of, to verify.

=provéditeur=, _n.m._, (Ital.) proveditore.

=provenance= (pro-vnāns), _n.f._, (com.) production, origin, source, growth; produce, goods. _En —_; proceeding, coming (from).

=provenant=, =-e= (pro-vnan, -t), _adj._, proceeding, accruing, arising.

=provençal=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, Provençal.

=provende=, _n.f._, (l.u.) provision; (agri.) provender, provisions, victuals.

=provenir= (pro-vnir), _v.n._, to spring, to accrue, to issue, to proceed, to result (from); to come, to arise (from).

=proverbe=, _n.m._, proverb, saying. _Devenir —_, _passer en —_; to become a proverb, to become proverbial.

=proverbial=, =-e=, _adj._, proverbial.

=proverbialement= (-al-mān), _adv._, proverbially.

=providence=, _n.f._, Providence (of God).

=providentiel=, =-le=, _adj._, providential.

*=provignement=, _n.m._, layering of vines; (of words) pruning (Ronsard).

*=provigner=, _v.a._, to layer vines.

*=provigner=, _v.n._, (agri.) to increase; ☉to multiply, to increase.

=provin=, _n.m._, layer (of a vine).

=province=, _n.f._, province, shire, county. _Les gens de —_; country people. _En —_; in the country, in the provinces. _Il a encore l’air de —_; he has still a countrified air.

=provincial=, _n.m._, provincial, country person; superior of a monastic fraternity.

=provincial=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, provincial, country, country-like. _Manières —es_; country manners.

=provincialat=, _n.m._, provincialship (of convents).

=provincialisme=, _n.m._, (gram.) provincialism.

=proviseur=, _n.m._, head-master, principal of a (government) college.

=provision=, _n.f._, provision, stock, store, supply; (fam.) hoard; (com.) stock on hand; provisional maintenance. _Par —_; provisionally, in the mean time. _Faire ses —s_; to provide one’s self with necessaries. _Faire sa — de bois_, _de charbon_; to take in, to lay in, one’s stock of wood, of coal, of fuel. _—s de bouche_; provisions. _—s de guerre_; ammunition. _Aller à la —_; to go marketing. _Faire — de_; to get in a supply of. _Faire la — d’une lettre de change_; (com.) to provide for a bill of exchange.

=provisionnel=, =-le=, _adj._, provisional.

=provisionnellement= (-nèl-mān), _adv._, provisionally.

=provisoire=, _n.m._, provisional state.

=provisoire=, _adj._, provisional, temporary.

=provisoirement= (-zoar-mān), _adv._, provisionally, temporarily; in the mean time.

=provisorat=, _n.m._, head-mastership, principalship.

=provocant=, _adj._, provoking, provocative; exciting, defiant, instigating.

=provocat-eur=, =-rice=, _n._ and _adj._, provoker; instigator, abettor, aggressor; provoking, instigating, abetting. _Agent —_; hired plotter, hireling.

=provocation=, _n.f._, provocation, instigation. _— en duel_; challenge to fight.

=provoquer=, _v.a._, to provoke, to incense, to call forth, to promote; to instigate; to challenge. _— des applaudissements_; to call forth applause. _— en duel_; to challenge. _— au sommeil_; to invite to sleep.

=proxénète=, _n.m._, (com.) ☉broker; pimp, pander; go-between.

=proximité=, _n.f._, proximity, nearness, near relationship. _Le théâtre est à sa —_; the theater is in his neighborhood. _Il y a — de sang entre vous et moi_; you and I are nearly related by the ties of blood. _À — de_; within a short distance of, in the neighborhood of.

=proyer=, _n.m._, (orni.) common bunting.

=prrr!= _int._, not I! not a bit of it! don’t you wish you may get it! whistle for it!

=prude=, _n.f._ and _adj._, prude; prudish.

=prudemment= (-da-mān), _adv._, prudently, discreetly, wisely, cautiously.

=prudence=, _n.f._, prudence; discretion.

=prudent=, =-e=, _adj._, prudent, cautions, discreet.

=pruderie= (pru-drî), _n.f._, prudery.

☉=prud’homie=, _n.f._, uprightness, integrity, probity; (com.) trade-arbitration.

=prud’homme=, _n.m._, skillful _or_ able person (in an art or trade); expert; ☉upright, honest man. _Conseil des —s_; council of experts.

=pruine=, _n.f._, bloom (of fruits).

=pruiné=, _adj._, covered with bloom (of fruits).

=prune=, _n.f._, plum. _— de Brignoles_; prunello. _— de Monsieur_; Orleans plum. _— sauvage_; skeg. _— de mirabelle_; mirabelle plum. _— de reine-Claude_; greengage. _— de Damas_; damson. _Couleur —_; violet color. _Ce n’est pas pour des —s_; (fig.) it is not for nothing.

=pruneau=, _n.m._, prune, dried plum; French plum.

=prunelaie= (pru-n-lè), _n.f._, plum-orchard.

=prunelle=, _n.f._, (bot.) sloe, bullace; (woolen stuff) prunella, prunello; (anat.) pupil, apple (of the eye), eye-ball. _Jouer de la —_; to cast sheep’s eyes, to ogle, to leer.

=prunellier=, _n.m._, (bot.) sloe-tree, bullace-tree.

=prunier=, _n.m._, (bot.) plum-tree.

=prurigineu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, (med.) pruriginous.

=prurit=, _n.m._, (med.) prurience, pruriency, pruritus, itching.

=prusse=, _n.f._ _Pour le roi de —_; to no purpose, in vain, for nothing.

=prussiate=, _n.m._, (chem.) prussiate.

=prussien=, =-ne= (-in, -è-n), _n._ and _adj._, Prussian.

=prussique=, _adj._, (chem.) prussic. _Acide —_; prussic acid.

=prytane=, _n.m._, (Grec. antiq.) prytanis. _pl._, prytanes.

=prytanée=, _n.m._, (Grec. antiq.) prytaneum.

=p.s.=, initial letters of _postscriptum_, P.S., postscript.

=psalmiste=, _n.m._, psalmist.

=psalmodie=, _n.f._, psalmody; sing-song.

=psalmodier=, _v.n._ and _a._, to recite, to chant, psalms; to read, to recite in a sing-song manner.

=psaltérion=, _n.m._, (mus.) psaltery.

=psammite=, _n.m._, (min.) psammite, graywacke or greywacke.

=psaume=, _n.m._, psalm.

=psautier= (-tié), _n.m._, psalter, psalm-book; (c.rel.) chaplet of 150 beads; nun’s veil.

=pseudo=, a prefix from Gr. ψεῦδος.

=pseudonyme=, _adj._, pseudonymous; under an assumed name. _n.m._, pseudonym, nom de plume; alias.

=psora= _or_ =psore=, _n.f._, (med.) psora, itch.

=psorique=, _adj._, (med.) psoric, itchy.

=psyché=, _n.f._, (myth.) Psyche; Psyche-glass, cheval-glass.

=psychique=, _adj._, psychical.

=psychologie= (-ko-), _n.f._, psychology.

=psychologique= (-ko-), _adj._, psychologic, psychological.

=psychologiste= _or_ =psychologue= (-ko-), _n.m._, psychologist.

=psylle=, _n.m._, snake-charmer.

=ptérodactyle=, _n.m._, (foss.) pterodactyl.

=ptyalisme=, _n.m._, (med.) ptyalism.

=puamment= (pu-a-mān), _adv._, stinkingly; grossly, impudently; (fig., fam.) impudently, in a barefaced manner.

=puant=, _-e_, _adj._, stinking; impudent, barefaced. _Devenir —_; to begin to stink. _Mensonge —_; impudent lie. _— menteur_; impudent liar.

=puant=, _n.m._, (pop.) stinkard.

=puanteur=, _n.f._, stink, stench, offensive smell.

=pubère=, _adj._, pubescent, of puberty.

=puberté=, _n.f._, puberty.

=pubescence=, _n.f._, (bot.) pubescence, down.

=pubescent=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) pubescent, downy.

=pubien=, =-ne= (-in, -è-n), _adj._, (anat.) pubic.

=pubis=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (anat.) of pubis; pubic. _Os —_; os pubis, pubic bone, share-bone; pubes.

=publi-c=, =-que=, _adj._, public; notorious. _Rendre —_; to make public, to publish; (of women) on the town, loose, fast. _La chose —que_; the common weal. _La partie —que_; the crown, the public prosecutor.

=public=, _n.m._, public. _En —_; publicly.

=publicain=, _n.m._, (Rom. antiq.) publican; (fig.) extortioner.

=publicateur=, _n.m._, (jur.) publisher.

=publication=, _n.f._, publication; publishing, proclamation.

=publiciste=, _n.m._, publicist.

=publicité=, _n.f._, publicity, notoriety; advertising, advertisements.

=publier=, _v.a._, to publish, to make public, to proclaim, to celebrate, to trumpet forth, to bring out, to issue. _— quelque chose sur les toits_; to proclaim anything from the house-tops, to trumpet forth anything. _— une ordonnance_; to issue an ordonnance.

=publiquement= (-blik-mān), _adv._, publicly, in public.

=puce=, _n.f._, (ent.) flea. _Herbe aux —s_; flea-bane, fleawort. _— d’eau_; water-beetle. _— de mer_; psyllus marinus. _— de terre_; earth-puceron. _Avoir la — à l’oreille_; to have a flea in one’s ear, to be uneasy, anxious. _Mettre à quelqu’un la — à l’oreille_; to give any one cause for uneasiness.

=puce=, _adj._, puce, puce-colored.

=puceau=, _n.m._, chaste youth; (iron.) spoony, simpleton.

=pucelage= (pu-slaj), _n.m._, (l.ex.) maidenhead, virginity; (mol.) cowry; (bot.) periwinkle.

=pucelle=, _n.f._, (fam.) maid, maiden, virgin; (ich.) shad. _La — d’Orléans_; the maid of Orleans (Joan of Arc).

=puceron= (pu-sron), _n.m._, (ent.) plant-louse; green-fly.

=puddlage=, _n.m._, (metal.) puddling.

=puddler= (-dlé), _v.a._, (metal.) to puddle.

=puddleur=, _n.m._, (metal.) puddler.

=pudeur=, _n.f._, bashfulness, shame; modesty, decency; discretion, reserve. _— virginale_; virgin bashfulness.

=pudibond=, =-e=, _adj._, bashful, modest.

=pudicité=, _n.f._, modesty, pudicity, chastity.

=pudique=, _adj._, chaste, modest, bashful.

=pudiquement= (-dik-mān), _adv._, chastely, purely.

=puer=, _v.n._ and _a._, to stink, to have an offensive smell; to smell of; to stink of; to be full of conceit. _Il pue le vin_; he stinks, _or_ smells, very strong of wine.

=puéril=, =-e=, _adj._, juvenile, boyish; puerile, childish.

=puérilement= (-ril-mān), _adv._, puerilely, childishly.

=puérilité=, _n.f._, puerility, childishness.

=puerpéral=, =-e=, _adj._, puerperal.

=puff= (puf, peuf), _n.m._, exaggerated statement, puff. _Faire le —_; to puff.

=puffin=, _n.m._, (orni.) puffin.

=pugilat=, _n.m._, pugilism, boxing.

=pugiliste=, _n.m._, pugilist, boxer.

=puine=, _n.m._, (forestry) wood of little value. _V._ _mort-bois_ under =bois=.

=puîné=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, younger brother; younger sister; younger.

=puis=, _adv._, then, afterwards, after that, next, besides. _Et —_; and besides, and then. _Et —?_ what then? what next? well?

=puisage=, _n.m._, drawing water, drawing up.

=puisard=, _n.m._, cesspool; sink; dip-well; (mining) sump, water-sump.

=puisatier=, _n.m._, well-sinker.

=puiser=, _v.a._, to draw, to fetch up, to take, to borrow; to imbibe; to let in. _— de l’eau à la rivière_; to draw water out of the river. _— à la source_; to go to the fountain-head. _— des opinions_; to imbibe opinions.

=puiser=, _v.n._, to draw, to borrow, to take; (nav.) to make water. _C’est un auteur qui puise partout_; he is an author who borrows from all quarters.

=puisque=, _conj._, since, seeing, seeing that, inasmuch as.

=puissamment= (-sa-mān), _adv._, powerfully, forcibly, potently; extremely, very. _Il est — riche_; he is exceedingly rich.

=puissance=, _n.f._, power; dominion, sway, empire; ability, force; faculty; influence; influential man; virtue, quality, property; (mining) thickness (of layers or lodes); (mec.) power; horse-power. _Toute-—_, (_n.p._) omnipotence, almighty power. _Haute —_; high-mightiness (title). _Cette femme est en — de mari_; that woman is under the control of her husband. _Soumettre à sa —_; to bring under one’s dominion. _Traiter de — à —_; to treat on equal terms. _— motrice_; moving power. _Les grandes —s_; the great powers.

=puissant=, =-e=, _adj._, powerful, potent, mighty; forcible, strong, lusty, stout, corpulent; wealthy, rich. _— prince_; mighty prince. _Famille —e_; influential family. _Le Tout-—_, (_n.p._) the Almighty. _Il est tout-— auprès de lui_; he can get him to do anything.

=puits= (puî), _n.m._, well, hole for water; pit, shaft; well-hole (of staircases); (nav.) well-room. _— commun_; public well. _— à pompe_; pump-well. _— à roue_; _— à poulie_; draw-well. _— artésien_; artesian well. _— perdu_; drain-well, blind-well. _— de mine_; shaft of a mine. _— d’aérage_; air-shaft. _— d’abondance_; (fig.) an inexhaustible mine. _C’est un — de science_; he is extremely learned; he is a walking dictionary, a living encyclopædia. _La vérité est au fond d’un —_; truth lies at the bottom of a well (_i.e._, has to be sought out).

=pullulation=, _n.f._, rapid increase, swarming.

=pulluler= (pul-lu-), _v.n._, to increase, to multiply, to pullulate, to swarm.

=pulmonaire=, _adj._, (anat., med.) pulmonary. _Phthisie —_; pulmonary disease, consumption.

=pulmonaire=, _n.f._, (bot.) pulmonaria, pulmonary. _Grande —_; lungwort; sage of Jerusalem, Jerusalem cowslip. _— des Français_; golden lungwort. _— de chêne_; liverwort.

=pulmonie=, _n.f._ _V._ =pneumonie=.

=pulmonique=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, consumptive.

=pulpation=, _n.f._, (pharm.) reducing to pulp, pulpation.

=pulpe=, _n.f._, pulp; pap. _— cérébrale_; (anat.) cerebral substance.

=pulper=, _v.a._, (pharm.) to reduce to pulp.

=pulpeu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, (bot.) pulpous, pulpy.

=pulsati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, (med.) pulsative, pulsatory.

*=pulsatille=, _n.f._, (bot.) pasque-flower, pulsatilla.

=pulsation=, _n.f._, beating of the pulse, pulsation; (phys.) pulse.

=pulvérat-eur=, =-rice=, _n._ and _adj._, (zoöl.) pulverulent.

=pulvérescence=, _n.f._, pulverulence.

=pulvérescent=, =-e=, _adj._, pulverulent.

=pulvérin=, _n.m._, priming powder; priming powder-horn; mist, spray (from waterfalls).

=pulvérisable=, _adj._, pulverizable.

=pulvérisateur=, _n.m._, pulverizer. _adj._, pulverizing.

=pulvérisation=, _n.f._, pulverization.

=pulvériser=, _v.a._, to reduce to powder, to grind to dust, to pulverize; to annihilate; to reduce to atoms.

=pulvérulent=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) pulverulent; easy to reduce into powder.

=puma=, _n.m._, puma, cougar (American lion).

=pumicin=, _n.m._, palm-oil.

=punais=, =-e=, _adj._, affected with ozæna.

=punaise=, _n.f._, bug; (ent.) bug; B-flat. _Couvain de —s_; nest of bugs.

=punaisie=, _n.f._, ozæna.

=punch= (ponsh), _n.m._, punch (beverage). _Offrir un — a quelqu’un_; to entertain any one.

=punique=, _adj._, punic.

=punir=, _v.a._, to punish, to chastise, to avenge. _Puni de mort_; punished with death.

=punissable=, _adj._, punishable.

=punisseur=, _n.m._ and _adj._, avenger, punisher; avenging, punishing.

=punition=, _n.f._, punishment. _Par —_; as a punishment.

=pupillaire= (-pil-lèr), _adj._, pupillary.

=pupillarité= (-pil-la-), _n.f._, (jur., l.u.) nonage, minority.

=pupille=, _n.m.f._, ward, pupil (under a guardian).

=pupille=, _n.f._, pupil, apple of the eye.

=pupitre=, _n.m._, desk, writing-desk; reading-desk.

=pur=, =-e=, _adj._, pure, genuine, unadulterated; unspotted, innocent, chaste, spotless; clean, clear, unmingled, unalloyed; mere, sheer, downright, neat (of liquor). _Une lumière —e_; a clear light. _Un ciel —_; a clear, cloudless sky. _Être en état de —e nature_; to be stark naked. _Du vin —_; wine without water, pure wine. Obligation _—e et simple_; unconditional, unqualified, absolute obligation. _C’est la —e vérité_; it is the plain, unvarnished truth. _Par —e bonté_; out of sheer kindness. _— e sottise_; downright nonsense. _Ce fruit est du poison tout —_; that fruit is downright poison. _Félicité —e_; unalloyed happiness. _Une réputation —e_; an untarnished reputation. _Une gloire —e_; unsullied glory. _Un trait —_, _un dessin —_; (drawing) a clean stroke, a clean drawing. _À — et à plein_; unreservedly, entirely. _En —e perte_; in vain, to no purpose.

=pureau=, _n.m._, part uncovered (of slates, tiles).

=purée=, _n.f._, thick soup; pea-soup; mashed potatoes.

=purement= (pur-mān), _adv._, purely, genuinely, merely, only; innocently. _— et simplement_; unconditionally; merely.

=pureté= (pur-té), _n.f._, pureness, purity, gentleness, innocence; chastity.

=purgati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, purgative, purging.

=purgatif=, _n.m._, purgative.

=purgation=, _n.f._, purgative, purge.

=purgatoire=, _n.m._, purgatory.

=purge=, _n.f._, ☉purge, cleansing. _— d’hypothèques_; (jur.) paying off of a mortgage.

=purger=, _v.a._, to purge, to purge away; to cleanse, to purify, to clear, to refine. _— un malade_; to purge a sick person. _— son bien de dettes_; to clear one’s estate of mortgages.

_se_ =purger=, _v.r._, to purge one’s self, to purify one’s self.

=purifiant=, =-e=, _adj._, purifying, cleansing.

=purificateur=, _n.m._, purificator.

=purification=, _n.f._, purification.

=purificatoire=, _n.m._, (c.rel.) purificatory.

=purifier=, _v.a._, to purify, to cleanse; to refine; to try (metal). _— le langage_; to refine the language.

_se_ =purifier=, _v.r._, to purify one’s self, to purify, to refine.

=puriforme=, _adj._, (med.) puriform.

=purin=, _n.m._, (agri.) liquid manure.

=purisme=, _n.m._, purism.

=puriste=, _n.m._, purist.

=puritain=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, Puritan.

=puritanisme=, _n.m._, Puritanism.

=purpurin=, =-e=, _adj._, purplish.

=purpurine=, _n.f._, purple, bronze.

=purulence=, _n.f._, purulence, purulency.

=purulent=, =-e=, _adj._, purulent.

=pus=, _n.m._, (med.) pus, matter.

=pusillanime= (-zil-la-), _adj._, pusillanimous, faint-hearted, chicken-hearted, cowardly.

=pusillanimité= (-zil-la-), _n.f._, pusillanimity, faint-heartedness, cowardice.

=pustule=, _n.f._, pustule, pimple, blotch, blain; (bot.) blister.

=pustulé=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) blistered.

=pustuleu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, pustulous.

=putain=, _n.f._, (l.ex.) street-walker, prostitute, strumpet.

=putasserie=, _n.f._, whoredom; whoring, wenching.

=putassier=, _n.m._, (l.ex.) one who frequents prostitutes, whoremonger.

=putati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, putative, reputed, supposed.

=putativement=, _adv._, reputedly, putatively.

=putois=, _n.m._, polecat.

=putréfaction=, _n.m._, putrefaction.

=putréfait=, =-e=, _adj._, (l.u.) putrefied.

=putréfié=, =-e=, _part._, putrefied.

=putréfier=, _v.a._, to putrefy.

_se_ =putréfier=, _v.r._, to putrefy.

=putrescible=, _adj._, putrefiable.

=putride=, _adj._, (med.) putrid.

=putridité=, _n.f._, putridity.

=pygargue=, _n.m._, erne, sea-eagle.

=pygmée=, _n.m._, pygmy, dwarf.

=pylône=, _n.m._, (antiq., arch.) porch (of Egyptian temples).

=pylore=, _n.m._, (anat.) pylorus.

=pyloride=, _n.f._, bivalve shell.

=pylorique=, _adj._, (anat.) pyloric.

=pyracanthe=, _n.f._, (bot.) pyracanth.

=pyrale=, _n.f._, (ent.) pyralis.

=pyramidal=, =-e=, _adj._, pyramidal, pyramidic, pyramidical.

=pyramidalement= (-dal-mān), _adv._, pyramidally, pyramidically.

=pyramide=, _n.f._, pyramid.

=pyramider=, _v.n._, to rise like a pyramid; to tower, to taper.

=pyrée=, _n.m._, fire-altar.

=pyrèthre=, _n.m._, (bot.) Spanish camomile, feverfew.

=pyrétologie=, _n.m._, pyretology.

=pyriforme=, _adj._ _V._ =piriforme=.

=pyrique=, _adj._, pyrotechnic, pyrotechnical.

=pyrite=, _n.f._, (min.) pyrites.

=pyriteu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, (min.) pyritic, pyritical.

=pyrolâtrie=, _n.f._, the worship of fire, pyrolatry.

*=pyroligneux=, _adj._, pyrolignous.

=pyrologie=, _n.f._, pyrology.

=pyromancie=, _n.f._, pyromancy.

=pyromètre=, _n.m._, pyrometer.

=pyrophore=, _n.m._, pyrophorus.

=pyroscaphe=, _n.m._, (nav.) steamer, steamboat.

=pyrosis=, _n.f._, (med.) pyrosis, water brash.

=pyrotechnie= (-tèk-), _n.f._, pyrotechnics, pyrotechny.

=pyrotechnique= (-tèk-), _adj._, pyrotechnic, pyrotechnical.

=pyroxène=, _n.m._, (min.) pyroxene.

=pyrrhique=, _adj._, Pyrrhic.

=pyrrhique=, _n.m._, (poet.) Pyrrhic.

=pyrrhique=, _n.f._, (antiq.) Pyrrhic (dance).

=pyrrhonien=, =-ne= (-in, -è-n), _n._ and _adj._, Pyrrhonist, Pyrrhonean; Pyrrhonic.

=pyrrhonisme=, _n.m._, Pyrrhonism.

=pythagoricien=, =-ne= (-in, -è-n), _n._ and _adj._, Pythagorean; Pythagoric, Pythagorical.

=pythagorique=, _adj._, Pythagoric, Pythagorical.

=pythagorisme=, _n.m._, Pythagorism.

=pythie=, _n.f._, (antiq.) the Pythia (priestess of Apollo).

=pythien= (-tiin), _adj._, Pythian.

=pythique=, _adj._, Pythian.

=pythiques=, _n.f.pl._, Pindarus’ odes.

=python=, _n.m._, (zoöl.) python, rock-snake.

=pythonisse=, _n.f._, (antiq.) pythoness; witch.

Q

=q=, _n.m._, the seventeenth letter of the alphabet, q.

=qu’=, contraction of Que.

=quacre=, _n.m._ _V._ =quaker=.

=quadernes= (kooa-dèrn), _n.m.pl._, two fours (backgammon).

=quadragénaire= (kooa-), _n._ and _adj._, person forty years old; of forty years of age; of forty.

=quadragésimal=, =-e= (kooa-), _adj._, quadragesimal.

=quadragésime= (kooa-), _n.f._, Quadragesima (Sunday).

=quadrangle= (kooa-), _n.m._, quadrangle.

=quadrangulaire= (kooa-), _adj._, quadrangular, four-cornered.

=quadrangulé=, =-e= (kooa-), _adj._, quadrangular.

☉=quadrat=, _adj._, (astrolog.) quadrate. _— aspect_; quartile. _V._ =quadrature=.

=quadrat=, _n.m._, (print.) quadrat. _V._ =cadrat=.

=quadrateur=, _n.m._, squarer of the circle.

=quadratin=, _n.m._, (print.) M quadrat. _Demi-—_; (print.) N quadrat. _V._ =cadratin=.

=quadratique= (kooa-), _adj._, quadratic.

=quadratoriste=, _n.m._, fresco-painter.

=quadratrice= (kooa-), _n.f._, (geom.) quadratrix.

=quadrature= (kooa-), _n.f._, (astron., geom.) quadrature; (astrolog.) quartile; (paint.) fresco-painting.

=quadrature=, _n.f._, (horl.) movement, dial-work. _V._ =cadrature=.

=quadriailé=, _adj._, four-winged.

=quadricapsulaire= (kooa-), _adj._, (bot.) quadricapsular.

=quadricorne= (kooa-), _adj._, quadricornous.

=quadridenté=, =-e= (kooa-), _adj._, (bot.) quadridentate.

=quadriennal=. _V._ =quatriennal=.

=quadrifide= (kooa-), _adj._, (bot.) quadrifid, four-cleft.

=quadrige= (kooa-), _n.m._, (antiq.) quadriga.

=quadrijumeaux= (kooa-), _adj.m.pl._, (anat.) quadrigemina. _Tubercules —_; corpora quadrigemina.

=quadrilatéral=, _adj._, quadrilateral.

=quadrilatère= (kooa-), _n.m._, (geom.) quadrilateral.

*=quadrillage=, _n.m._, pavement of square stones, flags.

*=quadrille=, _n.f._, troop of horse (in a tournament).

=quadrille=, _n.m._, (card game, mus., dancing) quadrille; check, square, lozenge.

=quadrillé=, _adj._, (of cloths) checkered, plaid; (of paper) ruled both ways, in squares.

=quadrillion= (kooa-), _n.m._, a thousand billions.

=quadrilobé=, =-e= (kooa-), _adj._, (bot.) quadrilobate.

=quadriloculaire= (kooa-), _adj._, (bot.) quadrilocular.

=quadrinôme= (kooa-), _n.m._, (alg.) quadrinomial.

=quadriparti=, =-e= (kooa-), _adj._, (bot.) quadripartite.

=quadripartition= (kooa-), _n.f._, (l.u.) quadripartition.

=quadriphylle= (kooa-), _adj._, (bot.) quadriphyllous.

=quadrirème= (kooa-), _n.m._, quadrireme.

=quadrisyllabe= (kooa-dri-sil-lab), _n.m._, quadrisyllable.

=quadrivalve= (kooa-), _adj._, (bot.) quadrivalve, quadrivalvular.

=quadrumane= (kooa-), _n.m._ and _adj._, (mam.) quadruman; quadrumanous.

=quadrupède= (kooa-), _n.m._ and _adj._, quadruped; four-footed; quadruped.

=quadruple= (kooa-), _n.m._ and _adj._, quadruple, fourfold; (Spanish coin) doubloon.

=quadruple=, _n.f._, Spanish gold coin worth 85 francs, about $16.50.

=quadrupler= (kooa-), _v.a._, to quadruple, to quadruplicate; to increase fourfold.

=quadrupler=, _v.n._, to be quadrupled; to increase fourfold.

=quai=, _n.m._, quay, wharf. _Droit de —_; wharfage.

=quaiage=, _n.m._ _V._ =quayage=.

=quaiche=, _n.f._, (nav.) ketch.

=quaker= _or_ =quacre= (kooa-kr), _n.m._, quaker.

=quakeresse= (kooa-kres), _n.f._, quakeress.

=quakérisme= (kooa-), _n.m._, quakerism.

=qualifiable=, _adj._, that can be called, named, styled, described, termed.

=qualificateur=, _n.m._, (c.rel.) qualificator.

=qualificati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, (gram.) qualifying.

=qualificatif=, _n.m._, (gram.) qualificative.

=qualification=, _n.f._, title, name; character, nature, qualification.

=qualifié=, =-e=, _part._, qualified, called, named. _Vol —_; robbery with aggravated circumstances.

=qualifier=, _v.a._, to qualify, to call; to entitle, to style, to name. _— quelqu’un de fourbe_; to call any one a knave.

_se_ =qualifier=, _v.r._, to call one’s self, to style one’s self.

=qualité=, _n.f._, quality; property; qualification, accomplishment; title, rank. _Il n’a pas les —s requises pour ce poste_; he is not qualified to fill that position. _En — de_; in the capacity of, in the character of, as. _Avoir — pour_; to be qualified to. _Avoir de la —_; to be of good quality.

=quand=, _adv._, when, whenever, what time, what period; while, whilst. _Depuis —?_ since when? _Depuis — est-il arrivé?_ since when has he arrived, _or_ how long has he been here? _Jusqu’à —?_ or _jusques à —?_ how long? till when?

=quand=, _conj._, though, although. _— même_; though, although, even if. _— même elle voudrait_; even if she were willing. _— même_; in spite of everything; through thick and thin; at any price. _— bien même_; even though. _— je le disais!_ didn’t I tell you so! what did I say! _Je le ferai — même_; I shall do it just the same, or in spite of you, etc.

=quant à=, _adv._, with regard to, as to, as for, concerning, respecting. _— à cela_; as for that. _Se mettre sur son —-à-soi_, _sur son —-à-moi_; to stand on one’s dignity. _Tenir_, or _se tenir sur_, _son —-à-soi_, or _son —-à-moi_; to assume a proud and reserved air.

=quantes=, _adj.f.pl._, only employed in the two phrases: _Toutes fois et —_, _toutes et — fois que_; whenever, as often as, (com.) on demand.

=quantième=, _n.m._, day (of the month). _Quel est le — du mois?_ what day of the month is it?

=quantitati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, quantitative.

=quantité=, _n.f._, quantity; variety; deal, number, multitude, abundance, plenty, lot.

=quantum= (koo-an-tom), _n.m._, (_—s_) quantum.

=quarantaine=, _n.f._, about forty; age of forty; quarantine. _Faire la —_; to perform quarantine. _Lever la —_; to admit to pratique. _Purger sa —_; to clear one’s quarantine. _Mettre en —_; to put into coventry.

=quarante=, _n.m._ and _adj._, forty. _Les —_; the members of the French Academy, the forty immortals. _Remettre à l’an —_; to put off till doomsday. _Je m’en moque comme de l’an —_; I don’t care two straws about it.

=quarantie= (-tî), _n.f._, tribunal of the forty (at Venice).

=quarantième= (-tièm), _n.m.f._ and _adj._, fortieth.

=quarderonner=, _v.a._, (arch.) to round off.

=quarre=, =quarré=, =quarreau=, =quarrément=, =quarrer=, =quarrure=. _V._ =carre=, =carré=, etc.

=quart= (kar), _n.m._, quarter, fourth; point (of the compass); quart (measure); (nav.) watch. _Un — d’heure_; a quarter of an hour. _Médire du tiers et du —_; to speak ill of everybody. _— de cercle_; quadrant. _Officier de —_; (nav.) officer of the watch. _Faire son —_; to do one’s watch. _— de nuit_; night-watch. _Faire bon —_; to keep a good lookout. _Le premier —_; the starboard-watch. _Bon —!_ (nav.) all’s well! _— de vent_; point of the compass. _Le — d’heure de Rabelais_; the moment of payment; the crucial moment. _Les trois —s du temps_; generally, most frequently.

=quart=, =-e=, _adj._, fourth; (med.) quartan. _Fièvre —e_; quartan ague, quartan.

=quartaine=, _adj.f._, (pop.) quartan. _Fièvre —_; quartan ague.

=quartan=, _n.m._, (hunt.) fourth year (of wild boars).

=quartanier=, _n.m._, wild boar four years old.

=quartation=, _n.f._, (metal.) quartation.

=quartaut=, _n.m._, octave (cask).

=quarte=, _n.f._, (mus.) fourth; (fenc.) quarte; (piquet) quart; ☉half gallon.

=quartenier=, _n.m._, local police officer.

=quarteron=, _n.m._, =-ne=, _n.f._, quadroon, quateron.

=quarteron=, _n.m._, the fourth part of a pound, _or_ of a hundred. _Demi-—_; the eighth part of a pound, _or_ of a hundred.

=quartidi= (koo-ar-), _n.m._, Quartidi (fourth day of the decade in the calendar of the first French republic).

=quartier= (-tié), _n.m._, quarter, fourth part; piece, part; block; quarter (of a town, of the moon); ward; district; neighborhood; flap (of a saddle); gammon (of bacon); block (of stone); (arch., her., milit., vet.) quarter; descent; study, form (in schools). _pl._, quarters. _Un — de lard_; half a flitch of bacon. _— de soulier_; quarter of a shoe. _— général_; (milit.) headquarters. _Elève du troisième —_; pupil of the third form. _De —_; (milit.) on duty. _Demander —_; to beg for quarter, for mercy. _Il ne donne point de — à ses débiteurs_; he is eternally dunning his debtors. _On n’y fait — à personne_; they spare nobody there.

=quartier-maître=, _n.m._, (_—s-—s_) (milit., nav.) quartermaster, second-class petty officer.

=quarto=. _V._ =in-quarto=.

=quarto= (kooar-to), _adv._, fourthly, in the fourth place.

=quartz= (kooar-tz), _n.m._, (min.) quartz.

=quartzeu-x=, =-se= (kooa-), _adj._, (min.) quartzose, quartzy.

=quasi=, _n.m._, (cook.) thick end of a loin of veal; chump, chump end.

=quasi=, _adv._, (fam.) almost, nearly; quasi.

=quasi-contrat=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) (jur.) quasi contract, implied contract.

=quasi-délit=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) (jur.) injury caused involuntarily.

=quasiment=, _adv._, almost, nearly, as you would say.

=quasimodo=, _n.f._, (c.rel.) Quasimodo, hunchback (in V. Hugo’s _Notre Dame_). _Dimanche de la —_; Low Sunday.

=quassia= (kooa-), _n.f._, (pharm.) quassia.

=quassier= (kooa-sié), _n.m._, (bot.) stavewood, quassia.

=quater=, _n.m._, C (numeration of houses). _V._ =ter=.

=quaternaire= (kooa-), _adj._, quaternary.

=quaterne=, _n.m._, quaternary; four winning numbers (_V._ =quine=).

=quaterné=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) quaternate.

=quatorze=, _n.m._ and _adj._, fourteen, fourteenth.

=quatorzième=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, fourteenth, fourteenth day.

=quatorzièmement=, _adv._, fourteenthly.

=quatrain=, _n.m._, quatrain.

=quatre=, _adj._, four, fourth. _Un de ces — matins_; one of these fine days. _Marcher à — pattes_; to go upon all fours. _Être tiré à — épingles_; to look as if one had just come out of a bandbox. _— à —_; four to four, four abreast; four steps at a time, in great haste, at a furious rate; (in games) four all.

=quatre=, _n.m._, four; fourth. _Se mettre en — pour quelqu’un_; to go through fire for any one. _Crier comme —_; to cry out lustily. _Faire le diable à —_; to kick up a terrible shindy; to exert one’s self to the utmost. _On le tenait à —_; it needed four men to hold him. _Je me tenais à — pour ne pas ..._; it was as much as I could do not to ... _Travailler comme —_; to work like a nigger.

=quatre-temps=, _n.m.pl._, Ember-days.

=quatre-vingtième=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, eightieth.

=quatre-vingts=, _adj._, eighty. _— millions_; eighty millions. _Ils étaient —_; there were eighty of them. _Quatre-vingt-un_; eighty-one. _Quatre-vingt-dix_; ninety. _Quatre-vingt-dix-neuf_; ninety-nine. [_Quatre-vingts_ takes no _s_ when it precedes another number. It likewise takes no _s_ when used in dates of the Christian era: _L’an mil sept cent quatre-vingt_; the year 1780.]

=quatrième=, _n.m._ and _adj._, fourth; fourth floor; pupil of the fourth class.

=quatrième=, _n.f._ and _adj._, fourth; fourth class (in schools); (piquet) quart.

=quatrièmement=, _adv._, fourthly.

=quatriennal=, =-e= (-è-n-nal), _adj._, quadrennial.

=quatrillion= (kooa-), _n.m._ _V._ =quadrillion=.

=quatuor= (kooa-), _n.m._, (_—_) (mus.) quartet, quartette.

=quayage=, _n.m._, wharfage, keyage.

=que=, _relative pron._, whom, that, which, what. _Qu’est-ce — c’est?_ what is it? _— dites-vous?_ what do you say? _— dit-on de nouveau?_ what news have you to tell us? _Il ne sait — faire_; he does not know what to do. _L’homme — vous voyez_; the man whom you see.

=que=, _conj._, that; how; how much, how many; if; as, when; unless, without; till, until; yet; lest, for fear that; in order that, for; before; since; so; than; let; because; why; only, nothing but. _J’avoue — cela est surprenant_; I confess that this is very surprising. _Afin —_; that, in order that. _De sorte —_; so that. _S’il le souhaite, et — vous le vouliez_; if he desires it, and you also wish it. _Je ne serai point content — je ne le sache_; I shall never rest content until I know it. _Attendez qu’il vienne_; wait till he comes. _Il me verrait périr, qu’il n’en serait pas touché_; even if he were to see me perish, he would not be in the least concerned. _Approchez, — je vous embrasse_; draw near, (in order) that I may kiss you. _N’approchez pas de ce chien, de peur qu’il ne vous morde_; do not go near that dog, lest he should bite you. _Il n’y a qu’une heure qu’il est parti_; he left but an hour ago. _On le régala — rien n’y manquait_; they treated him in such a way that nothing was wanting. _À peine eut-il achevé de parler qu’il expira_; he had hardly done speaking, when he expired. _Le mari est plus raisonnable — la femme_; the husband is more reasonable than the wife. _Plutôt — de le faire_; rather than do it. _Tout savant qu’il est, il a bien peu de jugement_; learned as he is, he has very little judgment. _C’est à la cour qu’on apprend à flatter_; it is at court one learns to flatter. _Qu’il parle_; let him speak. _Je vous assure — cela est ainsi_; I assure you that it is so. _Je doute — cela soit ainsi_; I doubt whether it is so. _C’est une passion dangereuse — le jeu_; gambling is a dangerous passion. _C’est être sage — de vivre ainsi_; it is acting like a wise man to live so. _C’est en vain — je me fatigue_; it is in vain that I toil and moil. _C’est — je ne savais pas — vous y étiez_; the fact is I did not know that you were there. _Il y a dix ans — je l’aime_; I have loved her these last ten years. _Je ne suis pas si fou — de le croire_; I am not such a fool as to believe it. _Il est tout autre — vous ne disiez_; he is quite different from what you said. _— Dieu vous bénisse_; God bless you. _— j’agisse contre ma conscience!_ ask me to act against my conscience! _— vous aimez à parler!_ how fond you are of talking! _Qu’elle est grande!_ how tall she is! _Qu’il y a de sots dans le monde!_ what a lot of fools there are in the world! _Le malheureux qu’il est!_ wretch that he is! _— ne parlez-vous?_ why do you not speak? _— ne fait-il pas pour s’enrichir?_ what does he not do to grow rich? _— ne puis-je vous rendre service!_ would to God that I could serve you! _— n’ai-je le temps!_ oh, that I had the time! _Je ne sors point — je ne m’enrhume_; I never go out without catching cold. _Je n’ai — faire de_; I have no business with, I have nothing to do with; I have no need of. _Je n’ai — faire de vous dire_; I need not tell you. _Il ne fait — boire et manger_; he does nothing but eat and drink. _Nous ne faisons — de commencer_; we are only just beginning. _Je dis — oui_; I say yes. _Il croit — non_; he thinks not. _Je gage — si_; I bet you it is so. _Allez, sot — vous êtes_; go, blockhead that you are. _Le moyen — je souffre cela?_ how can I bear that? _Ce n’est pas trop — cela_; that’s not too much. _Ce — c’est que la vie!_ what a strange thing life is! _La belle chose — d’être riche!_ how nice it is to be rich!

=quel=, =-le=, _adj._, what. _— homme est-ce?_ what sort of a man is he? _—le heure est-il?_ what o’clock is it? _—le pitié!_ what a pity! _le taille!_ what a figure! _—le que soit votre intention_; whatever your intention may be. _— qu’il soit_; whatever he be, whoever he be, whatever it is. _Tel —_; indifferent, so so.

=quelconque=, _adj._, whatever, any; any whatsoever. _D’une manière —_; in any way whatever, anyhow. _Une raison —_; any reason whatever.

☉=quellement= (kèl-mān), _adv._ _Tellement —_; indifferently, so so.

=quelque=, _adj._, some, any, a few, odd; whatever, whatsoever. _Adressez-vous à — autre_; apply to somebody else. _— jour_; some day or other. _Il y a —s années_; some years ago. _J’ai —s amis dans cette ville_; I have a few friends in this town. _— part_; somewhere. _— peu d’argent_; some little money. _—s efforts que vous fassiez_; whatever efforts you make. _En — lieu qu’il soit_; wherever he is. _En — temps que ce soit_; at any time.

=quelque=, _adv._, however, howsoever; some, about. _— riches qu’ils soient_; however rich they may be. _— centaines de livres_; a few hundred pounds. _— cent francs_; about a hundred francs.

=quelquefois=, _adv._, sometimes.

=quelques-uns=, _n.m.pl._, =-unes=, _n.f.pl._, some, some people; any; a few.

=quelqu’un=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, somebody, some one; anybody, any one.

=quémander=, _v.n._, to beg, to beg for, to go a-begging, to solicit.

=quémanderie=, _n.f._, begging, solicitation.

=quémandeu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, importunate beggar.

=qu’en-dira-t-on=, _n.m._, (_n.p._) public talk, tittle-tattle. _Se moquer du —_; to ignore what people say.

=quenelle=, _n.f._, (cook.) forcemeat ball.

=quenotte=, _n.f._, (fam.) tooth (of young children).

*=quenouille=, _n.f._, distaff; bed-post; tree cut in the form of a distaff. _— de lit_; bedpost. _A —s_; four-post. _En —_; like a distaff. _Tomber en —_; to fall to the female line. _Coiffer une —_; to cover a distaff.

*=quenouillée=, _n.f._, distaff-ful.

*=quenouillette=, _n.f._, a small distaff; (bot.) distaff-thistle. _—s de la poupe_; (nav.) stern-timbers.

=quérable=, _adj._, (jur.) demandable (of a debt).

=quercitron=, _n.m._, (bot.) quercitron.

=querelle=, _n.f._, quarrel, quarreling, row, brawl, broil, wrangling. _— d’Allemand_; groundless quarrel. _Faire une — à_; to quarrel with. _Chercher — à_; to pick a quarrel with. _Vider une —_; to settle a quarrel. _Susciter une — à_; to raise a quarrel. _Ne pas épouser une —_; not to take up any one’s quarrel.

=quereller=, _v.a._, to quarrel with, to pick a quarrel with, to scold.

_se_ =quereller=, _v.r._, to quarrel, to wrangle, to have words.

=quereller=, _v.n._, to quarrel, to wrangle.

=querelleu-r=, =-se=, _adj._ and _n._, quarrelsome; quarreler, wrangler.

☉=quérir=, _v.a._, to fetch. [Only employed in the infinitive with _aller_, _envoyer_, _venir_.] _Aller —_; to go and fetch. _Envoyer —_; to send for.

=questeur= (kuès-), _n.m._, questor.

=question= (kès-tion), _n.f._, question, interrogation; query, rack, torture; point, issue; (jur.) issue; question (torture). _Faire une —_; to ask a question. _De quoi est-il —?_ what’s the matter? _Résoudre une —_; to solve a question. _Sortir de la —_; to wander from the question. _Si c’est une — à faire_; if it is a fair question. _Il est — de_; it is in contemplation to (_i.e._ intended to). _Après cela il fut — de moi_; then my affair came up. _Mettre en —_; to question; to call in question, to doubt. _Mettre à la —_; to put to the rack, to torture.

=questionnaire= (kès-tio-nèr), _n.m._, examination questions; book of questions; torturer, tormentor.

=questionner= (kès-tio-né), _v.a._, to question, to interrogate; to ask questions.

=questionneu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, questioner, querist. _adj._, inquisitive.

=questure= (kuès-), _n.f._, questorship; questors’ office.

=quête=, _n.f._, quest, search, collection, offertory, gathering; (hunt.) beating about; (nav.) rake. _Se mettre en — de_; to go in quest of.

=quêter=, _v.a._ and _n._, to go in quest, _or_ search, of; to gather _or_ collect; to beg, _or_ ask, for; to make a collection; to canvass; (hunt.) to search.

=quêteu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, collector, gatherer, mendicant (friar).

=queue= (keû), _n.f._, tail; stalk, stem; (l.u.) hone; hogshead; end, extremity; rear; (of documents) label; billiard-cue; handle (of a frying-pan, of mills); train (of robes, gowns); file, string (of persons). _—-d’aronde_, (_—s-—_) (carp.) dovetail. _—-de-chat cirrus_; curl-cloud; mare’s tail. _— écourtée_; bobtail. _—-de-cheval_, (_—s-—_) (bot.) horse-tail. _—-de lion_, (_—s-—_) (bot.) lion’s-tail; motherwort. _—-de-pourceau_; (bot.) hog’s-fennel. _Demi-—_, (_—s-—_) half a hogshead. _La — d’un paon_; a peacock’s train. _La — d’une robe_; the train of a gown. _— de moulin_; mill-handle. _— de poêle_; handle of a frying-pan. _La — de l’armée_; the rear of the army. _Avoir les ennemis en —_; to have the enemy at one’s heels. _Il est à la —_; he is behind, at the bottom of the class. _Faire —_; to stand in a line. _Faire la — à_; to take in, to deceive. _On fait — au théâtre_; there is a crowd at the doors. _À —-d’aronde_; (carp.) dovetailed. _À la — leu leu_, _V._ =leu=. _Faire fausse —_; to miscue (billiards).

=queussi-queumi=, _adv._, neither more nor less, neither better nor worse, just the same.

=queuter=, _v.n._, to strike two balls at once, _or_ together; to make a foul stroke.

=queux= _or_ =queue= (keû), _n.f._, hone, whetstone.

☉=queux=, _n.m._, cook. _Grand —_, _maître —_; head cook; restaurateur.

=qui=, _relative pron._, who, whoever, whom, whomsoever, which, that; what; some. _L’homme — pense_; the man who thinks. _Les chevaux — tirent_; the horses that draw. _De — parle-t-il?_ whom is he speaking of? _À — est ce livre?_ whose book is this? _Dites-moi —_; tell me who. _Je ne sais pas —_; I don’t know who. _C’est à — l’aura_; it is to who will have it. _C’était à —_; they vied with one another as to who. _— pis est_; what is worse. _— plus est_; what is more. _Je sais — vous voulez dire_; I know whom you mean. _— est là?_ who’s there? _— d’entre vous oserait?_ which of you would dare? _Ils étaient dispersés — çà, — là_; they were dispersed some one way, some another. _— que ce soit_, _— que ce puisse être_; whoever, whosoever it be. _Je n’ai vu — que ce soit_; I saw nobody, not a soul. _Il ne se défiait de — que ce fût_; he mistrusted nobody. _— que ce soit, il s’en repentira_; let him be who he will, he shall rue it. _À — est-ce à?_ whose turn is it to? _À — est?_ whose is? _or_ to whom is? _À — le tour?_ whose turn is it? _Pour — connaît_; to any one who knows. _— s’excuse, s’accuse_; a guilty conscience needs no accuser.

=quia= (kui-a), _adv._, (l.u.) naught. _Être à —_; to be at a loss, to be at a stand, to be nonplused. _Mettre à —_; to nonplus, to silence.

=quibus= (kui-bus), _n.m._, (pop.) property, wealth, needful cash, tin. _Avoir du —_; to be flush of money.

=quiconque= (ki-kōnk), pron., whoever, whosoever; whomsoever, whichever.

=quida-m= (ki-dān), _n.m._, =-ne= (ki-da-n), _n.f._, (jur.) quidam; a certain individual; a certain person, one, some fellow.

=quiddité= (kuid-di-té), _n.f._, quiddity.

=quiescence=, _n.f._, quiescence.

=quiescent=, =-e= (kui-), _adj._, quiescent.

=quiétisme=, _n.m._, quietism (the doctrine of).

=quiétiste=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, quietist.

=quiétude=, _n.f._, quietude.

*=quignon=, _n.m._, (fam.) hunch (large piece).

☉*=quillage=, _n.m._, keelage. _V._ =ancrage=.

*=quille=, _n.f._, skittle, nine-pin; (nav.) keel. _Jeu de —s_; game of skittles, set of skittles; skittle-ground _or_ alley. _Donner à quelqu’un son sac et ses —s_; to send any one packing. _Recevoir quelqu’un comme un chien dans un jeu de —s_; to receive any one like a dog. _Trousser ses —s_; to cut one’s sticks.

*=quiller=, _v.n._, to throw for partners, _or_ for first play (at skittles).

*=quillette=, _n.f._, osier cutting.

*=quillier=, _n.m._, skittle-ground.

*=quilloir=, _n.m._, (nav.) reel-stick.

*=quillon=, _n.m._, cross-bar (of a sword).

=quina=, _n.m._ _V._ =quinquina=.

=quinaire=, _n.m._, (antiq.) quinarius.

=quinaire= (kui-), _adj._, (math.) quinary.

☉=quinaud=, =-e=, _adj._ _V._ =penaud=.

*=quincaille=, _n.f._, ironmongery, hardware; (fig.) trash, gimcrack.

*=quincaillerie=, _n.f._, ironmongery, hardware.

*=quincaillier=, _n.m._, ironmonger, hardwareman.

=quinconce=, _n.m._, quincunx.

=quindécagone= (kuin-), _n.m._, (geom.) quindecagon.

=quindécemvir= (kuin-dé-sèm-vir), _n.m._, quindecemvir.

=quindécemvirat=, _n.m._, quindecemvirate.

=quine=, _n.m._, two fives (trictrac); five winning numbers (in a lottery). _Avoir la —_; to be in for (anything). _Gagner la —_; to win the big prize.

=quinine=, _n.f._, quinine.

=quinola=, _n.m._, knave of hearts (reversi).

=quinquagénaire= (kuin-koua-), _n.m.f._ and _adj._, person fifty years old; fifty years old.

=quinquagésime= (kuin-koua-), _n.f._, Quinquagesima.

☉=quinque= (kuin-kué), _n.m._, (mus.) quintet.

=quinquédenté=, =-e= (kuin-kué-), _adj._, (bot.) quinquedentate.

=quinquennal=, =-e= (kuin-kuèn-nal), _adj._, quinquennial.

☉=quinquennium=, _n.m._, (_n.p._) a five years’ course of philosophy and theology.

=quinquenove=, _n.m._, a game at dice.

=quinquerce= (kuin-kuèrs), _n.m._, (antiq.) quinquertium.

=quinquérème= (kuin-kué-), _n.f._, (nav.) quinquereme.

=quinquet=, _n.m._, Argand lamp; lamp, common oil lamp.

=quinquina=, _n.m._, quinquina; Peruvian bark; (bot.) cinchona; tonic wine, appetizer.

=quint=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (l.u.) fifth. _Charles-—_; Charles the Fifth. _Sixte-—_; Sixtus the Fifth.

=quintaine=, _n.f._, (man.) quintain.

=quintal=, _n.m._, quintal, hundred-weight.

=quintan=, _n.m._, (man.) quintain (to tilt at).

=quintane=, _adj._, quintan, of five days (of fevers).

=quinte=, _n.f._, (mus.) fifth; quint (piquet); fit (of coughing); freak, whim; (fenc.) quinte; tenor violin; (man.) dead stop.

=quinte=, _adj.f._, of five days (of fevers). _Fièvre —_; a five-day fever. _V._ =quintane=.

*=quintefeuille=, _n.f._, (bot.) cinque-foil.

=quintessence=, _n.f._, quintessence; marrow; (fig.) pith; essential part.

=quintessencier=, _v.a._, to draw the quintessence out of; to refine, to be critical; to subtilize.

=quintette= (kuin-tèt), _n.m._, (mus.) quintet, quintette.

=quinteu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, fanciful, whimsical; crotchety; making dead stops, jibbing (of a horse).

=quintidi= (kuin-), _n.m._, Quintidi (fifth day of the decade in the calendar of the first French republic).

=quintillion=, _n.m._, trillion.

=quintuple= (kuin-), _n.m._ and _adj._, quintuple, fivefold.

=quintupler= (kuin-), _v.a._, to quintuple, to increase fivefold.

=quinzain=, _n.m._, fifteen each (at tennis).

=quinzaine=, _n.f._, about fifteen; fortnight.

=quinze=, _n.m._ and _adj._, fifteen; fifteenth. _— jours_; fortnight. _D’aujourd’hui en —_; this day fortnight. _Il y a eu hier — jours_; yesterday fortnight. _Il y a eu Dimanche — jours_; last Sunday fortnight. _De Lundi en —_; next Monday fortnight. _Les —-vingts_; Quinze-Vingts, hospital in Paris (for three hundred blind men). _Un —-vingts_; an inmate of Quinze-Vingts.

=quinzième=, _n.m._ and _adj._, fifteenth; fifteenth day; (mus.) fifteenth.

=quinzièmement=, _adv._, fifteenthly, in the fifteenth place.

=quiproquo=, _n.m._, (_—s_) quid pro quo, mistake, blunder.

=quittance=, _n.f._, receipt, discharge. _— pour solde de compte_; receipt in full.

=quittancer=, _v.a._, to receipt.

=quitte=, _adj._, discharged (from debt); quit, quits, clear; free, rid. _Jouer à — ou double_; to play double or quits. _Tenir —_; to release, to disengage. _Je suis — d’un grand embarras_; I am rid of a great deal of trouble. _Je vous tiens — de votre parole_; I release you from your word. _Vous n’en serez pas — à si bon marché_; you shall not come off so cheaply. _Il en fut — pour la peur_; he got off with a good fright. _J’irai — à être grondé_; I shall go, even if I get scolded. _Être — envers quelqu’un_; to owe no one anything; to be even with any one.

=quittement=, _adv._, (jur.) entirely, without debt or incumbrance.

=quitter=, _v.a._, to quit, to leave, to part with; to leave off, to take off; to lay aside, to desist from; to give up, to give over; to depart (life). _Je vous quitte pour un instant_; I leave you for a moment. _— père et mère_; to leave father and mother. _— ses habits_; to take off one’s clothes. _— une charge_; to give up a post. _J’aime mieux — que disputer_; I would rather give up than wrangle (over it). _Il a quitté le service_; he has left the service. _— le commerce_; to give up business. _— la chasse_; to give up hunting. _— la partie_; to give up the game. _Qui quitte la partie la perd_; who leaves off the game, loses. _Ne pas — des yeux_; not to take one’s eyes off.

=quitus= (kui-tus), _n.m._, (_—_) (fin.) discharge.

=qui va là?= _or_ =qui-va-là=, _n.m._, who goes there? _Avoir réponse à —_; to be stopped by no difficulty; to have an answer always ready.

=qui vive?= _or_ =qui-vive=, _n.m._, (milit.) challenge-word; who goes there? _Être sur le —_; to keep a good look-out; to be on the qui vive, _or_ on the alert.

=quoailler=, _v.n._, (of a horse) to swish its tail.

=quoi=, _pron._, which, what. _— que vous disiez_; whatever you may say, in short, to speak plainly; of course, to be sure. _Dites-moi en — je puis vous servir_; tell me in what way I can serve you. _C’est en — vous vous trompez_; you are mistaken in that. _À — passez-vous le temps?_ how do you spend your time? _À — bon tant de façons?_ why so much ceremony? _À propos de —?_ on what occasion? with respect to what? _Avoir de —_; (pop.) to be rich. _Il n’y a pas de —_; it is not worth mentioning; don’t mention it! _— qu’il en soit_; be that as it may. _Nous avons de — le faire_; we have the means to do it. _Avoir de —_; to have sufficient. _Il n’y a pas de — pleurer_; it is not worth crying about. _Il n’y a pas de — rire_; it is no laughing matter. _Le je ne sais —_; the “indescribable” something.

=quoi!= _int._, what! how! _—, vous avez fait cela?_ what! have you done that? _— donc, vous osez me résister en face!_ how then! dare you resist me openly?

=quoi-que=, _conj._, whatever.

=quoique=, _conj._, although, though. _Quoiqu’il soit pauvre_; although he is poor.

=quolibet=, _n.m._, quibble, pun, sorry joke.

=quote-part=, _n.f._, (_—s-—s_) quota, portion, share, contribution.

=quotidien=, =-ne= (-in, -è-n), _adj._, daily, quotidian. _Notre pain —_; our daily bread; (fig.) our daily custom, our daily round.

=quotidiennement=, _adv._, daily.

=quotient=, _n.m._, (arith.) quotient.

=quotité=, _n.f._, quota, portion, share.

R

=r= (èr), _n.f._, (re), _n.m._, the eighteenth letter of the alphabet, r.

=rabâchage=, _n.m._, tautology; tiresome repetition; rigmarole.

=rabâcher=, _v.n._ and _a._, (fam.) to make tiresome repetitions, to repeat the same thing over and over again.

=rabâcherie= (-bâ-shrî), _n.f._, eternal repetition.

=rabâcheu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, eternal repeater; twaddler.

=rabais=, _n.m._, abatement, reduction, diminution; reduced price, allowance, fall; lowest tender. _Vendre_, _donner_, _au —_; to sell at reduced prices. _Être au —_; to have fallen in price. _Il les a pris au —_; he has taken them by contract. _Vente au —_; selling off, sale.

=rabaissement= (-bès-mān), _n.m._, fall, depreciation, diminution in value; (fig.) humiliation, contempt.

=rabaisser=, _v.a._, to lower; to abate, to diminish, to lessen; to depreciate, to humble; to disparage; to bring down, to put down. _— sa voix_; to lower one’s voice. _— les monnaies_; to depreciate the coin. _— les taxes_; to lower the taxes. _— l’orgueil de quelqu’un_; to humble any one’s pride.

=raban=, _n.m._, (nav.) rope-band, gasket, knittle.

=rabanner=, _v.a._, (nav.) to fit a sail with rope-bands and earings.

=rabat=, _n.m._, band (for the neck), bands; end of the roof (of a tennis-court); beating about (for game).

=rabat-joie=, _n.m._, (_—_) damper, wet blanket, mar-joy, spoil-sport. _C’est un —_; he is a regular wet blanket, _or_ spoil-sport.

=rabattage=, _n.m._, cutting down, pressing down.

=rabattre=, _v.a._, to bring down, to lower, to beat down, to pull _or_ cut down, to turn _or_ press down, to lay; to abate, to diminish, to deduct; to humble; to revoke. Le vent rabat la fumée; the wind beats down the smoke. _— un coup_; to ward off a blow. _Il n’en veut rien —_; he won’t abate an inch of it, he won’t come down a peg. _— l’orgueil de quelqu’un_; to bring down _or_ lower any one’s pride. _— le gibier_; to beat up the game. _En —_; to take off; (fig.) to come down a peg or two. _— le caquet à quelqu’un_; to take any one down a peg.

_se_ =rabattre=, _v.r._, to beat down; to turn off, to change one’s road; to fall back upon, to come down, to lower one’s pretensions; to limit one’s self.

=rabattre=, _v.n._, to turn under; to turn off; to change (one’s) direction or route.

=rabattue=, _n.f._, (nav.) drift-rail.

=rabbaniste=, _n.m._ _V._ =rabbiniste=.

=rabbi= _or_ =rabbin=, _n.m._, rabbi, rabbin. _Grand —_; chief rabbi.

=rabbinage=, _n.m._, rabbinism.

=rabbinique=, _adj._, rabbinical.

=rabbinisme=, _n.m._, rabbinism.

=rabbiniste= _or_ =rabbaniste=, _n.m._, rabbinist.

=rabdologie=, _n.f._, rhabdology.

=rabdomancie= _or_ ☉=rabdomance=, _n.f._, rhabdomancy.

=rabes=, _n.f.pl._, hard roe (of cod).

=rabêtir=, _v.a._ and _n._, to stupefy; to make dull, _or_ stupid; to grow dull, _or_ stupid.

=rabette=, _n.f._, rape; rape-seed.

=rabiole=, _n.f._ _V._ =rave=.

=rabique= _or_ =rabeique=, _adj._, (med.) hydrophobic; of rabies, rabid.

=râble=, _n.m._, back of a hare, _or_ rabbit; (tech.) rake, poker, stirrer; (b.s.) back (of a person).

=râbler=, _v.a._, to rake, to poke, to scrape.

=râblu=, =-e=, _adj._, thick-backed (of a hare, _or_ rabbit); (pers.) broad-backed, strong-backed; (fig.) hardy, vigorous.

=râblure=, _n.f._, (nav.) rabbet, channel. _— de la quille_; rabbet of the keel.

_se_ =rabonnir=, _v.r._, to improve.

=rabot=, _n.m._, plane; beater (to move lime); road-scraper. _Passer le — sur_; to plane, to polish.

=rabotage=, _n.m._, (carp.) planing.

=raboter=, _v.a._ and _n._, to plane, to smooth with a plane; to polish.

=raboteur=, _n.m._, planer, molding-worker.

=raboteu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, knotty, rough; rugged, cragged, craggy; uneven, (fig.) harsh, jagged (of style). _Un chemin —_; an uneven road.

=rabougri=, =-e=, _part._, stunted. _Un petit homme —_; a small, stunted fellow _or_ man.

=rabougrir=, _v.a._, to stunt.

_se_ =rabougrir=, _v.r._, to become, _or_ grow, stunted.

*=rabouillère=, _n.f._, rabbit’s nest, _or_ hole; (fig.) corner, spot (in Rabelais).

=raboutir=, _v.a._, to piece, to join end to end, to join on.

=rabrouer=, _v.a._, to snub, to pull up short; to chide, to rebuke.

=rabroueu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, snappish person, scold.

=racage=, _n.m._, (nav.) parrel. _Pommes de —_; trucks of a parrel. _Bigots de —_; ribs of a parrel. _Bâtard de —_; parrel-rope. _Drosse de —_; parrel-truss.

=racahout=, _n.m._, (_n.p._) racahout (a nutritious fecula).

*=racaille=, _n.f._, rabble, riffraff; rubbish, trash.

=racambeau=, _n.m._, (nav.) traveler, jib-iron.

=racastillage=, _n.m._, (nav.) repair of the upper works.

=racastiller=, _v.a._, to repair the upper works (of a vessel).

=raccommodage=, _n.m._, mending, repairing, darning.

=raccommodement= (-mod-mān), _n.m._, reconciliation, reconcilement.

=raccommoder=, _v.a._, to mend, to repair; to piece, to patch, to botch; to adjust, to set right; to improve, to correct; to reconcile, to make friends again; to darn. _Faire — quelque chose_; to have anything mended. _On les a raccommodés_; they have been reconciled.

_se_ =raccommoder=, _v.r._, to be mended; (of persons) to be reconciled; to make it up again. _Le mari et la femme se sont raccommodés_; the husband and wife are friends again, _or_ have made it up again.

=raccommodeu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, mender, patcher.

=raccord=, _n.m._, joining, fitting, junction; union; piece, patch.

=raccordement=, _n.m._, (arch.) leveling; union, junction; mending, patching.

=raccorder=, _v.a._, to join, to unite, to adjust, to connect, to level; to piece, to patch; (of instruments) to tune again.

=raccourci=, =-e=, _part._, shortened, abbreviated; too short. _À bras —s_; with might and main.

=raccourci=, _n.m._, epitome, abridgment, short cut; (paint.) foreshortening. _En —_; abridged, briefly; (persp.) foreshortened; (fig.) in miniature. _Prendre au —_; to take a short cut.

=raccourcir=, _v.a._, to shorten, to make shorter; to contract, to bend; to curtail; to abbreviate, to abridge; (persp.) to foreshorten.

_se_ =raccourcir=, _v.r._, to shorten; to grow, _or_ become, shorter; to contract one’s self; to shrink.

=raccourcir=, _v.n._, to shorten; to become shorter; to shrink, to contract.

=raccourcissement= (-sis-mān), _n.m._, shortening, contraction, curtailment, abridgment; shrinking; foreshortening.

=raccours=, _n.m._, shrinking.

=raccoutrement=, _n.m._, mending (of clothes).

=raccoutrer=, _v.a._, to mend, to sew up.

_se_ =raccoutumer=, _v.r._, to reaccustom one’s self (to), to get used (to) again.

=raccroc= (ra-kro), _n.m._, chance, lucky hit; (at billiards) fluke. _Coup de —_; lucky stroke, fluke.

=raccrocher=, _v.a._, to hook again; to hang up again; to recover, to get again, to get hold of, to pick up. _Raccrochez ce tableau_; hang up this picture again. _— son argent_; to recover one’s money. _Si je pouvais — cela!_ if I could only bring that off! _Raccroché à Londres_; (of persons) picked up in London.

_se_ =raccrocher=, _v.r._, to cling; to adhere; to retrieve one’s losses, to recover one’s self; to catch, _or_ snatch, at. _Se — à une chose_; to cling to anything.

=raccrocher=, _v.n._, to fluke. _Il ne fait que —_; he does nothing but fluke.

=raccrocheuse=, _n.f._, (pop.) street-walker.

=race=, _n.f._, race; stock, breed; family, line, ancestry; (agri.) variety. _Un cheval de —_; a thorough-bred horse. _Ce chien est de bonne —_; this dog is of a good breed, is pure-bred. _Croiser les —s_; to cross the breeds. _— de vipères_; generation of vipers. _La — future_; future ages. _Les bons chiens chassent de —_; it runs in the blood. _Cette fille chasse de —_; that girl is a flirt like her mother. _Faire —_; to breed.

=rachat=, _n.m._, repurchase, redemption, recovery, ransom. _Vendre à faculté de —_; to sell with power of redemption. _— de bans_; (marriage) license.

=rachetable= (rash-tabl), _adj._, redeemable.

=racheter= (rash-té), _v.a._, to buy back, to buy again, to repurchase; to ransom, to buy off, to redeem; to compensate, to make up for; to atone, to atone for. _— une rente_; to redeem an annuity. _— les prisonniers_; to ransom the prisoners. _— ses vices par ses vertus_; to atone for one’s vices by one’s virtues.

_se_ =racheter=, _v.r._, to redeem one’s self; to be compensated, to be made up for.

=racheu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, knotty (of wood).

=rachever= (rash-vé), _v.a._, (pop.) to finish (anything begun).

=rachidien=, =-ne= (-in, -èn), _adj._, (anat.) spinal, vertebral.

=rachis= (ra-shis), _n.m._, (anat.) spinal, vertebral column, spine; (bot.) stalk.

=rachitique=, _adj._, (med.) rickety; (bot.) blighted, stunted, knotty.

=rachitique=, _n.m.f._, rickety person, person suffering from rickets.

=rachitis= (-tis), _n.m._, rachitis; rickets.

=rachitisme=, _n.m._, rachitis; rickets; (agri.) white blight.

=racinage=, _n.m._, esculent roots, root-crops; (dy.) walnut dye (of walnut peel).

=racinal=, _n.m._, (carp.) beam, sleeper; sole; sill.

=racine=, _n.f._, root; (fig.) beginning, principle, origin. _Fruits pendants par les —s_; standing crops. _— carrée_; (arith.) square root. _— cubique_; cube root. _Prendre —_; to take root.

=raciner=, _v.n._, to strike root.

=raciner=, _v.a._, to dye with roots, to root-figure.

=racinien=, =-ne=, _adj._, Racinian, of _or_ after Racine.

=rack=, _n.m._, arrack, rack (liquor). _V._ =arack=.

=râclage=, _n.m._, scraping, thinning.

=râcle=, _n.f._, (nav.) scraper (used to clean a ship’s side, deck, etc.).

=râcle-boyau=, _n.m._, (_—_) catgut-scraper, fiddler.

=râclée=, _n.f._, scraping; (pop.) beating, drubbing, whacking, thrashing, hiding.

=râcler=, _v.a._, to scrape, to scrape off; to strike (a measure); to strum, to thrum. _— le boyau_; to scrape the fiddle.

=râcleur=, _n.m._, catgut-scraper; strummer (on the piano, etc.).

=râcloir=, _n.m._, scraper, road-scraper.

=râcloire=, _n.f._, strike (of measures).

=râclon=, _n.m._, scraped-mud (for manure).

=râclure=, _n.f._, scrapings.

=racolage=, _n.m._, recruiting, enlisting, crimping, impressing.

=racoler=, _v.a._, to entice men to enlist, to crimp, to enlist; (fig.) to pick up.

=racoleur=, _n.m._, crimp; recruiting sergeant.

=racontable=, _adj._, relatable.

=racontage= _or_ =racontar=, _n.m._, gossip, tittle-tattle, idle tales.

=raconter=, _v.a._, to relate, to tell, to narrate, to recount.

=raconteu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, relater, story-teller, narrator.

=racornir=, _v.a._, to make as hard as horn; to make hard, to harden; to dry up, to shrivel, to shrivel up.

_se_ =racornir=, _v.r._, to grow hard, to harden; to shrivel, to shrivel up, to dry up.

=racornissement= (-nis-mān), _n.m._, hardening, shriveling, drying up.

=racquit=, _n.m._, winning back.

=racquitter=, _v.a._, to win back again; to indemnify, to recoup.

_se_ =racquitter=, _v.r._, to win back again; to retrieve one’s losses, to recoup one’s self.

=rade=, _n.f._, (nav.) roads, roadstead. _— foraine_; open roadstead. _Grande —_; outer roads. _Petite —_; inner roads. _Vaisseau en —_; roadster. _Aller en —_; to go into the roads.

=radeau=, _n.m._, raft.

=rader=, _v.a._, (nav.) to anchor in a roadstead; to strike (a measure). _— un vaisseau_; to anchor a ship in a roadstead.

=radeur=, _n.m._, salt-measurer.

=radiaire=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (zoöl.) radiary; radiated. _—s_; radiata.

=radial=, =-e=, _adj._, (anat., geom.) radial.

=radiance=, _n.f._, radiance, radiancy; luster.

=radiant=, =-e=, _adj._, radiant.

=radiation=, _n.f._, radiation, irradiation; obliteration, erasure, crossing out, striking out.

=radical=, =-e=, _adj._, radical.

=radical=, _n.m._, radical; root.

=radicalement= (-kal-mān), _adv._, radically.

=radicalisme=, _n.m._, radicalism.

=radicant=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) radicant.

=radication=, _n.f._, radication.

=radicelle=, _n.f._, (bot.) radicle.

=radicule=, _n.f._, (bot.) radicle.

=radié=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) radiant, radiated, stellated; (her.) radiant.

=radier=, _n.m._, (arch.) inverted arch; floor (of a lock on a canal); apron (of docks, of basins); radish-plate.

=radier=, _v.a._, to strike out, to cross out.

=radieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, radiant, beaming, shining, blazing.

=radiomètre=, _n.m._, (astron.) radiometer.

=radis=, _n.m._, radish.

=radius= (-us), _n.m._, (anat.) radius.

=radoire=, _n.f._, strike (of measures).

=radotage=, _n.m._, nonsense, idle talk, drivel; dotage.

=radoter=, _v.n._, to rave, to dote, to talk idly, to wander, to talk drivel.

=radoterie= (ra-do-trî), _n.f._ _V._ =radotage=.

=radoteu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, dotard, driveler. _Vieille —se_; trifling old woman.

=radoub= (-doob), _n.m._, (nav.) repair, refitting of a ship, graving. _Cale de —_; graving slip. _Forme de —_; graving dock. _Vaisseau en —_; ship undergoing repairs. _Mettre au —_; to lay up (a vessel).

=radouber=, _v.a._, (nav.) to refit, to repair, to recalk.

_se_ =radouber=, _v.r._, (nav.) to be repaired.

=radoubeur=, _n.m._, (nav.) calker.

=radouci=, _part._ _adj._, softened, subdued.

=radoucir=, _v.a._, to soften, to make milder, to appease, to pacify, to mitigate, to allay.

_se_ =radoucir=, _v.r._, to soften, to grow milder, to become milder, to get milder; to grow soft, to become soft, to get soft; to subside, to be appeased, to be pacified; to relent, to relax, to soften down. _Le temps se radoucit_; it is getting milder _or_ better weather.

=radoucissement= (-sis-mān), _n.m._, softening, getting milder (of the weather); mitigation, allaying, appeasement, improvement.

=rafale=, _n.f._, (nav.) squall.

=rafalé=, _adj._, caught in a squall; (pop. & fig.) hard up, up a tree.

=raffe=, _n.f._ _V._ =rafle=.

=raffermir=, _v.a._, to harden, to make firm; to fasten; to establish, to confirm, to settle, to secure, to fortify, to strengthen. _Cet événement raffermit son autorité_; that event strengthened his authority. _— le courage de quelqu’un_; to give heart to any one.

_se_ =raffermir=, _v.r._, to grow stronger, to gather strength; to be established, to become established, to consolidate; to be confirmed, to become confirmed; to improve. _Sa santé se raffermit_; his health is improving.

=raffermissement= (-mis-mān), _n.m._, hardening, strengthening; confirmation, establishment, fastening, securing, consolidation, improvement.

=raffinade=, _n.f._, best refined sugar.

=raffinage=, _n.m._, refining.

=raffiné=, _n.m._, fashionable rake.

=raffiné=, =-e=, _adj._, refined, delicate; keen, sharp, subtle, clever, consummate.

=raffinement= (ra-fi-n-mān), _n.m._, refinement, affected nicety.

=raffiner=, _v.a._, to refine.

_se_ =raffiner=, _v.r._, to refine, to be refined, to become refined.

=raffiner=, _v.n._, to refine. _— sur le point d’honneur_; to be over-nice upon the point of honor.

=raffinerie= (ra-fi-n-rî), _n.f._, refinery; sugar-refinery, refining.

=raffineur=, _n.m._, refiner. _— de sucre_; sugar-refiner, sugar-baker.

=raffoler=, _v.n._, to dote (upon), to be passionately fond (of), to be distractedly in love (with). _Il raffole de cette femme_; he is madly in love, _or_ infatuated, with that woman.

=raffolir=, _v.n._, (l.u.) to become mad, to go mad. _V._ =affoler=.

=rafistolage=, _n.m._, patching up, mending.

=rafistoler=, _v.a._, (fam.) to mend clothes, to patch up, to make new.

=rafle=, =raffe=, _or_ =râpe=, _n.f._, grape-stalk stripped of all its fruit; (dice) pair-royal. _Faire —_; (fam.) to sweep off the stakes; to sweep off everything, to make a clean sweep.

=rafler=, _v.a._, (fam.) to sweep away, to sweep off, to carry off.

☉=raflouer=, _v.a._, (nav.). _V._ =renflouer=.

=rafraîchir=, _v.a._, to cool; to refresh, to restore, to invigorate, to repair, to recruit, to renew, to freshen, to freshen up, to renovate, to rub up, to crop, to cut, to trim (cut the ends of); (milit.) to relieve; to rest. _— du vin_; to cool wine. _— le sang_; to refresh the blood. _— un tableau_; to clean up, or freshen up, a picture. _— une tapisserie_; to restore a piece of tapestry. _— les cheveux_; to clip the hair. _— la mémoire_; to refresh one’s memory. _— une muraille_; to repair a wall. _— une place_; to supply a garrison with fresh men and provisions. _Ces troupes sont fatiguées, il faut les mettre dans de bons quartiers pour les —_; these troops are worn out, they must be sent into good quarters to rest. _— la mémoire à quelqu’un_; to remind any one of a thing.

_se_ =rafraîchir=, _v.r._, to cool, to grow cool, to become cool; to take refreshment, to refresh one’s self; to be refreshed; to recruit one’s self; to recruit one’s strength, to rest one’s self. _Venez vous rafraîchir_; come and take some refreshment. _Le vent se rafraîchit_; the wind is freshening.

=rafraîchir=, _v.n._, to cool, to become cool; to be refreshing.

=rafraîchissant=, =-e=, _adj._, cooling, refreshing, refrigerative.

=rafraîchissant=, _n.m._, (med.) cooling medicine.

=rafraîchissement= (-shis-mān), _n.m._, cooling; cooling effect. _pl._, refreshments; provisions, supplies. _Faire les —s_; (nav.) to take in fresh provisions.

=rafraîchisseur=, _adj._, cooling, refrigerative.

=rafraîchissoir=, _n.m._, cooler, refrigerator.

*=ragaillardir=, _v.a._, to make merry, to render merry, to render cheerful, to enliven, to cheer, to cheer up, to give a fillip to.

=rage=, _n.f._, (med.) rage, fury, incensement; mania; rabies, hydrophobia, canine madness, mania, inveterate habit. _Ecumer de —_; to foam with rage. _Avoir la —_; to be mad (of animals). _— de dents_; violent tooth-ache; (pop.) ravenous hunger. _Il a la — d’écrire_; he has a mania for writing, he will write at any price. _Il l’aime à la —_; he loves her to distraction. _Il a la — du jeu_; he has a passion for gambling. _Faire —_; to be quite or all the rage; to cause great disorder, great havoc; to do one’s utmost. _Dire — de quelqu’un_; to say all imaginable harm of any one. _Quand on veut noyer son chien, on dit qu’il a la —_; (prov.) give a dog a bad name and hang him.

=rager=, _v.n._, (fam.) to be in a passion; to sulk, to be angry, to fume.

=rageu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, ill-tempered person; spitfire.

=ragot=, _n.m._, (hunt.) solitary wild boar; (fig.) silly talk, twaddle.

=ragot=, =-e=, _adj._, dumpy, thick and short; thick set; squat (animal).

=ragoût=, _n.m._, (cook.) ragout; stew; hash. _Faire un —_; to make a stew. _En —_; stewed.

=ragoûtant=, =-e=, _adj._, relishing, savory; inviting, tempting. _Morceau —_; tit-bit. _Ce mets-là n’est guère —_; that dish is not very tempting.

=ragoûter=, _v.a._, to restore the appetite; to quicken, to stimulate, to stir up.

_se_ =ragoûter=, _v.r._, to recover one’s appetite.

=ragrafer=, _v.a._, to clasp again, to re-clasp, to hook again.

=ragrandir=, _v.a._, to enlarge again; to enlarge.

_se_ =ragrandir=, _v.r._, to be enlarged again; to become larger.

=ragréage=, _n.m._, (nav.) refitting.

=ragréer=, _v.a._, (arch.) to finish, to finish off, to give the finishing touch to; to restore, to renovate, to do up; to repair; to pare again (trees), to prune; (nav.) to rig anew, to refit. _— un ouvrage de menuiserie_; to finish a piece of joiner’s work. _— une branche d’arbre_; to prune a branch of a tree.

_se_ =ragréer=, _v.r._, (nav.) to be repaired; to obtain fresh rigging.

=ragrément=, _n.m._, finishing, finishing off; restoration, renovation, doing up; pruning, reparing (of trees); (nav.) refitting.

=ragué= (ra-ghé), _adj._, (nav.) chafed, rubbed, galled.

_se_ =raguer=, _v.r._, (nav.) to chafe, to gall.

=raguet=, _n.m._, (pisc.) codling.

=raïa=, _n.m._, rajah, raja.

=raide=, _adj._, stiff, rigid; tight; inflexible, stern; tough; steep; swift, rapid; (nav.) taught. _— de froid_; stiff with cold. _Peau —_; tough skin. _Montagne —_; steep mountain. _— comme une barre de fer_; as stiff as a poker. _Se tenir —_; to stand stiff. _Vol —_; rapid flight. _Le cours de la rivière est —_; the current of the river is very swift. _— comme balle_; in no time, in a jiffy.

=raide=, _adv._, quickly, swiftly; vigorously; tightly; toughly.

=raideur=, _n.f._, stiffness, rigidity; inflexibility; tightness; toughness; steepness; swiftness, velocity.

*=raidillon=, _n.m._, ascent; hillock.

=raidir=, _v.a._, to stiffen, to render inflexible, to render rigid; to tighten; to toughen; (nav.) to haul taught.

_se_ =raidir=, _v.r._, to stiffen; to become, to grow, to get stiff; to become inflexible, to get inflexible; to bear up against (fig.), to resist; to harden one’s self (against); to withstand; to bristle up; to toughen.

=raidir=, _v.n._, to stiffen; to become, to grow, to get, stiff; to tighten; to toughen.

=raie=, _n.f._, line, stroke; streak, stripe; (of hair) parting; (agri.) furrow; (ich.) ray, skate. _À —s_; striped. _Faire sa —_; to