Book II

. p. 43, and VII. p. 219.

Page 81, line 517--'_Herr Hartmann von Aue_.' Hartmann von Aue was a famous German poet of the twelfth century. If not absolutely the first to introduce the Arthurian legends into Germany (Eilhart's _Tristan_ is earlier than Hartmann's works), he was the writer who first rendered them popular in that country. His principal poems are _Erec_, written about 1191; and _Iwein_ 1202, both of which are frequently referred to by Wolfram. They were founded on two poems by Chrêtien de Troyes, _Erec_ and _Le Chevalier au Lyon_, but Hartmann was not a mere translator; he handled his materials with considerable skill, and with an insight into the characters and motives of his _dramatis personæ_ which is distinctly a feature of the German presentment of these legends. Enid and her mother Karnafite are characters in the _Erec_. The story of another of Hartmann's poems, _Der arme Heinrich_, is well known to English readers through Longfellow's version of it in _The Golden Legend_.

Page 82, line 534--'_No Kurwenal was his teacher_.' Kurwenal is the friend and tutor of Tristan. In Malory we find the name 'Gouvernail,' and it seems probable that here again we have a term denoting an office converted into a proper name.

Page 82, line 549--'_Ither of Gaheviess_.' Ither = Welsh _Idêr_; Gaheviess = _gas-vies_, old wood. Chrêtien calls him '_de la forêt de Kinkerloi_.'

Page 82, line 544--'_The Red Knight_.' This character is evidently one of the traditional features of the story; though the circumstances of the meeting differ, there is no version without its 'Red Knight.' In those romances of the Grail-cycle in which Perceval has been deposed from his original position as hero in favour of Galahad, we find the latter wearing the armour, and bearing the title, of the Red Knight. Here again Wolfram is the only writer who names him, but it is somewhat startling to find the king of _Cumberland_ claiming _Brittany_. From

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