Part 17

_#_Budget: revenues $17.1 billion; expenditures $16.8 billion, including capital expenditures of $1.5 billion (1991)

_#_Exports: $14.4 billion (f.o.b., 1989);

commodities--machinery and equipment 42.7%; fuels, minerals, and metals 16.4%; agricultural and forestry products 12.5%, other 28.4%;

partners--USSR, GDR, Poland, Hungary, FRG, Yugoslavia, Austria, Bulgaria, Romania, US

_#_Imports: $14.3 billion (f.o.b., 1989);

commodities--machinery and equipment 38.6%; fuels, minerals, and metals 24.1%; agricultural and forestry products 16.4%; other 20.9%;

partners--USSR, GDR, Poland, Hungary, FRG, Yugoslavia, Austria, Bulgaria, Romania, US

_#_External debt: $7.6 billion, hard currency indebtedness (September 1990)

_#_Industrial production: growth rate - 3.3% (1990 est.); accounts for almost 50% of GDP

_#_Electricity: 23,000,000 kW capacity; 90,000 million kWh produced, 5,740 kWh per capita (1990)

_#_Industries: iron and steel, machinery and equipment, cement, sheet glass, motor vehicles, armaments, chemicals, ceramics, wood, paper products, footwear

_#_Agriculture: accounts for 7% of GNP (includes forestry); largely self-sufficient in food production; diversified crop and livestock production, including grains, potatoes, sugar beets, hops, fruit, hogs, cattle, and poultry; exporter of forest products

_#_Economic aid: donor--$4.2 billion in bilateral aid to non-Communist less developed countries (1954-89)

_#_Currency: koruna (plural--koruny); 1 koruna (Kc) = 100 haleru

_#_Exchange rates: koruny (Kcs) per US$1--27.65 (January 1991), 17.95 (1990), 15.05 (1989), 14.36 (1988), 13.69 (1987), 14.99 (1986), 17.14 (1985)

_#_Fiscal year: calendar year

_*_Communications _#_Railroads: 13,103 km total; 12,855 km 1.435-meter standard gauge, 102 km 1.520-meter broad gauge, 146 km 0.750- and 0.760-meter narrow gauge; 2,861 km double track; 3,798 km electrified; government owned (1988)

_#_Highways: 73,540 km total; including 517 km superhighway (1988)

_#_Inland waterways: 475 km (1988); the Elbe (Labe) is the principal river

_#_Pipelines: crude oil, 1,448 km; refined products, 1,500 km; natural gas, 8,100 km

_#_Ports: maritime outlets are in Poland (Gdynia, Gdansk, Szczecin), Yugoslavia (Rijeka, Koper), Germany (Hamburg, Rostock); principal river ports are Prague on the Vltava, Decin on the Elbe (Labe), Komarno on the Danube, Bratislava on the Danube

_#_Merchant marine: 24 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 363,002 GRT/ 565,813 DWT; includes 15 cargo, 6 bulk

_#_Civil air: 47 major transport aircraft

_#_Airports: 158 total, 158 usable; 40 with permanent-surface runways; 19 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 37 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

_#_Telecommunications: 4 million telephones; 25% of households have a telephone; stations--60 AM, 16 FM, 39 TV (11 Soviet TV relays); 4.4 million TVs (1990)

_*_Defense Forces _#_Branches: Czechoslovak People's Army, Air and Air Defense Forces, Civil Defense, Border Guard

_#_Manpower availability: males 15-49, 4,066,419; 3,110,958 fit for military service; 140,620 reach military age (18) annually

_#_Defense expenditures: 26.9 billion koruny, NA% of GDP (1991); note--conversion of defense expenditures into US dollars using the official administratively set exchange rate would produce misleading results _%_ _@_Denmark _*_Geography _#_Total area: 43,070 km2; land area: 42,370 km2; includes the island of Bornholm in the Baltic Sea and the rest of metropolitan Denmark, but excludes the Faroe Islands and Greenland

_#_Comparative area: slightly more than twice the size of Massachusetts

_#_Land boundaries: 68 km with Germany

_#_Coastline: 3,379 km

_#_Maritime claims:

Contiguous zone: 4 nm;

Continental shelf: 200 m (depth) or to depth of exploitation;

Exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm;

Territorial sea: 3 nm

_#_Disputes: Rockall continental shelf dispute involving Iceland, Ireland, and the UK (Ireland and the UK have signed a boundary agreement in the Rockall area); Denmark has challenged Norway's maritime claims between Greenland and Jan Mayen

_#_Climate: temperate; humid and overcast; mild, windy winters and cool summers

_#_Terrain: low and flat to gently rolling plains

_#_Natural resources: crude oil, natural gas, fish, salt, limestone

_#_Land use: arable land 61%; permanent crops NEGL%; meadows and pastures 6%; forest and woodland 12%; other 21%; includes irrigated 9%

_#_Environment: air and water pollution

_#_Note: controls Danish Straits linking Baltic and North Seas

_*_People _#_Population: 5,132,626 (July 1991), growth rate NEGL% (1991)

_#_Birth rate: 12 births/1,000 population (1991)

_#_Death rate: 11 deaths/1,000 population (1991)

_#_Net migration rate: NEGL migrants/1,000 population (1991)

_#_Infant mortality rate: 6 deaths/1,000 live births (1991)

_#_Life expectancy at birth: 73 years male, 79 years female (1991)

_#_Total fertility rate: 1.6 children born/woman (1991)

_#_Nationality: noun--Dane(s); adjective--Danish

_#_Ethnic divisions: Scandinavian, Eskimo, Faroese, German

_#_Religion: Evangelical Lutheran 91%, other Protestant and Roman Catholic 2%, other 7% (1988)

_#_Language: Danish, Faroese, Greenlandic (an Eskimo dialect); small German-speaking minority

_#_Literacy: 99% (male NA%, female NA%) age 15 and over can read and write (1980 est.)

_#_Labor force: 2,581,400; private services 36.4%; government services 30.2%; manufacturing and mining 20%; construction 6.8%; agriculture, forestry, and fishing 5.9%; electricity/gas/water 0.7% (1990)

_#_Organized labor: 65% of labor force

_*_Government _#_Long-form name: Kingdom of Denmark

_#_Type: constitutional monarchy

_#_Capital: Copenhagen

_#_Administrative divisions: metropolitan Denmark--14 counties (amter, singular--amt) and 1 city* (stad); Arhus, Bornholm, Frederiksborg, Fyn, Kobenhavn, Nordjylland, Ribe, Ringkobing, Roskilde, Sonderjylland, Staden Kobenhavn*, Storstrom, Vejle, Vestsjaelland, Viborg; note--see separate entries for the Faroe Islands and Greenland which are part of the Danish realm and self-governing administrative divisions

_#_Independence: became a constitutional monarchy in 1849

_#_Constitution: 5 June 1953

_#_Legal system: civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

_#_National holiday: Birthday of the Queen, 16 April (1940)

_#_Executive branch: monarch, heir apparent, prime minister, Cabinet

_#_Legislative branch: unicameral Parliament (Folketing)

_#_Judicial branch: Supreme Court

_#_Leaders:

Chief of State--Queen MARGRETHE II (since January 1972); Heir Apparent Crown Prince FREDERIK, elder son of the Queen (born 26 May 1968);

Head of Government--Prime Minister Poul SCHLUTER (since 10 September 1982)

_#_Political parties and leaders: Social Democratic, Svend AUKEN; Conservative, Poul SCHLUTER; Liberal, Uffe ELLEMANN-JENSEN; Socialist People's, Holger K. NIELSEN; Progress Party, Pia KJAERSGAARD; Center Democratic, Mimi Stilling JAKOBSEN; Radical Liberal, Marianne JELVED; Christian People's, Flemming KOTOED-SVENDSEN; Left Socialist, Elizabeth BRUN-OLESEN; Justice, Poul Gerhard KRISTIANSEN; Socialist Workers Party, leader NA; Communist Workers' Party (KAP), leader NA; Common Course, Preben Moller HANSEN; Green Party, Inger BORLEHMANN

_#_Suffrage: universal at age 21

_#_Elections:

Parliament--last held 12 December 1990 (next to be held by December 1994); results--Social Democratic 37.4%, Conservative 16.0%, Liberal 15.8%, Socialist People's 8.3%, Progress Party 6.4%, Center Democratic 5.1%, Radical Liberal 3.5%, Christian People's 2.3%, other 5.2%; seats--(175 total; includes 2 from Greenland and 2 from the Faroe Islands) Social Democratic 69, Conservative 30, Liberal 29, Socialist People's 15, Progress Party 12, Center Democratic 9, Radical Liberal 7, Christian People's 4

_#_Member of: AfDB, AG (observer), AsDB, BIS, CCC, CE, CERN, COCOM, CSCE, EBRD, EC, ECE, EIB, ESA, FAO, G-9, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LORCS, NATO, NC, NEA, NIB, OECD, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIIMOG, UNMOGIP, UNTSO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO

_#_Diplomatic representation: Ambassador Peter Pedersen DYVIG; Chancery at 3200 Whitehaven Street NW, Washington DC 20008; telephone (202) 234-4300; there are Danish Consulates General at Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, and New York;

US--Ambassador Keith L. BROWN; Embassy at Dag Hammarskjolds Alle 24, 2100 Copenhagen O (mailing address is APO New York 09170); telephone [45] (31) 42 31 44

_#_Flag: red with a white cross that extends to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side and that design element of the Dannebrog (Danish flag) was subsequently adopted by the other Nordic countries of Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden

_*_Economy _#_Overview: This modern economy features high-tech agriculture, up-to-date small-scale and corporate industry, extensive government welfare measures, comfortable living standards, and high dependence on foreign trade. The Danish economy is likely to maintain its slow but steady improvement in 1991. GDP grew by 1.3% in 1990 and probably will grow by about 1.25% in 1991; unemployment is running close to 10%. In 1990 Denmark had the lowest inflation rate in the EC, a record trade surplus, and the first balance-of-payments surplus in 26 years. As the government prepares for the economic integration of Europe during 1992, growth, investment, and competitiveness are expected to improve, reducing unemployment, inflation, and debt.

_#_GDP: $78.0 billion, per capita $15,200; real growth rate 1.3% (1990)

_#_Inflation rate (consumer prices): 2.7% (1990)

_#_Unemployment rate: 9.5% (1990)

_#_Budget: revenues $62.5 billion; expenditures $60 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA billion (1989)

_#_Exports: $34.8 billion (f.o.b., 1990);

commodities--meat and meat products, dairy products, transport equipment, fish, chemicals, industrial machinery;

partners--EC 52.2% (Germany 19.5%, UK 10.9%, France 6.1%), Sweden 12.5%, Norway 5.8%, US 5.0%, Japan 4.3% (1990)

_#_Imports: $31.6 billion (c.i.f., 1990);

commodities--petroleum, machinery and equipment, chemicals, grain and foodstuffs, textiles, paper;

partners--EC 57% (Germany 25.6%, UK 8.4%), Sweden 12.7%, US 6.7% (1990)

_#_External debt: $45 billion (1990)

_#_Industrial production: growth rate 2.1% (1989)

_#_Electricity: 11,215,000 kW capacity; 30,910 million kWh produced, 6,030 kWh per capita (1989)

_#_Industries: food processing, machinery and equipment, textiles and clothing, chemical products, electronics, construction, furniture, and other wood products

_#_Agriculture: accounts for 5% of GNP and employs 6% of labor force (includes fishing and forestry); farm products account for nearly 15% of export revenues; principal products--meat, dairy, grain, potatoes, rape, sugar beets, fish; self-sufficient in food production

_#_Economic aid: donor--ODA and OOF commitments (1970-89) $5.9 billion

_#_Currency: Danish krone (plural--kroner); 1 Danish krone (DKr) = 100 ore

_#_Exchange rates: Danish kroner (DKr) per US$1--5.817 (January (1991), 6.189 (1990), 7.310 (1989), 6.732 (1988), 6.840 (1987), 8.091 (1986), 10.596 (1985)

_#_Fiscal year: calendar year

_*_Communications _#_Railroads: 2,675 km 1.435-meter standard gauge; Danish State Railways (DSB) operate 2,025 km (1,999 km rail line and 121 km rail ferry services); 188 km electrified, 730 km double tracked; 650 km of standard-gauge lines are privately owned and operated

_#_Highways: 66,482 km total; 64,551 km concrete, bitumen, or stone block; 1,931 km gravel, crushed stone, improved earth

_#_Inland waterways: 417 km

_#_Pipelines: crude oil, 110 km; refined products, 578 km; natural gas, 700 km

_#_Ports: Alborg, Arhus, Copenhagen, Esbjerg, Fredericia; numerous secondary and minor ports

_#_Merchant marine: 281 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 4,888,064 GRT/7,131,949 DWT; includes 13 short-sea passenger, 85 cargo, 15 refrigerated cargo, 35 container, 40 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 1 railcar carrier, 37 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 14 chemical tanker, 22 liquefied gas, 4 livestock carrier, 14 bulk, 1 combination bulk; note--Denmark has created its own internal register, called the Danish International Ship Register (DIS); DIS ships do not have to meet Danish manning regulations, and they amount to a flag of convenience within the Danish register; by the end of 1990, 258 of the Danish-flag ships belonged to the DIS

_#_Civil air: 69 major transport aircraft

_#_Airports: 129 total, 112 usable; 27 with permanent-surface runways; none with runways over 3,659 m; 9 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 7 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

_#_Telecommunications: excellent telephone, telegraph, and broadcast services; 4,509,000 telephones; stations--2 AM, 15 (39 repeaters) FM, 27 (25 repeaters) TV; 7 submarine coaxial cables; 1 earth station operating in INTELSAT, 4 Atlantic Ocean, EUTELSAT, and domestic systems

_*_Defense Forces _#_Branches: Royal Danish Army, Royal Danish Navy, Royal Danish Air Force

_#_Manpower availability: males 15-49, 1,369,684; 1,179,991 fit for military service; 36,991 reach military age (20) annually

_#_Defense expenditures: $2.4 billion, 2% of GDP (1990) _%_ _@_Djibouti _*_Geography _#_Total area: 22,000 km2; land area: 21,980 km2

_#_Comparative area: slightly larger than Massachusetts

_#_Land boundaries: 517 km total; Ethiopia 459 km, Somalia 58 km

_#_Coastline: 314 km

_#_Maritime claims:

Contiguous zone: 24 nm;

Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm;

Territorial sea: 12 nm

_#_Disputes: possible claim by Somalia based on unification of ethnic Somalis

_#_Climate: desert; torrid, dry

_#_Terrain: coastal plain and plateau separated by central mountains

_#_Natural resources: geothermal areas

_#_Land use: arable land 0%; permanent crops 0%; meadows and pastures 9%; forest and woodland NEGL%; other 91%

_#_Environment: vast wasteland

_#_Note: strategic location near world's busiest shipping lanes and close to Arabian oilfields; terminus of rail traffic into Ethiopia

_*_People _#_Population: 346,311 (July 1991), growth rate 2.6% (1991)

_#_Birth rate: 43 births/1,000 population (1991)

_#_Death rate: 16 deaths/1,000 population (1991)

_#_Net migration rate: 0 migrants/1,000 population (1991)

_#_Infant mortality rate: 117 deaths/1,000 live births (1991)

_#_Life expectancy at birth: 46 years male, 50 years female (1991)

_#_Total fertility rate: 6.4 children born/woman (1991)

_#_Nationality: noun--Djiboutian(s); adjective--Djiboutian

_#_Ethnic divisions: Somali (Issa) 60%, Afar 35%, French, Arab, Ethiopian, and Italian 5%

_#_Religion: Muslim 94%, Christian 6%

_#_Language: French and Arabic (both official); Somali and Afar widely used

_#_Literacy: 48% (male 63%, female 34%) age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)

_#_Labor force: NA, but a small number of semiskilled laborers at the port and 3,000 railway workers; 52% of population of working age (1983)

_#_Organized labor: 3,000 railway workers

_*_Government _#_Long-form name: Republic of Djibouti

_#_Type: republic

_#_Capital: Djibouti

_#_Administrative divisions: 5 districts (cercles, singular--cercle); Ali Sabih, Dikhil, Djibouti, Obock, Tadjoura

_#_Independence: 27 June 1977 (from France; formerly French Territory of the Afars and Issas)

_#_Constitution: partial constitution ratified January 1981 by the National Assembly

_#_Legal system: based on French civil law system, traditional practices, and Islamic law

_#_National holiday: Independence Day, 27 June (1977)

_#_Executive branch: president, prime minister, Council of Ministers

_#_Legislative branch: National Assembly (Assemblee Nationale)

_#_Judicial branch: Supreme Court (Cour Supreme)

_#_Leaders:

Chief of State--President Hassan GOULED Aptidon (since 24 June 1977);

Head of Government--Prime Minister BARKAT Gourad Hamadou (since 30 September 1978)

_#_Political parties and leaders: only party--People's Progress Assembly (RPP), Hassan GOULED Aptidon

_#_Suffrage: universal adult at age NA

_#_Elections:

President--last held 24 April 1987 (next to be held April 1993); results--President Hassan GOULED Aptidon was reelected without opposition;

National Assembly--last held 24 April 1987 (next to be held April 1992); results--RPP is the only party; seats--(65 total) RPP 65

_#_Communists: NA

_#_Member of: ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AFESD, AL, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IGADD, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, LORCS, NAM, OAU, OIC, UN, UNESCO, UNCTAD, UPU, WHO, WMO

_#_Diplomatic representation: Ambassador Roble OLHAYE; Chancery (temporary) at the Djiboutian Permanent Mission to the UN; 866 United Nations Plaza, Suite 4011, New York, NY 10017; telephone (212) 753-3163;

US--Ambassador Robert S. BARRETT IV; Embassy at Villa Plateau du Serpent, Boulevard Marechal Joffre, Djibouti (mailing address is B. P. 185, Djibouti); telephone [253] 35-39-95

_#_Flag: two equal horizontal bands of light blue (top) and light green with a white isosceles triangle based on the hoist side bearing a red five-pointed star in the center

_*_Economy _#_Overview: The economy is based on service activities connected with the country's strategic location and status as a free trade zone in northeast Africa. Djibouti provides services as both a transit port for the region and an international transshipment and refueling center. It has few natural resources and little industry. The nation is, therefore, heavily dependent on foreign assistance to help support its balance of payments and to finance development projects. An unemployment rate of over 40% continues to be a major problem. Per capita consumption dropped an estimated 35% over the last five years with a population growth rate of 6% (including immigrants and refugees) and a recession.

_#_GDP: $340 million, $1,030 per capita; real growth rate - 1.0% (1989 est.)

_#_Inflation rate (consumer prices): 3.7% (1989)

_#_Unemployment rate: over 40% (1989)

_#_Budget: revenues $131 million; expenditures $154 million, including capital expenditures of $25 million (1990 est.)

_#_Exports: $190 million (f.o.b., 1990 est.);

commodities--hides and skins, coffee (in transit);

partners--Middle East 50%, Africa 43%, Western Europe 7%

_#_Imports: $311 million (f.o.b., 1990 est.);

commodities--foods, beverages, transport equipment, chemicals, petroleum products;

partners--EC 36%, Africa 21%, Asia 12%, US 2%

_#_External debt: $355 million (December 1990)

_#_Industrial production: growth rate 0.1% (1989); manufacturing accounts for 4% of GDP

_#_Electricity: 110,000 kW capacity; 190 million kWh produced, 580 kWh per capita (1989)

_#_Industries: limited to a few small-scale enterprises, such as dairy products and mineral-water bottling

_#_Agriculture: accounts for only 5% of GDP; scanty rainfall limits crop production to mostly fruit and vegetables; half of population pastoral nomads herding goats, sheep, and camels; imports bulk of food needs

_#_Economic aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY78-89), $39 million; Western (non-US) countries, including ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-88), $1,035 million; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $149 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $35 million

_#_Currency: Djiboutian franc (plural--francs); 1 Djiboutian franc (DF) = 100 centimes

_#_Exchange rates: Djiboutian francs (DF) per US$1--177.721 (fixed rate since 1973)

_#_Fiscal year: calendar year

_*_Communications _#_Railroads: the Ethiopian-Djibouti railroad extends for 97 km through Djibouti

_#_Highways: 2,900 km total; 280 km bituminous surface, 2,620 km improved or unimproved earth (1982)

_#_Ports: Djibouti

_#_Civil air: 2 major transport aircraft

_#_Airports: 13 total, 10 usable; 2 with permanent-surface runways; none with runways over 3,659 m; 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 4 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

_#_Telecommunications: fair system of urban facilities in Djibouti and radio relay stations at outlying places; 7,300 telephones; stations--2 AM, 1 FM, 2 TV; 1 Indian Ocean INTELSAT earth station and 1 ARABSAT; 1 submarine cable to Saudi Arabia

_*_Defense Forces _#_Branches: Army (including Navy and Air Force), paramilitary National Security Force, National Police Force

_#_Manpower availability: males 15-49, 89,519; 52,093 fit for military service

_#_Defense expenditures: $29.9 million, NA% of GDP (1986) _%_ _@_Dominica _*_Geography _#_Total area: 750 km2; land area: 750 km2

_#_Comparative area: slightly more than four times the size of Washington, DC

_#_Land boundaries: none

_#_Coastline: 148 km

_#_Maritime claims:

Contiguous zone: 24 nm;

Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm;

Territorial sea: 12 nm

_#_Climate: tropical; moderated by northeast trade winds; heavy rainfall

_#_Terrain: rugged mountains of volcanic origin

_#_Natural resources: timber

_#_Land use: arable land 9%; permanent crops 13%; meadows and pastures 3%; forest and woodland 41%; other 34%

_#_Environment: flash floods a constant hazard; occasional hurricanes

_#_Note: located 550 km southeast of Puerto Rico in the Caribbean Sea

_*_People _#_Population: 86,285 (July 1991), growth rate 1.7% (1991)

_#_Birth rate: 26 births/1,000 population (1991)

_#_Death rate: 5 deaths/1,000 population (1991)

_#_Net migration rate: - 3 migrants/1,000 population (1991)

_#_Infant mortality rate: 13 deaths/1,000 live births (1991)

_#_Life expectancy at birth: 73 years male, 79 years female (1991)

_#_Total fertility rate: 2.6 children born/woman (1991)

_#_Nationality: noun--Dominican(s); adjective--Dominican

_#_Ethnic divisions: mostly black; some Carib indians

_#_Religion: Roman Catholic 77%, Protestant 15% (Methodist 5%, Pentecostal 3%, Seventh-Day Adventist 3%, Baptist 2%, other 2%), none 2%, unknown 1%, other 5%

_#_Language: English (official); French patois widely spoken

_#_Literacy: 94% (male 94%, female 94%) age 15 and over having ever attended school (1970)

_#_Labor force: 25,000; agriculture 40%, industry and commerce 32%, services 28% (1984)

_#_Organized labor: 25% of labor force

_*_Government _#_Long-form name: Commonwealth of Dominica

_#_Type: parliamentary democracy

_#_Capital: Roseau

_#_Administrative divisions: 10 parishes; Saint Andrew, Saint David, Saint George, Saint John, Saint Joseph, Saint Luke, Saint Mark, Saint Patrick, Saint Paul, Saint Peter

_#_Independence: 3 November 1978 (from UK)

_#_Constitution: 3 November 1978

_#_Legal system: based on English common law

_#_National holiday: Independence Day, 3 November (1978)

_#_Executive branch: president, prime minister, Cabinet

_#_Legislative branch: unicameral House of Assembly

_#_Judicial branch: Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court

_#_Leaders:

Chief of State--President Sir Clarence Augustus SEIGNORET (since 19 December 1983);

Head of Government--Prime Minister (Mary) Eugenia CHARLES (since 21 July 1980, elected for a third term 28 May 1990)

_#_Political parties and leaders: Dominica Freedom Party (DFP), (Mary) Eugenia CHARLES; Dominica Labor Party (DLP), Michael DOUGLAS; United Workers Party (UWP), Edison JAMES

_#_Suffrage: universal at age 18

_#_Elections:

President--last held 20 December 1988 (next to be held December 1993); the president is elected by the House of Assembly;

House of Assembly--last held 28 May 1990 (next to be held May 1995); results--percent of vote by party NA; seats--(30 total; 9 appointed senators and 21 elected representatives) DFP 11, UWP 6, DLP 4

_#_Communists: negligible

_#_Other political or pressure groups: Dominica Liberation Movement (DLM), a small leftist group

_#_Member of: ACCT, ACP, C, CARICOM, CDB, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICFTU, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTERPOL, LORCS, NAM (observer), OAS, OECS, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WMO

_#_Diplomatic representation: there is no Chancery in the US;

US--no official presence since the Ambassador resides in Bridgetown (Barbados), but travels frequently to Dominica

_#_Flag: green with a centered cross of three equal bands--the vertical part is yellow (hoist side), black, and white--the horizontal

## part is yellow (top), black, and white; superimposed in the center of the

cross is a red disk bearing a sisserou parrot encircled by 10 green five-pointed stars edged in yellow; the 10 stars represent the 10 administrative divisions (parishes)

_*_Economy _#_Overview: The economy is dependent on agriculture and thus is highly vulnerable to climatic conditions. Agriculture accounts for about 30% of GDP and employs 40% of the labor force. Principal products include bananas, citrus, mangoes, root crops, and coconuts. In 1988 the economy achieved a 5.6% growth in real GDP on the strength of a boost in construction, higher agricultural production, and growth of the small manufacturing sector based on the soap and garment industries. In 1989, however, Hurricane Hugo wiped out 70% of the banana crop and affected other economic activity. The tourist industry remains undeveloped because of a rugged coastline and the lack of an international-class airport.

_#_GDP: $153 million, per capita $1,840; real growth rate - 1.7% (1989 est.)

_#_Inflation rate (consumer prices): 6.3% (1989)

_#_Unemployment rate: 10% (1989 est.)

_#_Budget: revenues $48 million; expenditures $85 million, including capital expenditures of $41 million (FY90)

_#_Exports: $59 million (f.o.b., 1990);

commodities--bananas, coconuts, grapefruit, soap, galvanized sheets;

partners--UK 72%, Jamaica 10%, OECS 6%, US 3%, other 9%

_#_Imports: $115 million (c.i.f., 1990);

commodities--food, oils and fats, chemicals, fuels and lubricants, manufactured goods, machinery and equipment;

partners--US 23%, UK 18%, CARICOM 15%, OECS 15%, Japan 5%, Canada 3%, other 21%

_#_External debt: $73 million (1990 est.)

_#_Industrial production: growth rate 4.5% in manufacturing (1988 est.); accounts for 11% of GDP

_#_Electricity: 7,000 kW capacity; 16 million kWh produced, 190 kWh per capita (1990)

_#_Industries: soap, beverages, tourism, food processing, furniture, cement blocks, shoes

_#_Agriculture: accounts for 30% of GDP; principal crops--bananas, citrus, mangoes, root crops, and coconuts; bananas provide the bulk of export earnings; forestry and fisheries potential not exploited

_#_Economic aid: Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-88), $115 million

_#_Currency: East Caribbean dollar (plural--dollars); 1 EC dollar (EC$) = 100 cents

_#_Exchange rates: East Caribbean dollars (EC$) per US$1--2.70 (fixed rate since 1976)

_#_Fiscal year: 1 July-30 June

_*_Communications _#_Highways: 750 km total; 370 km paved, 380 km gravel and earth

_#_Ports: Roseau, Portsmouth

_#_Civil air: NA

_#_Airports: 2 total, 2 usable; 2 with permanent-surface runways; none with runways over 2,439 m; 1 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

_#_Telecommunications: 4,600 telephones in fully automatic network; VHF and UHF link to Saint Lucia; new SHF links to Martinique and Guadeloupe; stations--3 AM, 2 FM, 1 cable TV

_*_Defense Forces _#_Branches: Commonwealth of Dominica Police Force

_#_Manpower availability: NA

_#_Defense expenditures: $NA, NA% of GDP _%_ _@_Dominican Republic _*_Geography _#_Total area: 48,730 km2; land area: 48,380 km2

_#_Comparative area: slightly more than twice the size of New Hampshire

_#_Land boundary 275 km with Haiti

_#_Coastline: 1,288 km

_#_Maritime claims:

Contiguous zone: 24 nm;

Continental shelf: outer edge of continental margin or 200 nm;

Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm;

Territorial sea: 6 nm

_#_Climate: tropical maritime; little seasonal temperature variation

_#_Terrain: rugged highlands and mountains with fertile valleys interspersed

_#_Natural resources: nickel, bauxite, gold, silver

_#_Land use: arable land 23%; permanent crops 7%; meadows and pastures 43%; forest and woodland 13%; other 14%; includes irrigated 4%

_#_Environment: subject to occasional hurricanes (July to October); deforestation

_#_Note: shares island of Hispaniola with Haiti (western one-third is Haiti, eastern two-thirds is the Dominican Republic)

_*_People _#_Population: 7,384,837 (July 1991), growth rate 2.0% (1991)

_#_Birth rate: 27 births/1,000 population (1991)

_#_Death rate: 7 deaths/1,000 population (1991)

_#_Net migration rate: - 1 migrant/1,000 population (1991)

_#_Infant mortality rate: 60 deaths/1,000 live births (1991)

_#_Life expectancy at birth: 65 years male, 69 years female (1991)

_#_Total fertility rate: 3.1 children born/woman (1991)

_#_Nationality: noun--Dominican(s); adjective--Dominican

_#_Ethnic divisions: mixed 73%, white 16%, black 11%

_#_Religion: Roman Catholic 95%

_#_Language: Spanish

_#_Literacy: 83% (male 85%, female 82%) age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)

_#_Labor force: 2,300,000-2,600,000; agriculture 49%, services 33%, industry 18% (1986)

_#_Organized labor: 12% of labor force (1989 est.)

_*_Government _#_Long-form name: Dominican Republic (no short-form name)

_#_Type: republic

_#_Capital: Santo Domingo