Part 41
_#_Type: unincorporated territory of the US administered by the US Navy, under command of the Barbers Point Naval Air Station in Hawaii and managed cooperatively by the US Navy and the Fish and Wildlife Service of the US Department of the Interior as part of the National Wildlife Refuge System
_#_Diplomatic representation: none (territory of the US)
_#_Flag: the US flag is used
_*_Economy _#_Overview: The economy is based on providing support services for US naval operations located on the islands. All food and manufactured goods must be imported.
_#_Electricity: supplied by US Military
_*_Communications _#_Highways: 32 km total
_#_Pipelines: 7.8 km
_#_Ports: Sand Island
_#_Airports: 3 total; 2 usable; 1 with permanent-surface runways; none with runways over 2,439 m; 2 with runways 1,220-2,439 m
_*_Defense Forces _#_Note: defense is the responsibility of the US _%_ _@_Monaco _*_Geography _#_Total area: 1.9 km2; land area: 1.9 km2
_#_Comparative area: about three times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC
_#_Land boundary: 4.4 km with France
_#_Coastline: 4.1 km
_#_Maritime claims:
Territorial sea: 12 nm
_#_Climate: Mediterranean with mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers
_#_Terrain: hilly, rugged, rocky
_#_Natural resources: none
_#_Land use: arable land 0%; permanent crops 0%; meadows and pastures 0%; forest and woodland 0%; other 100%
_#_Environment: almost entirely urban
_#_Note: second-smallest independent state in world (after Vatican City)
_*_People _#_Population: 29,712 (July 1991), growth rate 0.9% (1991)
_#_Birth rate: 7 births/1,000 population (1991)
_#_Death rate: 7 deaths/1,000 population (1991)
_#_Net migration rate: 9 migrants/1,000 population (1991)
_#_Infant mortality rate: 8 deaths/1,000 live births (1991)
_#_Life expectancy at birth: 72 years male, 80 years female (1991)
_#_Total fertility rate: 1.1 children born/woman (1991)
_#_Nationality: noun--Monacan(s) or Monegasque(s); adjective--Monacan or Monegasque
_#_Ethnic divisions: French 47%, Monegasque 16%, Italian 16%, other 21%
_#_Religion: Roman Catholic 95%
_#_Language: French (official), English, Italian, Monegasque
_#_Literacy: NA% (male NA%, female NA%)
_#_Labor force: NA
_#_Organized labor: 4,000 members in 35 unions
_*_Government _#_Long-form name: Principality of Monaco
_#_Type: constitutional monarchy
_#_Capital: Monaco
_#_Administrative divisions: 4 quarters (quartiers, singular--quartier); Fontvieille, La Condamine, Monaco-Ville, Monte-Carlo
_#_Independence: 1419, rule by the House of Grimaldi
_#_Constitution: 17 December 1962
_#_Legal system: based on French law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
_#_National holiday: National Day, 19 November
_#_Executive branch: prince, minister of state, Council of Government (cabinet)
_#_Legislative branch: National Council (Conseil National)
_#_Judicial branch: Supreme Tribunal (Tribunal Supreme)
_#_Leaders:
Chief of State--Prince RAINIER III (since November 1949); Heir Apparent Prince ALBERT Alexandre Louis Pierre (born 14 March 1958);
Head of Government Minister of State Jean AUSSEIL (since 10 September 1985)
_#_Political parties and leaders: National and Democratic Union (UND), Democratic Union Movement (MUD), Monaco Action, Monegasque Socialist Party (PSM)
_#_Suffrage: universal adult at age 25
_#_Elections:
National Council--last held on 24 January 1988 (next to be held 24 January 1993); results--percent of vote by party NA; seats--(18 total) UND 18
_#_Member of: ACCT, CSCE, ICAO, IMF (observer), IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, LORCS, UN (observer), UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO
_#_Diplomatic representation: Monaco maintains honorary consulates general in Boston, Chicago, Los Angeles, New Orleans, New York, and San Francisco, and honorary consulates in Dallas, Honolulu, Palm Beach, Philadelphia, and Washington;
US--no mission in Monaco, but the US Consul General in Marseille, France, is accredited to Monaco; Consul General R. Susan WOOD; Consulate General at 12 Boulevard Paul Peytral, 13286 Marseille Cedex (mailing address APO NY 09777); telephone [33] (91) 549-200
_#_Flag: two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; similar to the flag of Indonesia which is longer and the flag of Poland which is white (top) and red
_*_Economy _#_Overview: Monaco, situated on the French Mediterranean coast, is a popular resort, attracting tourists to its casino and pleasant climate. The Principality has successfully sought to diversify into services and small, high-value-added, non-polluting industries. The state has no income tax and low business taxes and thrives as a tax haven both for individuals who have established residence and for foreign companies that have set up businesses and offices. About 50% of Monaco's annual revenue comes from value-added taxes on hotels, banks, and the industrial sector; about 25% of revenue comes from tourism. Living standards are high, that is, roughly comparable to those in prosperous French metropolitan suburbs.
_#_GDP: $324 million, per capita $11,000; real growth rate NA% (1990 est.)
_#_Inflation rate (consumer prices): NA%
_#_Unemployment rate: full employment (1989)
_#_Budget: revenues $386 million; expenditures $426, including capital expenditures of $NA (1988 est.)
_#_Exports: $NA; full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monacan trade duties; also participates in EC market system through customs union with France
_#_Imports: $NA; full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monacan trade duties; also participates in EC market system through customs union with France
_#_External debt: $NA
_#_Industrial production: growth rate NA%
_#_Electricity: 10,000 kW standby capacity (1988); power supplied by France
_#_Industries: tourism, pharmaceuticals, precision instruments, glassmaking, printing, finance
_#_Agriculture: NA
_#_Economic aid: NA
_#_Currency: French franc (plural--francs); 1 French franc (F) = 100 centimes
_#_Exchange rates: French francs (F) per US$1--5.1307 (January 1991), 5.4453 (1990), 6.3801 (1989), 5.9569 (1988), 6.0107 (1987), 6.9261 (1986), 8.9852 (1985)
_#_Fiscal year: calendar year
_*_Communications _#_Railroads: 1.6 km 1.435-meter gauge
_#_Highways: none; city streets
_#_Ports: Monaco
_#_Merchant marine: 1 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 3,268 GRT/4,959 DWT
_#_Civil air: no major transport aircraft
_#_Airports: 1 usable airfield with permanent-surface runways
_#_Telecommunications: served by the French communications system; automatic telephone system; 38,200 telephones; stations--3 AM, 4 FM, 5 TV; no communication satellite stations
_*_Defense Forces _#_Note: defense is the responsibility of France _%_ _@_Mongolia _*_Geography _#_Total area: 1,565,000 km2; land area: 1,565,000 km2
_#_Comparative area: slightly larger than Alaska
_#_Land boundaries: 8,114 km total; China 4,673 km, USSR 3,441 km
_#_Coastline: none--landlocked
_#_Maritime claims: none--landlocked
_#_Climate: desert; continental (large daily and seasonal temperature ranges)
_#_Terrain: vast semidesert and desert plains; mountains in west and southwest; Gobi Desert in southeast
_#_Natural resources: oil, coal, copper, molybdenum, tungsten, phosphates, tin, nickel, zinc, wolfram, fluorspar, gold
_#_Land use: arable land 1%; permanent crops 0%; meadows and pastures 79%; forest and woodland 10%; other 10%; includes irrigated NEGL%
_#_Environment: harsh and rugged
_#_Note: landlocked; strategic location between China and Soviet Union
_*_People _#_Population: 2,247,068 (July 1991), growth rate 2.7% (1991)
_#_Birth rate: 34 births/1,000 population (1991)
_#_Death rate: 8 deaths/1,000 population (1991)
_#_Net migration rate: 0 migrants/1,000 population (1991)
_#_Infant mortality rate: 48 deaths/1,000 live births (1991)
_#_Life expectancy at birth: 63 years male, 67 years female (1991)
_#_Total fertility rate: 4.6 children born/woman (1991)
_#_Nationality: noun--Mongolian(s); adjective--Mongolian
_#_Ethnic divisions: Mongol 90%, Kazakh 4%, Chinese 2%, Russian 2%, other 2%
_#_Religion: predominantly Tibetan Buddhist, Muslim (about 4%), limited religious activity because of Communist regime
_#_Language: Khalkha Mongol used by over 90% of population; minor languages include Turkic, Russian, and Chinese
_#_Literacy: 90% (male NA%, female NA%) (1989 est.)
_#_Labor force: NA, but primarily herding/agricultural; over half the adult population is in the labor force, including a large percentage of women; shortage of skilled labor
_#_Organized labor: 425,000 members of the Central Council of Mongolian Trade Unions (CCMTU) controlled by the government (1984)
_*_Government _#_Long-form name: Mongolian People's Republic; abbreviated MPR
_#_Type: in transition from Communist state to republic
_#_Capital: Ulaanbaatar
_#_Administrative divisions: 18 provinces (aymguud, singular--aymag) and 3 municipalities* (hotuud, singular--hot); Arhangay, Bayanhongor, Bayan-Olgiy, Bulgan, Darhan*, Dornod, Dornogovi, Dundgovi, Dzavhan, Erdenet*, Govi-Altay, Hentiy, Hovd, Hovsgol, Omnogovi, Ovorhangay, Selenge, Suhbaatar, Tov, Ulaanbaatar*, Uvs
_#_Independence: 13 March 1921 (from China; formerly Outer Mongolia)
_#_Constitution: 6 July 1960
_#_Legal system: blend of Russian, Chinese, and Turkish systems of law; no constitutional provision for judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
_#_National holiday: People's Revolution Day, 11 July (1921)
_#_Executive branch: chairman and deputy chairman of the Presidium of the People's Great Hural, premier, deputy premiers, Cabinet
_#_Legislative branch: People's Great Hural, People's Small Hural
_#_Judicial branch: Supreme Court
_#_Leaders:
Chief of State--President Punsalmaagiyn OCHIRBAT (since 3 September 1990); Vice President Radnaasumbereliyn GONCHIGDORJ (since 7 September 1990);
Head of Government--Premier Dashiyn BYAMBASUREN (since 11 September 1990);
_#_Political parties and leaders:
ruling party--Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (MPRP), Budragchagiin DASH-YONDON, general secretary;
opposition--Social Democratic Party (SDP), Batbayar; Mongolian Democratic Association, Sanjasuren DZORIG, chief coordinator; Mongolian Party of National Progress, Ganbold;
other--Mongolian Democratic Party (MDP), Batuul; Free Labor Party, Maam; note--opposition parties were legalized in May 1990
_#_Suffrage: universal at age 18
_#_Elections:
President--last held 3 September 1990 (next to be held July 1994); results--Punsalmaagiyn OCHIRBAT elected by the People's Great Hural;
People's Great Hural--last held on 29 July 1990 (next to be held July 1994); results--MPRP 84.6, MDP 3.8%, PNP 1.4%, SDP 1%, independents 9.2%; seats--(430 total) MPRP 343;
People's Small Hural--last held on 29 July 1990 (next to be held July 1994); results--MPRP 62.3%, MDP 24.5%, SDP 7.5%, PNP 5.7%; seats--(50 total) MPRP 33
_#_Communists: MPRP membership 90,000 (1990 est.)
_#_Member of: AsDB, ESCAP, FAO, IAEA, IBEC, IBRD, ICAO, IIB, ILO, IMF, IOC, ISO, ITU, LORCS, NAM, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
_#_Diplomatic representation: Ambassador Gendengiyn NYAMDOO; Chancery, Tel. (202) 983-1962;
US--Ambassador Joseph E. LAKE; Deputy Chief of Mission Michael J. SENKO; Embassy at Ulaanbaatar, c/o American Embassy Beijing; Tel. 29095 and 29639
_#_Flag: three equal, vertical bands of red (hoist side), blue, and red; centered on the hoist-side red band in yellow is a five-pointed star above the national emblem (soyombo--a columnar arrangement of abstract and geometric representations for fire, sun, moon, earth, water, and the yin-yang symbol)
_*_Economy _#_Overview: Economic activity traditionally has been based on agriculture and the breeding of livestock--Mongolia has the highest number of livestock per person in the world. In recent years extensive mineral resources have been developed with Soviet support. The mining and processing of coal, copper, molybdenum, tin, tungsten, and gold account for a large part of industrial production. In early 1991 the Mongolian leadership was struggling with severe economic dislocations, mainly attributable to chaotic economic conditions in the USSR, by far Mongolia's leading trade and development partner. For example, the government doubled most prices in January 1991, and industrial production dropped 10% in the first quarter of 1991. Moscow almost certainly will be cutting aid in 1991.
_#_GDP: $2.2 billion, per capita $1,000 (1990 est.); real growth rate NA%
_#_Inflation rate (consumer prices): NA%
_#_Unemployment rate: 10% (February 1991)
_#_Budget: deficit of $240 million (1991 est.)
_#_Exports: $784 million (f.o.b., 1988);
commodities--livestock, animal products, wool, hides, fluorspar, nonferrous metals, minerals;
partners--nearly all trade with Communist countries (about 80% with USSR)
_#_Imports: $1.14 billion (f.o.b., 1988);
commodities--machinery and equipment, fuels, food products, industrial consumer goods, chemicals, building materials, sugar, tea;
partners--nearly all trade with Communist countries (about 80% with USSR)
_#_External debt: $16.8 billion (yearend 1990); 98.6% with USSR
_#_Industrial production: growth rate NA%
_#_Electricity: 657,000 kW capacity; 2,950 million kWh produced, 1,380 kWh per capita (1990)
_#_Industries: copper, processing of animal products, building materials, food and beverage, mining (particularly coal)
_#_Agriculture: accounts for about 20% of GDP and provides livelihood for about 50% of the population; livestock raising predominates (sheep, goats, horses); crops--wheat, barley, potatoes, forage
_#_Economic aid: about $300 million in trade credits and $34 million in grant aid from USSR and other CEMA countries, plus $7.4 million from UNDP (1990)
_#_Currency: tughrik (plural--tughriks); 1 tughrik (Tug) = 100 mongos
_#_Exchange rates: tughriks (Tug) per US$1--7.1 (1991), 5.63 (1990), 3.00 (1989)
_#_Fiscal year: calendar year
_*_Communications _#_Railroads: 1,750 km 1.524-meter broad gauge (1988)
_#_Highways: 46,700 km total; 1,000 km hard surface; 45,700 km other surfaces (1988)
_#_Inland waterways: 397 km of principal routes (1988)
_#_Civil air: 25 major transport aircraft
_#_Airports: 81 total, 31 usable; 11 with permanent-surface runways; fewer than 5 with runways over 3,659 m; fewer than 20 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 12 with runways 1,220-2,439 m
_#_Telecommunications: stations--12 AM, 1 FM, 1 TV (with 18 provincial relays); relay of Soviet TV; 120,000 TVs; 186,000 radios; at least 1 earth station
_*_Defense Forces _#_Branches: Mongolian People's Army (includes Border Guards), Air Force
_#_Manpower availability: males 15-49, 535,376; 349,548 fit for military service; 25,275 reach military age (18) annually
_#_Defense expenditures: $NA, NA% of GDP _%_ _@_Montserrat (dependent territory of the UK) _*_Geography _#_Total area: 100 km2; land area: 100 km2
_#_Comparative area: about 0.6 times the size of Washington, DC
_#_Land boundaries: none
_#_Coastline: 40 km
_#_Maritime claims:
Exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm;
Territorial sea: 3 nm
_#_Climate: tropical; little daily or seasonal temperature variation
_#_Terrain: volcanic islands, mostly mountainous, with small coastal lowland
_#_Natural resources: negligible
_#_Land use: arable land 20%; permanent crops 0%; meadows and pastures 10%; forest and woodland 40%; other 30%
_#_Environment: subject to severe hurricanes from June to November
_#_Note: located 400 km southeast of Puerto Rico in the Caribbean Sea
_*_People _#_Population: 12,504 (July 1991), growth rate 1.0% (1991)
_#_Birth rate: 16 births/1,000 population (1991)
_#_Death rate: 10 deaths/1,000 population (1991)
_#_Net migration rate: 4 migrants/1,000 population (1991)
_#_Infant mortality rate: 9 deaths/1,000 live births (1991)
_#_Life expectancy at birth: 74 years male, 80 years female (1991)
_#_Total fertility rate: 2.2 children born/woman (1991)
_#_Nationality: noun--Montserratian(s); adjective--Montserratian
_#_Ethnic divisions: mostly black with a few Europeans
_#_Religion: Anglican, Methodist, Roman Catholic, Pentecostal, Seventh-Day Adventist, other Christian denominations
_#_Language: English
_#_Literacy: 97% (male 97%, female 97%) age 15 and over having ever attended school (1970)
_#_Labor force: 5,100; community, social, and personal services 40.5%, construction 13.5%, trade, restaurants, and hotels 12.3%, manufacturing 10.5%, agriculture, forestry, and fishing 8.8%, other 14.4% (1983 est.)
_#_Organized labor: 30% of labor force, three trade unions with 1,500 members (1984 est.)
_*_Government _#_Long-form name: none
_#_Type: dependent territory of the UK
_#_Capital: Plymouth
_#_Administrative divisions: 3 parishes; Saint Anthony, Saint Georges, Saint Peter
_#_Independence: none (dependent territory of the UK)
_#_Constitution: 1 January 1960
_#_Legal system: English common law and statute law
_#_National holiday: Celebration of the Birthday of the Queen (second Saturday of June)
_#_Executive branch: monarch, governor, Executive Council (cabinet), chief minister
_#_Legislative branch: unicameral Legislative Council
_#_Judicial branch: Supreme Court
_#_Leaders:
Chief of State--Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor David TAYLOR (since NA 1990);
Head of Government--Chief Minister John A. OSBORNE (since NA 1978)
_#_Political parties and leaders: People's Liberation Movement (PLM), John OSBORNE; Progressive Democratic Party (PDP), Howell BRAMBLE; United National Front (UNF), Dr. George IRISH; National Development Party (NDP), Bertrand OSBORNE
_#_Suffrage: universal at age 18
_#_Elections:
Legislative Council--last held on 25 August 1987 (next to be held NA 1992); results--percent of vote by party NA; seats--(11 total, 7 elected) PLM 4, NDP 2, PDP 1
_#_Communists: probably none
_#_Member of: CARICOM, CDB, ECLAC (associate), ICFTU, OECS, WCL
_#_Diplomatic representation: none (dependent territory of the UK)
_#_Flag: blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Montserratian coat of arms centered in the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms features a woman standing beside a yellow harp with her arm around a black cross
_*_Economy _#_Overview: The economy is small and open with economic activity centered on tourism and construction. Tourism is the most important sector and accounted for 20% of GDP in 1986. Agriculture accounted for about 4% of GDP and industry 10%. The economy is heavily dependent on imports, making it vulnerable to fluctuations in world prices. Exports consist mainly of electronic parts sold to the US.
_#_GDP: $54.2 million, per capita $4,500; real growth rate 12% (1988 est.)
_#_Inflation rate (consumer prices): 3.6% (1988)
_#_Unemployment rate: 3.0% (1987)
_#_Budget: revenues $12.1 million; expenditures $14.3 million, including capital expenditures of $3.2 million (1988)
_#_Exports: $2.3 million (f.o.b., 1988 est.);
commodities--electronic parts, plastic bags, apparel, hot peppers, live plants, cattle;
partners--NA
_#_Imports: $30 million (c.i.f., 1988 est.);
commodities--machinery and transportation equipment, foodstuffs, manufactured goods, fuels, lubricants, and related materials;
partners--NA
_#_External debt: $2.05 million (1987)
_#_Industrial production: growth rate 8.1% (1986); accounts for 10% of GDP
_#_Electricity: 5,270 kW capacity; 12.2 million kWh produced, 980 kWh per capita (1990)
_#_Industries: tourism; light manufacturing--rum, textiles, electronic appliances
_#_Agriculture: accounts for 4% of GDP; small-scale farming; food crops--tomatoes, onions, peppers; not self-sufficient in food, especially livestock products
_#_Economic aid: Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-88), $75 million
_#_Currency: East Caribbean dollar (plural--dollars); 1 EC dollar (EC$) = 100 cents
_#_Exchange rates: East Caribbean dollars (EC$) per US$1--2.70 (fixed rate since 1976)
_#_Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March
_*_Communications _#_Highways: 280 km total; about 200 km paved, 80 km gravel and earth
_#_Ports: Plymouth
_#_Airports: 1 with permanent-surface runway 1,036 m
_#_Telecommunications: 3,000 telephones; stations--8 AM, 4 FM, 1 TV
_*_Defense Forces _#_Branches: Police Force
_#_Note: defense is the responsibility of the UK _%_ _@_Morocco _*_Geography _#_Total area: 446,550 km2; land area: 446,300 km2
_#_Comparative area: slightly larger than California
_#_Land boundaries: 2,002 km total; Algeria 1,559 km, Western Sahara 443 km
_#_Coastline: 1,835 km
_#_Maritime claims:
Contiguous zone: 24 nm;
Continental shelf: 200 m (depth) or to depth of exploitation;
Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm;
Territorial sea: 12 nm
_#_Disputes: claims and administers Western Sahara, but sovereignty is unresolved; armed conflict in Western Sahara; Spain controls five places of sovereignty (plazas de soberania) on and off the coast of Morocco--the coastal enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla, which Morocco contests, and the islands of Penon de Alhucemas, Penon de Velez de la Gomera, and Islas Chafarinas
_#_Climate: Mediterranean, becoming more extreme in the interior
_#_Terrain: mostly mountains with rich coastal plains
_#_Natural resources: phosphates, iron ore, manganese, lead, zinc, fish, salt
_#_Land use: arable land 18%; permanent crops 1%; meadows and pastures 28%; forest and woodland 12%; other 41%; includes irrigated 1%
_#_Environment: northern mountains geologically unstable and subject to earthquakes; desertification
_#_Note: strategic location along Strait of Gibraltar
_*_People _#_Population: 26,181,889 (July 1991), growth rate 2.1% (1991)
_#_Birth rate: 30 births/1,000 population (1991)
_#_Death rate: 8 deaths/1,000 population (1991)
_#_Net migration rate: - 1 migrant/1,000 population (1991)
_#_Infant mortality rate: 76 deaths/1,000 live births (1991)
_#_Life expectancy at birth: 63 years male, 66 years female (1991)
_#_Total fertility rate: 3.8 children born/woman (1991)
_#_Nationality: noun--Moroccan(s); adjective--Moroccan
_#_Ethnic divisions: Arab-Berber 99.1%, non-Moroccan 0.7%, Jewish 0.2%
_#_Religion: Muslim 98.7%, Christian 1.1%, Jewish 0.2%
_#_Language: Arabic (official); several Berber dialects; French is language of business, government, diplomacy, and postprimary education
_#_Literacy: 50% (male 61%, female 38%) age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)
_#_Labor force: 7,400,000; agriculture 50%, services 26%, industry 15%, other 9% (1985)
_#_Organized labor: about 5% of the labor force, mainly in the Union of Moroccan Workers (UMT) and the Democratic Confederation of Labor (CDT)
_*_Government _#_Long-form name: Kingdom of Morocco
_#_Type: constitutional monarchy
_#_Capital: Rabat
_#_Administrative divisions: 37 provinces (aqalim, singular--iqlim) and 5 municipalities* (wilayat, singular--wilayah); Agadir, Al Hoceima, Azilal, Beni Mellal, Ben Slimane, Boulemane, Casablanca*, Chaouen, El Jadida, El Kelaa des Srarhna, Er Rachidia, Essaouira, Fes, Fes*, Figuig, Guelmim, Ifrane, Kenitra, Khemisset, Khenifra, Khouribga, Laayoune, Larache, Marrakech, Marrakech*, Meknes, Meknes*, Nador, Ouarzazate, Oujda, Rabat-Sale*, Safi, Settat, Sidi Kacem, Tanger, Tan-Tan, Taounate, Taroudannt, Tata, Taza, Tetouan, Tiznit
_#_Independence: 2 March 1956 (from France)
_#_Constitution: 10 March 1972
_#_Legal system: based on Islamic law and French and Spanish civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts in Constitutional Chamber of Supreme Court
_#_National holiday: National Day (anniversary of King Hassan II's accession to the throne), 3 March (1961)
_#_Executive branch: monarch, prime minister, Council of Ministers (cabinet)
_#_Legislative branch: unicameral House of Representatives (Majlis Nawab)
_#_Judicial branch: Supreme Court
_#_Leaders:
Chief of State--King HASSAN II (since 3 March 1961);
Head of Government--Prime Minister Dr. Azzedine LARAKI (since 30 September 1986)
_#_Political parties and leaders: Morocco has 15 political parties; the major ones are Istiqlal Party, M'Hamed BOUCETTA; Socialist Union of Popular Forces (USFP), Abderrahim BOUABID; Popular Movement (MP), Secretariat General; National Assembly of Independents (RNI), Ahmed OSMAN; National Democratic Party (PND), Mohamed Arsalane EL-JADIDI; Party for Progress and Socialism (PPS), Ali YATA; Constitutional Union (UC), Maati BOUABID
_#_Suffrage: universal at age 21
_#_Elections:
Chamber of Representatives--last held on 14 September 1984 (were scheduled for September 1990, but postponed until NA 1992); results--percent of vote by party NA; seats--(306 total, 206 elected) CU 83, RNI 61, MP 47, Istiqlal 41, USFP 36, PND 24, other 14
_#_Communists: about 2,000
_#_Member of: ABEDA, ACCT (associate), AfDB, AFESD, AL, AMF, AMU, CCC, EBRD, ECA, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IIB, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ISO, ITU, LORCS, OAS (observer), NAM, OIC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
_#_Diplomatic representation: Ambassador Mohamed BELKHAYAT; Chancery at 1601 21st Street NW, Washington DC 20009; telephone (202) 462-7979; there is a Moroccan Consulate General in New York;
US--Ambassador E. Michael USSERY; Embassy at 2 Avenue de Marrakech, Rabat (mailing address is P. O. Box 120, Rabat, or APO New York 09284); telephone [212] (7) 76-22-65; there are US Consulates General in Casablanca
_#_Flag: red with a green pentacle (five-pointed, linear star) known as Solomon's seal in the center of the flag; green is the traditional color of Islam
_*_Economy _#_Overview: The economy recovered moderately in 1990 because of the resolution of a trade dispute with India over phosphoric acid sales, a rebound in textile sales to the EC, and lower prices for food imports. In addition, a dramatic increase in worker remittances, increased Arab donor aid, and generous debt rescheduling agreements helped ease foreign payments pressures. On the down side, higher oil import costs fueled inflation. Servicing the $21 billion foreign debt, high unemployment, and Morocco's vulnerability to external forces remain severe problems for the 1990s.
_#_GDP: $25.4 billion, per capita $990; real growth rate 2.5% (1990 est.)
_#_Inflation rate (consumer prices): 6.6% (1990 est.)
_#_Unemployment rate: 16% (1990 est.)
_#_Budget: revenues $6.6 billion; expenditures $7.3 billion, including capital expenditures of $1.8 billion (1990 est.)
_#_Exports: $4.0 billion (f.o.b., 1990 est.);
commodities--food and beverages 30%, semiprocessed goods 23%, consumer goods 21%, phosphates 17%;
partners--EC 58%, India 7%, Japan 5%, USSR 3%, US 2%
_#_Imports: $5.9 billion (f.o.b., 1990 est.);
commodities--capital goods 24%, semiprocessed goods 22%, raw materials 16%, fuel and lubricants 16%, food and beverages 13%, consumer goods 9%;
partners--EC 53%, US 11%, Canada 4%, Iraq 3%, USSR 3%, Japan 2%
_#_External debt: $21 billion (1990)
_#_Industrial production: growth rate 4% (1989 est.); accounts for an estimated 20% of GDP
_#_Electricity: 2,262,000 kW capacity; 8,140 million kWh produced, 320 kWh per capita (1990)
_#_Industries: phosphate rock mining and processing, food processing, leather goods, textiles, construction, tourism
_#_Agriculture: 50% of employment and 30% of export value; not self-sufficient in food; cereal farming and livestock raising predominate; barley, wheat, citrus fruit, wine, vegetables, olives; fishing catch of 491,000 metric tons in 1987
_#_Illicit drugs: illicit producer of cannabis; trafficking on the increase for both domestic and international drug markets; shipments of cannabis mostly directed to Western Europe; occasional transit point for cocaine from South America destined for Western Europe.
_#_Economic aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $1.3 billion; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-88), $7.0 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $4.8 billion; Communist countries (1970-89), $2.5 billion
_#_Currency: Moroccan dirham (plural--dirhams); 1 Moroccan dirham (DH) = 100 centimes
_#_Exchange rates: Moroccan dirhams (DH) per US$1--8.071 (January 1991), 8.242 (1990), 8.488 (1989), 8.209 (1988), 8.359 (1987), 9.104 (1986), 10.062 (1985)
_#_Fiscal year: calendar year
_*_Communications _#_Railroads: 1,893 km 1.435-meter standard gauge (246 km double track, 974 km electrified)
_#_Highways: 59,198 km total; 27,740 km bituminous treated, 31,458 km gravel, crushed stone, improved earth, and unimproved earth
_#_Pipelines: 362 km crude oil; 491 km (abandoned) refined products; 241 km natural gas
_#_Ports: Agadir, Casablanca, El Jorf Lasfar, Kenitra, Mohammedia, Nador, Safi, Tangier; also Spanish-controlled Ceuta and Melilla
_#_Merchant marine: 51 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 315,169 GRT/487,490 DWT; includes 10 cargo, 2 container, 12 refrigerated cargo, 6 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 3 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 11 chemical tanker, 4 bulk, 3 short-sea passenger
_#_Civil air: 23 major transport aircraft
_#_Airports: 75 total, 67 usable; 26 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways over 3,659 m; 13 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 27 with runways 1,220-2,439 m