Part 26

partners--US 16%, France, Brazil

_#_External debt: $2.6 billion (1990 est.)

_#_Industrial production: growth rate NA%; accounts for 27% of GDP

_#_Electricity: 113,000 kW capacity; 300 million kWh produced, 40 kWh per capita (1989)

_#_Industries: bauxite mining, alumina, gold, diamond mining, light manufacturing and agricultural processing industries

_#_Agriculture: accounts for 40% of GDP (includes fishing and forestry); mostly subsistence farming; principal products--rice, coffee, pineapples, palm kernels, cassava, bananas, sweet potatoes, timber; livestock--cattle, sheep and goats; not self-sufficient in food grains

_#_Economic aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $227 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-87), $1,075 million; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $120 million; Communist countries (1970-88), $446 million

_#_Currency: Guinean franc (plural--francs); 1 Guinean franc (FG) = 100 centimes

_#_Exchange rates: Guinean francs (FG) per US$1--24.39 (1989), 19.23 (1988), 17.54 (1987), 14.29 (1986), NA (1985)

_#_Fiscal year: calendar year

_*_Communications _#_Railroads: 1,045 km; 806 km 1.000-meter gauge, 239 km 1.435-meter standard gauge

_#_Highways: 30,100 km total; 1,145 km paved, 12,955 km gravel or laterite (of which barely 4,500 km are currently all-weather roads), 16,000 km unimproved earth (1987)

_#_Inland waterways: 1,295 km navigable by shallow-draft native craft

_#_Ports: Conakry, Kamsar

_#_Civil air: 2 major transport aircraft

_#_Airports: 16 total, 16 usable; 5 with permanent-surface runways; none with runways over 3,659 m; 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 10 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

_#_Telecommunications: fair system of open-wire lines, small radiocommunication stations, and new radio relay system; 10,000 telephones; stations--3 AM, 1 FM, 1 TV; 12,000 TV sets; 125,000 radio receivers; 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth station

_*_Defense Forces _#_Branches: Army, Navy (acts primarily as a coast guard), Air Force, Republican Guard, paramilitary National Gendarmerie, Surete Nationale

_#_Manpower availability: males 15-49, 1,695,832; 853,593 fit for military service

_#_Defense expenditures: $27 million, 1.2% of GDP (1988) _%_ _@_Guinea-Bissau _*_Geography _#_Total area: 36,120 km2; land area: 28,000 km2

_#_Comparative area: slightly less than three times the size of Connecticut

_#_Land boundaries: 724 km total; Guinea 386, Senegal 338 km

_#_Coastline: 350 km

_#_Maritime claims:

Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm;

Territorial sea: 12 nm

_#_Disputes: the International Court of Justice (ICJ) has rendered its decision on the Guinea-Bissau/Senegal maritime boundary (in favor of Senegal)--that decision has been rejected by Guinea-Bissau

_#_Climate: tropical; generally hot and humid; monsoon-type rainy season (June to November) with southwesterly winds; dry season (December to May) with northeasterly harmattan winds

_#_Terrain: mostly low coastal plain rising to savanna in east

_#_Natural resources: unexploited deposits of petroleum, bauxite, phosphates; fish, timber

_#_Land use: arable land 11%; permanent crops 1%; meadows and pastures 43%; forest and woodland 38%; other 7%

_#_Environment: hot, dry, dusty harmattan haze may reduce visibility during dry season

_*_People _#_Population: 1,023,544 (July 1991), growth rate 2.4% (1991)

_#_Birth rate: 42 births/1,000 population (1991)

_#_Death rate: 18 deaths/1,000 population (1991)

_#_Net migration rate: 0 migrants/1,000 population (1991)

_#_Infant mortality rate: 125 deaths/1,000 live births (1991)

_#_Life expectancy at birth: 45 years male, 48 years female (1991)

_#_Total fertility rate: 5.8 children born/woman (1991)

_#_Nationality: noun--Guinea-Bissauan(s); adjective--Guinea-Bissauan

_#_Ethnic divisions: African about 99% (Balanta 30%, Fula 20%, Manjaca 14%, Mandinga 13%, Papel 7%); European and mulatto less than 1%

_#_Religion: indigenous beliefs 65%, Muslim 30%, Christian 5%

_#_Language: Portuguese (official); Criolo and numerous African languages

_#_Literacy: 36% (male 50%, female 24%) age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)

_#_Labor force: 403,000 (est.); agriculture 90%, industry, services, and commerce 5%, government 5%; population of working age 53% (1983)

_#_Organized labor: only one trade union--the National Union of Workers of Guinea-Bissau (UNTG)

_*_Government _#_Long-form name: Republic of Guinea-Bissau

_#_Type: republic; highly centralized one-party regime since September 1974; the African Party for the Independence of Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde (PAIGC) held an extraordinary party congress in December 1990 and established a two-year transition program during which the constitution will be revised, allowing for multiple political parties and a presidential election in 1993

_#_Capital: Bissau

_#_Administrative divisions: 9 regions (regioes, singular--regiao); Bafata, Biombo, Bissau, Bolama, Cacheu, Gabu, Oio, Quinara, Tombali

_#_Independence: 24 September 1973 (from Portugal; formerly Portuguese Guinea)

_#_Constitution: 16 May 1984

_#_Legal system: NA

_#_National holiday: Independence Day, 24 September (1973)

_#_Executive branch: president of the Council of State, vice presidents of the Council of State, Council of State, Council of Ministers (cabinet)

_#_Legislative branch: unicameral National People's Assembly (Assembleia Nacional Popular)

_#_Judicial branch: none; there is a Ministry of Justice in the Council of Ministers

_#_Leaders:

Chief of State and Head of Government--President of the Council of State Brig. Gen. Joao Bernardo VIEIRA (assumed power 14 November 1980 and elected President of Council of State on 16 May 1984); First Vice President Col. Iafai CAMARA (since 7 November 1985); Second Vice President Vasco CABRAL (since 21 June 1989)

_#_Political parties and leaders: only party--African Party for the Independence of Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde (PAIGC), President Joao Bernardo VIEIRA, leader; the party decided to retain the binational title despite its formal break with Cape Verde

_#_Suffrage: universal at age 15

_#_Elections:

President of Council of State--last held 19 June 1989 (next to be held NA 1993); results--Brig. Gen. Joao Bernardo VIEIRA was reelected without opposition by the National People's Assembly;

National People's Assembly--last held 15 June 1989 (next to be held 15 June 1994); results--PAIGC is the only party; seats--(150 total) PAIGC 150, appointed by Regional Councils

_#_Communists: a few Communists, some sympathizers

_#_Member of: ACCT (associate), ACP, AfDB, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, IOM (observer), ITU, LORCS, NAM, OAU, OIC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO

_#_Diplomatic representation: Ambassador Alfredo Lopes CABRAL; Chancery (temporary) at the Guinea-Bissauan Permanent Mission to the UN, Suite 604, 211 East 43rd Street, New York, NY 10017; telephone (212) 661-3977;

US--Ambassador William L. JACOBSEN, Jr.; Embassy at 17 Avenida Domingos Ramos, Bissau (mailing address is 1067 Bissau Codex, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau); telephone [245] 20-1139, 20-1145, 20-1113

_#_Flag: two equal horizontal bands of yellow (top) and green with a vertical red band on the hoist side; there is a black five-pointed star centered in the red band; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia; similar to the flag of Cape Verde which has the black star raised above the center of the red band and is framed by two corn stalks and a yellow clam shell

_*_Economy _#_Overview: Guinea-Bissau ranks among the poorest countries in the world, with a per capita GDP below $200. Agriculture and fishing are the main economic activities, with cashew nuts, peanuts, and palm kernels the primary exports. Exploitation of known mineral deposits is unlikely at present because of a weak infrastructure and the high cost of development. The government's four-year plan (1988-91) has targeted agricultural development as the top priority.

_#_GDP: $154 million, per capita $160; real growth rate 5.0% (1989)

_#_Inflation rate (consumer prices): 25% (1990 est.)

_#_Unemployment rate: NA%

_#_Budget: revenues $22.7 million; expenditures $30.8 million, including capital expenditures of $18.0 million (1989 est.)

_#_Exports: $14.2 million (f.o.b., 1989 est.);

commodities--cashews, fish, peanuts, palm kernels;

partners--Portugal, Senegal, France, The Gambia, Netherlands, Spain

_#_Imports: $68.9 million (f.o.b., 1989 est.);

commodities--capital equipment, consumer goods, semiprocessed goods, foods, petroleum;

partners--Portugal, Netherlands, Senegal, USSR, Germany

_#_External debt: $462 million (December 1990 est.)

_#_Industrial production: growth rate - 1.0% (1989 est.); accounts for 10% of GDP (1989 est.)

_#_Electricity: 22,000 kW capacity; 28 million kWh produced, 30 kWh per capita (1989)

_#_Industries: agricultural processing, beer, soft drinks

_#_Agriculture: accounts for over 50% of GDP, nearly 100% of exports, and 90% of employment; rice is the staple food; other crops include corn, beans, cassava, cashew nuts, peanuts, palm kernels, and cotton; not self-sufficient in food; fishing and forestry potential not fully exploited

_#_Economic aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $49 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-88), $561 million; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $41 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $68 million

_#_Currency: Guinea-Bissauan peso (plural--pesos); 1 Guinea-Bissauan peso (PG) = 100 centavos

_#_Exchange rates: Guinea-Bissauan pesos (PG) per US$1--1987.2 (1989), 1363.6 (1988), 851.65 (1987), 238.98 (1986), 173.61 (1985)

_#_Fiscal year: calendar year

_*_Communications _#_Highways: 3,218 km; 2,698 km bituminous, remainder earth

_#_Inland waterways: scattered stretches are important to coastal commerce

_#_Ports: Bissau

_#_Civil air: 2 major transport aircraft

_#_Airports: 37 total, 18 usable; 5 with permanent-surface runways; none with runways over 3,659 m; 1 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 5 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

_#_Telecommunications: poor system of radio relay, open-wire lines, and radiocommunications; 3,000 telephones; stations--1 AM, 2 FM, 1 TV; 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth station

_*_Defense Forces _#_Branches: People's Revolutionary Armed Force (FARP; including Army, Navy, Air Force), paramilitary force

_#_Manpower availability: males 15-49, 222,371; 126,797 fit for military service

_#_Defense expenditures: $5 million, 3.2% of GDP (1987) _%_ _@_Guyana _*_Geography _#_Total area: 214,970 km2; land area: 196,850 km2

_#_Comparative area: slightly smaller than Idaho

_#_Land boundaries: 2,462 km total; Brazil 1,119 km, Suriname 600 km, Venezuela 743 km

_#_Coastline: 459 km

_#_Maritime claims:

Continental shelf: outer edge of continental margin or 200 nm;

Exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm;

Territorial sea: 12 nm

_#_Disputes: all of the area west of the Essequibo river claimed by Venezuela; Suriname claims area between New (Upper Courantyne) and Courantyne/Kutari Rivers (all headwaters of the Courantyne)

_#_Climate: tropical; hot, humid, moderated by northeast trade winds; two rainy seasons (May to mid-August, mid-November to mid-January)

_#_Terrain: mostly rolling highlands; low coastal plain; savanna in south

_#_Natural resources: bauxite, gold, diamonds, hardwood timber, shrimp, fish

_#_Land use: arable land 3%; permanent crops NEGL%; meadows and pastures 6%; forest and woodland 83%; other 8%; includes irrigated 1%

_#_Environment: flash floods a constant threat during rainy seasons; water pollution

_*_People _#_Population: 749,508 (July 1991), growth rate - 0.4% (1991)

_#_Birth rate: 23 births/1,000 population (1991)

_#_Death rate: 7 deaths/1,000 population (1991)

_#_Net migration rate: - 20 migrants/1,000 population (1991)

_#_Infant mortality rate: 51 deaths/1,000 live births (1991)

_#_Life expectancy at birth: 61 years male, 68 years female (1991)

_#_Total fertility rate: 2.6 children born/woman (1991)

_#_Nationality: noun--Guyanese (sing., pl.); adjective--Guyanese

_#_Ethnic divisions: East Indian 51%, black and mixed 43%, Amerindian 4%, European and Chinese 2%

_#_Religion: Christian 57%, Hindu 33%, Muslim 9%, other 1%

_#_Language: English, Amerindian dialects

_#_Literacy: 95% (male 98%, female 96%) age 15 and over having ever attended school (1990 est.)

_#_Labor force: 268,000; industry and commerce 44.5%, agriculture 33.8%, services 21.7%; public-sector employment amounts to 60-80% of the total labor force (1985)

_#_Organized labor: 34% of labor force

_*_Government _#_Long-form name: Co-operative Republic of Guyana

_#_Type: republic

_#_Capital: Georgetown

_#_Administrative divisions: 10 regions; Barima-Waini, Cuyuni-Mazaruni, Demerara-Mahaica, East Berbice-Corentyne, Essequibo Islands-West Demerara, Mahaica-Berbice, Pomeroon-Supenaam, Potaro-Siparuni, Upper Demerara-Berbice, Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo

_#_Independence: 26 May 1966 (from UK; formerly British Guiana)

_#_Constitution: 6 October 1980

_#_Legal system: based on English common law with certain admixtures of Roman-Dutch law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

_#_National holiday: Republic Day, 23 February (1970)

_#_Executive branch: executive president, first vice president, prime minister, first deputy prime minister, Cabinet

_#_Legislative branch: unicameral National Assembly

_#_Judicial branch: Supreme Court of Judicature

_#_Leaders:

Chief of State--Executive President Hugh Desmond HOYTE (since 6 August 1985); First Vice President Hamilton GREEN (since 6 August 1985);

Head of Government--Prime Minister Hamilton GREEN (since NA August 1985)

_#_Political parties and leaders: People's National Congress (PNC), Hugh Desmond HOYTE; People's Progressive Party (PPP), Cheddi JAGAN; Working People's Alliance (WPA), Eusi KWAYANA, Rupert ROOPNARINE, Moses BHAGWAN; Democratic Labor Movement (DLM), Paul TENNASSEE; People's Democratic Movement (PDM), Llewellyn JOHN; National Democratic Front (NDF), Joseph BACCHUS; United Force (UF), Marcellus Feilden SINGH; United Republican Party (URP), Leslie RAMSAMMY; National Republican Party (NRP), Robert GANGADEEN

_#_Suffrage: universal at age 18

_#_Elections:

Executive President--last held on 9 December 1985 (next to be held mid-1991); Hugh Desmond HOYTE was elected president (the leader of the party with the most votes in the National Assembly elections);

National Assembly--last held on 9 December 1985 (next to be held mid-1991); results--PNC 78%, PPP 16%, UF 4%, WPA 2%; seats--(65 total, 53 elected) PNC 42, PPP 8, UF 2, WPA 1

_#_Communists: 100 (est.) hardcore within PPP; top echelons of PPP and PYO (Progressive Youth Organization, militant wing of the PPP) include many Communists; small but unknown number of orthodox Marxist-Leninists within PNC, some of whom formerly belonged to the PPP

_#_Other political or pressure groups: Trades Union Congress (TUC); Guyanese Action for Reform and Democracy (GUARD) includes various labor groups as well as several of the smaller parties; Guyana Council of Indian Organizations (GCIO); Civil Liberties Action Committee (CLAC); the latter two organizations are small and active but not well organized; Guyanese Action for Reform and Democracy (GUARD) includes various labor groups, as well as several of the smaller political

## parties

_#_Member of: ACP, C, CARICOM, CCC, CDB, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, GATT, IADB, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, LAES, LORCS, NAM, OAS, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WMO

_#_Diplomatic representation: Ambassador Dr. Cedric Hilburn GRANT; Chancery at 2490 Tracy Place NW, Washington DC 20008; telephone (202) 265-6900; there is a Guyanese Consulate General in New York;

US--Ambassador George JONES; Embassy at 31 Main Street, Georgetown; telephone [592] (02) 54900 through 54909

_#_Flag: green with a red isosceles triangle (based on the hoist side) superimposed on a long yellow arrowhead; there is a narrow black border between the red and yellow, and a narrow white border between the yellow and the green

_*_Economy _#_Overview: After growing on average at less than 1% a year in 1986-87, GDP dropped by 3% a year in 1988-89. The decline resulted from bad weather, labor trouble in the canefields, and flooding and equipment problems in the bauxite industry. Consumer prices rose about 35% in 1988 and by over 100% in 1989, and the current account deficit widened substantially as sugar and bauxite exports fell. Moreover, electric power is in short supply and constitutes a major barrier to future gains in national output. The government, in association with international financial agencies, seeks to reduce its payment arrears and to raise new funds. The government's stabilization program--aimed at establishing realistic exchange rates, reasonable price stability, and a resumption of growth--requires considerable public administrative abilities and continued patience by consumers during a long incubation period.

_#_GDP: $287.2 million, per capita $380; real growth rate - 3.3% (1989)

_#_Inflation rate (consumer prices): 105% (1989)

_#_Unemployment rate: 12-15% (1991 est.)

_#_Budget: revenues $65 million; expenditures $129 million, including capital expenditures of $6 million (1989 est.)

_#_Exports: $234 million (f.o.b., 1991 est.);

commodities--bauxite, sugar, gold, rice, shrimp, molasses, timber, rum;

partners--UK 31%, US 23%, CARICOM 7%, Canada 6% (1988)

_#_Imports: $319 million (c.i.f., 1991 est.);

commodities--manufactures machinery, food, petroleum;

partners--US 33%, CARICOM 10%, UK 9%, Canada 2% (1989)

_#_External debt: $1.7 billion, including arrears (December 1990 est.)

_#_Industrial production: growth rate - 10.0% (1989 est.); accounts for more than 20% of GDP

_#_Electricity: 250,000 kW capacity; 635 million kWh produced, 830 kWh per capita (1990)

_#_Industries: bauxite mining, sugar, rice milling, timber, fishing (shrimp), textiles, gold mining

_#_Agriculture: most important sector, accounting for 27% of GDP and about 50% of exports; sugar and rice are key crops; development potential exists for fishing and forestry; not self-sufficient in food, especially wheat, vegetable oils, and animal products

_#_Economic aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $116 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-88), $244 million; Communist countries 1970-89, $242 million

_#_Currency: Guyanese dollar (plural--dollars); 1 Guyanese dollar (G$) = 100 cents

_#_Exchange rates: Guyanese dollars (G$) per US$1--45.00 (since June 1990), 39.533 (1990), 27.159 (1989), 10.000 (1988), 9.756 (1987), 4.272 (1986), 4.252 (1985)

_#_Fiscal year: calendar year

_*_Communications _#_Railroads: 187 km total, all single track 0.914-meter gauge

_#_Highways: 7,665 km total; 550 km paved, 5,000 km gravel, 1,525 km earth, 590 km unimproved

_#_Inland waterways: 6,000 km total of navigable waterways; Berbice, Demerara, and Essequibo Rivers are navigable by oceangoing vessels for 150 km, 100 km, and 80 km, respectively

_#_Ports: Georgetown

_#_Civil air: 5 major transport aircraft

_#_Airports: 58 total, 55 usable; 5 with permanent-surface runways; none with runways over 3,659 m; none with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 14 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

_#_Telecommunications: fair system with radio relay network; over 27,000 telephones; tropospheric scatter link to Trinidad; stations--4 AM, 3 FM, no TV, 1 shortwave; 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth station

_*_Defense Forces _#_Branches: Guyana Defense Force (GDF; includes Coast Guard and Air Corps), Guyana Police Force (GPF), Guyana People's Militia (GPM), Guyana National Service (GNS)

_#_Manpower availability: males 15-49, 195,142; 148,477 fit for military service

_#_Defense expenditures: $5.5 million, 6% of GDP (1989 est.) _%_ _@_Haiti _*_Geography _#_Total area: 27,750 km2; land area: 27,560 km2

_#_Comparative area: slightly larger than Maryland

_#_Land boundary: 275 km with the Dominican Republic

_#_Coastline: 1,771 km

_#_Maritime claims:

Contiguous zone: 24 nm;

Continental shelf: to depth of exploitation;

Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm;

Territorial sea: 12 nm

_#_Disputes: claims US-administered Navassa Island

_#_Climate: tropical; semiarid where mountains in east cut off trade winds

_#_Terrain: mostly rough and mountainous

_#_Natural resources: bauxite

_#_Land use: arable land 20%; permanent crops 13%; meadows and pastures 18%; forest and woodland 4%; other 45%; includes irrigated 3%

_#_Environment: lies in the middle of the hurricane belt and subject to severe storms from June to October; occasional flooding and earthquakes; deforestation; soil erosion

_#_Note: shares island of Hispaniola with Dominican Republic

_*_People _#_Population: 6,286,511 (July 1991), growth rate 2.3% (1991)

_#_Birth rate: 43 births/1,000 population (1991)

_#_Death rate: 15 deaths/1,000 population (1991)

_#_Net migration rate: - 5 migrants/1,000 population (1991)

_#_Infant mortality rate: 106 deaths/1,000 live births (1991)

_#_Life expectancy at birth: 52 years male, 55 years female (1991)

_#_Total fertility rate: 6.3 children born/woman (1991)

_#_Nationality: noun--Haitian(s); adjective--Haitian

_#_Ethnic divisions: black 95%, mulatto and European 5%

_#_Religion: Roman Catholic is the official religion; Roman Catholic 80% (of which an overwhelming majority also practice Voodoo), Protestant 16% (Baptist 10%, Pentecostal 4%, Adventist 1%, other 1%), none 1%, other 3% (1982)

_#_Language: French (official) spoken by only 10% of population; all speak Creole

_#_Literacy: 53% (male 59%, female 47%) age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)

_#_Labor force: 2,300,000; agriculture 66%, services 25%, industry 9%; shortage of skilled labor, unskilled labor abundant (1982)

_#_Organized labor: NA

_*_Government _#_Long-form name: Republic of Haiti

_#_Type: republic

_#_Capital: Port-au-Prince

_#_Administrative divisions: 9 departments, (departements, singular--departement); Artibonite, Centre, Grand'Anse, Nord, Nord-Est, Nord-Ouest, Ouest, Sud, Sud-Est

_#_Independence: 1 January 1804 (from France)

_#_Constitution: 27 August 1983, suspended February 1986; draft constitution approved March 1987, suspended June 1988, most articles reinstated March 1989; March 1987 Constitution fully observed by government installed on 7 February 1991

_#_Legal system: based on Roman civil law system; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

_#_National holiday: Independence Day, 1 January (1804)

_#_Executive branch: president, Council of Ministers (cabinet)

_#_Legislative branch: bicameral National Assembly (Assemblee Nationale) consisting of an upper house or Senate and a lower house or House of Deputies

_#_Judicial branch: Court of Appeal (Cour de Cassation)

_#_Leaders:

Chief of State--President Jean-Bertrand ARISTIDE (since 7 February 1991);

Head of Government--Prime Minister Rene PREVAL (since 13 February 1991)

_#_Political parties and leaders: National Front for Change and Democracy (FNCD) led by Jean-Bertrand ARISTIDE, including Congress of Democratic Movements (CONACOM), Victor BENOIT; National Konbite Movement (MKN), Volvick Remy JOSEPH; National Alliance for Democracy and Progress (ANDP), a coalition consisting of Movement for the Installation of Democracy in Haiti (MIDH), Marc BAZIN; National Progressive Revolutionary Party (PANPRA), Serge GILLES; and National Patriotic Movement of November 28 (MNP-28), Dejean BELIZAIRE; National Agricultural and Industrial Party (PAIN), Louis DEJOIE; Movement for National Reconstruction (MRN), Rene THEODORE; Haitian Christian Democratic Party (PDCH), Sylvio CLAUDE; Assembly of Progressive National Democrats (RDNP), Leslie MANIGAT; National Party of Labor (PNT), Thomas DESULME; Mobilization for National Development (MDN), Hubert DE RONCERAY; Democratic Movement for the Liberation of Haiti (MODELH), Francois LATORTUE; Haitian Social Christian Party (PSCH), Gregoire EUGENE; Movement for the Organization of the Country (MOP), Gesner COMEAU

_#_Suffrage: universal at age 18

_#_Elections:

President--last held 16 December 1990 (next election to be held by December 1995); results--Rev. Jean-Bertrand ARISTIDE 67.5%, Marc BAZIN 14.2%, Louis DEJOIE 4.9%;

Senate--last held 16 December 1990, with runoff held 20 January 1991 (next to be held by December 1992); results--percent of vote NA; seats--(27) FNCD 13, ANDP 6, PAIN 2, MRN 2, PDCH 1, RDNP 1, PNT 1, independent 1;

Chamber of Deputies--last held 16 December 1990, with runoff held 20 January 1991 (next to be held by December 1994); results--percent of vote NA; seats--(83) FNCD 27, ANDP 17, PDCH 7, PAIN 6, RDNP 6, MDN 5, PNT 3, MKN 2, MODELH 2, MRN 1, independent 5, other 2

_#_Communists: United Party of Haitian Communists (PUCH), Rene THEODORE (roughly 2,000 members)

_#_Other political or pressure groups: Democratic Unity Confederation (KID), Roman Catholic Church, Confederation of Haitian Workers (CTH), Federation of Workers Trade Unions (FOS), Autonomous Haitian Workers (CATH), National Popular Assembly (APN)

_#_Member of: ACCT, CARICOM (observer), CCC, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, LAES, LORCS, OAS, OPANAL, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

_#_Diplomatic representation: Ambassador (vacant), Charge d'Affaires Raymond Alcide JOSEPH; Chancery at 2311 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington DC 20008; telephone (202) 332-4090 through 4092; there are Haitian Consulates General in Boston, Chicago, Miami, New York, and San Juan (Puerto Rico);

US--Ambassador Alvin P. ADAMS, Jr.; Embassy at Harry Truman Boulevard, Port-au-Prince (mailing address is P. O. Box 1761, Port-au-Prince), telephone [509] (1) 20-354 or 20-368, 20-200, 20-612

_#_Flag: two equal horizontal bands of blue (top) and red with a centered white rectangle bearing the coat of arms which contains a palm tree flanked by flags and two cannons above a scroll bearing the motto L'UNION FAIT LA FORCE (Union Makes Strength)

_*_Economy _#_Overview: About 85% of the population live in abject poverty. Agriculture is mainly small-scale subsistence farming and employs two-thirds of the work force. The majority of the population does not have ready access to safe drinking water, adequate medical care, or sufficient food. Few social assistance programs exist, and the lack of employment opportunities remains one of the most critical problems facing the economy, along with soil erosion and political instability.

_#_GDP: $2.7 billion, per capita $440; real growth rate - 3.0% (1990 est.)

_#_Inflation rate (consumer prices): 20% (1990 est.)

_#_Unemployment rate: 25-50% (1990 est.)

_#_Budget: revenues $300 million; expenditures $416 million, including capital expenditures of $145 million (1990 est.)

_#_Exports: $169 million (f.o.b., 1990 est.);

commodities--light manufactures 69%, coffee 19%, other agriculture 8%, other 8%;

partners--US 84%, Italy 4%, France 3%, other industrial 6%, less developed countries 3% (1987)

_#_Imports: $348 million (c.i.f., 1990 est.);

commodities--machines and manufactures 34%, food and beverages 22%, petroleum products 14%, chemicals 10%, fats and oils 9%;

partners--US 64%, Netherlands Antilles 5%, Japan 5%, France 4%, Canada 3%, Germany 3% (1987)

_#_External debt: $838 million (December 1990)

_#_Industrial production: growth rate 0.3% (FY88); accounts for 15% of GDP

_#_Electricity: 230,000 kW capacity; 264 million kWh produced, 43 kWh per capita (1990)

_#_Industries: sugar refining, textiles, flour milling, cement manufacturing, tourism, light assembly industries based on imported parts

_#_Agriculture: accounts for 33% of GDP and employs 66% of work force; mostly small-scale subsistence farms; commercial crops--coffee, mangoes, sugarcane and wood; staple crops--rice, corn, sorghum; shortage of wheat flour

_#_Illicit drugs: transshipment point for cocaine

_#_Economic aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $700 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-88), $682 million

_#_Currency: gourde (plural--gourdes); 1 gourde (G) = 100 centimes

_#_Exchange rates: gourdes (G) per US$1-- 5.0 (fixed rate)

_#_Fiscal year: 1 October-30 September

_*_Communications _#_Railroads: 40 km 0.760-meter narrow gauge, single-track, privately owned industrial line

_#_Highways: 4,000 km total; 950 km paved, 900 km otherwise improved, 2,150 km unimproved

_#_Inland waterways: negligible; less than 100 km navigable

_#_Ports: Port-au-Prince, Cap-Haitien

_#_Civil air: 4 major transport aircraft

_#_Airports: 15 total, 10 usable; 3 with permanent-surface runways; none with runways over 3,659 m; 1 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 4 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

_#_Telecommunications: domestic facilities barely adequate, international facilities slightly better; 36,000 telephones; stations--33 AM, no FM, 4 TV, 2 shortwave; 1 Atlantic Ocean earth station