Part 68
US--unofficial commercial and cultural relations with the people of Taiwan are maintained through a private institution, the American Institute in Taiwan (AIT), which has offices in Taipei at #7 Lane 134, telephone [886] (2) 709-2000, and in Kao-hsiung at #2 Chung Cheng 3d Road, telephone [886] (7) 224-0154 through 0157, and the American Trade Center at Room 3207 International Trade Building, Taipei World Trade Center, 333 Keelung Road Section 1, Taipei 10548, telephone [886] (2) 720-1550
_#_Flag: red with a dark blue rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner bearing a white sun with 12 triangular rays
_*_Economy _#_Overview: Taiwan has a dynamic capitalist economy with considerable government guidance of investment and foreign trade and partial government ownership of some large banks and industrial firms. Real growth in GNP has averaged about 9% a year during the past three decades. Export growth has been even faster and has provided the impetus for industrialization. Agriculture contributes about 4% to GNP, down from 35% in 1952. Taiwan currently ranks as number 13 among major trading countries. Traditional labor-intensive industries are steadily being replaced with more capital- and technology-intensive industries.
_#_GNP: $150.8 billion, per capita $7,380; real growth rate 5.2% (1990)
_#_Inflation rate (consumer prices): 4.4% (1990)
_#_Unemployment rate: 1.7% (1990)
_#_Budget: revenues $30.3 billion; expenditures $30.1 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY91 est.)
_#_Exports: $67.2 billion (f.o.b., 1990);
commodities--textiles 15.6%, electrical machinery 18.2%, general machinery and equipment 14.8%, basic metals and metal products 7.8%, foodstuffs 1.7%, plywood and wood products 1.6% (1989);
partners--US 36.2%, Japan 13.7% (1989)
_#_Imports: $54.7 billion (c.i.f., 1990);
commodities--machinery and equipment 15.3%, crude oil 5%, chemical and chemical products 11.1%, basic metals 13.0%, foodstuffs 2.2% (1989);
partners--Japan 31%, US 23%, FRG 5% (1989)
_#_External debt: $1.1 billion (December 1990 est.)
_#_Industrial production: growth rate 4.7% (1990 est.)
_#_Electricity: 17,000,000 kW capacity; 68,000 million kWh produced, 3,310 kWh per capita (1990)
_#_Industries: electronics, textiles, chemicals, clothing, food processing, plywood, sugar milling, cement, shipbuilding, petroleum
_#_Agriculture: accounts for 4% of GNP and 16% of labor force (includes part-time farmers); heavily subsidized sector; major crops--vegetables, rice, fruit, tea; livestock--hogs, poultry, beef, milk, cattle; not self-sufficient in wheat, soybeans, corn; fish catch increasing, 1.4 million metric tons (1988)
_#_Economic aid: US, including Ex-Im (FY46-82), $4.6 billion; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-88), $445 million
_#_Currency: New Taiwan dollar (plural--dollars); 1 New Taiwan dollar (NT$) = 100 cents
_#_Exchange rates: New Taiwan dollars per US$1--27.2 (January 1991), 27.243 (November 1990), 26.407 (1989), 28.589 (1988), 31.845 (1987), 37.838 (1986), 39.849 (1985)
_#_Fiscal year: 1 July-30 June
_*_Communications _#_Railroads: about 4,600 km total track with 1,075 km common carrier lines and 3,525 km industrial lines; common carrier lines consist of the 1.067-meter gauge 708 km West Line and the 367 km East Line; a 98.25 km South Link Line connection is under construction; common carrier lines owned by the government and operated by the Railway Administration under Ministry of Communications; industrial lines owned and operated by government enterprises
_#_Highways: 20,041 km total; 17,095 km bituminous or concrete, 2,371 km crushed stone or gravel, 575 km graded earth
_#_Pipelines: 615 km refined products, 97 km natural gas
_#_Ports: Kao-hsiung, Chi-lung (Keelung), Hua-lien, Su-ao, T'ai-tung
_#_Merchant marine: 226 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 6,557,167 GRT/9,153,646 DWT; includes 1 short-sea passenger, 52 cargo, 17 refrigerated cargo, 75 container, 15 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 3 combination ore/oil, 1 specialized tanker, 62 bulk
_#_Airports: 38 total, 37 usable; 33 with permanent-surface runways; 3 with runways over 3,659 m; 16 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 8 with runways 1,220-2,439 m
_#_Telecommunications: best developed system in Asia outside of Japan; 7,800,000 telephones; extensive microwave transmission links on east and west coasts; stations--91 AM, 23 FM, 15 TV (13 relays); 8,620,000 radios; 6,386,000 TVs (5,680,000 color, 706,000 monochrome); earth stations--1 Pacific Ocean INTELSAT and 1 Indian Ocean INTELSAT; submarine cable links to Japan (Okinawa), the Philippines, Guam, Singapore, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Australia, Middle East, and Western Europe
_*_Defense Forces _#_Branches: Army, Navy (including Marines), Air Force, Taiwan Garrison Command, Ministry of National Defense
_#_Manpower availability: males 15-49, 5,874,345; 4,577,294 fit for military service; about 187,807 currently reach military age (19) annually
_#_Defense expenditures: $9.10 billion, 4.5% of GDP (FY91) _%_
Appendix A: The United Nations System
The UN is composed of six principal organs and numerous subordinate agencies and bodies as follows:
1) Secretariat
2) General Assembly: UNCHS United Nations Center for Human Settlements (Habitat) UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development UNDP United Nations Development Program UNEP United Nations Environment Program UNFPA United Nations Population Fund UNHCR United Nations Office of High Commissioner for Refugees UNICEF United Nations Children's Fund UNITAR United Nations Institute for Training and Research UNRWA United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East UNSF United Nations Special Fund UNU United Nations University WFC World Food Council WFP World Food Program
3) Security Council: UNAVEM United Nations Angola Verification Mission UNDOF United Nations Disengagement Observer Force UNFICYP United Nations Force in Cyprus UNIFIL United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon UNIIMOG United Nations Iran-Iraq Military Observer Group UNMOGIP United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan UNTSO United Nations Truce Supervision Organization
4) Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC): Specialized agencies FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization IDA International Development Association IFAD International Fund for Agricultural Development IFC International Finance Corporation ILO International Labor Organization IMF International Monetary Fund IMO International Maritime Organization ITU International Telecommunication Union UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization UNIDO United Nations Industrial Development Organization UPU Universal Postal Union WHO World Health Organization WIPO World Intellectual Property Organization WMO World Meteorological Organization Related organizations GATT General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency Regional commissions ECA Economic Commission for Africa ECE Economic Commission for Europe ECLAC Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean ESCAP Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific ESCWA Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia Functional commissions Commission on Human Rights Commission on Narcotic Drugs Commission for Social Development Commission on the Status of Women Population Commission Statistical Commission
5) Trusteeship Council
6) International Court of Justice (ICJ)
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Appendix B: Abbreviations for International Organizations and Groups
ABEDA Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa ACC Arab Cooperation Council ACCT Agency for Cultural and Technical Cooperation ACP African, Caribbean, and Pacific Countries AfDB African Development Bank AFESD Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development AG Andean Group AL Arab League ALADI Asociacion Latinoamericana de Integracion; see Latin American Integration Association (LAIA) AMF Arab Monetary Fund AMU Arab Maghreb Union ANZUS Australia-New Zealand-United States Security Treaty APEC Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation AsDB Asian Development Bank ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations
BAD Banque Africaine de Developpement; see African Development Bank (AfDB) BADEA Banque Arabe de Developpement Economique en Afrique; see Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa (ABEDA) BCIE Banco Centroamericano de Integracion Economico; see Central American Bank for Economic Integration (BCIE) BDEAC Banque de Developpment des Etats de l'Afrique Centrale; see Central African States Development Bank (BDEAC) Benelux Benelux Economic Union BID Banco Interamericano de Desarvollo; see Inter-American Development Bank (IADB) BIS Bank for International Settlements BOAD Banque Ouest-Africaine de Developpement; see West African Development Bank (WADB)
C Commonwealth CACM Central American Common Market CAEU Council of Arab Economic Unity CARICOM Caribbean Community and Common Market CCC Customs Cooperation Council CDB Caribbean Development Bank CE Council of Europe CEAO Communaute Economique de l'Afrique de l'Ouest; see West African Economic Community (CEAO) CEEAC Communaute Economique des Etats de l'Afrique Centrale; see Economic Community of Central African States (CEEAC) CEMA Council for Mutual Economic Assistance; also known as CMEA or Comecon; abolished 1 January 1991 CEPGL Communaute Economique des Pays des Grands Lacs; see Economic Community of the Great Lakes Countries (CEPGL) CERN Conseil Europeen pour la Recherche Nucleaire; see European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) CG Contadora Group CMEA Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CEMA); also known as Comecon; abolished 1 January 1991 COCOM Coordinating Committee on Export Controls Comecon Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CEMA); also known as CMEA; abolished 1 January 1991 CP Colombo Plan CSCE Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe
DC developed country
EADB East African Development Bank EBRD European Bank for Reconstruction and Development EC European Community ECA Economic Commission for Africa ECAFE Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East; see Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) ECE Economic Commission for Europe ECLA Economic Commission for Latin America; see Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) ECLAC Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean ECOSOC Economic and Social Council ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States ECWA Economic Commission for Western Asia; see Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA) EFTA European Free Trade Association EIB European Investment Bank Entente Council of the Entente ESA European Space Agency ESCAP Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific ESCWA Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia
FAO Food and Agriculture Organization FLS Front Line States FZ Franc Zone
G-2 Group of 2 G-3 Group of 3 G-5 Group of 5 G-6 Group of 6 (not to be confused with the Big Six) G-7 Group of 7 G-8 Group of 8 G-9 Group of 9 G-10 Group of 10 G-11 Group of 11 G-19 Group of 19 G-24 Group of 24 G-30 Group of 30 G-33 Group of 33 G-77 Group of 77 GATT General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade GCC Gulf Cooperation Council
Habitat see United Nations Center for Human Settlements (UNCHS)
IADB Inter-American Development Bank IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency IBEC International Bank for Economic Cooperation IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization ICC International Chamber of Commerce ICEM Intergovernmental Committee for European Migration; see International Organization for Migration (IOM) ICFTU International Confederation of Free Trade Unions ICJ International Court of Justice ICM Intergovernmental Committee for Migration; see International Organization for Migration (IOM) ICRC International Committee of the Red Cross IDA International Development Association IDB Islamic Development Bank IEA International Energy Agency IFAD International Fund for Agricultural Development IFC International Finance Corporation IGADD Inter-Governmental Authority on Drought and Development IIB International Investment Bank ILO International Labor Organization IMCO Intergovernmental Maritime Consultative Organization; see International Maritime Organization (IMO) IMF International Monetary Fund IMO International Maritime Organization INMARSAT International Maritime Satellite Organization INTELSAT International Telecommunications Satellite Organization INTERPOL International Criminal Police Organization IOC International Olympic Committee IOM International Organization for Migration ISO International Organization for Standardization ITU International Telecommunication Union
LAES Latin American Economic System LAIA Latin American Integration Association LAS League of Arab States; see Arab League (AL) LDC less developed country LLDC least developed country LORCS League of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
NAM Nonaligned Movement NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization NC Nordic Council NEA Nuclear Energy Agency NIB Nordic Investment Bank NIC newly industrializing country; see newly industrializing economy (NIE) NIE newly industrializing economy
OAPEC Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries OAS Organization of American States OAU Organization of African Unity OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development OECS Organization of Eastern Caribbean States OIC Organization of the Islamic Conference OPANAL Agency for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean OPEC Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
PCA Permanent Court of Arbitration
RG Rio Group
SAARC South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation SACU Southern African Customs Union SADCC Southern African Development Coordination Conference SELA Sistema Economico Latinoamericana; see Latin American Economic System (LAES) SPC South Pacific Commission SPF South Pacific Forum
UDEAC Union Douaniere et Economique de l'Afrique Centrale; see Central African Customs and Economic Union (UDEAC) UN United Nations UNAVEM United Nations Angola Verification Mission UNCHS United National Center for Human Settlements (also known as Habitat) UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development UNDOF United Nations Disengagement Observer Force UNDP United Nations Development Program UNEP United Nations Environment Program UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization UNFICYP United Nations Force in Cyprus UNFPA United Nations Fund for Population Activities; see UN Population Fund (UNFPA) UNHCR United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees UNICEF United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund; see United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) UNIDO United Nations Industrial Development Organization UNIFIL United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon UNIIMOG United Nations Iran-Iraq Military Observer Group UNMOGIP United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan UNRWA United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East UNTSO United Nations Truce Supervision Organization UPU Universal Postal Union USSR/EE USSR/Eastern Europe
WADB West African Development Bank WCL World Confederation of Labor WEU Western European Union WFC World Food Council WFP World Food Program WFTU World Federation of Trade Unions WHO World Health Organization WIPO World Intellectual Property Organization WMO World Meteorological Organization WP Warsaw Pact (members met 1 July 1991 to dissolve the alliance) WTO World Tourism Organization
note: not all international organizations and groups have abbreviations
=========================================================================
Appendix C: International Organizations and Groups
------------------------------------------------------------------------- _#_advanced developing countries--another term for those less developed countries (LDCs) with particularly rapid industrial development; see newly industrializing economies (NIEs) ------------------------------------------------------------------------- _#_African, Caribbean, and Pacific Countries (ACP)
established--1 April 1976;
aim--members have a preferential economic and aid relationship with the EC;
members--(66) Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Benin, Botswana, Burkina, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Djibouti, Dominica, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Grenada, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Kenya, Kiribati, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tuvalu, Uganda, Vanuatu, Western Samoa, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe ------------------------------------------------------------------------- _#_African Development Bank (AfDB), also known as Banque Africaine de Developpement (BAD);
established--4 August 1963;
aim--to promote economic and social development;
regional members--(50) Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe;
nonregional members--(25) Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Kuwait, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, US, Yugoslavia ------------------------------------------------------------------------- _#_Agence de Cooperation Culturelle et Technique (ACCT)--see Agency for Cultural and Technical Cooperation (ACCT) ------------------------------------------------------------------------- _#_Agency for Cultural and Technical Cooperation (ACCT)--acronym from Agence de Cooperation Culturelle et Technique;
established--21 March 1970;
aim--to promote cultural and technical cooperation among French-speaking countries;
members--(30) Belgium, Benin, Burkina, Burundi, Canada, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Djibouti, Dominica, France, Gabon, Guinea, Haiti, Ivory Coast, Lebanon, Luxembourg, Mali, Mauritius, Monaco, Niger, Rwanda, Senegal, Seychelles, Togo, Tunisia, Vanuatu, Vietnam, Zaire;
associate members--(7) Cameroon, Egypt, Guinea-Bissau, Laos, Mauritania, Morocco, Saint Lucia;
## participating governments--(2) New Brunswick (Canada),
Quebec (Canada) ------------------------------------------------------------------------- _#_Agency for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean (OPANAL)--acronym from Organismo para la Proscripcion de las Armas Nucleares en la America Latina y el Caribe (OPANAL);
established--14 February 1967;
aim--to encourage the peaceful uses of atomic energy and prohibit nuclear weapons;
members--(25) Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, Barbados, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, Venezuela;
_@_observer--(1) Cuba ------------------------------------------------------------------------- _#_Andean Group (AG)
established--26 May 1969, effective 16 October 1969;
aim--to promote harmonious development through economic integration;
members--(5) Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela;
associate member--(1) Panama;
observers--(26) Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Costa Rica, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France, Germany, India, Israel, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Netherlands, Paraguay, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, US, Uruguay, Yugoslavia ------------------------------------------------------------------------- _#_Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa (ABEDA), also known as Banque Arabe de Developpement Economique en Afrique (BADEA);
established--18 February 1974, effective 16 September 1974;
aim--to promote economic development;
members--(17 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, UAE, Palestine Liberation Organization; note--these are all the members of the Arab League except Djibouti, Somalia, and Yemen ------------------------------------------------------------------------- _#_Arab Cooperation Council (ACC)
established--16 February 1989;
aim--to promote economic cooperation and integration, possibly leading to an Arab Common Market;
members--(4) Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Yemen ------------------------------------------------------------------------- _#_Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development (AFESD)
established--16 May 1968;
aim--to promote economic and social development;
members--(20 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Algeria, Bahrain, Djibouti, Egypt (suspended from 1979 to 1988), Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, UAE, Yemen, Palestine Liberation Organization ------------------------------------------------------------------------- _#_Arab League (AL), also known as League of Arab States (LAS);
established--22 March 1945;
aim--to promote economic, social, political, and military cooperation;
members--(20 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Algeria, Bahrain, Djibouti, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, UAE, Yemen, Palestine Liberation Organization ------------------------------------------------------------------------- _#_Arab Maghreb Union (AMU)
established--17 February 1989;
aim--to promote cooperation and integration among the Arab states of northern Africa;
members--(5) Algeria, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Tunisia ------------------------------------------------------------------------- _#_Arab Monetary Fund (AMF)
established--27 April 1976, effective 2 February 1977;
aim--to promote Arab cooperation, development, and integration in monetary and economic affairs;
members--(19 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, UAE, Yemen, Palestine Liberation Organization ------------------------------------------------------------------------- _#_Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)
established--NA November 1989;
aim--to promote trade and investment in the Pacific basin;
members--(12) all ASEAN members (Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand) plus Australia, Canada, Japan, South Korea, NZ, US ------------------------------------------------------------------------- _#_Asian Development Bank (AsDB)
established--19 December 1966;
aim--to promote regional economic cooperation;
regional members--(34) Afghanistan, Australia, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Burma, Cambodia, China, Cook Islands, Fiji, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Japan, Kiribati, South Korea, Laos, Malaysia, Maldives, Mongolia, Nepal, NZ, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Tonga, Turkey, Vanuatu, Vietnam, Western Samoa;
nonregional members--(15) Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, US ------------------------------------------------------------------------- _#_Asociacion Latinoamericana de Integracion (ALADI)--see Latin American Integration Association (LAIA) ------------------------------------------------------------------------- _#_Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)
established--9 August 1967;
aim--regional economic, social, and cultural cooperation among the non-Communist countries of Southeast Asia;
members--(6) Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand;
observer--(1) Papua New Guinea ------------------------------------------------------------------------- _#_Australia-New Zealand-United States Security Treaty (ANZUS)
established--1 September 1951, effective 29 April 1952;
aim--trilateral mutual security agreement, although the US suspended security obligations to NZ on 11 August 1986;
members--(3) Australia, NZ, US ------------------------------------------------------------------------- _#_Banco Centroamericano de Integracion Economico (BCIE)--see Central American Bank for Economic Integration (BCIE) ------------------------------------------------------------------------- _#_Banco Interamericano de Desarvollo (BID)--see Inter-American Development Bank (IADB) ------------------------------------------------------------------------- _#_Bank for International Settlements (BIS)
established--20 January 1930, effective 17 March 1930;
aim--to promote cooperation among central banks in international financial settlements;
members--(29) Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, UK, US, Yugoslavia ------------------------------------------------------------------------- _#_Banque Africaine de Developpement (BAD)--see African Development Bank (AfDB) ------------------------------------------------------------------------- _#_Banque Arabe de Developpement Economique en Afrique (BADEA)--see Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa (ABEDA) ------------------------------------------------------------------------- _#_Banque de Developpement des Etats de l'Afrique Centrale (BDEAC)--see Central African States Development Bank (BDEAC) ------------------------------------------------------------------------- _#_Banque Ouest-Africaine de Developpement (BOAD)--see West African Development Bank (WADB) ------------------------------------------------------------------------- _#_Benelux Economic Union (Benelux)--acronym from Belgium, Netherlands, and Luxembourg;
established--3 February 1958, effective 1 November 1960;
aim--to develop closer economic cooperation and integration;
members--(3) Belgium, Luxembourg, Netherlands ------------------------------------------------------------------------- _#_Big Seven--membership is the same as the Group of 7;
established--NA;
aim--to discuss and coordinate major economic policies;
members--(7) Big Six (Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, UK) plus the US ------------------------------------------------------------------------- _#_Big Six--not to be confused with the Group of 6;
established--NA;
aim--economic cooperation;
members--(6) Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, UK ------------------------------------------------------------------------- _#_Caribbean Community and Common Market (CARICOM)
established--4 July 1973, effective 1 August 1973;
aim--to promote economic integration and development, especially among the less developed countries;
members--(13) Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, Montserrat, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago;
observers--(7) Anguilla, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Netherlands Antilles, Suriname ------------------------------------------------------------------------- _#_Caribbean Development Bank (CDB)
established--18 October 1969, effective 26 January 1970;
aim--to promote economic development and cooperation;
regional members--(20) Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Colombia, Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, Mexico, Montserrat, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, Turks and Caicos Islands, Venezuela;
nonregional members--(3) Canada, France, UK ------------------------------------------------------------------------- _#_Cartagena Group--see Group of 11 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- _#_Central African Customs and Economic Union (UDEAC)--acronym from Union Douaniere et Economique de l'Afrique Centrale;
established--8 December 1964, effective 1 January 1966;
aim--to promote the establishment of a Central African Common Market;
members--(6) Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon ------------------------------------------------------------------------- _#_Central African States Development Bank (BDEAC)--acronym from Banque de Developpement des Etats de l'Afrique Centrale;
established--3 December 1975;
aim--to provide loans for economic development;
members--(9) Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, France, Gabon, Germany, Kuwait ------------------------------------------------------------------------- _#_Central American Bank for Economic Integration (BCIE)--acronym from Banco Centroamericano de Integracion Economico;
established--13 December 1960;
aim--to promote economic integration and development;
members--(5) Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua ------------------------------------------------------------------------- _#_Central American Common Market (CACM)
established--13 December 1960, effective 3 June 1961;
aim--to promote establishment of a Central American Common Market;
members--(5) Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua ------------------------------------------------------------------------- _#_centrally planned economies--a term applied mainly to the traditionally Communist states that looked to the USSR for leadership; many are now evolving toward more democratic and market-oriented systems; also known formerly as the Second World or as the Communist countries; through the 1980s, this group included Albania, Bulgaria, Cambodia, China, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, GDR, Hungary, North Korea, Laos, Mongolia, Poland, Romania, USSR, Vietnam, Yugoslavia ------------------------------------------------------------------------- _#_Colombo Plan (CP)
established--1 July 1951;
aim--to promote economic and social development in Asia and the Pacific;
members--(26) Afghanistan, Australia, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Burma, Cambodia, Canada, Fiji, India, Indonesia, Iran, Japan, South Korea, Laos, Malaysia, Maldives, Nepal, NZ, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, UK, US ------------------------------------------------------------------------- _#_Commission for Social Development
established--21 June 1946 as the Social Commission, renamed 29 July 1966;
aim--ECOSOC organization dealing with social development programs;
members--(32) selected on a rotating basis from all regions ------------------------------------------------------------------------- _#_Commission on Human Rights
established--18 February 1946;
aim--ECOSOC organization dealing with human rights;
members--(43) selected on a rotating basis from all regions ------------------------------------------------------------------------- _#_Commission on Narcotic Drugs
established--16 February 1946;
aim--ECOSOC organization dealing with illicit drugs;
members--(40) selected on a rotating basis from all regions with emphasis on producing and processing countries ------------------------------------------------------------------------- _#_Commission on the Status of Women
established--21 June 1946;
aim--ECOSOC organization dealing with women's rights;
members--(32) selected on a rotating basis from all regions ------------------------------------------------------------------------- _#_Commonwealth (C)
established--31 December 1931;
aim--voluntary association that evolved from the British Empire and that seeks to foster multinational cooperation and assistance;
members--(48) Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, The Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Botswana, Brunei, Canada, Cyprus, Dominica, The Gambia, Ghana, Grenada, Guyana, India, Jamaica, Kenya, Kiribati, Lesotho, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Malta, Mauritius, Namibia, NZ, Nigeria, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Swaziland, Tanzania, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Uganda, UK, Vanuatu, Western Samoa, Zambia, Zimbabwe;