Part 63

_#_Organized labor: 16,729,000 members; 16.1% of total wage and salary employment which was 103,905,000 (1990)

_*_Government _#_Long-form name: United States of America; abbreviated US or USA

_#_Type: federal republic; strong democratic tradition

_#_Capital: Washington, DC

_#_Administrative divisions: 50 states and 1 district*; Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia*, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming

_#_Independence: 4 July 1776 (from England)

_#_Constitution: 17 September 1787, effective 4 June 1789

_#_Dependent areas: American Samoa, Baker Island, Guam, Howland Island; Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Islands, Navassa Island, Northern Mariana Islands, Palmyra Atoll, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Wake Island. Since 18 July 1947, the US has administered the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, but recently entered into a new political relationship with three of the four political units. The Northern Mariana Islands is a Commonwealth associated with the US (effective 3 November 1986). Palau concluded a Compact of Free Association with the US that was approved by the US Congress but to date the Compact process has not been completed in Palau, which continues to be administered by the US as the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands. The Federated States of Micronesia signed a Compact of Free Association with the US (effective 3 November 1986). The Republic of the Marshall Islands signed a Compact of Free Association with the US (effective 21 October 1986).

_#_Legal system: based on English common law; judicial review of legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

_#_National holiday: Independence Day, 4 July (1776)

_#_Executive branch: president, vice president, Cabinet

_#_Legislative branch: bicameral Congress consists of an upper house or Senate and a lower house or House of Representatives

_#_Judicial branch: Supreme Court

_#_Leaders:

Chief of State and Head of Government--President George BUSH (since 20 January 1989); Vice President Dan QUAYLE (since 20 January 1989)

_#_Political parties and leaders: Republican Party, Clayton YEUTTER, national committee chairman; Jeanie AUSTIN, co-chairman; Democratic Party, Ronald H. BROWN, national committee chairman; several other groups or parties of minor political significance

_#_Suffrage: universal at age 18

_#_Elections:

President--last held 8 November 1988 (next to be held 3 November 1992); results--George BUSH (Republican Party) 53.37%, Michael DUKAKIS (Democratic Party) 45.67%, other 0.96%;

Senate--last held 6 November 1990 (next to be held 3 November 1992); results--Democratic Party 51%, Republican Party 47%, other 2%; seats--(100 total) Democratic Party 56, Republican Party 44;

House of Representatives--last held 6 November 1990 (next to be held 3 November 1992); results--Democratic Party 52%, Republican Party 44%, other 4%; seats--(435 total) Democratic Party 267, Republican Party 167, Socialist 1

_#_Communists: Communist Party (claimed 15,000-20,000 members), Gus HALL, general secretary; Socialist Workers Party (claimed 1,800 members), Jack BARNES, national secretary

_#_Member of: AfDB, AG (observer), ANZUS, APEC, AsDB, BIS, CCC, COCOM, CP, CSCE, EBRD, ECE, ECLAC, FAO, ESCAP, G-2, G-5, G-7, G-8, G-10, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LORCS, NATO, NEA, OAS, OECD, PCA, SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNRWA, UN Security Council, UN Trusteeship Council, UNTSO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

_#_Diplomatic representation: US Representative to the UN, Ambassador Thomas R. PICKERING; Mission at 799 United Nations Plaza, New York, NY 10017; telephone (212) 415-4444 (afternoon hours)

_#_Flag: thirteen equal horizontal stripes of red (top and bottom) alternating with white; there is a blue rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner bearing 50 small white five-pointed stars arranged in nine offset horizontal rows of six stars (top and bottom) alternating with rows of five stars; the 50 stars represent the 50 states, the 13 stripes represent the 13 original colonies; known as Old Glory; the design and colors have been the basis for a number of other flags including Chile, Liberia, Malaysia, and Puerto Rico

_*_Economy _#_Overview: The US has the most powerful, diverse, and technologically advanced economy in the world, with a per capita GNP of $21,800, the largest among major industrial nations. In 1989 the economy enjoyed its seventh successive year of substantial growth, the longest in peacetime history. The expansion featured moderation in wage and consumer price increases and a steady reduction in unemployment to 5.2% of the labor force. In 1990, however, growth slowed to 1% because of a combination of factors, such as the worldwide increase in interest rates, Iraq's invasion of Kuwait in August, the subsequent spurt in oil prices, and a general decline in business and consumer confidence. Ongoing problems for the 1990s include inadequate investment in education and other economic infrastructure, rapidly rising medical costs, and sizable budget and trade deficits.

_#_GNP: $5,465 billion, per capita $21,800; real growth rate 1.0% (1990)

_#_Inflation rate (consumer prices): 5.4% (1990)

_#_Unemployment rate: 5.5% (1990)

_#_Budget: revenues $1,106 billion; expenditures $1,272 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY90 est.)

_#_Exports: $393.9 billion (f.o.b., 1990);

commodities--capital goods, automobiles, industrial supplies and raw materials, consumer goods, agricultural products;

partners--Western Europe 27.3%, Canada 22.1%, Japan 12.1% (1989)

_#_Imports: $516.2 billion (c.i.f., 1990);

commodities--crude and partly refined petroleum, machinery, automobiles, consumer goods, industrial raw materials, food and beverages;

partners--Western Europe 21.5%, Japan 19.7%, Canada 18.8% (1989)

_#_External debt: $581 billion (December 1989)

_#_Industrial production: growth rate 1.0% (1990)

_#_Electricity: 776,550,000 kW capacity; 3,020,000 million kWh produced, 12,080 kWh per capita (1990)

_#_Industries: leading industrial power in the world, highly diversified; petroleum, steel, motor vehicles, aerospace, telecommunications, chemicals, electronics, food processing, consumer goods, fishing, lumber, mining

_#_Agriculture: accounts for 2% of GNP and 2.8% of labor force; favorable climate and soils support a wide variety of crops and livestock production; world's second-largest producer and number-one exporter of grain; surplus food producer; fish catch of 5.0 million metric tons (1988)

_#_Illicit drugs: illicit producer of cannabis for domestic consumption with 1987 production estimated at 3,500 metric tons or about 25% of the available marijuana; ongoing eradication program aimed at small plots and greenhouses has not reduced production

_#_Economic aid: donor--commitments, including ODA and OOF, (FY80-89), $115.7 billion

_#_Currency: United States dollar (plural--dollars); 1 United States dollar (US$) = 100 cents

_#_Exchange rates: British pounds (5) per US$--0.5171 (January 1991), 0.5603 (1990), 0.6099 (1989), 0.5614 (1988), 0.6102 (1987), 0.6817 (1986), 0.7714 (1985);

Canadian dollars (Can$) per US$--1.1559 (January 1991), 1.1668 (1990), 1.1840 (1989), 1.2307 (1988), 1.3260 (1987), 1.3895 (1986), 1.3655 (1985);

French francs (F) per US$--5.1307 (January 1991), 5.4453 (1990), 6.3801 (1989), 5.9569 (1988), 6.0107 (1987), 6.9261 (1986), 8.9852 (1985);

Italian lire (Lit) per US$--1,134.4 (January 1991), 1,198.1 (1990), 1.372.1 (1989), 1,301.6 (1988), 1,296.1 (1987), 1,490.8 (1986), 1,909.4 (1985);

Japanese yen (3) per US$--133.88 (January 1991), 144.79 (1990), 137.96 (1989), 128.15 (1988), 144.64 (1987), 168.52 (1986), 238.54 (1985);

German deutsche marks (DM) per US$--1.5100 (January 1991), 1.6157 (1990), 1.8800 (1989), 1.7562 (1988), 1.7974 (1987), 2.1715 (1986), 2.9440 (1985)

_#_Fiscal year: 1 October-30 September

_*_Communications _#_Railroads: 270,312 km

_#_Highways: 6,365,590 km, including 88,641 km expressways

_#_Inland waterways: 41,009 km of navigable inland channels, exclusive of the Great Lakes (est.)

_#_Pipelines: 275,800 km petroleum, 305,300 km natural gas (1985)

_#_Ports: Anchorage, Baltimore, Beaumont, Boston, Charleston, Cleveland, Duluth, Freeport, Galveston, Hampton Roads, Honolulu, Houston, Jacksonville, Long Beach, Los Angeles, Milwaukee, Mobile, New Orleans, New York, Philadelphia, Portland (Oregon), Richmond (California), San Francisco, Savannah, Seattle, Tampa, Wilmington

_#_Merchant marine: 404 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling NA GRT/NA DWT); includes 3 passenger-cargo, 44 cargo, 23 bulk, 180 tanker, 13 tanker tug-barge, 11 liquefied gas, 130 intermodal; in addition there are 231 government-owned vessels

_#_Civil air: 3,297 commercial multiengine transport aircraft, including 2,989 jet, 231 turboprop, 77 piston (1985)

_#_Airports: 14,177 total, 12,417 usable; 4,820 with permanent surface-runways; 63 with runways over 3,659 m; 325 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 2,524 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

_#_Telecommunications: 182,558,000 telephones; stations--4,892 AM, 5,200 FM (including 3,915 commercial and 1,285 public broadcasting), 7,296 TV (including 796 commercial, 300 public broadcasting, and 6,200 commercial cable); 495,000,000 radio receivers (1982); 150,000,000 TV sets (1982); satellite communications ground stations--45 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT and 16 Pacific Ocean INTELSAT

_*_Defense Forces _#_Branches: Department of the Army, Department of the Navy (including Marine Corps), Department of the Air Force

_#_Manpower availability: males 15-49, 66,458,000; NA fit for military service

_#_Defense expenditures: $312.9 billion, 5.7% of GNP (1990) _%_ _@_Uruguay _*_Geography _#_Total area: 176,220 km2; land area: 173,620 km2

_#_Comparative area: slightly smaller than Washington State

_#_Land boundaries: 1,564 km total; Argentina 579 km, Brazil 985 km

_#_Coastline: 660 km

_#_Maritime claims:

Continental shelf: 200 m (depth) or to depth of exploitation;

Territorial sea: 200 nm (overflight and navigation permitted beyond 12 nm)

_#_Disputes: short section of boundary with Argentina is in dispute; two short sections of the boundary with Brazil are in dispute (Arroyo de la Invernada area of the Rio Quarai and the islands at the confluence of the Rio Quarai and the Uruguay)

_#_Climate: warm temperate; freezing temperatures almost unknown

_#_Terrain: mostly rolling plains and low hills; fertile coastal lowland

_#_Natural resources: soil, hydropower potential, minor minerals

_#_Land use: arable land 8%; permanent crops NEGL%; meadows and pastures 78%; forest and woodland 4%; other 10%; includes irrigated 1%

_#_Environment: subject to seasonally high winds, droughts, floods

_*_People _#_Population: 3,121,101 (July 1990), growth rate 0.6% (1991)

_#_Birth rate: 17 births/1,000 population (1991)

_#_Death rate: 10 deaths/1,000 population (1991)

_#_Net migration rate: - 1 migrants/1,000 population (1991)

_#_Infant mortality rate: 22 deaths/1,000 live births (1991)

_#_Life expectancy at birth: 69 years male, 76 years female (1991)

_#_Total fertility rate: 2.4 children born/woman (1991)

_#_Nationality: noun--Uruguayan(s); adjective--Uruguayan

_#_Ethnic divisions: white 88%, mestizo 8%, black 4%

_#_Religion: Roman Catholic (less than half adult population attends church regularly) 66%, Protestant 2%, Jewish 2%, nonprofessing or other 30%

_#_Language: Spanish

_#_Literacy: 96% (male 97%, female 96%) age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)

_#_Labor force: 1,300,000; government 25%, manufacturing 19%, agriculture 11%, commerce 12%, utilities, construction, transport, and communications 12%, other services 21% (1988 est.)

_#_Organized labor: Interunion Workers' Assembly/National Workers' Confederation (PIT/CNT) Labor Federation

_*_Government _#_Long-form name: Oriental Republic of Uruguay

_#_Type: republic

_#_Capital: Montevideo

_#_Administrative divisions: 19 departments (departamentos, singular--departamento); Artigas, Canelones, Cerro Largo, Colonia, Durazno, Flores, Florida, Lavalleja, Maldonado, Montevideo, Paysandu, Rio Negro, Rivera, Rocha, Salto, San Jose, Soriano, Tacuarembo, Treinta y Tres

_#_Independence: 25 August 1828 (from Brazil)

_#_Constitution: 27 November 1966, effective February 1967, suspended 27 June 1973, new constitution rejected by referendum 30 November 1980

_#_Legal system: based on Spanish civil law system; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

_#_National holiday: Independence Day, 25 August (1828)

_#_Executive branch: president, vice president, Council of Ministers (cabinet)

_#_Legislative branch: bicameral General Assembly (Asamblea General) consists of an upper chamber or Chamber of Senators (Camara de Senadores) and a lower chamber or Chamber of Representatives (Camera de Representantes)

_#_Judicial branch: Supreme Court

_#_Leaders:

Chief of State and Head of Government--President Luis Alberto LACALLE (since 1 March 1990); Vice President Gonzalo AGUIRRE (since 1 March 1990)

_#_Political parties and leaders: National (Blanco) Party, Luis Alberto LACALLE Herrera; Colorado Party, Jorge BATLLE Ibanez; Broad Front Coalition, Liber SEREGNI Mosquera--includes Communist Party led by Jaime PEREZ and National Liberation Movement (MLN) or Tupamaros led by Eleuterio FERNANDEZ Huidobro; New Space Coalition consists of the Party of the Government of the People (PGP), Hugo BATALLA; Christian Democratic Party (PDC), Hector LESCANO; and Civic Union, Humberto CIGANDA

_#_Suffrage: universal and compulsory at age 18

_#_Elections:

President--last held 26 November 1989 (next to be held November 1994); results--Luis Alberto LACALLE Herrera (Blanco) 37%, Jorge BATLLE Ibanez (Colorado) 29%, Liber SEREGNI Mosquera (Broad Front) 20%;

Chamber of Senators--last held 26 November 1989 (next to be held November 1994); results--Blanco 40%, Colorado 30%, Broad Front 23% New Space 7%; seats--(30 total) Blanco 12, Colorado 9, Broad Front 7, New Space 2;

Chamber of Representatives--last held NA November 1989 (next to be held November 1994); results--Blanco 39%, Colorado 30%, Broad Front 22%, New Space 8%, other 1%; seats--(99 total) number of seats by party NA

_#_Communists: 50,000

_#_Member of: AG (observer), CCC, ECLAC, FAO, G-11, G-77, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, LAES, LAIA, LORCS, NAM (observer), OAS, OPANAL, PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIIMOG, UNMOGIP, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

_#_Diplomatic representation: Ambassador Eduardo MACGILLICUDDEY; Chancery at 1918 F Street NW, Washington DC 20006; telephone (202) 331-1313 through 1316; there are Uruguayan Consulates General in Los Angeles, Miami, and New York, and a Consulate in New Orleans;

US--Ambassador Richard C. BROWN; Embassy at Lauro Muller 1776, Montevideo (mailing address is APO Miami 34035); telephone [598] (2) 23-60-61

_#_Flag: nine equal horizontal stripes of white (top and bottom) alternating with blue; there is a white square in the upper hoist-side corner with a yellow sun bearing a human face known as the Sun of May and 16 rays alternately triangular and wavy

_*_Economy _#_Overview: The economy is slowly recovering from the deep recession of the early 1980s. In 1988 real GDP grew by only 0.5% and in 1989 by 1.5%. The recovery was led by growth in the agriculture and fishing sectors, agriculture alone contributing 20% to GDP, employing about 11% of the labor force, and generating a large proportion of export earnings. Raising livestock, particularly cattle and sheep, is the major agricultural activity. In 1990, despite healthy exports and an improved current account, domestic growth remained weak because of government concentration on the external sector, adverse weather conditions, and prolonged strikes. Bringing down high inflation, reducing a large fiscal deficit, and avoiding frequent strikes remain major economic problems for the government.

_#_GDP: $9.2 billion, per capita $2,970; real growth rate 1% (1990 est.)

_#_Inflation rate (consumer prices): 129% (1990)

_#_Unemployment rate: 8.8% (1990 est.)

_#_Budget: revenues $1.2 billion; expenditures $1.4 billion, including capital expenditures of $165 million (1988)

_#_Exports: $1.7 billion (f.o.b., 1990);

commodities--hides and leather goods 17%, beef 10%, wool 9%, fish 7%, rice 4%;

partners--Brazil 17%, US 15%, FRG 10%, Argentina 10% (1987)

_#_Imports: $1.28 billion (f.o.b., 1990);

commodities--fuels and lubricants 15%, metals, machinery, transportation equipment, industrial chemicals;

partners--Brazil 24%, Argentina 14%, US 8%, FRG 8% (1987)

_#_External debt: $4.2 billion (1990 est.)

_#_Industrial production: growth rate - 2.1% (1989 est.)

_#_Electricity: 1,950,000 kW capacity; 5,274 million kWh produced, 1,740 kWh per capita (1990)

_#_Industries: meat processing, wool and hides, sugar, textiles, footwear, leather apparel, tires, cement, fishing, petroleum refining, wine

_#_Agriculture: large areas devoted to extensive livestock grazing; wheat, rice, corn, sorghum; self-sufficient in most basic foodstuffs

_#_Economic aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-88), $105 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-88), $293 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $69 million

_#_Currency: new Uruguayan peso (plural--pesos); 1 new Uruguayan peso (N$Ur) = 100 centesimos

_#_Exchange rates: new Uruguayan pesos (N$Ur) per US$1--1,626.4 (January 1991), 1,171.0 (1990), 605.5 (1989), 359.44 (1988), 226.67 (1987), 151.99 (1986), 101.43 (1985)

_#_Fiscal year: calendar year

_*_Communications _#_Railroads: 3,000 km, all 1.435-meter standard gauge and government owned

_#_Highways: 49,900 km total; 6,700 km paved, 3,000 km gravel, 40,200 km earth

_#_Inland waterways: 1,600 km; used by coastal and shallow-draft river craft

_#_Ports: Montevideo, Punta del Este

_#_Merchant marine: 4 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 65,212 GRT/116,613 DWT; includes 2 cargo, 1 container, 1 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker

_#_Civil air: 14 major transport aircraft

_#_Airports: 91 total, 86 usable; 16 with permanent-surface runways; none with runways over 3,659 m; 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 17 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

_#_Telecommunications: most modern facilities concentrated in Montevideo; new nationwide radio relay network; 337,000 telephones; stations--99 AM, no FM, 26 TV, 9 shortwave; 2 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth stations

_*_Defense Forces _#_Branches: Army, Navy (including Naval Air Arm and Marines), Air Force, Coast Guard, Grenadier Guards, Police

_#_Manpower availability: males 15-49, 735,971; 597,302 fit for military service; no conscription

_#_Defense expenditures: $168 million, 2.2% of GDP (1988) _%_ _@_Vanuatu _*_Geography _#_Total area: 14,760 km2; land area: 14,760 km2; includes more than 80 islands

_#_Comparative area: slightly larger than Connecticut

_#_Land boundary: none

_#_Coastline: 2,528 km

_#_Maritime claims: (measured from claimed archipelagic baselines);

Contiguous zone: 24 nm;

Continental shelf: edge of continental margin or 200 nm;

Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm;

Territorial sea: 12 nm

_#_Climate: tropical; moderated by southeast trade winds

_#_Terrain: mostly mountains of volcanic origin; narrow coastal plains

_#_Natural resources: manganese, hardwood forests, fish

_#_Land use: arable land 1%; permanent crops 5%; meadows and pastures 2%; forest and woodland 1%; other 91%

_#_Environment: subject to tropical cyclones or typhoons (January to April); volcanism causes minor earthquakes

_#_Note: located 5,750 km southwest of Honolulu in the South Pacific Ocean about three-quarters of the way between Hawaii and Australia

_*_People _#_Population: 170,319 (July 1991), growth rate 3.1% (1991)

_#_Birth rate: 36 births/1,000 population (1991)

_#_Death rate: 5 deaths/1,000 population (1991)

_#_Net migration rate: 0 migrants/1,000 population (1991)

_#_Infant mortality rate: 36 deaths/1,000 live births (1991)

_#_Life expectancy at birth: 67 years male, 72 years female (1991)

_#_Total fertility rate: 5.4 children born/woman (1991)

_#_Nationality: noun--Ni-Vanuatu (singular and plural); adjective--Ni-Vanuatu

_#_Ethnic divisions: indigenous Melanesian 94%, French 4%, remainder Vietnamese, Chinese, and various Pacific Islanders

_#_Religion: Presbyterian 36.7%, Anglican 15%, Catholic 15%, indigenous beliefs 7.6%, Seventh-Day Adventist 6.2%, Church of Christ 3.8%, other 15.7%

_#_Language: English and French (official); pidgin (known as Bislama or Bichelama)

_#_Literacy: 53% (male 57%, female 48%) age 15 and over can read and write (1979)

_#_Labor force: NA

_#_Organized labor: 7 registered trade unions--largest include Oil and Gas Workers' Union, Vanuatu Airline Workers' Union

_*_Government _#_Long-form name: Republic of Vanuatu

_#_Type: republic

_#_Capital: Port-Vila

_#_Administrative divisions: 11 island councils; Ambrym, Aoba/Maewo, Banks/Torres, Efate, Epi, Malakula, Paama, Pentecote, Santo/Malo, Shepherd, Tafea

_#_Independence: 30 July 1980 (from France and UK; formerly New Hebrides)

_#_Constitution: 30 July 1980

_#_Legal system: unified system being created from former dual French and British systems

_#_National holiday: Independence Day, 30 July (1980)

_#_Executive branch: president, prime minister, Council of Ministers (cabinet)

_#_Legislative branch: unicameral Parliament; note--the National Council of Chiefs advises on matters of custom and land

_#_Judicial branch: Supreme Court

_#_Leaders:

Chief of State--President Frederick TIMAKATA (since 30 January 1989);

Head of Government--Prime Minister Father Walter Hadye LINI (since 30 July 1980); Deputy Prime Minister (vacant)

_#_Political parties and leaders: National Party (Vanua'aku Pati), Donald KALPOKAS; Union of Moderate Parties, Maxine CARLOT; Melanesian Progressive Party, Barak SOPE

_#_Suffrage: universal at age 18

_#_Elections:

Parliament--last held 30 November 1987 (next to be held by November 1991); byelections were held in December 1988 to fill vacancies resulting from the expulsion of opposition members for boycotting sessions; results--percent of vote by party NA; seats--(46 total) National Party 26, Union of Moderate Parties 19, independent 1

_#_Member of: ACCT, ACP, AsDB, C, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, IDA, IFC, IMF, IMO, IOC, ITU, NAM, SPC, SPF, UN, UNCTAD, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO

_#_Diplomatic representation: Vanuatu does not have a mission in Washington;

US--the ambassador in Papua New Guinea is accredited to Vanuatu

_#_Flag: two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and green (bottom) with a black isosceles triangle (based on the hoist side) all separated by a black-edged yellow stripe in the shape of a horizontal Y (the two points of the Y face the hoist side and enclose the triangle); centered in the triangle is a boar's tusk encircling two crossed namele leaves, all in yellow

_*_Economy _#_Overview: The economy is based primarily on subsistence farming that provides a living for about 80% of the population. Fishing and tourism are the other mainstays of the economy. Mineral deposits are negligible; the country has no known petroleum deposits. A small light industry sector caters to the local market. Tax revenues come mainly from import duties.

_#_GDP: $137 million, per capita $860; real growth rate 4.3% (1989 est.)

_#_Inflation rate (consumer prices): 7.8% (1989 est.)

_#_Unemployment rate: NA%

_#_Budget: revenues $90.0 million; expenditures $103.0 million, including capital expenditures of $45.0 million (1989 est.)

_#_Exports: $14.5 million (f.o.b., 1989 est.);

commodities--copra 59%, cocoa 11%, meat 9%, fish 8%, timber 4%;

partners--Netherlands 34%, France 27%, Japan 17%, Belgium 4%, New Caledonia 3%, Singapore 2% (1987)

_#_Imports: $58.4 million (f.o.b., 1989 est.);

commodities--machines and vehicles 25%, food and beverages 23%, basic manufactures 18%, raw materials and fuels 11%, chemicals 6%;

partners--Australia 36%, Japan 13%, NZ 10%, France 8%, Fiji 5% (1987)

_#_External debt: $30 million (1990 est.)

_#_Industrial production: growth rate NA%

_#_Electricity: 17,000 kW capacity; 30 million kWh produced, 180 kWh per capita (1990)

_#_Industries: food and fish freezing, forestry processing, meat canning

_#_Agriculture: export crops--copra, cocoa, coffee, and fish; subsistence crops--copra, taro, yams, coconuts, fruits, and vegetables

_#_Economic aid: Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-88), $565 million

_#_Currency: vatu (plural--vatu); 1 vatu (VT) = 100 centimes

_#_Exchange rates: vatu (VT) per US$1--109.62 (January 1991), 116.57 (1990), 116.04 (1989), 104.43 (1988), 109.85 (1987), 106.08 (1986), 106.03 (1985)

_#_Fiscal year: calendar year

_*_Communications _#_Railroads: none

_#_Highways: 1,027 km total; at least 240 km sealed or all-weather roads

_#_Ports: Port-Vila, Luganville, Palikoulo, Santu

_#_Merchant marine: 129 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 2,242,850 GRT/3,447,671 DWT; includes 33 cargo, 13 refrigerated cargo, 8 container, 11 vehicle carrier, 1 livestock carrier, 5 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 1 chemical tanker, 1 liquefied gas, 55 bulk, 1 combination bulk; note--a flag of convenience registry; the USSR has 2 ships under the Vanuatu flag

_#_Civil air: no major transport aircraft

_#_Airports: 32 total, 28 usable; 2 with permanent-surface runways; none with runways over 3,659 m; 1 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 1 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

_#_Telecommunications: stations--2 AM, no FM, no TV; 3,000 telephones; satellite communications ground stations--1 Pacific Ocean INTELSAT

_*_Defense Forces _#_Branches: no military forces; Vanuatu Police Force, paramilitary force

_#_Manpower availability: males 15-49, 41,183; NA fit for military service

_#_Defense expenditures: $NA, NA% of GDP _%_ _@_Vatican City _*_Geography _#_Total area: 0.438 km2; land area: 0.438 km2

_#_Comparative area: about 0.7 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC

_#_Land boundary: 3.2 km with Italy

_#_Coastline: none--landlocked

_#_Maritime claims: none--landlocked

_#_Climate: temperate; mild, rainy winters (September to mid-May) with hot, dry summers (May to September)

_#_Terrain: low hill

_#_Natural resources: none

_#_Land use: arable land 0%; permanent crops 0%; meadows and pastures 0%; forest and woodland 0%; other 100%

_#_Environment: urban

_#_Note: landlocked; enclave of Rome, Italy; world's smallest state; outside the Vatican City, 13 buildings in Rome and Castel Gandolfo (the pope's summer residence) enjoy extraterritorial rights

_*_People _#_Population: 778 (July 1991), growth rate NEGL% (1991)

_#_Nationality: no noun or adjectival forms

_#_Ethnic divisions: primarily Italians but also Swiss and other nationalities

_#_Religion: Roman Catholic

_#_Language: Italian, Latin, and various other languages

_#_Literacy: 100% (male NA%, female NA%)

_#_Labor force: high dignitaries, priests, nuns, guards, and 3,000 lay workers who live outside the Vatican

_#_Organized labor: Association of Vatican Lay Workers, 1,800 members (1987)

_*_Government _#_Long-form name: State of the Vatican City; note--the Vatican City is the physical seat of the Holy See, which is the central government of the Roman Catholic Church

_#_Type: monarchical-sacerdotal state

_#_Capital: Vatican City

_#_Independence: 11 February 1929 (from Italy)

_#_Constitution: Apostolic Constitution of 1967 (effective 1 March 1968)

_#_National holiday: Installation Day of the Pope (John Paul II), 22 October (1978); note--Pope John Paul II was elected on 16 October 1978

_#_Executive branch: pope

_#_Legislative branch: unicameral Pontifical Commission

_#_Judicial branch: none; normally handled by Italy

_#_Leaders:

Chief of State--Pope JOHN PAUL II (Karol WOJTYLA; since 16 October 1978);

Head of Government--Secretary of State Archbishop Angelo SODANO

_#_Political parties and leaders: none

_#_Suffrage: limited to cardinals less than 80 years old

_#_Elections:

Pope--last held 16 October 1978 (next to be held after the death of the current pope); results--Karol WOJTYlA was elected for life by the College of Cardinals

_#_Communists: NA

_#_Other political or pressure groups: none (exclusive of influence exercised by church officers)

_#_Member of: CSCE, IAEA, ICFTU, IMF (observer), INTELSAT, IOM (observer), ITU, OAS (observer), UN (observer), UNCTAD, UNHCR, UPU, WIPO, WTO (observer)