Part 10
Showy shrub, 20 ft. high. Young leaves and flowers carmine.
Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).
=C. mittuense= _Engl._ & _Diels._
Climber. Leaves oblong-elliptic, acute, about 4 in. long, 2 in. broad, thinly papery, glabrous. Flowers paniculate, with coloured leafy bracts, pale pink, tassel-like; calyx green; stamens carmine. Fruits obovate, with very membranous wings, about 1 in. across.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land: by the Roah River).
=C. near C. comosum= _Don._
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Nabambisso River).
=C. aculeatum= _Vent._ SHEKHEIT (Fung), SHUHEIT (Dongola) & SHEHEIT (Kordn.) or SOGHEIT—Arab; MARTE (Dilling) & MINDIGIRI (Kadugli)—Nuba; REGA—Bari.
Scandent shrub. Petioles of leaves persistent, forming decurved spines. Flowers rather small, white; calyx 5-lobed; petals 5; stamens 10; anthers orange. Fruit 4-5-winged.
Dongola Prov. (Wadi Id El Murakh); Berber Prov. (Atbara River: Goz Regeb); Red Sea Prov. (Khors, Karora Hills); Fung. Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Blue Nile Prov. (Upper); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan, Darfur, Bahr El Ghazal & Mongalla Provinces.
=C. platypterum= _Hutch._ & _J. M. Diels._
Climber with large panicles of reddish long, tubular flowers, about 1 in. long. Leaves oblong, rounded at the base, 6 in. long, glabrous. Fruits like “Honesty,” orbicular-obovate, broadly winged, about 1½ in. broad.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Nabambisso River).
=C. sp. (cf. C. altum= _Guill._ & _Perr._). KUSI (J. Daier)—Nuba.
Small tree; fruit 4-winged; shoots sometimes twining. Leaves ovate- lanceolate, acute, 4 in. long, 2 in. broad, glabrous.
Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Daier). 884 S.G.H.
=C. sp.= GOAK—Dinka; BOADUN—Burun.
Upper White Nile Prov. (Goz El Siada).
=RHIZOPHORACEÆ.=
192 =Rhizophora sp.= Probably =R. mucronata= _Lam._
Mangrove. Leaves obovate-elliptic, long-mucronate, leathery, about 4½ in. long and 2 in. broad. Flowers few. Sepals oblong, leathery. Petals hairy inside. Seeds germinating before falling.
Muddy shores of Red Sea, south of Suakin.
193 =Bruguiera gymnorrhiza= _Lam._
Tree with smooth bark, marked on young branches with scars of leaves and stipules. Leaves rather thick, oval, bright green. Fruit scarlet, 1 in. long. Seeds germinating before falling.
Muddy shores of Red Sea, south of Suakin.
=HYPERICACEÆ.=
194 =Hypericum Lalandii= _Choisy._
Small tufted herb, under 10 in. high. Leaves lanceolate or linear- oblong, about ¼ in. long, gland-dotted. Flowers yellow in dichotomous cymes.
Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).
=H. perforatum= _Linn._
Somewhat woody plant with perennial stock. Leaves with translucent and some dark dots; corolla yellow with black dots. Stamens polyadelphous.
Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, over 6,000 ft.).
195 =Psorospermum salicifolium= _Engl._
Leaves lanceolate, acute, 2 in. long, ½ in. broad, glabrous. Flowers in small close cymes. Sepals and petals streaked with resin, the latter densely hairy inside.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land: Kutshuk Ali & Kuragera); Niamniam (Tuhami).
=P. senegalense= _Spach._
Shrub; twigs and young leaves rusty tomentose. Flowers in dense corymbs, white, streaked with brown; stamens 5-adelphous. Leaves opposite or alternate, elliptic.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dar Fertit).
=P. tenuifolium= _Hook. f._
Glabrous shrub. Leaves elliptic, opposite, opaquely punctate, 2-4 in. long. Flowers in terminal corymbs; stamens 5-7-adelphous.
Fung Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov.; Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).
196 =Haronga madagascariensis= _Chois._ KAWA (Mongalla Prov.)—Makraka.
Shrub or small tree. Leaves opposite, entire, rusty tomentose when young, ovate-oblong, connected by an interpetiolar ridge. Flowers small, 5-adelphous, in broad terminal corymbose cymes.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Khor Tela, between Wau & Tonj, and near the Mongo-longbo stream); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).
The fruit is edible; the seeds are used in French Guinea in cookery. The wood is of great beauty, it works well and finishes without trouble. A yellow dye is obtained from the inner bark of the tree. It is found in Mongalla Prov., frequently associated with _Berlinia acuminata_.
=GUTTIFERÆ.=
197 =Garcinia sp.=
Branchlets angular, glabrous. Leaves elliptic, shortly acuminate, acute at the base, 3½ in. long, 1½ in. broad, with numerous lateral nerves prominent on both surfaces. Fruits clustered, ⅔ in. long; stalks ½ in. long.
Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: by the Mbrwole River).
=TILIACEÆ.=
198 =Christiana africana= _DC._
Tall tree; young parts, leaves, stalks, calyx and carpels covered with dense yellow stellate tomentum. Leaf stalks 3-4 in. long; leaves cordate-ovate or oblong, palmately 5-nerved, 6-12 in. long. Flowers in terminal corymbose cymes. Calyx 3-lobed.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the River Hu).
199 =Grewia flavescens= _Burret._ GADDEIM (Darfur), UM KHALATOT (Goz El Siada), KHELISAN & YABELAYUS—Arab; KINDAL (J. Eliri)—Nuba; BAMBURTI—Golo.
Straggling shrub with quadrangular stems. Leaves sub-coriaceous, pilose, ovate-oblong, subcordate, coarsely serrate, 2-4 in. long; stipules 2, subulate-lanceolate, deciduous. Peduncles axillary, 2-3 flowered. Petals emarginate. Drupe 1-4 lobed, pilose.
Fung Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Goz El Siada); Darfur Prov. (Kulme, & J. Marra, 4,000 ft.); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Khor Niual: between Chak-Chak & Deim Zubeir & Bongo-land: Addai).
=G. venusta= _Fresen._ KURMUZ—Hameg.
Perennial or undershrub, white, stellately tomentose. Leaves roundish oblong, palmately 3-5 nerved, 3-5 in. long. Cymes many flowered, extra axillary. Drupe size of a large pea 2-4 lobed, crustaceous, copper- coloured, pilose.
Blue Nile Prov.
=G. Kakothamnos= _K. Schum._
Shrub or small tree. Leaves obovate-elliptic, serrulate, about 1 in. long, stellate-pubescent. Flowers axillary, subsolitary; pedicels ⅓ in. long, bibracteate above the middle; sepals ½ in. long.
Darfur Prov.
=G. salvifolia= _Heyne._ BASHAM (Fung)—Arab; DILI—Burun; KEM (Goz El Siada)—Dinka; BAIDI—Hameg.
Large shrub or small tree; fruit edible, usually 2-lobed. Leaves lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, entire undulate or serrulate. Flowers yellow in axillary fascicles.
Fung Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Goz El Siada).
=G. occidentalis= _Linn._
Small tree. Leaves obliquely ovate, acute, about 2 in. long and 1 in. broad, crenate, nearly glabrous. Flowers 3-4 together in very small umbels; sepals mauve inside, ½ in. long.
Red Sea Prov. (Has Has).
=G. ferruginea= _Hochst._
A small tree. Leaves obovate-elliptic, acute, very closely crenulate, 4-5 in. long and about 2 in. broad, closely covered with short stellate hairs below. Flowers in threes the middle one opening first; sepals linear-lanceolate, ½ in. long, tomentose; fruits reticulate.
Locality? (fide Mrs. Crowfoot).
=G. mollis= _Juss._ BASHAM (Kordn.)—Arab; KUAM (J. Eliri)—Nuba; ULUMBA or EUWI—Golo; KAM—Nuer; POIGO—Zande.
Shrub or small tree, giving out long, semi-scandent shoots. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, with 3 basal nerves. Flowers yellow, solitary. Drupes indistinctly 4-lobed, dark yellow.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Debri & J. Eliri); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land, Niamniam-land & Jur-land); Red Sea Prov. (Katai Geraita).
The bast yields a fibre; the wood ashes are used as a substitute for salt; the fruit is edible; the wood is used for bows and arrows; it is light red or pink, and very elastic.
=G. monticola= _Sond.?_ BASHAM (Baggara)—Arab.
Shrub. Leaves oblong, acute, 4 in. long, 1¾ in. broad, glabrescent above, softly tomentellous below, 3-nerved at the base. Fruit the size of a pea, whitish.
Nuba Mts. Prov. (Um Durein & J. Fertangul).
=G. betulæfolia= _Juss._ GADDEIM—Arab; HEDDA—Rashida; TOMUT—Hadendowa; KARII (J. Eliri) & ARUING (Rashad—Talodi)—Nuba; ANGALOA—Hameg; AFOR & APOR (Kenissa) & AFWĀR (Renk)—Dinka; OFADOH—Shilluk.
Shrub. Leaves small, somewhat variable, irregularly crenate serrate; flowers white, solitary; fruit orange coloured, 2-4 lobed, edible.
Almost throughout the Sudan, particularly south of Khartoum.
=G. erythræa= _Schwfth._
Shrub. Leaves rounded-obovate, 3-5 nerved at the base, repand-dentate, about 1¼ in. long, slightly stellate-pubescent below. Flowers solitary; calyx ⅓ in. long.
Kordofan Prov. (Darfur boundary on J. Sinin).
=G. villosa= _Willd._ TAMR EL ABID & TUKKU (Kordn.), ABU KHALAFOF & GEREIGDAN (Goz el Siada), MUTRAK (Baggara)—Arab; EIGERA (Dilling), LUĪ (J. Eliri) & TUMBU (Kadugli)—Nuba; ANTAMANA-WANSHU—Hameg; ATENDIT (Renk), GUNKEIT & LUBLUB (Goz el Siada)—Dinka; DILMAN & KELAIIN—Burun.
Large shrub with cordate nearly orbicular leaves, 1-4 in. in diameter. Flowers dull-yellow, in compact axillary clusters. Fruit globose, with a brown, stellate hairy rind, edible.
Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. (Kulme); Nuba Mts. Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Goz El Siada); Mongalla Prov.; Red Sea Prov. (Has Has).
Used for spear shafts (Aylmer).
=G. sp. (Glomeratæ)= No. 1168 _S.G.H._ TOMUT—Hadendowa.
Shrub, covered with short, stellate hairs. Leaves ovate-rounded, 1½ in. long, 1¼ in. broad, serrate. Flowers clustered. Buds ¼ in. long, tomentose.
Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit).
200 =Triumfetta lepidota= _K. Schum._
Erect shrub, 4 ft. high. Leaves suborbicular to oblanceolate, subtrilobed, up to 6 in. wide. Cymes 2-4 to each node. Sepals scaly outside, ¾ in. long. Fruit woody, globose, 8-10 celled, strongly tuberculate.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the River Lehsi).
=T. micrantha= _K. Schum._
Leaves lanceolate-oblong, 2½-3 in. long, ½-¾ in. broad, serrulate, tomentose or pubescent below. Sepals stellate-pubescent outside. Fruit with densely pilose prickles, the latter with 2-8 terminal spinules.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Sabbi).
=T. buettneriacea= _K. Schum._
Leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 2-3 in. long, ⅓-1¼ in. broad, sparingly pilose on both surfaces. Sepals stellate-pubescent outside. Fruit with glabrescent prickles, much broadened at the base, terminated by 1-4 spinules.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land: Jur Ghattas, & Bongoland: Gurfala).
=T. flavescens= _Hochst._ DERBAKE—Hadendowa.
Shrubby; stem pilose, black-dotted. Lower leaves stalked; blades roundish, truncate or cordate, acute, irregularly toothed. Flowers yellowish, numerous, in small clusters along the sides and ends of branches. Capsule small, covered with grey down and small, hooked prickles.
Red Sea Prov. (in several places).
=T. rhomboidea= _Jacq._ ALLOSEG, ALLUSEIG or LUSEIG—Arab.
Herb with variable, irregularly serrate leaves and small globose fruit covered with prickles, downy. Flowers yellow, small, in spicate inflorescence.
Fung Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land); Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla, etc.); Red Sea Prov. (Karora).
Yields a soft, glossy fibre. The mucilage is used as an injection in venereal diseases.
=T. annua= _Linn._
Erect, somewhat pilose, annual, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves ovate, acuminate, dentate, 3-nerved, on very long stalks. Fruit size of a pea, smooth between the glaucous hooked prickles.
Darfur Prov. (Zalingei).
=T. pentandra= _Guill._ & _Perr._
Erect, slightly downy herb. Leaves subcordate, slightly 3-5 lobed or roundish-acuminate. Flowers minute, in lateral cymes. Stamens 5-8. Fruit oblong, about ¼ in. long, hairy on the edges of the appressed prickles.
Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).
=T. tomentosa= _Bojer._
Softly hairy perennial or shrub; fruit globose, covered with straight, black spines. Leaves ovate to ovate-lanceolate, slightly cordate, passing gradually into bracts. Flowers small, yellow, numerous in terminal panicles.
Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).
201 =Honckenya ficifolia= _Willd._
Handsome-flowered shrub, with purplish branches. Leaves rather variable, usually more or less deeply 3-7 lobed. Flowers large, violet, in terminal racemose cymes. Capsules 1-2 in., 4-valved.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the River Yubbo).
A valuable fibre plant.
202 =Corchorus tridens= _Linn._
Annual 1-2 ft.; leaves oblong-linear, coarsely crenate-serrate, the two lowest teeth often prolonged into filiform tails; capsule terminating in 3 spreading or reflexed points.
Between Suakin & Berber; Blue Nile Prov.; Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).
=C. acutangulus= _Lam._
Annual; leaves oval or ovate, crenate-serrate, the two lowest teeth often prolonged into filiform tails; fruit 3-winged.
Kordofan Prov. (J. Kon); Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Gir).
=C. olitorius= _Linn._ MOLOKHIA or MULUKHIA—Arab; MORAMBIDA—Zande.
Annual; leaves ovate-lanceolate, the two lowest serrations produced into fine tails; capsule linear, with a long beak, altogether 1-3 in. long.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Between Khartoum & Berber (El Mesherif); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla).
Cultivated and wild. It is used as a vegetable, the fibre is inferior to that of the true jute. The plant is also used in native medicine.
=C. Antichorus= _Ræuschel._ SUTEIH (Atbara) & UM SHITEIH (N. Kordn.)—Arab.
Prostrate or decumbent perennial. Leaves small, roundish, plicate- crenate, palmately 3-nerved. Flowers solitary or in pairs. Capsule 1-1½ in. long, slender, beaked at apex, 4-valved.
Nubia; North Sudan; Berber Prov. (Atbara); Khartoum Prov. (Khartoum); Fung Prov.; Kordofan Prov.
The plant is used as a demulcent.
=C. fascicularis= _DC._
Procumbent annual; leaves short-stalked, oblong or lanceolate, 1-2 in. long, 3-nerved. Capsule about ¾ in. long, cylindrical, short-beaked.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov. (Bunzaga); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land, Gir).
=C. trilocularis= _Linn._
Annual, erect or decumbent. Leaves 1-3 in. long, elliptic to oblong- lanceolate. Pedicels short, 2-3 flowered; petals bright yellow. Capsules 2-3 in. long, 3-4 angled; beak short and straight.
White Nile Prov.
203 =Glyphæa grewioides= _Hook. f._
Slightly pilose shrub, 8-12 ft. high. Leaves ovate or oblong, subcordate, 3-nerved. Flowers bright-yellow, in terminal cymes. Fruit oblong or fusiform, indehiscent, 1-2 in. long. Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Nabambisso River); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).
=STERCULIACEÆ.=
204 =Melhania ferruginea= _A. Rich._
Woolly herb or undershrub. Leaves longer than the stalks, subcordate oval-oblong, velvety, palmately 3-5 nerved. Epicalyx of 3 broadly-ovate, unilateral segments. Petals convolute, persistent. Capsule pointed; seeds 10 in each cell.
Mongalla Prov. (Sheikh Tombé).
=M. Denhamii= _R. Br._ DUBAGHA (N. Kordn.)—Arab.
Undershrub with a false likeness to _Senra incana_. Leaves as long as leaf-stalks, about 1 in. long, ovate-oblong, velvety. Flowers on axillary peduncles, red. Capsules subglobose, 5-celled, with 1-2 seeds in each cell.
Red Sea Prov. (21° N. Lat.); Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov.
205 =Dombeya multiflora= _Planch._
Shrub. Leaf blades equal to stalks, 1-2 in. long, cordate-roundish or oblong, palmately 5-7 nerved. Inflorescence appearing before the leaves, in stalked axillary cymes. Styled deeply 5-cleft.
Fung & White Nile Provinces.
=D. multiflora= _Pl._ =var. (a) vestita= _Schum._ GREGDAN (Baggara)—Arab; KINDAMOI (J. Eliri)—Nuba; DERDER—Hameg; POPWA, PURPUR and METEMBOA—Zande.
Shrub or small tree, with palmate leaves and white flowers, which turn pink after being fertilized, the corolla persisting.
Fung Prov.; South Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. (J. Marra N.W. slopes 6,500 ft.); Bahr El Ghazal Prov.; Bahr El Jebel (Madi).
206 =Melochia corchorifolia= _Linn._
Erect herb or undershrub. Stem with a line of somewhat stellate hairs down one side. Leaves variable in size, oblong-ovate to ovate, rounded at base, serrate. Flowers pink, in terminal clusters, pentamerous. Capsules 5-valved, 1 seed to each.
Kordofan Prov. (Rahad); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Upper White Nile Prov. (Banks of the White Nile); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shambé).
Kordofan Prov.
=var. densiflora= _K. Schum._
The root-bark is chewed in Kordofan Prov. as a salve for sore lips. The stem yields a fibre, and the leaves are eaten.
207 =Waltheria americana= _Linn._ ERG EL NĀL (Kordn.)—Arab.
Villose undershrub or tall woody herb; leaves plicate; flowers yellow, in dense sessile axillary fascicles. Sepals 5, connate below; petals 5; ovary 1-celled; ovules 2. Capsule small, enclosed in calyx, membranous, 1-seeded.
Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. (Kulme); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla).
208 =Hermannia modesta= _Planch._
Low growing annual, covered with glandular hairs. Leaves subsessile, linear-oblong, obtuse up to 1½ in. long. Flowers in axillary peduncles. Filaments dilated above; styles 5.
Red Sea Prov. (coast); Kordofan Prov. (Abu Gerad).
=H. tigrensis= _Hochst._
Erect, stellate hairy annual, about 1 ft. high. Leaves subsessile, elliptic-oblong, acute; stipules falcate. Flowers solitary on solitary axillary peduncles; filaments petaloid.
Kordofan Prov. (El Obeid).
209 =Leptonychia chrysocarpa= _K. Schum._
Small tree. Leaves oblong-elliptic, obtusely long-acuminate, glabrous, about 6 in. long and 2½ in. broad, entire. Flowers not seen. Fruits axillary, about 3-4 together, depressed globose, stellate-tomentellous, ¾ in. in diameter.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Linduku).
Wood carved for ornaments.
210 =Sterculia tomentosa= _Guill._ & _Perr._ UMTELEIH (Baggara)—Arab; KULOWI (J. Eliri); HEIMOR (J. Heiban); FEIDER (Rashad-Talodi); BOKARAK (Kadugli)—Nuba; DA or KANDI—Golo; M’BURU—Zande.
Fairly large tree. Leaves palmate, large. Flowers small, in drooping panicles; petals none. Capsule large, hairy, 3-4 valved. Seeds numerous, brown, with small orange aril.
White Nile Prov. (Jebelein); South Kordofan Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov.; Mongalla Prov. (Bor).
Wood white or pale pink, soft, light, perishable. The seeds yield a dark orange-red coloured oil. A fibre is obtained from the bast, and a clear gum exuding from wounds in the bark, partly soluble in water, is used in Europe for dyeing silk fabrics.
=S. cinerea= _A. Rich._ TARTAR—Arab; OMFA—Hameg.
Large tree with palmate leaves and scaly bark. Flowers numerous in much- branched axillary panicles. Fruit of 3-5 sessile, reflexed follicles which are downy outside and bristly within. Seeds numerous, black, with yellow aril.
Fung and Kordofan Provinces.
Wood of poor quality. A gum, similar in quality to that of the foregoing, exudes from the bark. Strips from the young plants are used as cordage.
211 =Cola cordifolia= _R. Br._ KUKUROKU—Zande.
Large tree, 120 ft. Leaves very large, widely rotundate-cordate, entire or slightly lobulate, up to 1 ft. broad, softly stellate-pubescent below, strongly 7-nerved at the base. Cymes fulvous-tomentose. Fruits velvety-tomentose, with large red seeds.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Yei River).
According to Wood in his Report on the Bahr El Ghazal forests, 1922, “this tree is confined to the Southern Bahr El Ghazal, where it is fairly common on banks of streams in the evergreen zone. A very lofty tree, up to 120 ft., with straight stem and large, dense crown. Does not lose its leaves. Bark brown, not very rough; wood white, soft, perishable. Most of the large trees (10 ft. girth) are hollow in the centre.”
=BOMBACACEÆ.=
212 =Adansonia digitata= _Linn._ TEBELDI, HOMEIRA, HUMR (Dongola)—Arab; HUMAR—Hadendowa; FAK (J. Daier), TUBERLI (Dilling), KISHAWIYI (J. Eliri), MANSALLO (Kadugli), ORA (Tagele)—Nuba; UFFA—Hameg; DUNGWOL—Dinka; KUSHA—Nuer; GAG—Shilluk; BUL—Burun. The Baobab Tree.
A large tree, often of great girth; bark whitish, shining. Leaves digitately 5-7 fol. Flowers 2-3 in. across, white. Fruit 8-10 in. long, ovoid, filled with fibres and acid mealy pulp, in which the seeds are embedded.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Dongola Prov. (Wadi El Murakh); Fung Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Hillet El Shilluk); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (North).
The hollow trunk is used for a reservoir for the storage of rain water, and in some places as a burial place for dead. The bark yields a strong fibre used for ropes, baskets, etc. The fruit, called GONGOLEIS by Arabs, contains a subacid pulp which makes a pleasant drink with water, and is used as a cooling medicine.
213 =Ceiba pentandra= _Gaertn._ _Eriodendron anfractuosum_ DC. Kapok or Silk Cotton Tree.
Introduced.
Tree; young bark covered with conical prickles. Leaves digitately 8-15 foliolate. Flowers white, 2-8 together in axillary clusters. Capsule 3-4 in. long, densely lined with long silky hairs.
Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Kordofan Prov. (Bara); Bahr El Ghazal Prov.
The floss surrounding the seed is used for stuffing cushions, lifebelts, etc.
=MALVACEÆ.=
214 =Malva parviflora= _Linn._ KHUBBEIZA—Arab.
Herb; stem trailing. Leaves cordate, orbicular, slightly 3-5 lobed, crenate-dentate. Flowers purplish, in axillary, few-flowered clusters. Stamens monadelphous, anthers to top of column; stigmas linear.
Cultivated in most parts.
Cooked as a pot-herb, also used medicinally to allay irritation both externally and internally.
=M. verticillata= _Linn._
Erect herb, 2-4 ft. high. Leaves cordate, roundish, 5-lobed. Flowers purplish, in dense axillary or terminal clusters. Carpels 10-12 in a whorl, enclosed in accrescent calyx.
Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. (Kulme).
215 =Malvastrum spicatum= _A. Gray._
Erect, branching herb, 1-2 ft. high, stellately tomentose. Leaves ovate, crenate-serrate, sometimes lobed. Bracts of epicalyx shorter than calyx. Flowers small, yellow, in a dense terminal, leafy spike; stigmas capitate.
Fung Prov.
=M. tricuspidatum= _A. Gray._
Erect herb, 2-3 ft. high, with adpressed, simple hairs. Leaves long- stalked, ovate-lanceolate, toothed, hairy. Flowers yellow, subsessile in axillary and terminal clusters. Carpels 8-12, each 3-pointed.
Fung Prov.
216 =Sida urens= _Linn._
Erect, hirsute perennial. Leaves cordate, ovate-serrate. Flowers usually in dense axillary clusters; epicalyx 0; carpels 5, awnless or with short beaks.
White Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Ghabat El Arab; Bongo-land: Gir).
=S. humilis= _Cav._
Perennial; branches long, prostrate, rooting at the nodes. Flowers pale yellow, under ½ in. diameter. Leaves broad-ovate, cordate, variable in size. Ripe carpels 5, separating from the axis, pointed.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land: near Khor Mulmul).
=S. spinosa= _Linn._
Annual or perennial, much branched, often with small, recurved prickles at the nodes below the petioles. Leaves oval to oblong, crenate-serrate. Flowers white, ½ in. in diameter. Ripe carpels 5, with 2 long, rough beaks.
Nubia; Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Between Khartoum & Berber; White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. (Kulme).
The leaves are demulcent, the root is a tonic and is used in some cases of cattle disease.
=S. cordifolia= _Linn._
Erect, much branched, semi-shrubby, with silky hair; leaves densely velvety, ovate, cordate; flowers yellow; ripe carpels 10, wrinkled, with 2 straight beaks.
Nubia; Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov.
The root and seeds are used in native medicines.
=S. rhombifolia= _Linn._
Shrubby; branches rough with stellate hair. Leaves rhomboid-lanceolate, dentate-serrate above, stellate hairy on under-surface. Flowers yellow; ripe carpels 9-10, beaked or not beaked.
White Nile Prov.; Mongalla Prov.; Darfur Prov. (shady places).
Roots used for rheumatism. Yields an excellent fibre.
=S. grewioides= _Guill._ & _Perr._
Shrubby plant. Leaves oblong or roundish, cordate, crenate, downy on both surfaces. Flowers small, yellow, axillary, solitary or in pairs; carpels 7-8, indehiscent, beakless or beaked; beaks inflexed.
Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (River Sobat); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shambé); Mongalla Prov.; Darfur Prov.
=S. Schweinfurthii= _E. G. Baker._
Leaves shortly petiolate, broadly ovate, coarsely and double serrate, cordate, about 4½ in. long and 3 in. broad, shortly stellate-pubescent on both surfaces. Flowers numerous in lax, very slender panicles; pedicels filiform.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: near Mongbo-longbo stream).
217 =Wissadula rostrata= _Planch._
Tall, shrubby plant. Leaves cordate. Flowers small, yellow, paniculate; carpels 5, beaked.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov.
Yields a good fibre.
218 =Abutilon angulatum= _Mast._ AMBORU, UMBARU or UMBORU—Arab; BUTNIEID (Dilling)—Nuba.
Tall, woody herb, up to 8 ft. high. Leaves long-stalked, roundish, cordate, 5-7 nerved, pale on under-surface. Flowers yellow, on loose terminal panicle. Fruit globose, depressed; carpels about 20, obtuse, reniform, 1-seeded.
Khartoum Prov.; Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf); Nuba Mountains Prov. (Dilling); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Wau); Mongalla Prov.
=A. graveolens= _Wight_ & _Arnott._ MAKHSHASH EL RIGAL (Baggara)—Arab; DOEIRI (Dilling)—Nuba.
Downy, bushy herb; calyx large, densely pubescent; corolla yellow, sometimes turning pink on withering. Leaves ovate, cordate, somewhat dentate, pubescent, pale beneath. Carpels 20 or more, 3-seeded.
Khartoum to Berber; White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.; Nuba Mountains Prov.; Red Sea Prov.
The leaves and root are used in medicine; the stems yield a fibre.
=A. glaucum= _Webb._ HANBŪK & UMBUR—Arab. The fruit GARGADAN.
Downy undershrub. Corolla yellow, with purple centre. Leaves cordate, 7-9 nerved, irregular dentate, as long as the stalk. Carpels 20 or more, 2-3 seeded.
Red Sea Prov.; Berber Prov.; Kassala Prov.; Khartoum Prov. & South.
=A. fruticosum= _Guill._ & _Perr._
Densely white-downy, much branched, rigid perennial. Leaves small, short-stalked, cordate, denticulate. Peduncles axillary, 1-3 flowered. Carpels 10, persistent, 2-3 seeded.
Red Sea Prov.; Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov.
=A. ramosum= _Guill._ & _Perr._
Erect branching, hairy perennial. Leaves cordate, sometimes 3-lobed, 5-7 nerved, long-stalked. Peduncles axillary and terminal, shorter than leaf-stalks; flowers white or yellow. Carpels 8-10, long 2-awned.
Fung & Kordofan Provinces.
=A. bidentatum= _Hochst._
Erect undershrub with downy branches. Leaves short-stalked, cordate- ovate, denticulate, pilose. Flowers in small axillary panicles. Fruit subglobose; carpels 16-20, each with 2 teeth; seeds 3 in each carpel.
Red Sea, Fung & Kordofan Provinces.
=A. hirtum= _Don._
Erect, downy perennial. Leaves long-stalked, ovate-cordate, serrate 6-7 nerved. Peduncles axillary or terminal, 1 or more flowered. Petals large, bright orange, hairy at base. Fruit truncate; carpels 12 or more, short bidentate; seeds 3.
Kordofan Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Kodok).
219 =Malachra radiata= _Linn._
Tall, hispid herb; flowers small, pink, in dense heads with distinct bractlets and surrounded by a general involucre.
Fruit turbinate; carpels 5. Leaves short-stalked, palmately 5-7 lobed.
Upper White Nile Prov. (mouth of Bahr El Zeraf); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Nabambisso River).
220 =Urena lobata= _Linn._ KĀRI (J. Eliri)—Nuba.
Tall herb, erect, branched, covered with stellate hairs. Leaves shallowly 5-lobed; flowers pink. Ripe carpels 5, densely stellate hairy and covered with spines deflexed at the ends.
Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov.; South Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Ghabat El Arab & Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov.
The bark yields a fibre of good quality, suitable for bags, twine, etc.