Part 11
221 =Pavonia hirsuta= _Guill._ & _Perr._ UMBERRU (N. Kordn.)—Arab.
Downy perennial or undershrub; branches or stems procumbent, up to 5-6 ft. long. Leaves scabrous above, cordate, suborbicular or obscurely 3-lobed. Flowers yellow, with purple centres, on solitary stalks in axils of upper leaves. Styles 10; carpels 10, covered with reflexed bristles. White Nile, Kordofan & Darfur Provinces.
=P. glechomæfolia= _A. Rich._ KULAM & KUNUTAL (Blue Nile)—Arab.
Rigid herb with slender hirsute branches. Leaves ovate, cordate, slightly 3-lobed, crenate-serrate. Flowers yellow, about 1 in. across, with 5 free, oval bracteoles. Ripe carpels 5, without beak.
Blue Nile Prov. (Abu Haraz); Kordofan Prov.; Darfur (Kulme); Red Sea Prov. (Has Has).
=P. triloba= _Hochst._
Erect, bushy herb; stems long-pilose. Leaves more or less trilobed, about 1¼ in. long, with two types of stellate hairs below. Epicalyx persistent, of several linear bracts.
White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan & Darfur Provinces.
=P. arabica= _Hochst._
Erect tomentose perennial. Leaves as long as stalks, oblong, subcordate. Peduncles solitary, axillary; epicalyx of 10-20 linear, villose bracts, arching over the ripe fruit. Corolla pink, longer than calyx. Fruit subglobose, size of a pea.
Red Sea Prov.; 21° N. Lat.; Darfur Prov.
=P. Kotschyi= _Hochst._
Densely villose, low growing, woody perennial. Leaves oblong-ovate, obtuse, coarsely serrate, 3-5 nerved. Epicalyx of 10 linear bracts. Peduncles axillary, solitary, 1-flowered. Corolla yellow, about 1 in. across. Carpels 5, each with 2 large wings.
Fung & Kordofan Provinces.
=P. zeylanica= _Cav._
Leaves digitately divided almost to the base, lobes 3-5, oblanceolate, 1 in. long, densely tomentose below with stellate hairs; flowers solitary, on long pedicels; epicalyx of 10 linear bracts; fruits slightly winged.
Red Sea Prov. (Karora).
=P. macrophylla= _E. Mey._
Tall pilose herb or undershrub. Leaves long-stalked, oval, cordate- acuminate, or 3-lobed, crenate-serrate. Peduncles axillary, 1-flowered. Epicalyx of usually 5 foliaceous segments; petals pink; styles 8-10; carpels 5, obovate.
White Nile Prov.
222 =Kosteletzkya adoensis= _Hochst._
Large herb or undershrub. A line of hairs along one side of the stem shifts to the other side at each successive joint. Leaves long-stalked, roundish-cordate, acuminate, 3-nerved, sometimes 3-pointed, hispid. Epicalyx of 7-10 linear-lanceolate bractlets. Corolla yellow. Carpels 5; seeds flat.
Fung Prov.
=K. flava= _Bak. f._ (_K. Buettneri_ Gürke).
Leaves linear to linear-lanceolate, up to 5 in. long and ½ in. broad, the lower often hastate at the base, serrulate, scabrid. Flowers solitary, axillary. Epicalyx of 7-10 linear bracts a little shorter than the calyx. Fruits depressed, pentagonal, bristly.
Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).
=K. Chevalieri= _Hochr._
Erect herb with rod-like stems, about 4 ft. high, densely strigose- hispid. Leaves suborbicular, widely cordate at the base, slightly 3-lobed, about 2 cm. diameter, softly stellate-pilose. Flowers in dense terminal spikes.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land; Bongo-land; Kulongo).
223 =Senra incana= _Cav._
Soft, downy undershrub; corolla deep purple. Epicalyx of 3 cordate palmi-nerved leaflets. Capsule 5-valved, ovoid; seed 3-pilose. Leaves palmately 3-5 lobed.
Fung & White Nile Provinces.
224 =Hibiscus Trionum= _Linn._
Much branched, hispid annual. Flower yellow, with a purple centre; calyx persistent, ventricose, accrescent. Epicalyx 7-12 linear segments. Leaves long-stalked, usually deeply palmately 3-5 lobed.
Red Sea Prov. (Suakin & Soturba); Khartoum Prov.; White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol).
=H. dictyocarpus= _Webb._
Stem woody, erect, hairy. Leaves long-stalked, 3-5 lobed, central lobe longest. Epicalyx of 10-12 linear, spathulate bracts. Peduncles solitary, axillary. Corolla yellow, with purple centre. Styles 5. Fruit roundish, 5-winged.
White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol).
=H. vitifolius= _Linn._
Tall, much-branched perennial. Flowers bright yellow, with a purple centre; bracteoles 5-8. Leaves palmate, 3-5 lobed, serrate. Capsules 5-winged. Epicalyx of 8-12 linear bracts.
Red Sea Prov.; Fung Prov. (Saoleil).
=H. obtusilobus= _Gärcke._
Herb, 18 in. high. Leaves longer than stalks, cordate, 3-5 lobed, central longest. Epicalyx of 6-9 linear-oblong bracts, shorter than calyx; calyx segments 1-nerved. Capsule covered with forked bristles.
White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol).
=H. diversifolius= _Jacq._
Tall, prickly herb. Flowers large, yellow, with red-purple centre; bracteoles 5-8. Leaves palmate, 3-5 lobed, long-stalked. Capsule pointed, hispid, ultimately smooth. Epicalyx of numerous subulate segments.
Bahr El Jebel (Sudd).
=H. corymbosus= _Hochst._
Erect, stellate-tomentose perennial, 2-3 ft. high. Lower leaves deeply 3-lobed, upper simple, oblong-lanceolate. Flowers yellow, crowded, corymbose. Epicalyx of 8-10 linear segments.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: near Dogguru, & Niamniam-land: Gumba & Bendo).
=H. physaloides= _Guill._ & _Perr._
Herb with somewhat irritant hairs. Flowers solitary, pale yellow, with maroon centre, or purple. Leaves variable, long-stalked. Epicalyx of about 10 filiform segments, shorter than calyx. Capsule ovoid, beaked, hispid.
Fung Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land, Shambé); Mongalla Prov. (Gondokoro); Bahr El Jebel (Madi).
=H. intermedius= _A. Rich._
A weak herb with deeply 3-5 lobed glandular leaves, pilose on the nerves, with weak hairs; flowers axillary, solitary, pale-yellow with purple centre; pedicels ⅓ in. long. Epicalyx of 10 linear bracts; capsule pubescent.
Red Sea Prov. (Has Has); Bahr el Jebel (Sheikh Tombé).
=H. rhabdotospermus= _Gärcke._
Woody herb, downy or villose. Leaves cordate, ovate, palmately 5-7 nerved. Epicalyx of 15-20 linear segments; corolla yellow, 1 in. across. Capsule ovate, woody.
White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol).
=H. articulatus= _Hochst._
Herb with yellow flowers, up to 2 in. diameter. Leaves short-stalked, rough, upper ones palmately 3-5-partite, lower ones roundish. Epicalyx of 8-10 strap-shaped segments.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Upper White Nile Prov. (Sobat mouth); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (between Wau & Deim Zubeir); Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla).
=H. surattensis= _Linn._
Scrambling, prickly herb, with solitary, showy pale-yellow flowers with a purple centre, 2-4 in. across. Epicalyx of 10-12 linear-spathulate segments. Leaves palmately 3-5 lobed, secondary nerves distinct.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Nabambisso River).
=H. lunariifolius= _Willd._ SHALIGA (Kordn.) & MIMLIGADA (Fung)—Arab.
Tall herb, with showy yellow flowers, with dark centre; bracteoles 5-7, linear, as long as sepals. Leaves ovate, cordate, generally 3-5 lobed, coarsely serrate dentate, densely tomentose with stiff stellate hairs.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Upper Nile Prov. (Renk).
Yields a good fibre.
=H. rostellatus= _Guill._ & _Perr._
Prickly and hairy herb. Leaves cordate, angular, palmately 5-lobed. Epicalyx of 10 linear segments, much shorter than calyx and each provided at apex with a spoon-shaped appendix. Flowers pink, rather large.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Nabambisso River).
=H. calycinus= _Willd._
Undershrub. Leaves downy to subglabrous, obtusely 3-5 angled. Flowers solitary, large, yellow, with purple centre. Epicalyx of 5 broadly spathulate, acute bracts, equal to the 5-nerved segments of calyx.
Fung & White Nile Provinces.
=H. panduriformis= _Burm._ BUTNIEID (Dilling)—Nuba.
Bushy herb, up to 6 ft. high and covered with bristly hairs. Leaves ovate, often somewhat 3-lobed, cordate, tomentose. Flowers yellow with purple centre; bracteoles 7-10, connate below, spathulate-linear.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov. (Fazoghli, Wad El Abbas, & Jongol’s Post); Nuba Mountains Prov. (Dilling); Mongalla Prov. (Bari country); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Ghabat El Arab); Darfur Prov. (Kulme).
=H. Grantii= _Mast._
Erect, villous undershrub. Leaves very short-stalked, sub-cordate, somewhat wedge-shaped at base and slightly 3-lobed at apex. Flowers numerous, in terminal leafy panicles. Epicalyx of 12 linear bracts; petals pink.
Bahr El Jebel (Madi).
=H. Sabdariffa= _Linn._ KARKADE, KIRKEN or JO (Darfur)—Arab; KOKORO (Kadugli)—Nuba; LAKBUR—Bari; TED (Ghabat El Arab)—Nuer; NOMBA—Zande.
Erect annual or perennial. The cultivated plant usually takes a deep red colour. Capsule ovoid, pointed. Leaves entire or with shallow lobes.
Generally cultivated, but occurs wild in Southern Sudan. The fleshy calyx is subacid and is used to prepare a refreshing drink. The plant yields a strong, silky fibre; it is known as Rozelle or Red Sorrel in the West Indies.
=H. cannabinus= _Linn._ TIL—Arab; N’ZEEBEE—Zande.
Tall herb; all parts hairy. Flowers yellow with maroon centre. Leaves deeply 5-7 lobed. Epicalyx of 5-7 segments. Capsule pointed.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile; Upper White Nile, Kordofan; Bahr El Ghazal & Mongalla Provinces.
Two varieties are in cultivation, both are used for the fibre which is made into Sagia ropes. The seeds yield an oil; the leaves possess aperient properties.
=H. micranthus= _Linn._ GHUBEISH (N. Kordn.)—Arab. Undershrub with spreading branches and stellate pubescence. Leaves 3-nerved, wedge- shaped at base, about 1 in. long. Flowers ½ in. long, pink. Epicalyx of 7-8 linear segments. Seeds numerous, cottony.
Red Sea Prov.; White Nile Prov. (El Dueim); Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. (J. Sungur); Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla).
=H. micranthus= _Linn._, =var.= ABUTKULA—Hadendowa.
Procumbent herb, with white flowers, turning pink after fertilisation.
Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); Darfur Prov.
=H. ternatus= _Mast._
Erect branching herb. Leaves palmately 3-lobed, upper leaves more deeply cut. Epicalyx none; calyx lobes 3-nerved; corolla yellow, under 1 in. long. Capsule pointed, hairy. White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Mongalla Prov. (Sh. Tombé).
=H. Solandra= _L’Herit._
Tall, woody herb, not unlike _Wissadula rostrata_ in general appearance. Leaves ovate to more or less deeply 3-lobed, cordate, dentate-serrate. Flowers pink, ½ in. across, in few-flowered terminal raceme; bracteoles none.
Blue Nile Prov. (Geneib Assad).
=H. sudanensis= _Hochst._
Woody, with prickly stems. Leaves triangular, truncate at base, up to 6 in. long, dentate, glabrous above, glabrescent or pubescent below. Flowers axillary, solitary or 2-3. Bracteoles 10, linear.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov.
=H. esculentus= _Linn._ BAMIA & WEIKAH—Arab; KWEINDE (Dilling)—Nuba; KARAN—Hameg; FOMAH (Renk)—Dinka; BARA (Ghabat El Arab)—Nuer.
Tall, erect, woody herb. Leaves long-stalked, palmately 5-lobed. Corolla large, yellow, with purple centre. Capsule 4-6 in. long.
Cultivated. The young pods are used as a vegetable, the stem yields a good fibre.
225 =Cienfuegosia digitata= _Cav._ GUTUB & GID EL GUTN (N. Kordn.), MĀNAGIGA (Meshra El Zeraf) and GUTN EL KHAL—Arab.
Hairy herb or undershrub, somewhat like a small cotton plant. Leaves 5-lobed; ovary black punctate.
Kordofan Prov. (Fertangul & North Kordofan); Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf).
226 =Thespesia near Garckeana= _F. Hoffm._ NAJIKAR (J. Daier)—Nuba.
Small tree. Leaves palmate, 3½ in. broad, stellate-pubescent below. Capsule the size of a chestnut, seeds hairy, said to be edible.
Nuba Mountains Prov. (J. Daier).
227 =Gossypium arboreum= _Linn._ =var. rosea= _Watt._
Cotton plant.
Semi-cultivated in various parts of the country.
=G. Nanking var. Roji= _Watt._
White Nile Prov.
=var. soudanensis= _Watt._
Semi-cultivated.
=var. Brouniana= _Watt._ ALAS—Dinka.
Mongalla Prov. (Kenissa).
=var. Bani= _Watt._
Khartoum Prov.
=G. obtusifolium= _Roxb._ =var. africana= _Watt._
Red Sea Prov. (Suakin); White Nile, Kordofan & Darfur Provinces.
=var. Wightiana= _Watt._
Darfur Prov.; Mongalla Prov. (Bor).
=G. hirsutum= _Linn._ GUTN AMERICANI—Arab.
Cultivated in northern provinces under irrigation and as a rain crop in the south.
=G. peruvianum= _Cav._
Hybrids of this species are cultivated in the Central Sudan under the name of Egyptian Cotton.
=G. cf. G. mexicanum= _Tod._
Two varieties with yellow and red flowers, respectively, are found among native cultivation in the Fung Province.
=G. purpurascens= _Poir._ GUTN ARABI, GUTN MUMTAZ—Arab.
Found semi-cultivated in various parts of the country.
=G. herbaceum= _Linn._
Darfur Prov. (cultivated).
=G. brasiliense= _Macf._ ROKO—Zande. Kidney Cotton.
Stout, woody plant, up to 15 ft. high. Corolla, calyx, ovary and bracts punctate. Seeds cohering; staple short. The cotton is called RAMU by the Zande.
Bahr El Ghazal & Mongalla Provinces.
=EUPHORBIACEÆ.=
228 =Synadenium Grantii= _Hook. f._
Shrub, 8-10 ft. high. Leaves alternate, thinly fleshy, oblanceolate or obovate, 3-7 in. long. Cymes axillary, repeatedly forked. Invol. 2-sexual or male, ¼ in. diameter, saucer-shaped with a red entire, spreading gland-rim, from the inner edge of which spring 5 inflexed, fringe lobes, overtopping the rim. Inside the invol. the stamens (male flowers) arranged in 5 groups, separated by membranous walls; ovary (female flowers) when present, central, stalked, with a rudimentary 3-crenate rim as per., 3-lobed, as most common in this family; styles 3, deeply bifid, recurved.
Bahr El Jebel (Madi).
229 =Euphorbia convolvuloides= _Hochst._
Bushy herb, 6-20 in. high, tomentose. Leaves opposite, oblong or ovate- lanceolate, ⅓-1½ in. long, acute, obliquely subcordate; stipules subulate, free or connate. Flowering branchlets short, bearing clustered white or tawny minute involucres; invol. differs from above by the rim- gland which is not continuous but 4-lobed; gland-lobes entire or crenulate. Capsules obtusely 3-angled, 1/12 in. diameter, tomentose, separating into 3 lobes from the central axis, as in all this genus.
Kordofan Prov. (J. Kon, Obeid).
=E. hirta= _Linn._ ABULEBBEN—Arab.
Yellow hairy herb, 4-16 in. high, with milky juice as in all this genus. Leaves opposite, obliquely lanceolate, or rhomboid-oblong, or ovate, ⅓-2 in. long, serrulate. Cymes axillary globose or divided into 2-3 globose heads; invol. crowded, minute, rim-glands 4, with minute dorsal appendage. Capsules globose 3-angled, puberulous, minute.
Khartoum Prov.
The root is said to be given to allay vomiting.
=E. hypericifolia= _Linn._ MABLEBEN (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab; GNIOR (Meshra El Zeraf)—Dinka.
Herb, 3-18 in. high. Leaves opposite, from linear-oblong to ovate, ¼-1½ in. long, usually denticulate. Cymes axillary, ⅙-½ in. diameter; few or many-flowered. Invol. cup-shaped, minute, rim-glands minute, appendaged, white; styles deeply bifid.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: around Matamma); Khartoum Prov.; Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf); Bahr El Jebel; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).
=E. scordifolia= _Jacq._ MALBEINA HAMRA & UMLEBEINA (Kordn.)—Arab.
Bushy, woolly herb. Leaves opposite, oblong or oblong-elliptic, ¼-¾ in. long, obtuse, obliquely subcordate, serrulate. Invol. usually crowded along axillary, leafy branchlets. Flowers much as above.
Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Erkowit, Soturba); Blue Nile Prov.; White Nile Prov. (Turra); Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf).
=E. granulata= _Forsk._ LIBBEYN or LIBBEIN—Arab.
Hirsute prostrate weed. Leaves opposite, oblong or oblong-obovate, oblique at base, under ½ in. long. Infl. in short, leafy axillary racemes. Invol. campanulate, green, minute; rim-glands 4 or 3, appendages 2-3 lobed.
Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Suakin); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Berber Prov.; Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov. (Abu Gerad); Darfur Prov.
=var. glabrata= _Boiss._ GONOIH (Halfa Prov.)—Arab.
Leaves glabrous above, pubescent beneath. Rim-glands somewhat more petaloid than in type.
Wadi Halfa (Islands); Red Sea Prov. (21° N. Lat.); Kordofan Prov.
=E. polycnemoides= _Hochst._
Bushy herb, glabrous. Leaves opposite, usually minute, up to 1 in. long, linear to linear-oblong, often falcate, mucronate, base unequal, sharply denticulate. Invol. solitary, axillary spaced along branchlets, green or purplish, minute; rim-glands 4, with or without a minute notched or 2-lobed appendage. Seeds 4-angled rugose.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma & Goz Regeb: J. Erimbat); Kordofan Prov. (Obeid); Nuba Mts. Prov. (Dilling); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur, Jur Ghattas).
=E. ægyptiaca= _Boiss._ MALBEINA & UMLEBEINA (N. Kordn.)—Arab.
Small prostrate herb. Leaves opposite, up to ½ in. long, oblong, unequal at base, slightly toothed; stipules free usually. Infl. in short leafy axillary racemes. Invol. minute campanulate, open down one side for extrusion of capsules; rim-glands 4, appendages minute or obsolete.
Nubia (deserts & between Suakin & Berber); Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, 21° N. Lat.); Dongola Prov. (Dongola to Merowe); Berber Prov. (Abu Hamad, banks of the Nile & Mesherif); Khartoum Prov. (Khartoum & Wad Shellai); Blue Nile Prov.; Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.
Used in native medicine as a purgative.
=E. sanguinea= _Hochst._ & _Steud._
Prostrate weed. Leaves opposite, under ½ in. long, oblong or obliquely elliptic, very oblique at base, rounded at apex, often with a red spot. Infl. as above; invol. campanulate, minute; rim-glands 4, appendages narrow, usually 2-3 lobed.
Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, 21° N. Lat.).
=E. prostrata= _Ait._
Small prostrate weed, puberulous on upper side. Leaves up to ⅓ in. long, oblong to elliptic, more or less toothed, rounded at apex. Infl. as above; invol. campanulate, minute; rim-glands 4, minute, with appendage just exceeding the margin or obsolete.
Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, 21° N. Lat.).
=E. crotonoides= _Boiss._
Erect herb, 1-2 ft. high, with narrow wings decurrent from short, flat petioles. Leaves alternate, except at forking of flowering branches, linear to lanceolate, ¾-3 in. long, irregularly serrate. Flowering branches raceme-like, 1½-8 in. long. Invol. sessile or subsessile, solitary, woolly, pubescent; rim-glands 4, distinctly stalked, entire, red or purple. Capsules with long, soft, spreading hairs.
Kordofan Prov. (El Obeid); Kordofan Prov.
=E. bongensis= _Kotschy_ & _Peyr._
Bushy herb, up to 1 ft. high, with perennial rhizome. Leaves alternate, linear, ½-1½ in. long. Invol. solitary, terminal, minute, subsessile; rim-glands 4-5; 2-lipped or obliquely funnel-shaped. Capsules velvety.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur River, Kutshook Ali’s Zariba).
=E. arabica= _Hochst._ & _Steud._
Erect, glabrous annual. Leaves opposite, short petiolate, linear, ½-1 in. long, straight or curved. Infl. on axillary peduncle-like branchlets or on peduncles, up to ⅓ in. long, with 2-3 invol. and sometimes one in axil at base; invol. minute; rim-glands 4, minute, appendages inconspicuous or none.
Red Sea Prov. (J. Waratab & 21° N. Lat.); Kassala Prov. (Goz Regeb).
=E. dracunculoides= _Lam._
Erect, glabrous annual, 3-12 in. high. Leaves opposite above, alternate below, sessile linear or linear-lanceolate, ⅓-2 in. long. Invol. solitary at forks or ends of branches, minute; rim-glands minute, narrowly oblong or half-moon shaped, 2-horned.
Red Sea Prov. (Soturba, Suakin 21° N. Lat.).
It yields a clear oil, used as drying-oil and for burning. The fruit is said to remove warts.
=E. acalyphoides= _Hochst._
Annual, 6-15 in. high. Leaves alternate, elliptic or elliptic-oblong, ¾-1¾ in. long; petals ¼-1¼ in. long. Peduncles axillary, shorter than petals, bearing 1-3 sessile invol., which are minute; glands elliptic or elliptic-oblong, pubescent.
White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan & Darfur Provinces.
=E. macrophylla= _Pax._
Perennial, 18 in. high. Leaves alternate, 3-5 whorled at base of umbels; stem-leaves obovate to elliptic, 3-6 in. long, whorl-leaves varying from oblong to rhomboid or lanceolate. Umbels terminal, 3-5 rayed, compound or simple by abortion, with 2-3 distant flowering nodes; invol. ⅓ in. diameter; glands 5, ⅙ in. diameter, elliptic-oblong, shortly 2-lipped.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).
=E. schimperiana= _Scheele._
Erect herb, ½-4 ft. high. Leaves alternate, or with a whorl of 3-5 under the umbel, ¾-3½ in. long, linear-lanceolate or lanceolate, narrowed to base, sessile, glabrous. Cymes terminal, 3 to many times forked, sometimes terminating in a 3-5 rayed umbel; bracts opposite, sessile, ¼-1 in. long, triangular-ovate. Invol. solitary sessile or nearly so, minute, cup-shaped; glands 4, minute, somewhat half-mooned shaped, 2-horned.
Fung Prov. (Bunzaga).
=E. arguta= _Soland._
Herb, 3-15 in. high. Leaves alternate, sessile, lanceolate or oblanceolate, serrate. Umbels 3-5 rayed, terminal or axillary near the apex; rays up to 5 in. long, cymosely 2-4 times divided. Invol. solitary, sessile, or nearly so, minute; glands 4, minute, transversely oblong, entire.
Nubia (Wadi Halfa).
=E. agowensis= _Hochst._
Undershrub, with herbaceous branches. Leaves alternate, with a whorl of 3 at base of umbel and opposite on its branches, elliptic-obtuse, ½-1¼ in. long, denticulate. Umbels terminal, 3-branched, 1-3 times forked or lateral and axillary, 1-10 in. long. Invol. in cymes of 3 at ends of umbel branches, minute; glands 4, transversely oblong, minute.
Fung Prov. (Fazoghli).
=E. cyparissioides= _Pax._
Bushy, glabrous herb, about 1 ft. high. From a perennial root stock. Leaves alternate on stem and branches, whorled or opposed under the cyme or umbel, sessile, linear, ⅓-1¼ in. long. Invol. solitary or in subcapitate cymes, terminal, minute. Glands 5, rarely 7, minute, margins straight or creniculate. Capsules much exserted.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dar Fertit, Deim Gudju, Niamniam-land, at River Ibba).
=E. cuneata= _Vahl._
Woody shrub, up to 10-12 ft. high; branches horizontal, often spine- tipped, glabrous or at first puberulous. Leaves alternate, scattered and, on short secundary branches, tufted, usually ⅓-1 in. long, linear- cuneate to cuneate-spathulate. Cymes umbel-like, ⅓-⅔ in. long, axillary or terminal, with 1 or 3-5 invols. with reduced leaves under cymes and invols. Invol. 1/5-1/4 in. diameter, broadly cup-shaped; glands 5, peltate, concave, elliptic or suborbicular, about 1/12 in. diameter. Capsules erect, ¼ in. diameter, puberulous.
Red Sea Prov. (J. Kuureb, J. Waratab, sea coast, 21° N. Lat., Karora).
=E. nubica= _N.E. Br._ JAGIA (J. Daier)—Nuba.
Unarmed green, early-leafless shrub, up to 6 ft. high; branches alternate, cylindrical; leaf-scars prominent. Leaves not seen. Umbels terminal of 5-7 simple rays, about ½ in. long; bracts early deciduous, oblong, acute, ½ in. long, whorled at base of umbel, and orbicular- obovate, ⅙ in. long, paired below the invols. Invol. ¼ in. diameter, shallowly cup-shaped; lobes scarcely toothed or ciliate, but sometimes bifid; glands 4, transversely elliptic or orbicular. Capsules ¼ in. diameter, much exserted.
Red Sea Prov. (21° N. Lat.); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Daier); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra: Duli Konga, 7,500 ft.).
=E. consobrina= _N.E. Br._
Shrub of habit much as above. Leaves soon deciduous, sessile, linear- lanceolate, acute, ⅙-¼ in. long. Umbel of 3, or less, simple rays, up to ½ in. long, terminal, based by a whorl of leaves. Invol. solitary, about ⅙ in. diameter, shallowly cup-shaped, the 5 lobes subquadrate, subentire, slightly ciliate; glands as above. Capsules slightly exserted, curved to one side.
Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit, Wadi Teeke, between Suakin and Berber).
=E. scoparia= _N.E. Br._ KURKABAN & SHAGAR EL SIM (Baggara)?—Arab; IMGEIL (Dilling)?—Nuba.
Unarmed tree, 15-25 ft. high; branchlets alternate, abundant, green, cylindrical, fleshy, ¼-½ in. thick, marked with leaf scars. Leaves caducous, alternate, scattered below, clustered at ends of branchlets, linear, sessile, about ½ in. long. Invols. in dense sessile clusters, about ⅙ in. in diameter at tips of branches, cup-shaped, minute; lobes 5, ovate subciliate; glands 5, minute, transversely elliptic, entire. Ovary erect on stout pedicel as long as invol.
Blue Nile Prov.; Fung Prov. (Dakhila, south of Roseires); Nuba Mts. Prov. (Dilling)?
=E. venenifica= _Trém._ SHAGAR EL SIM—Arab; RIS (Tagele)—Nuba; JIANGO—Zande.
Bushy shrub, up to 7 or 8 ft. high, with fleshy, cylindrical branches armed with conical prickles. Leaves deciduous, 3-11 in. long, narrowly lanceolate to oblong-cuneate, tapering into the short petiole. Cymes solitary in axils of spine tubercles, ½-¾ in. long including the short peduncle, once or twice forked, the branches bearing 3 invols.; central invol. sessile, lateral short pedicellate, about 1/7 in. diameter, cup- shaped, lobes 5, broadly cuneate, fringed at top, rim-glands 1/12 in. diameter, transversely oblong. Capsules deeply 3-lobed, erect, about ⅓ in. diameter.
Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas & Abu Gurun’s Zariba, Mittu: Dukutu, Niamniam-land); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).
Used by natives for poisoning arrows.
=E. Teke= _Schweinfth._
Very large tree; young branches fleshy, 4-angled, about ½-¾ in. diameter, armed with geminate, diverging stipular spines, about ⅙ in. long, blackish. Leaves glabrous, elongated cuneate-obovate, 3-12 in. long, tapering into the ⅓-1 in. long petioles. Cymes axillary, sessile, of 2-4 peduncle-like branches, 1½-2½ in. long, each with 2, about ½ in. long branches, each end ending in a solitary sessile invol.; bracts under invol. nearly ¼ in. long, ovate, deciduous. Invol. under ½ in. diameter, broadly cup-shaped; lobes 5, broadly cuneate, fringed; glands 5, transversely elliptic-oblong; ovary erect, glabrous.
Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Yuru and Diagbe Rivers).
=E. triaculeata= _Forsk._ =var. triacantha= _N.E. Br._
Spiny, succulent, leafless bushy plant, 5-20 in. high; stems with branches about ½ in. thick, usually 3-5 angled, angles often prominent, with deep notches forming triangular teeth, each margined with a horny shield bearing 1 straight needle-like spine up to 1 in. long and 2 small prickles at its base. Cymes small, solitary in axils of teeth, with 3 invols.; bracts scale-like. Invol. minute; lobes 5-6 transversely rectangular, fringed; glands united into a 5-lobed spreading rim; ovary not exserted.
Red Sea Prov. (J. Waratab & Khor Seterra).
=E. monacantha= _Pax._
Succulent, much branched, very spiny, leafless plant, 4-8 in. high; stems about ½ in. thick, with several spiral series of tubercles or tuberculate angles, each tubercle bearing 1 spreading spine ⅓-¾ in. long, with or without a pair of minute prickles at its base on a 3-lobed horny shield. Leaves scale-like, deciduous. Invols. 3 together in axils of the shields, sessile or nearly so, with a pair of oblong toothed bracts, cup-shaped, about 6⅛ in. diameter, lobes 5, cuneate; glands variable contiguous or separated; ovary sessile.
Red Sea Province (Suakin).
=E. Thi= _Schweinfth._ ANKHAU—Hadendowa; DAMBOTIT—Rashida.
Succulent, spiny, leafless bush, 2-4 ft. high; branches erect, up to about 2 in. diam., 4-6 angled, constricted at intervals of 1-2½ in.; angles compressed, lobed by the constrictions with continuous horny margins; spines varying from ⅙-¾ in., in pairs, diverging, ⅙-½ in. apart. Cymes solitary in axils of spines, subsessile, with 3 invols.; bracts small, ovate. Invol. ⅙ in. diam., lobes 5, cuneate, fringed; glands 5, transversely oblong. Caps. ⅛ in. diam., partly exserted.
Nubia (Wadi Teeke, between Suakin & Berber); Red Sea Prov. (Sinkat).