Part 24

Erect herb, 2 ft. high; stem and branches winged. Leaves alt., linear to elliptic oblong, decurrent, dentate, 2-5 in. long. Heads few-flowered, red, subglobose, densely crowded on ovoid common receptacles which are solitary or 2-3 together, terminal or lateral. Fl. white or pink, heterog., female tubular 3-dentate; disk fl. tubular 5-dent. or sterile.

Blue Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo, Mittu & Niamniam lands).

=S. Steetzii= _O._ & _H._

Erect herb, 1-2 ft. high; branches winged above. Leaves linear to oblong, decurrent, ab. 2 in. long. Heads 5-flowered, the central fl. only male, the others female; common receptacle hemispherical, terminating stem and branches.

Blue Nile Prov.

=S. nubicus= _Sch. Bip._

Erect glandular-hairy annual, ab. 2 ft. high; upper branches winged. Leaves linear to lanceolate, decurrent, 1-3 in. long. Heads 3-9 flowered, the central one male; common receptacle slightly convex, terminal.

Kordofan Prov.

=S. Brounæ= _Robyns._

Herb, 1 ft. high, strongly scented, glandular and pilose. Leaves sessile, auriculate at the base, oblong, ½ in. long. Heads compound, globose, pedunculate, ⅓ in. in diam., pink.

Kordofan Prov. (near Agari).

534 =Phagnalon Schweinfurthii= _Schultz Bip._

White lanate undershrub. Leaves alt., linear, amplexicaul, 2 in. long. Heads wide-campanulate, many-flowered, terminal or from upper axils, heterog.; fem. fl. tubular-filiform, denticulate; hermaphr. tubular, 5-toothed.

Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Soturba).

=P. scalarum= _Schweinfth._

Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 9,200 ft.).

535 =Achyrocline luzuloides= _Vatke._

White lanate undershr. Leaves linear, subamplexicaul, 2 in. long. Heads 4-8 flowered in dense hemispherical, terminal cymes, heterogamous; fem. fl. 3-5 radiate; hermaphr. 1-3 together; involucre white, shining.

Red Sea Prov.; between Suakin & Berber.

=A. glumacea= _O._ & _H._

Hoary lanate undershr. Leaves narrow-linear, 1-4 in. long. Heads 5-8 flowered (female 4-5 and hermaphr. 1-3 together), sessile, in crowded branched corymbose or globose cymes; involucre scales shining, white or pale-yellow.

Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra: high zone).

=A. Schimperi= _Sch. Bip._

Loose straggling herb, hoary tomentose all over. Leaves ovate, acute, 1½-2 in. long; flower-heads oblong, 4-5 flowered, sessile in dense corymbs; bracts shining.

Red Sea Prov. (foot of Has Has).

536 =Gnaphalium luteo-album= _Linn._

Erect cottony herb. Leaves alt., linear or spathulate, semi-amplexicaul, 1-3 in. long. Heads campanulate, many-flowered, subsessile, many together in crowded clusters, terminal or axillary, heterog.; fem. fl. filiform; hermaphr. fl. 4-5 in each head; invol. bracts straw-coloured.

Fung Prov. (Saoleil); Kordofan Prov.

=G. Unionis= _Schultz Bip._

Lanate annual, up to 1 ft. high. Leaves linear, subamplexicaul, ½-1 in. long, lanate. Heads campanulate, crowded in terminal, often involucrate clusters. Fem. fl. filiform; hermaphr. fl. 6-8-15 in each head; invol. bracts white at tips, woolly outside.

Dongola Prov. (Debba); Kordofan Prov.

=G. pulvinatum= _Del._

Prostrate, lanate-tomentose annual; branches 3-5 in. long. Leaves alt., spathulate, attenuate to base. Heads campanulate, in subglobose leafy or involucrate clusters; hermaphr. fl. 4-6; fem. fl. numerous; invol. as above.

White Nile Prov. (above El Eish); Kordofan Prov.

=G. niliacum= _Raddi._

Cottony herb, 3-10 in. high. Leaves alt., spathulate or obovate, attenuate into short petiole. Heads campanulate, sessile, in dense spiciform terminal clusters; fem. fl. numerous; hermaphr. fl. 4-5 outer invol. lanate; midrib green.

Dongola Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dar Fertit).

537 =Helichrysum rosulatum= _O._ & _H._

Procumbent, tomentose perennial, 1½ in. high. Leaves alt., spathulate, oblong, emarginate, ½-1 in. long, crowded at base of branches. Capitula 6-7 all hermaphr., many together forming a subglobose head; invol. scales purple.

Red Sea Prov. (shores of the Red Sea).

=H. Nimmoanum= _O._ & _H._

Woolly white, shrubby plant. Leaves alt., oblong or ovate, ab. 1 in. long. Capitula 8-10 flowered, hermaphr., crowded in dense branched terminal corymbs; invol. scales straw-coloured.

Red Sea Prov. (shores of the Red Sea).

=H. gracilipes= _O._ & _H._

Procumbent rosulate, white woolly herb, giving out offshoots. Leaves elliptic, ½ in. long. Capitula hermaphr., 20-flowered, solitary at ends of branches; invol. scales straw-coloured.

Red Sea Prov.

=H. undatum= _Less._

Erect white-woolly perennial, 4 ft. high. Leaves linear to lanceolate, up to 5 in. long. Capitula hermaphr., with orange fimbrillæ, crowded in terminal corymbose cymes; 1-6 in. diam.; invol. scales rose-coloured.

Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).

=H. abyssinicum= _Sch. Bip._

Shrubby, 18 in. high. Leaves linear or linear-oblong, densely tomentose, ab. 1 in. long. Capitula heterog., 50-fl., yellow, crowded in dense globose clusters, 1-3 in. wide, terminal; fem. fl. filiform; invol. scales pale-yellow, shining.

Darfur Prov. (J. Marra).

538 =Leysera capillifolia= _DC._

Slender glandular-scabrid annual. Leaves filiform or linear, crowded, 1 in. long. Cap. yellow, heterog., solitary on slender subterminal peduncles; fem. fl. ligulate, ligule very small; hermaphr. fl. tubular, 5-cleft.

Red Sea Prov. (Coast: Soturba, J. Shellal at 3,000 ft., Suakin).

539 =Inula macrophylla= _Schultz Bip._

Perennial, 2-5 ft. high. Leaves alt., oval or ovate, 1 ft. or more long, upper cordate-amplexicaul, tawny-tomentose. Capitula hermaphr., yellow, in a dense corymbose terminal cyme, 4-8 in. wide.

Red Sea Prov. (Karora).

540 =Iphiona scabra= _DC._

Glandular scabrid undershrub. Leaves alt., subulate-pungent, 1 in. long with 2-6 small basal spines. Capit. hermaphr., yellowish-white, 14-flowered, solitary, axillary or terminal.

Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Soturba).

541 =Pegolettia senegalensis= _Cass._

Hispid annual, up to 2 ft. high. Leaves alt. linear or oblanceolate, ½-1 in. long. Capit. hermaphr., yellow, turning purple, 18-30 flowered, solitary, terminal.

Blue Nile Prov. (Rufaa); Kordofan Prov.

542 =Vicoa auriculata= _Cass._

Annual, 1-3 ft. Leaves alt., linear-lanceolate to oblong, auriculate, amplexicaul, ½-3 in. long. Capit. hermaphr., orange-yellow, forming a loose terminal panicle.

Red Sea Prov. (Soturba); Fung Prov. (Fazoghli & Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur & Bongo-lands).

543 =Pulicaria petiolaris= _Jaub._ & _Spach._

Somewhat woody herb, up to 1½ ft. high, glandular-puberulous and appressed pubescent. Leaves alt. ½-2 in. long, oval or lanceolate, dentate, cuneate or truncate at base; petiole winged, amplexicaul, up to 1 in. long. Capit. heterog., yellow, in loose corymbs; fem. fl. with minute ligule.

Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.); Fung Prov.

=P. Grantii= _O._ & _H._

Shrubby, 2 ft. or more; stems glandular puberulous. Leaves linear, sessile, short tomentose, up to 1 in. long. Capit. heterog., yellow, solitary, terminal, many-flowered. Ligule of fem. fl. small; hermaphr. fl. tubular, 5-dentate.

Khartoum Prov. (16° N.L.).

=P. undulata= _DC._ RIHAN (Kordn.), ARRĀWAL (Atbara), RUBBUL, GHUBEYRA, & KUTKAT—Arab.

Woolly, strongly-scented herb, ½-2 ft. high. Leaves linear to oblanceolate, dentate, undulate, auriculate-amplexicaul, ½-2 in. long. Capit. heterog., yellow, many-flowered, solitary, terminal.

Red Sea Prov.; Kassala Prov.; Æthiopia (J. El Ghazal); Khartoum, Blue Nile, Kordofan & Darfur Provinces.

=P. crispa= _Benth._ & _Hook. f._

White tomentose herb, 1-2½ ft. high. Leaves linear to obovate-oblong, auriculate amplexicaul, ¾-1½ in. long, denticulate-crisped. Capit. heterog., yellow, many-flowered, loosely panicled, terminal; hermaphr. fl. 4-5 dentate.

Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.); Dongola Prov. (Merowe); Khartoum Prov. (North); Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. (Abu Nuer, 80 m. E. of El Fasher).

The dried plant is applied to bruises on cattle.

=P. Rüppellii= _Schultz._

Small white woolly herb. Leaves obovate, spathulate, denticulate, auricled and amplexicaul, ½-2½ in. long. Capit. heterog., yellow, solitary and terminal; ligule of fem. fl. long and 3-dentate.

Red Sea Prov. (shores between 11° and 12° N.L.).

=P. vulgaris= _Gærtn._ RÏMÏTH (Kordn.), ZAGHIL & ABU ’AIN SAFRA—Arab.

Puberulous herb, 1 ft. or more. Leaves linear-oblong, cordate, sessile, ½-2½ in. long. Capit. as above.

Kordofan Prov. (North of Shersha); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 6,500-9,000 ft.).

544 =Geigeria acaulis= _Benth._ & _Hook. f._

Low, tufted, cottony herb. Leaves alt., crowded, linear or oblong, 1-3½ in. long., overtopping the solitary heterog. yellow capit. Fem. fl. ligulate, 3-dentate; hermaphr. fl. tubular, 5-fid.

White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan & Darfur Provinces.

=G. alata= _Benth._ & _Hook. f._ GATGAT (Baggara) & RIHAN (N. Kordn.)—Arab; HASHUK—Hadendowa; DOSH—Rashida.

Glabrous herb, ½-1 ft. high; branches winged. Leaves opp., oval-oblong, decurrent, 1-3½ in. long, glandular-punctate. Cap. heterog., yellow, 10-12 flowered, bracteate, solitary in forks of branches. Fl. as above.

Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.); Khartoum Prov. (J. Royan); Kassala Prov. (Um Adam); Kordofan & Darfur Provinces.

=G. Macdougalii= _S. Moore._

Annual, about 1 in. high. Leaves sessile, oblanceolate or lanceolate- oblanceolate, mucronate, 1 in long, ciliolate, gland-dotted. Heads small terminal and axillary. Bracts 4-seriate.

White Nile Prov.

545 =Anisoppapus africanus= _O._ & _H._

Erect puberulous herb, 3-4 ft. Leaves deltoid, hastate, crenate, 1-3 in. long, alternate. Capit. heterog., yellow, ½-1 in. wide excluding ligules of fem. fl. which are spreading and 3-dentate; hermaphr. fl. 5-toothed. Infl. corymbose.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).

=A. chinensis= _Hk._ & _Arn._

Erect pubescent herb. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, obtusely dentate, 1½-2½ in. long; petioles dilating at base. Capit. as above.

Bahr El Jebel (Madi).

546 =Ambrosia maritima= _Linn._

Annual, woody below, hairy, 1-3 ft. high. Leaves alt., ovate, bipinnatipartite, 1-3 in. long. Capit. white, monœcious, in dense spikes, male at the top, female below (or sessile in upper axils), in terminal corymbose panicles; male fl. white, tubular, 5-fid; fem. fl.: cor. 0 but involucre closed over the fruit, spinose or tubercled.

Berber Prov.; Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov. (from Sennar northwards, on river banks).

547 =Xanthium strumarium= _Linn._ KHARAQ EL BAHR—Arab.

Puberulous annual, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves deltoid, 3-5-lobed, coarsely dentate, 1-6 in. broad, cordate; petiole ½-5 in. long Capit. yellow monœcious; male globose in terminal clusters; female 2-flowered axillary; invol. of fem. heads prickly.

Khartoum and Blue Nile Provinces.

The seeds yield an oil. The fruit is considered efficacious for small- pox, also useful for diseases of the bladder. Not eaten by cattle. In the Fung “Mayas,” after all the grass has been eaten, masses of this plant form vivid green patches.

548 =Siegesbeckia orientalis= _Linn._

Pubescent, widely branched annual, 1-3 ft. Leaves alt., deltoid-ovate to lanceolate, 1½-5 in. long, dentate. Capit. heterog., yellow, in dichotomous leafy panicles; fem. fl. ligulate, toothed, inconspicuous; hermaphr. fl. tubular, 3-5, dentate.

Red Sea Prov.

549 =Enhydra fluctuans= _Lour._

Aquatic herb, 1-2 ft. high; stem rooting and creeping. Leaves opp., linear to lanceolate, 1-3 in. long, base subhastate, petiole dilated. Capit. heterog., whitish or greenish, axillary. Fem. fl. inconspicuous; hermaphr. fl. 5-toothed; invol. bract 4, leafy, ovate.

Mongalla Prov. (below Bor).

The leaves are regarded as laxative, antibilious and useful in diseases of the skin and nervous system.

550 =Eclipta alba= _Hassk._ TAMR EL GHANAM (Khartoum), BILTIK (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab; HRERVA (Meshra El Zeraf)—Dinka.

Scabrid herb, ½-2 ft. high. Leaves opp., lanceolate, up to 5 in. long. Capit. heterog., on peduncles 1-3 together; fem. fl. white, ligulate, small; hermaphr. fl. tubular, 4-dentate.

Berber Prov. (Atbara, on river banks); Khartoum Prov.; Darfur Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shambé, Jur Ghattas).

Yields a black stain which elsewhere is used in tattooing.

551 =Sclerocarpus africanus= _Jacq._

Hispid herb, 1-4 ft. high. Leaves mostly alt., ovate to ovate- lanceolate, serrate, 1-6 in. long. Capit. heterog., solitary, over- topped by involucral bracts; ray fl. 3, neuter, yellow; disk fl. hermaphr., 10-12, tubular, 4-5-toothed.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov.

552 =Blainvillea rhomboidea= _Cass._

Branched scabrid annual, 1-3½ ft. high. Leaves alt. or opp., lanceolate, crenate-serrate, up to 3 in. long. Capit. heterog. 1-2 together, forming with others a panicled leafy cyme. Fem. fl. ligulate, 2-3 dentate, yellow.

Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.); Fung Prov. (Saoleil); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.

=B. Prieureana= _DC._

Hispid branched herb, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves opp. or alt., ovate- lanceolate to lanceolate, 3-nerved, 1-5 in. long. Inflor. much as above.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Kordofan Prov. (Abu Sinum).

553 =Aspilia multiflora= _O._ & _H._

Scabrid herb. Leaves opp., ovate-lanceolate, up to nearly 2 in. long. Capit. heterog., yellow, in lax, leafy panicles; ray fl. neuter, ligule rarely exceeding ½ in. in length; disk fl. hermaphr.

Blue Nile Prov.

=A. Schimperi= _O._ & _H._

Erect annual 1-3 ft. high, scantily hairy. Leaves opp., ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, acuminate, connate at the base, 1-5 in. long. Capit. heterog. yellow, in lax, leafy cymes; ray fl. neuter, ligule 1/5 in. long.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat).

=A. latifolia= _O._ & _H._

Hispid herb, 1½-4 ft. high. Leaves opp., ovate, serrulate, 3-nerved near the base, 1½-5 in. long. Capit. heterog., yellow, solitary on long peduncles, terminal or in forks of branches; ray florets 20, ligule under ½ in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas and Niamniam-land, Nganye).

The pounded leaves and flowers act as a powerful styptic.

=A. Kotschyi= _Benth._ & _Hook. f._

Scabrid and hispid annual, 1-4 ft. high. Leaves opp., lanceolate or oval to linear, subamplexicaul, 1-8 in. long. Capit. heterog., deep maroon- coloured, solitary or few together, overtopped by involucrate leaves. Ligule ¼-½ in. long.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Darfur Prov. (Kulme); Mongalla Prov. (Gondokoro).

554 =Wedelia abyssinica= _Vatke._

Undershrub, 3 ft. high. Leaves opp., ovate or oblong-lanceolate, scabrous, 3-nerved, 1½-3 in. long. Capit. heterog., 1-3 at ends of branches; fem. fl. ligulate, orange; hermaphr. yellow.

Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post).

555 =Melanthera abyssinica= _Benth._ & _Hook. f._

Scabrid branched herb, 2 ft. high. Leaves opp., ovate-lanceolate, serrate, amplexicaul, 1½-4 in. Capit. heterog., yellow in corymbose cymes; ray fl. neuter; ligule 2-3-fid; disk fl. tubular, hermaphr.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat).

=M. pungens= _O._ & _H._

Scabrid herb, 4 ft. high. Leaves opp., ovate, upper lanceolate, acuminate, shallow-dentate, up to 6 in. long. Capit. as above.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).

=M. Brownei= _Schultz Bip._

Scabrid semi-woody herb, 2-10 ft. high. Leaves opp., deltoid-ovate, sometimes 3-lobed acuminate, dentate, 2-6 in. long. Capit. heterog. yellow, in lax terminal cymes; ray fl. female, ligulate, disk fl. hermaphr.

Bahr El Jebel (Sudd); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).

556 =Verbesina (Ximenesia) enceloides= _Cav._

Hoary annual, 1-3 ft. high. Leaves mostly alt., deltoid to oblong, dentate, 1-6 in. long; petiole ½-2 in., winged auriculate. Capit. heterog., yellow, on peduncles, up to 8 in. long, forming a loose cyme. Ray fl. fem., ligule deeply toothed.

Khartoum, Blue Nile & Kordofan Provinces.

557 =Spilanthes Acmella= _Linn._

Annual up to 1 ft. high. Leaves opp., ovate, up to 2 in. long. Capit. usually heterog., usually yellow, solitary on long peduncles; ray flor. 1 seriate, usually present, ligule small or 0.

Fung Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River).

The whole plant, especially the flower-heads, is very acid and has a hot, burning taste. It is used for toothache and is considered by natives a powerful stimulant.

558 =Guizotia Schultzii= _Hochst._

Scabrous herb, 2-4 ft. Leaves opp., narrow-elliptic, serrate, cordate, amplexicaul, often connate, 1-8 in. long. Capit. heterog., yellow, in corymbose cymes, pedicels up to 5 in.; fem. fl. 1-seriate; hermaphr. fl. glandular-hairy.

Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra 6,500-9,300 feet); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas, Niamniam-land).

=G. Schimperi= _Sch. Bip._

Pubescent herb, 2-3 ft. high. Leaves opp., elliptic-ovate denticulate, cordate-amplexicaul, ½-4 in. long. Capit. much as above, but cor. of hermaphr. fl. subglabrous.

Darfur Prov. (Zalingei).

559 =Coreopsis linearifolia= _O._ & _H._

Nearly glabrous herb, 4-5 ft. high. Leaves opp., linear, denticulate scabrous, 2-6 in. long. Capit. heterog., yellow, on peduncles 1-4 in., in a lax corymbose cyme. Ray fl. ligulate, fem. or neuter.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land: Steppes near Agada).

=C. chrysantha= _Vatke._

Pallid herb, 2-4 ft. high. Leaves tripartite; lobes lanceolate or linear, acutely narrowed at both ends, deeply serrate, scabrid above, hispid below, ¾-3½ in. by ⅛-1 in.; petioles up to 1¼ in.; sometimes leaves not lobed, ovate or narrow elliptical. Capit. heterog. on hispid peduncles in a lax, corymbose cyme, yellow.

Nubia.

=C. abyssinica= _Schultz Bip._

Erect herb, ab. 3 ft. high, scabrid-pubescent above. Leaves opp., pinnatisect, 1½-4½ in. long, segments 3-4 pairs, toothed or subpinnatipartite. Capit. yellow, heterog., ½ in. diam., on pedicels up to 4 in., in lax corymbose cymes.

Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post).

=C. guineensis= _O._ & _H._

Nearly glabrous annual, ab. 2 ft. high. Leaves opp., tripartite bilobed or undivided, divisions of the leaf linear 1-7 in. long. Capit. heterog., yellow, ½-¾ in. long, on peduncles 2-7 in., in a lax cyme, or solitary, terminal.

Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. (Kulme).

560 =Bidens pilosa= _Linn._

Annual, up to 5 ft. high. Leaves opp., ovate, mostly pinnately-lobed, blade 1-5 in.; petiole 2½ in. Capit. heterog., tipped with 2-4 barbed, spinose bristles, in a lax corymbose cyme; ray fl. white, ligulate, fem. or neuter; disk fl. yellow, hermaphr. Fr. an achene, ab. ½ in. long.

Red Sea Prov. (Soturba, Coast); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Kordofan Prov. (Katul Gambara); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas & Bongo-land, Gurfala); Darfur Prov. (Kulme & J. Marra).

=B. bipinnata= _Schultz Bip._

Very similar to above, but leaves mostly bipinnately lobed. Achenes with 3-4 spinose barbed bristles.

White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.; Red Sea Prov.

=B. Schimperi= _Schultz Bip._

Subscabrous herb, up to several feet high. Leaves opp., 2-3 pinnatisect or more or less 3-fid, 3-6 in. long, with scattered black dots. Capit. heterog., yellow, in lax corymbose cymes. Ray fl. fem. or neuter; ligule ½ in. long. Achenes with 2, sometimes 3 setæ.

Red Sea Prov. (Suakin to Khor Tamanib).

561 =Chrysanthellum procumbens= _Pers._

Glabrous procumbent or erect herb, up to 1 ft. high. Leaves alt., multifid, up to 1½ in. long; petiole subamplexicaul 1½ in. long. Capit. heterog., cymose; ray florets fem. ligulate, small.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf, southwards); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land); Mongalla Prov.

562 =Cotula anthemoides= _Linn._

Low, hairy, much branched annual. Leaves alt., deeply subbipinnatifid, ⅓-¾ in. long. Capit. heterog., yellow, discoid, solitary terminal; outer fl. fem., minute, in several rows.

Berber Prov. (Nile Cataract; near J. Gerri); Khartoum Prov.

=C. cinerea= _Del._ SHIA (Port Sudan)—Arab.

Pale green, villose herb, 1-6 in. high. Leaves alt., pinnatifid, obovate or spathulate in outline, ¼-¾ in. long. Capit. yellow, heterog., terminal; fem. fl. few minute or more usually wanting.

Red Sea Prov. (Port Sudan); Kordofan Prov.

=C. Kotschyi= _Benth._ & _Hook. f._ HARR (Khartoum)—Arab.

Hoary prostrate herb, up to 12 in. high. Leaves alt., obovate- pinnatipartite, ¼-¾ in. long. Capit. heterog., yellow, terminal; fem. fl. few, minute.

Berber Prov. (Shendi); Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; White Nile Prov. (Geteina); Darfur Prov.

=C. abyssinica= _Schultz Bip._

Pilose annual, up to 1 ft. high. Leaves alt., bipinnatipartite, up to 1¼ in. incl. the petiole, which is as long as the blade and half clasping. Capit. heterog., yellow, on 6 in. long peduncles; fem. fl. in 1 row, minute.

Upper White Nile.

563 =Gynura cernua= _Benth._

Puberulous annual, 2-3 ft. high. Leaves alt., upper ones auriculate- amplexicaul, ovate or laciniate-lyrate, irregularly dentate or lobed, lower ones petiolate. Capit. purple, homog., solitary, terminal, on 6-12 peduncles; invol. bracts 1-seriate; fl. all tubular, some of the outer with imperfect anthers.

Blue Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-Ghattas & Niamniam-land).

=G. vitellina= _Benth._

Shining herb, 2-6 ft. high. Leaves alt., ovate or lanceolate, irregularly dentate, 1-4 in. long, auricled at base of petiole. Cap. yellow, homog., solitary, terminal on peduncles 4-12 in. long, bearing 2-3 bracts; invol. bracts 1-seriate; fl. all tubular, hermaphr. excepting some outer ones with imperfect anthers.

Darfur Prov. (J. Marra 3,500 to 9,300 ft.); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).

=G. crepidioides= _Benth._

Annual 2-3 ft. high. Leaves alt., lyrate-pinnatifid, dentate, 1-10 in. long. Capit. homog. yellow or with purple tips, in dense or lax corymbose cymes; invol. bracts 1-seriate; fl. as above.

Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal (Niamniam-land).

=G. amplexicaulis= _O._ & _H._

Herb 2½-3 ft. high. Leaves alt., obovate-oblong, dentate, amplexicaul, 4-5 in. long. Capit. reddish-orange, homog., 3-4 together in a long- peduncled cyme; invol. bracts 1-seriate; fl. as above.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Khor of Bodumo).

564 =Emilia sagittata= _DC._

Annual, ¼-4 ft. high, glaucescent. Leaves alt., sagittate-amplexicaul, oval-ovate or oblong, 1-4 in. long. Capit. homog., orange, cymose or subsolitary on 2½ in. long pedicels; invol. bracts 1-seriate; florets hermaphr.

Fung. Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov.; Darfur Prov. (J. Marra: Wadi Gindi, 7,500 ft.); Upper White Nile Prov.

565 =Notonia Schweinfurthii= _O._ & _H._

Glabrous, fleshy perennial, 1 ft. high. Leaves narrow-elliptic, sessile, 1-2 in. long. Capit. homog., purple, solitary, many-flowered, on 6-8 in. long bracteate peduncles; invol. bracts 1-seriate.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dar Fertit: Pongo River).

566 =Senecio arabicus= _Linn._

Annual, ab. 1 ft. high. Leaves alt., pinnatifid or partite, oval in outline 1-3½ in. long, upper amplexicaul, auriculate. Capit. homog., in broad corymbose cymes; invol. bracts 1-seriate.

Nubia (Islands of the Nile); Kordofan Prov.

=S. abyssinicus= _Schultz Bip._

Herb, 3-16 in. high. Leaves alt., spathulate, ½-2½ in. long, somewhat hairy. Capit. heterog., yellow, 4-12 together, cymose; invol. bracts 1-ser.; fem. fl. ligulate.

Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).

=S. discifolius= _Oliv._

Annual, 12-15 in. high. Leaves alt., orbicular, ¾-2 in. diam. (upper ones obovate spathulate), suddenly narrowed into a winged petiole. Capit. heterog., orange, 1-3 on 3-7 in. long peduncles, terminal; invol. bracts 1-ser.; fem. fl. ligulate.

Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.); Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land).

=S. picridifolius= _DC._

Perennial 1-2 ft. high. Leaves alt., oval-oblong or ovate, auriculate, toothed, puberulous, 1½-4½ in. long. Capit. homog., 1 or few together, on 3-6 in. long peduncles; invol. bracts 1-seriate.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Papyrus Swamp, Meshra El Rek).

=S. tuberosus= _Schultz Bip._

Glabrous herb 7-18 in. high, with white, fleshy tuberous root 1-3 in. diam. Leaves alt., elliptic to ovate, coarsely toothed or 3-lobed, 4-8 in. long including petiole. Capit. homog., yellow, 5-flowered, in a dense subumbelliform cyme. Invol. bracts-seriate.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Khor Koki, Matamma).

Root edible.

=S. Schweinfurthii= _O. Hoffm._

Herb. Leaves crowded, linear-oblanceolate, serrate, 4 in. long, shortly pubescent. Heads few, discoid. Bracts ⅓ in. long, viscid. Pappus longer than corolla, white.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jurland).

=S.? emilioides= _Schultz._

Glabrous annual, branched from the base. Capit. discoid; invol. bracts 1-seriate.

Fung Prov.

567 =Tripteris Vaillantii= _Decaisne._

Scabrous herb, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves alt., linear to narrow-elliptic, dentate to subpinnatifid, 1-4½ in. long, semi-amplexicaul. Capit. heterog., yellow-purplish, in a lax corymb on 1-7 in. long pedicels; invol. bracts sub 1-ser.; fem. fl. ligulate; disk fl. tubular, sterile.

Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit, 21° N.L. sea level to 3-4,000 ft., Has Has).

=T. Lordii= _O._ & _H._

Scabrid decumbent or ascending herb, 4-6 in. high. Lower leaves opp., upper alt., oval or narrow-elliptic repand-denticulate, 1½-2½ in. long. Capit. heterog., yellow, solitary or few in a lax cyme; ligule of fem. fl. ⅙ in. long, linear.

Red Sea Prov. (near Erkowit & Khor Tamanib).

_C. More or less spinescent herbs, sometimes thistle-like. Capitula either heterogamous (outer florets usually neuter, ligulate or dilated tubular) or homogamous, hermaphrodite and tubular. Leaves alternate._

568 =Berkheya Spekeana= _Oliv._

Tall, erect, prickly herb. Leaves alt., linear-oblong, semiamplexicaul, remotely toothed, apiculate at tip, spinose-hispid above, white- tomentose beneath, 1-6 in. long. Capit. heterog., yellow, 1 in. diam. excl. ray, solitary or few together; invol. bracts many, spinous acuminate; ray fl. 1-ser., ligulate, neuter; ligule ab. 1 in. long.

Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Jebel (Madi); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).

569 =Echinops longifolius= _A. Rich._

Erect, thistle-like herbs, ab. 2 ft. high. Leaves linear, amplexicaul- auriculate, intensely spinose white tomentose beneath, 6-12 in. long. Capit. 1-flowered collected into a dense globose head; cor. purple; inner invol. bracts 20-25 lanceolate or spathulate, serrate aculeate.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Bahr El Jebel (Madi); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).

=E. amplexicaulis= _Oliv._

Erect thistle-like, 4 ft. or more; stems cottony. Leaves pinnately- lobed, ovate or elliptical, white-tomentose beneath, 3-9 in. long, spinose-dentate and tipped. Capit. 1-flowered in a dense globose cluster 3-4 in. diam.; fl. pink; inner invol. bracts 20-25, ciliate-spinulose, linear-lanceolate or subulate, the innermost connate half-way.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land, Sabbi).

=E. macrochætus= _Fresen._ KWANAB—Hadendowa.

Erect, 3-5 ft. high. Leaves semi-amplexicaul, oblanceolate or elliptical, up to over 8 in. long, more or less deeply pinnately lobed, spiny, white-tomentose beneath. Capitula not very numerous in clusters, 1½ in. diam.; inner invol. bracts spathulate, apiculate, ab. 18 in number, innermost connate into a tube more than half-way up.

Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Ghulfan); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra 8-10,000 ft.).

=E. spinosus= _Linn._