Part 5
Leaves shortly peltate and deeply cordate at the base, coarsely toothed and nervose below, shortly pubescent; flowers yellowish; stamens not produced into an appendage beyond the anther cells.
White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land, Addai, Mittu-land, Niamniam-land, Kero, Lake No).
The powdered root is used for piles, dysentery, and dyspepsia; the seeds are used in skin diseases, leprosy, etc.
=MENISPERMACEÆ.=
16 =Tinospora Bakis= _Miers._ ERG EL HAGGAR (N. Kordn.)—Arab.
Woody climber with thick fleshy bark. Leaves cordate, entire, glabrous. Racemes axillary or at end of lateral shoots. Flowers small diœcious, solitary or fascicled in the axils of minute bracts.
Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Kordofan Prov. (Wadi El Ain, J. Kōn, J. Tellele, Daragaza).
17 =Desmonema mucronulatum= _Eng._
Climber. Leaves rhomboid sub-cordate.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: J. Baginze).
18 =Chasmanthera dependens= _Hochst._
Climber. Leaves rotundate ovate, more or less lobed; inflor. in pendent racemes.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dinka-land: Lau, Jur-land: Wau, & Kutshuk Ali).
19 =Cocculus Leæba= _DC._ ZEGAI or ZEGAIN (Kordn.)—Arab.
Woody climber with red berries. Leaves alternate, oblong, ½ to 1 in. long. Flowers green, diœcious, small. Male flowers in axillary panicles; sepals, petals and stamens 6 respectively. Female flower solitary or in pairs on axillary peduncles; style 3-armed.
Red Sea Prov. (Port Sudan to Soturba); Berber Prov. (Atbara); Blue Nile Prov. (Abu Haraz); Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Nuba Mts. Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov.
Used in native medicine in various parts of the world for intermittent fevers. It contains two alkaloids and is similar to the official Pareira Brava in properties.
=C. Holopeira-torrida= _Miers._ GUMALI (Fung)—Arab; LELINGA—Bari.
Pubescent, woody climber. Leaves sometimes very variable, from hastate- lanceolate to deltoid rotundate, or hastately 3-7 lobed. Male flowers fascicled, sessile or nearly so. Female flowers fascicled or solitary, subsessile.
Blue Nile Prov.; Fung Prov.; Mongalla Prov. (Bahr El Jebel: Bor Mission, Malik).
In Dar-Fung the pounded stem is given with Durra to donkeys for cough.
20 =Cissampelos Pareira= _Linn._ DERE—Golo.
Climber with reniform-cordate leaves. Flowers diœcious. Male flowers in axillary, usually branched racemes, tetramerous; petals connate into a 4-lobed cup; stamens monadelphous. Female flowers in long, usually simple racemes, with numerous broad foliaceous bracts.
Fung, & Bahr El Ghazal Provinces.
The Golo women wear the plant round their necks to bring luck. In India it is used as a mild tonic and diuretic.
=C. mucronata= _A. Rich._
Climber with broadly ovate leaves widely cordate at the base and a little peltate, laxly pubescent below. Male flowers in rather short cymes.
Fung Prov. (Fazoghli & Jongol’s Post).
=C. rigidifolia= _Eng._
Climber with very broadly ovate peltate leaves about 3 in. long, softly tomentose below; male flowers in long slender racemes of umbels.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Ibba River, near Nganye, Nabambisso River in Niamniam-land).
21 =Stephania abyssinica= _Rich._
Wiry climber with small broadly ovate leaves peltate and rounded at the base, glaucous and strongly reticulate, glabrous; flowers small in axillary cymes.
Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).
=ARISTOLOCHIACEÆ.=
22 =Aristolochia bracteata= _Retz._ ABU- and UM-GALAGEL (or ABJALAJEL), ERG EL AKRAB (or AGRAB), UM GEREISAT—Arab; LEJIR (Meshra El Zeraf)—Dinka; KĀWKAWL (J. Eliri)—Nuba.
Trailing, glaucous herb, glabrous except inside the perianth. Leaves alt., ovate-subcordate, ¾ in.-2 in. long, crenulate-undulate. Flowers solitary, axillary; bracts cordate, about ½ in. long; per. tube green, yellow inside, with short reflexed hair, dilated and globose at base, tubular above, about ½ in. long; limb maroon-coloured, unilateral, ligulate, 1 in. long; st. 6; styles 6. Caps. subglobose, about ½ in. diam.
Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Sinkat, J. Waratab); Kassala Prov. (Goz Regeb); Khartoum Prov.; White Nile Prov. (Wad Shallai, Salati, J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov. (Taiara to J. Eliri); Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas); Bahr El Jebel.
The whole plant is very bitter and is said to have anthelmentic and purgative properties. A portion made of pounded roots and water is used to calm abdominal pains. The leaves and roots are also used as a cure for boils and guinea-worm. It is believed to be an antidote to snake- poison and scorpion bites; the Sudanese wear the plant as a charm to avert scorpion stings, and also rub the charred roots on the site of the sting.
=A. bongoensis= _Engl._
Glaucous twining herb. Leaves cordate, obtuse about 1½ in. long and wide; basal nerves about 8; pet. 1 in. long. Infl. elongated; bracts cordate-ovate, amplexicaul. Flowers not known. Caps. obovoid, about 2 in. long.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: near Sabbi).
23 =Pararistolochia triactina= _Hutch._ & _J. M. Dalz._
_Aristolochia triactina_ Hook. f.
Woody climber; stem smooth, shining. Leaves deeply cordate, entire to 3- or obscurely 5-lobed, ¾ in. long and wide; pet. 1-4 in. long. Flowers in short axillary racemes; per.: lower part obliquely ovoid, 1½ in. long, tube curved, 2 in. long, ½ in. diam., ciliate at throat, lobes 3, sub- equal, patent, triangular-caudate, 2 in. long, anthers and stigmas 10. Fruit about 1 ft. long and 1½ in. diam.
Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).
=HYDNORACEÆ.=
24 =Hydnora sp.= TARTŪS—Arab.
Parasitic, fungus-like plant with a fleshy, warted, subterranean rhizome. Flowers large evil-smelling.
Kassala, Blue Nile & Fung Provinces.
Parasitic on roots of Acacia sp. The rhizomes contain a large percentage of tannin and are used medicinally as an astringent in dysentery and also for tanning skins.
=PIPERACEÆ.=
25 =Piper umbellatum= _Linn._
Erect shrub, 4-5 ft. high; branches jointed at the nodes. Leaves reniform, 3-12 in. across, cuspidate, deeply cordate, basal nerves 11-13; pet. sheathing at base. Umbels of 2-7 spikes on short axillary peduncles. Flowers minute 2-sexual; per. 0; stamens about 3; stigmas 3; fr. trigonous; bracts suborbicular, ciliate.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: near Nakofo River).
=P. guineense= _Schum._ & _Thonn._
Stout woody creeper, climbing by means of densely hairy adventitious rootlets. Leaves ovate, acuminate, cordate to cuneate, 4-5 in. long, glabrous except under the nerves; petals up to ¾ in. Spikes solitary, leaf-opposed, in fruit up to 4 in. long; bracts rotundate, peltate; per. 0; stigmas 3. Fr. globose, mucronate, about ⅙ in. diam.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dar Fertit: Deim Guju, Niamniam-land: Rivers Boddo, Atasilli & Kalensho).
=P. capense= _Linn. f._ ADURAKA—Zande.
Erect or climbing shrub; branches swollen at the nodes. Leaves ovate, shortly acuminate, about 4 in. long, base cordate or rounded, pellucid- dotted, 5-7 nerved, villous beneath on nerves; petals about 1 in. long. Catkins at end of short lateral branches appearing to spring from middle of petiole, about 2 in. long; peduncles about ¾ in. long; bracts peltate; per. 0; stamens 2-3, anther-cells with wide connective stigmas 2, recurved. Fr. obtuse, compressed, sessile.
Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).
26 =Peperomia knoblecheriana= _Schott._
Succulent glabrous annual, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves, except 2 lowest, alternate, rotundate-ovate, ⅛ in. long, subcordate. Spikes solitary and terminal, lax, ¼ in. long; flowers 8-12; per. 0; stamens 2. Berry subglobose, minute, blackish.
Banks of the Bahr El Jebel (5°-7° Lat. N.).
=PAPAVERACEÆ.=
27 =Argemone mexicana= _Linn._
Herb; leaves prickly; flowers yellow. Capsule with 4-7 placentas, dehiscing at apex into short valves.
Red Sea Prov.; Khartoum Prov.
Introduced.
The seeds are acrid and possess emetic and cathartic properties, they are poisonous in large doses. They yield an oil which has been suggested for use in soap-making and as an illuminant, and which has been classed as a drying oil.
=FUMARIACEÆ.=
28 =Fumaria officinalis= _Linn._
Pale, weak annual, with white, rose or purple flowers. Leaves much divided.
White Nile Prov. (probably introduced).
=TURNERACEÆ.=
29 =Wormskioldia lobata= _Urban._
Herb, 18 in.; stems not bristly. Flowers dilute yellow. Petals clawed. Stamens 5, unequal. Capsule linear, almost moniliform. Seeds pitted.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. (Bahr El Jebel).
=W. pilosa= _Schwfth._—_W. heterophylla_ Sch. & Thonn.
Stout herb; stems with numerous purplish bristles. Leaves alternate, 4-5 in. long, lanceolate, toothed or pinnately lobed. Peduncles axillary, about 5-flowered. Flowers yellow. Petals clawed. Stamens 5, unequal. Capsule moniliform.
Darfur Prov. (Kulme); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).
=CAPPARIDACEÆ.=
30 =Cleome chrysantha= _Dec._ SAFEIRA, ASIN (Dongola)—Arab.
Herb, up to 18 in. high. Leaves simple, oblong to rotundate-ovate. Flowers in axils of upper leaves; stamens 10-14. Capsule oval-oblong, about ¼ in. long.
Red Sea Prov. (21° N. Lat., from sea level to 4,000 ft.); Halfa Prov.; Dongola Prov.; Berber Prov. (Berber Desert & Wadi Aros).
=C. scaposa= _DC._
Hispid herb; flowers small. Leaves simple ovate to orbicular or cordate. Stamens 6. Capsule linear, up to 1½ in. long. Seeds minutely pitted.
Nubia (between Suakin & Berber at Wadi Omarig); Red Sea Prov. (sea coast 22° Lat. N., J. Waratab); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land); Khartoum Prov. (J. Royan).
=C. monophylla= _Linn._ LISAN EL TEIR (Meshra El Zeraf—Arab; AKIA (Meshra El Zeraf)—Dinka.
Erect herb, up to 2 ft. high. Flowers deep violet; pod on short gynophore, linear, cylindrical, straight. Leaves simple, lanceolate. Stamens 6.
Kordofan Prov. (Abu Haraza and J. Kurbaj); Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf); Mongalla Prov. (Sheikh Tombé); Darfur Prov. (Kulme); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post).
=C. arabica= _Linn._
Erect scabrous herb; leaves 3-foliolate. Racemes leafy; stamens 5-6. Capsule linear-oval, pendulous.
Nubia; Red Sea Prov.; throughout Libya and the Sudan.
=C. tenella= _Linn. f._
Glabrous herb, 1-2 ft. high; leaves 3-fol., leaflets filiform. Stamens 6.
Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Kordofan Prov.
=C. brachycarpa= _Vahl._ ABULIKEITA (N. Kordn.)—Arab; BERBA’A (Port Sudan), & BERBERAN—Hadendowa.
Low herb, 4-8 in. high; leaves 1-5 fol. Stamens 6 (one sometimes imperfect). Capsule elliptical, about ¼ in. long.
Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (21° N. Lat.: at Ras Renai, near Saltpans); Kordofan Prov. (at Helba & Hadfia).
=C. viscosa= _Linn._ RIHAN (Meshra El Zeraf), KOWAL (Blue Nile)—Arab.
Glandular pubescent herb, 1-2 ft. high; leaves 3-5 fol. Flowers yellow. Pod without gynophore, linear, cylindrical.
Red Sea Prov.; Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf); Darfur Prov. (Barkin)
The seeds are used for removing impurities from the eyes. (Similar to No. 37 below.)
=C. polyanthera= _Schwfth._ & _Gilg._
A slender branched herb with digitate leaves and 3 linear leaflets. Flowers pink or white in lax racemes on very slender pedicels. Fruits linear, stipitate, 2 in. long.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land, Jur-land: Gir and between Agada & Kutshuk Ali).
=C. niamniamensis= _Schwfth._ & _Gilg._
Similar to above but dwarfer. Flowers subsolitary and fruits only ½ in. long.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Gumango Hills on gneiss).
=C. paradoxa= _R. Br._ NA’ANAA & MUFRAK EL ROWAIR (N. Kordn.)—Arab.
Erect shrubby plant, 2-3 ft. high; leaves 3-6 fol.; corolla bright yellow or rose. Capsule linear, 4 in. long.
Red Sea Prov. (Sinkat & 21° N. Lat.); Kassala Prov. (J. Erimbat, Goz Regeb); Between Suakin & Berber; Kordofan Prov.
=C. diandra= _Burch._
Glabrous or thin-glandular herb; leaves 3, 5 or 7 fol.; leaflets narrow. Perfect stamens 2. Capsule narrow linear, 2-3 in. long.
Kordofan & Darfur Provinces.
=C. Hanburyana= _Penzig._
A rank herb; stems covered with gland-tipped hairs; leaflets 5, glabrescent, gradually changing into bracts: flowers pink, racemose- corymbose. Fruits 3½ in. long, glandular-puberulous.
Red Sea Prov. (21° N. Lat., sea level to 3-4,000 ft.).
=C. cf. C. Hanburyana= _Penzig._
Similar to above but much more pubescent.
Red Sea Prov. (21° N. Lat., sea level to 3-4,000 ft.).
31 =Gynandropsis gynandra= _(L.) Briq._ TAMALEIKA—Arab; AKAKI—Dinka; KURE—Zande.
Erect herb; leaves 5-fol.; flowers white or purplish; stamens long, inserted on the gynophore. Pod linear, slightly curved, 2-3 in. long.
Berber, Bahr el Ghazal, Khartoum, Kassala, Red Sea, Blue Nile, Fung, White Nile, Kordofan, Darfur & Mongalla Provinces.
The seeds are anthelmintic, and together with the leaves, are used in native medicine. The plant is also eaten as a vegetable.
32 =Dipterygium glaucum= _Dec._ SAFEIRA—Arab; WAKERIS-HAQ—Hadendowa; ZEIBUG—Rashida.
Shrubby herb. Leaves small, oblong or ovate; capsule elliptical, with a membranous wing, 1-seeded, strongly reticulate.
Nubia; Berber Prov.; Between Suakin & Berber; Kassala Prov.
A camel fodder plant.
33 =Cratæva Adansonii= _DC._ DABKAR & UM BUKHEISA—Arab; KLIEH (J. Eliri) & BURURU (Kadugli)—Nuba; TIFTA—Bari; BIUT (Renk), KAI (Kaka), KAT, KAIT, KIT or KOG (Mongalla)—Dinka; ABUDEH—Shilluk; AGAILI—Hameg; KÄICH—Nuer.
Small to large tree. Leaves 3-fol.; flowers white, scented, with long purple stamens. Fruit a globose berry, about 2 in. in diameter, on thickened gynophore.
Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov. (Birket Kolli); Upper White Nile Prov. (Kodok); Bahr El Arab; Generally distributed south of Lat. 14° N.
The fruit is edible; the bark and the leaves are used medicinally. The tree occasionally attains a large size, e.g., Jonglay, Atem River. The wood is moderately hard, even grained, but not very durable. The medullary rays are thin and very numerous, the pores being uniform, rather small, arranged in short lines and curves.
34 =Capparis spinosa= _Linn._ LASSAF—Arab.
Trailing shrub. Leaves coriaceous, rotundate; stipular spines recurved or nearly straight. Flowers 1-3 in. across, axillary, solitary or in loose lateral racemes, white. Frui. oval, oblong, on a strong gynophore.
Kordofan Prov.
The buds furnish the edible capers of commerce.
=C. galeata= _Fres._ LASAF—Arab.
Spinose trailing shrub. Leaves ovate to rotundate with curved mucro. Flowers large axillary, solitary. Fruit clavate-pyriform 3-4 in. long on a stalk up to 2 in. long.
Nubia: Red Sea Prov. (J. Hotarber, 22° N. Lat. & 21° N. Lat., and near Sinkat, from sea level to 4,000 ft.).
=C. tomentosa= _Lam._ HEKKABIT, MURDU, SHAROBA, or GULUM—Arab; KUBDI (Dilling)—Nuba; LULUMEH—Bari; BAN or ABBAN, BORID (Kaka & Kenissa)—Dinka; BUT—Shilluk; UNGONO—Jur; MANGAMANGA—Golo.
Scandent prickly shrub with velvety elliptical leaves. Flowers white with indefinite pink stamens, solitary and axillary or in terminal racemes or corymbs.
Widely distributed south of Lat. 15° N. and in the Red Sea Prov.
The shrub is stated to be poisonous to camels.
=C. persicifolia= _A. Rich._
Scandent prickly shrub; prickles paired on each side of the petiole. Leaves oblong-elliptic, about 2 in. long, obtuse, nearly glabrous; pedicels 1 in. long. Fruit ellipsoid, 1 in. long, stipitate.
Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: near the Gash River); Berber Prov. (Atbara, left bank); Blue Nile Prov.; Fung Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land: by the River Rohl, & Niamniam-land: by the River Ibba).
=C. micrantha= _A. Rich._
Prickly, straggling shrub. Flowers small, white, sub-corymbose. Leaves oblong-lanceolate.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Meshra El Rek, Shambé); Mongalla Prov. (at 4° 54″ N. Lat.).
=C. corymbosa= _Lam._
Prickly, scrambling shrub. Leaves ovate or elliptical. Flowers in lateral or terminal corymbs or fascicles.
Fung Prov. (Saoleil, etc.); White Nile Prov. (El Dueim); Darfur Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Nuba Mts. Prov. (Dilling).
=C. djurica= _Gilg_ & _Ben._
Shrub with densely pilose branches. Leaves ovate or ovate-oblong, about 1¼ in. long and about ½ in. broad, emarginate. Flowers in rather dense racemes. Sepals glabrous.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).
=C. jodotricha= _Gilg_ & _Ben._
Climbing shrub; young branches tomentose; spines large, recurved. Leaves ovate, 2 in. long, 1¼ in. broad, at first densely pilose, at length glabrous. Flowers in fascicles, crowded. Sepals tomentose outside.
Upper White Nile Prov. (Kodok).
=C. Rothii= _Oliv._ MURDU (Baggara), & SH’AIBEIT (Fung)—Arab; MUARTA (Dilling)—Nuba; RIADI—Bari; RIAT (Bor)—Dinka.
Thorny climber or small tree. Leaves elliptic-oblong, often emarginate. Flowers white, in axillary fascicles, up to 6 flowers. Fruit globose, somewhat pointed, about 1 in. across, turning red when ripe.
Upper White Nile Prov. (Kodok, Renk, Melut); Mongalla Prov.
=C. erythrocarpa= _Isert._
Thorny climber. Fruit scarlet, hexagonal, about size of a walnut. Leaves elliptical, obtuse. Flowers axillary, solitary, 2 in. across.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land: Kuddu, Bongo-land: Baiko).
=C. aphylla= _Roth._
=C. decidua= _Pax._ TUNDUB—Arab; SAROP—Hadendowa; KAMRE (J. Daier), & SHIMEIL (Dilling)—Nuba; NANGOT—Shilluk.
Shrub or small tree, spiny and generally leafless. Flowers pink; fruit size of a small cherry.
Widely distributed north of Lat. 13° N., also occurs in Bahr El Ghazal Prov.
The fruit (Arabic, HUNBUG) is edible, the plant is considered useful for boils, eruptions, swelling and affections of the joints.
35 =Boscia octandra= _Hochst._ MOKHEIT & UMKHEIT (Darfur)—Arab; FOG (Renk)—Dinka; ATOKA—Golo; DEB (Ghabat El Arab)—Nuer; ARAY—Jur.
Shrub or small tree. Leaves more or less oval, thick and dark coloured; flowers sub-umbellate or racemose, sweet scented. Fruit globose under ½ in. diameter. Stamens 8-20. Widely distributed south of Lat. 16° N.
The fruit, called KURSAN by Arabs, is edible; an emulsion of the leaves is used as an eyewash.
=B. angustifolia= _A. Rich._ TIRLING (J. Daier)—Nuba.
Tree or shrub. Flowers greenish, fragrant. Leaves coriaceous, narrow, lanceolate, oblong or obovate. Fruit globose, under ½ in. diameter. Stamens 6-9.
Kordofan Prov.; Whole Sudan through Kordofan.
=B. firma= _Rad._
Woody shrub with crowded fasciculate, narrowly oblong elliptic leaves, 1½ in. long, ½ in. broad, very strongly reticulate below. Racemes very short. Fruits sub-globose, very small.
Fung & Kordofan Provinces.
=B. salicifolia= _Oliv._ SAHAI (Kordn.), TILEITILLA (N. Kordn.), KARAUERAU (Baggara), & SESIFAN (Fung)—Arab; KOLWAKAI (J. Eliri)—Nuba.
Shrub or a straight, graceful tree. Leaves elongate-linear or lanceolate, 2-5 in. long. Flowers in axillary racemes; stamens 6-14. Fruit ellipsoid-globose, ¾ in. long, shortly stipitate.
Fung, White Nile, Kordofan, Darfur & Bahr El Ghazal Provinces.
36 =Courbonia virgata= _A. Brongn._ KARKADAN (Mongalla), KURDAN (Baggara)—Arab; DAYA—Bari; ABRO—Golo.
Glabrous, glaucous shrub or undershrub, with leafy, virgate branches; flowers axillary, solitary; petals 0. Leaves glaucous, elliptical to ovate. Fruit globose, about 1 in. diameter.
Red Sea Prov.; Berber Prov.; Blue Nile, Fung, White Nile, Kordofan & Bahr El Ghazal Provinces.
The ashes of leaves and stem are used as a substitute for salt. Fruit edible.
=C. decumbens= _A. Brongn._
Bush. Leaves glaucous, ovate, faintly 3-nerved, 1¼ in. long, mucronate. Flowers axillary, solitary. Fruit sub-globose, 1¼ in. long, beaked.
Bahr El Jebel (Madi Plains).
37 =Cadaba glandulosa= _Forsk._ IRKIS (White Nile), KURMUT SOGHEIR—Arab.
Undershrub. Leaves small, round, closely packed on the branches. Racemes terminal, few-flowered. Petals none; petaloid appendix ligulate. Stamens 5. Fruit oblong, ½ in. long, on a gynophore.
Red Sea Prov.; Khartoum Prov.; White Nile Prov. (Jebelein); Kordofan & Darfur Provinces.
=C. rotundifolia= _Forsk._ KURMUT, or rarely ADDIMIR (Blue Nile)—Arab; YAM—Hadendowa; KOG (Renk)—Dinka.
Shrub. Leaves orbicular. Flowers in terminal racemes. Sepals 2; petals, 2 green and a yellow tubular nectary; stamens 5; ovary 1-celled.
Red Sea Prov.; Berber Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Upper White Nile Prov.
The plant is said to be a powerful purgative.
=C. farinosa= _Forsk._ SURREIH or SURRAYA (Fung)—Arab; NIADA—Bari; BUT (Renk), & ANEIT or NEIT (Mongalla Prov.)—Dinka.
Undershrub or scrambling climber. Fruit slightly torulose; seeds covered by bright orange inner membrane of capsule. Leaves oval-oblong, apiculate, mostly in fascicles. Flowers greenish; sepals 4; petals 4; stamens 5; ovary 1-celled.
Red Sea, Kassala, Berber, Khartoum, Blue Nile, Fung, White Nile, Upper White Nile & Darfur Provinces.
=C. longifolia= _DC._
Glabrous shrub, or extremities mealy. Leaves linear-oblong or lanceolate. Flowers in terminal corymbs; petals 4; appendix linear- lanceolate, as long as sepals; stamens 4.
Red Sea Coast; North of Kassala.
38 =Maerua jasminifolia= _Gilg_ & _Ben._ BUDU—Bari.
Shrub or small tree. Leaves 3-fol., fruit globose.
Mongalla Prov. (Sheikh Tombé).
=M. variifolia= _Gilg._ & _Ben._
Shrub; branchlets softly pubescent. Leaves elliptic, mucronate, 1½ in. long, slightly pubescent. Flowers sub-corymbose; pedicels ¾ in. long; petals small with crinkled margins. Fruits torulose, about 1 in. long.
Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Mongalla Prov.
=M. crassifolia= _Forsk._ SAREH, SARHA or SURRAKH (Berber), KOWOGE (Baggara)—Arab; KAMOP (Port Sudan)—Hadendowa; TUMBU (Kadugli)—Nuba.
Stiff tree or shrub with spinose branches. Leaves small, up to ¾ in. long, obovate to linear-oval. Flowers axillary, 1-3 together; petals 0; stamens indefinite. Fruit torulose.
Red Sea Prov. (from sea level to 4,000 ft.); Dongola Prov.; Berber Prov.; Khartoum Prov.; Kordofan Prov. (Bara & Abu Gamaiz); Darfur Prov.
=M. aethiopica= _Oliv._ BAK BELE—Golo.
Erect, virgate shrub. Leaves oblong to elliptical. Flowers corymbose; petals 4, rotundate; stamens indefinite. Fruit coriaceous, subglobose.
Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land, Kutshuk Ali, Jur Ghattas & Jur Aweit, Bongo-land, Gir).
=M. angolensis= _DC._ MARI (Khasa, Red Sea Prov.), RAU ER AU (Kordofan at Birket), SHAGAR EL ZERAF (Kordn.), & SHAGAR EL DUD (Fung)—Arab; DOGHING (J. Daier)—Nuba; SHALEIB (Erkowit)—Hadendowa; AFIAT (Renk)—Dinka; TIIT (Ghabat El Arab)—Nuer.
Small tree. Flowers white. Fruit moniliform. Leaves lanceolate to obovate.
Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit & Has Has); Kassala Prov.; Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov. (Jebelein & near Nyemati); Upper White Nile Prov. (Ghurab El Eish, near Melut, Um Songur, etc.); Kordofan (El Birkat); Darfur (Jebel Marra, Kallokitting 4,000 ft.).
Wood yellowish, heavy, hard and fine grained, but brittle; takes a good polish.
=M. dolichobotrya= _Gilg_ & _Ben._
Woody shrub, 3 ft. high. Leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, about 2 in. long, ⅓ in. broad, glabrous. Flowers in elongated leafy racemes. Petals shortly clawed, rather thick.
White Nile Prov.
=M. oblongifolia= _A. Rich._ ERG EL MEHABBA (White Nile), ASS’AIB (Atbara), SURREIH (Fung), ABU TAMARA (C. Kordn.), ALAG & SIRH (Khartoum)—Arab; KAFITO & NIETEH—Bari; BUN—Burun; ANEIT (Goz el Siada)—Dinka.
Straggling shrub. Leaves linear-oblong, calyx pale green, 4 sepals; petals 4, whitish green, stamens indefinite; gynophore white. Fruit about 1 in. long, very torulose or moniliform.
Red Sea Prov.; Between Suakin & Berber (J. Langeb); Berber Prov. (Atbara); Khartoum & White Nile Provinces; Most parts of the Sudan south of Khartoum.
Fruit edible.
=MORINGACEÆ.=
39 =Moringa aptera= _Gaertn._ MAI—Arab.
Moderate to small-sized tree with whip-like branches and scanty, minute leaves. Flowers pink. Fruit capsules ridged, about 1 ft. long; seeds not winged.
Red Sea Prov. (rare).
=M. pterygosperma= _Gaertn._
Small tree with corky bark. Leaves usually tripinnate. Flowers strongly scented; petals white with yellow dots at base. Pods up to 13 in. long, slender, 9-ribbed. Seeds winged.
Introduced from India. Khartoum Prov.; Kordofan Prov. (Bareis); Darfur Prov., etc.
The seeds yield the Ben Oil.
=CRUCIFERÆ.=
40 =Matthiola elliptica= _R. Br._
Herb with a white flower, like a small Stock. Leaves petiolate, elliptic, hoary; pod siliquose, rather thick.
Red Sea Prov. (Khor Ashat, and 21° N. from sea level to 3-4,000 ft.); White Nile Prov.
=M. sp.=
Hoary herb with subsessile, lanceolate toothed leaves, about 1 in. long; hairs stellate. Pods subsessile, very hairy.
Red Sea Prov. (Khor Tamanib).
41 =Nasturtium indicum= _Linn._ FIKKI (Darfur)—Arab.
Glabrous branching herb. Leaves sessile, lyrate-pinnatifid, auricled. Flowers yellow, small in lax racemes. Siliqua nearly ¾ in., cylindrical.
Dongola Prov. (Argo Island); Khartoum Prov.; Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov.
42 =Morettia Philæana= _DC._ TAGHAL (Atbara), SAGGAR—Arab.
Stiff, erect, hispid herb. Leaves linear-lanceolate to oblanceolate, hoary or hispid. Petals slightly longer than the very hairy sepals. Fruits strongly curved, ⅓ in. long.
Wadi Halfa; Berber Prov. (Atbara, Murat); Dongola Prov. (Omdi); Kordofan Prov. (Maties).
Good camel fodder.
=M. canescens= _Boiss._
A stiff herb covered with whitish stellate hairs. Leaves elliptic, subacute, petiolate. Fruits ribbed, slightly curved, ½ in. long, stellate-pubescent.
Near Wadi Halfa.
43 =Anastatica Hierochuntica= _Linn._
Woody herb. Fruit short, with a round auricle on each side of the apex.
Red Sea Prov. (21° N. Lat., from sea level to 4,000 ft.).
The common Rose of Jericho of the Mediterranean.
44 =Farsetia ægyptiaca= _Turr._ DAHAIAN (Atbara), GHARBA—Arab.
Shrubby; flowers white; siliquas small, oval. Leaves linear, hoary.
Nubia; Between Goz Regeb & Kassala; Red Sea Prov. (near Karora).
=F. longisiliqua= _Dec._ DAKHEYAN (N. Kordn.), & DAHAIAN (C. Kordn.)—Arab.
Hoary undershrub. Leaves narrow-linear. Flowers in spicate racemes, rather distant. Siliqua linear, slightly curved, hoary, 1 in. long.
White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov. (J. Kurbaj); Darfur Prov. (Kulme, & Sherif Kabbashi); Red Sea Prov. (near Karora).
=F. grandiflora= _Fourn._ UMHABEIBA (White Nile)—Arab.
Slender, erect, pale annual. Leaves linear-lanceolate, 1-3 in. long. Siliqua linear 1-2 in. long.
White Nile & Upper White Nile Provinces (Hillet Abbas to Meshra El Zeraf); Kordofan Prov.
=F. ramosissima= _Hochst._
Branching herb. Leaves linear-lanceolate. Flowers densely spicate. Siliqua short.
Red Sea Prov. (21° N. Lat., up to 4,000 ft.); Khartoum Prov.; Kordofan Prov. (Khursi); Darfur Prov. (Plains below J. Marra, 3,000 ft.).
45 =Sisymbrium erysimoides= _Desf._
Herb, 1-3 ft. high. Upper leaves lyrate pinnatisect. Siliquas divergent, rigid, linear-subulate.
Red Sea Prov. (21° N. Lat., between sea level & 4,000 ft.).
46 =Diplotaxis erucoides= DC.
Herb, 1-2 ft. high. Lower leaves lyrate-pinnatifid or obovate-toothed. Flowers white or purplish on ebracteate racemes. Siliqua 1 in. long, ascending. Seeds biseriate.
Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit & Karora).
47 =Eruca sativa= _Lam._ GARGUIR (Egypt)—Arab.