Part 21

Fleshy arborescent shrub, ab. 4 ft. high; trunk up to 2-3 ft. thick at base. Leaves in spirals and terminal fascicles, oblanceolate or linear oblong, often emarginate, 2-4 in. long, appearing with the flowers, coriaceous. Fl. in paired racemes; calyx 5-lobed, ab. ⅓ in. long; cor. carmine; tube funnel-shaped, ab. 1 in. long with 5 hairy lines inside; lobes 5, ab. 1 in. long or shorter, spreading; anthers 5, sagittate, conniving at the top by long hairy appendages as long as the tube. Fr. 2 spindle-shaped follicles 5-7 in. long.

Fung Prov. (J. Akaro & Fazoghli); Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Hedra, Rashad); Mongalla Prov.

=A. Hongkel= _A. DC._ SIM, SIM AHMAR or SHAGAR EL SIM (Baggara)—Arab; DAGARAG (Tagele), NARURAI (J. Eliri) & TUMU (Kadugli)—Nuba.

Stumpy arborescent shrub, 6-10 ft. high, with fleshy stem and branches, not unlike a miniature Baobab. Leaves appearing after the flowers, obovate-oblong, 3-4 in. long. Cymes 2-10 flowered; cor. carmine, much as above, somewhat smaller.

Nuba Mts. Prov (on rocks).

The juice is said to be used for poisoning arrows; hence its Arabic name.

=A. obesum= _R._ & _S._

Arborescent shrub, 3 ft. high. Leaves oblanceolate, rounded and mucronulate at the tip, 3-4 in. long, 1-1½ in. broad, puberulous below. Flowers on leafless branches. Corolla tube 1¼ in. long, pubescent.

Darfur Prov. (Jebel Marra).

=ASCLEPIADACEÆ.[4]=

439 =Cryptolepis oblongifolia= _Schlechter._

Erect shrub. Leaves opp. or ternate, narrowly lanceolate to oblong- elliptic, ½-2 in. long. Cyme subaxillary, 3-16 flowered; cor. yellow, minute. Fr. 2 spindle-shaped, spreading follicles.

Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).

=C. sp.=

Shrub 2-4 ft. Leaves lanceolate, acute, 1½ in. long, ⅓-⅔ in. broad, glabrous. Fruiting carpel divergent, 3 in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land to West of Tonj River).

440 =Tacazzea venosa= _Decne._ =var. Martini= _N.E. Br._

Erect or twining shrub with milky juice. Leaves opp. or whorled, lanceolate, 2½-5 in. long, glabrous above, tomentose beneath. Panicles axillary, 1½-4 in. long; sepals minute, broadly elliptic; cor. lobed nearly to base; lobes oblong, ¼ in. long, overlapping; coronal lobes linear, divided ab. half way down into 2 filiform segments. Follicles 2, lanceolate 2-3 in. long.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma).

=T. apiculata= _Oliv._ SHAG EL FIL, HALLEYU, ABU LEBBEN & ARKALA—Arab.

Woody twiner. Leaves opp., oblong or elliptic-oblong, 2-5 in. long, shortly pointed at apex, emarginate or cordate at base, whitish tomentose beneath. Panicles 2½-6 in. long; sepals minute, brick-red; cor. lobed nearly to base; lobes ¼ in. long; coronal lobes filiform, nearly ½ in. long. Follicles 2, horizontally diverging, lanceolate, tapering to a point, ab. 3 in. long.

Fung. Prov.; White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas, Niamniam & Bongo-lands); Mongalla Prov. (Gondokoro).

Yields a kind of Gutta-Percha.

=T. sp.= ARKALA—Arab.

Branches pubescent. Leaves oblong-elliptic, truncate, mucronate, 3 in. long, 2 in. broad, whitish pubescent below. Flowers not seen.

Upper White Nile Prov. (Kaka).

441 =Raphionacme jurensis= _N.E. Br._

Procumbent trailing shrub, with puberulous branches. Leaves not seen. Flowers solitary or in pairs, grey-lilac; pedicels 3-5 in. long, puberulous. Corolla lobes ¼ in. long, thinly pubescent outside.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (between Jur & Wau Rivers).

=R. sp. near R. jurensis= _N.E. Br._

Similar to above but erect from a long tuber, sometimes leafy at time of flowering. Leaves oblanceolate, 2 in. long, subacute. Corolla whitish green with 2 purple spots at base of each lobe; filaments purple.

Mongalla Prov. (Bor & southward).

442 =Omphalogonus calophyllus= _Baillon._

Glabrous twiner. Leaves ovate, rounded or widely cordate at the base, acutely acuminate, 3-6 in. long, 2-4½ in. broad, with 12-14 lateral nerves. Cymes axillary, few flowered. Calyx cupular, lobes 1/12 in. long. Corolla lobes elliptic, ⅓ in. long.

Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).

443 =Periploca aphylla= _Decne._ MAGOK—Hadendowa.

Shrub with short, stiff, usually leafless branches, young shoots bearing oblong or linear-oblong leaves, ½ in. long. Cymes 5-20 flowered, terminal; cor. ½ in. diam., rotate; lobes ¼ in. with white hairs near margin; coronal lobes ¼ in. long, each with 2 wing-like keels; anthers connate at tip over the style. Follicles 2 spreading, 3-4 in. long.

Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, 21°-22° L.N.).

The fibre is used in India for well-ropes, being considered impervious to the action of water. The flower-buds are eaten raw or cooked. The latex is applied to tumours and swellings.

=P. linearifolia= _Dill._ & _Rich._

Shrub with whip-like branches. Leaves linear, acute, about 2 in. long and ⅙ in. broad, 1-nerved. Flowers in lax cymes. Corolla-lobes densely ciliate on the margins.

Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).

444 =Secamone Schweinfurthii= _K. Schum._

Climbing shrub. Leaves opp., elliptic to orbicular, ⅓-1¼ in. long. Cymes 3-6 fld., axillary and terminal; cor. under ¼ in. diam., with minute coronal lobes. Foll. 2, spreading, glabrous.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: Kulongo).

445 =Podostelma Schimperi= _K. Schum._

Small woody shrub, sometimes twining. Leaves opp., thick, ovate or elliptic, ⅓-1 in. long. Cymes sessile, 2-6-fid.; cor. white or yellowish; lobes ⅓ in. long, overlapping; anthers winged, connivent round upper part of style. Foll. 2, lanceolate, 1½-2 in. long.

Red Sea Prov. (Suakin & Sinkat); between Suakin & Berber (Wadi Sarranib).

446 =Glossonema lineare= _Decne._

Slender annual, 6-15 in. high. Leaves opp., linear or lin.-lanceolate, ¾-2 in. long. Fl. solitary in 1 axil of the opp. leaves; cor. lobes ¼ in. long; corona minute. Foll. 2, linear-terete.

White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol).

=G. nubicum= _Decne._

Herb, 6-12 in. high, with white hairs on pet. and lower sides of leaves which are opp., linear or linear-lanceolate, ¾-5 in. long. Fl. 2-6 together, cymose; cor. white, ⅙ in. diam.; coronal lobes ovate, subulate. Foll. 2, 1½ in. long, echinate, lanceolate.

Khartoum Prov. (Baraka); Kordofan Prov. (J. Kon & Tueir).

=G. Boveanum= _Decne._

Herb, 3-10 in. high; stems white-hairy. Leaves opp., ovate or ovate- lanceolate, white-pubescent. Fl. 1-3 together sublateral, white, minute; coronal lobes 3-lobed, the middle one filiform; anther appendages reniform. Foll. 2, spiny, 1½ in. long.

Red Sea Prov. (Suakin); Nubia (sea-coast to between 3,000 and 4,000 ft.).

447 =Solenostemma Argel= _Hayne._ HARGAL—Arab.

Undershrub, 1½-2 ft. high. Leaves opp., lanceolate to oblong-ovate, 1-1½ in. long, coriaceous. Cymes axillary, many-flowered, ab. 2 in. long; cor. white, tube minute, lobes ¼ in. long; corona cup-shaped; lobes 5, obtuse, concave-hooded. Foll. 1, 2 in. long, ¾ in. thick.

Sudan North; Kordofan Prov.

The leaves possess purgative properties.

448 =Oxystelma bornouense= _R. Br._

Slender herbaceous climber. Leaves opp. deltoid-ovate to lanceolate, cordate or hastate, 1-3 in. long, acuminate. Cymes axillary, long- peduncled, 2-3 fl.; cor. ab. 1 in. diam., mauve veined with purple, cup- shaped; lobes deltoid. Foll. 1, much inflated, ab. 2 in. long, ovoid- oblong.

Berber Prov. (Atbara: Shallalat); Blue Nile Prov. (mouth of Dinder); Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov. (at Om Madeb); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu- land: Mvolo).

449 =Schizoglossum abyssinicum= _K. Schum._

Undershrub with slender whip-like stems from a woody rhizome. Leaves linear-acicular, 1½ in. long, slightly pubescent. Flowers fasciculate; pedicels ⅓ in. long, pubescent. Corolla-lobes linear-oblong, pubescent.

Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).

=S. angustissimum= _K. Schum._

Herb, 3-4 ft. high. Leaves opp. or whorled, linear, margins revolute, ¾-2½ in. long. Umbels 6-10 fl., numerous, sessile, lateral; cor. minute with long woolly hairs on margins of lobes; coronal lobes with bi- or trifid horns. Follicles 2.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Gumango hill in Niamniam-land).

=S. Petherickianum= _Oliv._

Hairy herb. Leaves opp. or whorled, oblong to ovate-lanceolate. Umbels numerous, lateral at nodes, sessile, 10-15 fl.; cor. minute, hairy; coronal lobe on inner face with an erect tooth and 2 decurrent keels.

Bahr El Jebel (Nyangara).

=S. eximium= _N.E. Br._

Tall herb. Leaves opp., oblong-ovate, cordate, 1½-3 in. long. Umbels several, 6-10 fl., lateral or terminal; peduncles 1-2 in. long; cor. white, lobes campanulate, ¾ in. long; coronal lobes purple or purple brown, nearly ½ in. long.

Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).

=S. sp.=

Habit of _S. abyssinicum_, but pedicels much shorter and corolla-lobes longer.

Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).

450 =Calotropis procera= _Ait._ USHAR—Arab; BARAS—Hadendowa; OGUN or UBUN (Dilling), LAMBŪRI (J. Eliri) & KAUROK (Kadugli)—Nuba.

Shrub or small tree; youngest parts white-tomentose. Leaves opp., subsessile, ovate or elliptic, 2-12 in. long, cordate, glabrous. Fl. in lateral and terminal clusters of 3-10; cor. campanulate, ¾-1 in. diam., white, with purple-brown tips; coronal lobes ¼ in. long, truncate, with 2 lobes at top of each. Foll. 2, subglobose, spongy inside, 3-4 in. long.

Throughout the greater part of the Sudan.

The latex yield an inferior Gutta-Percha. The floss from the fruit is used for stuffing pillows. The bast fibre is strong and glossy but difficult to extract. The leaves are used for fermenting durra in the preparation of merissa. Almost every part of the plant is used as medicine. The latex is an irritant poison.

451 =Kanahia laniflora= _R. Br._ ABU LEBBEN—Arab.

Riverside shrub, 4-5 ft. high. Leaves opp., lanceolate or linear- lanceolate, 2-6 in. long, with minute bristles in axils of nerves. Fl. on 1-2 in. long peduncles from the lateral nodes; cor. white, fragrant, campanulate, ¾ in. long; lobes ⅓ in. densely woolly; coronal lobes 5, fleshy with simple or bifid inflexed beaks. Foll. 2 lanceolate, acuminate, ab. 2 in. long.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; Fung Prov. (Fazoghli: J. Araro); Upper White Nile Prov.

=K. glaberrima= _N.E. Br._

Shrub, 4-6 ft. high. Leaves opp., linear-lanceolate, 2-6 in. long, with bristles in axils of nerves. Fl. in pedunculate several-flowered, umbel- like lateral racemes; cor. white; lobes ⅓ in. long, with white woolly hairs; coronal lobes deltoid-ovate, with linear-acuminate teeth at the tops. Foll. usually solitary, lanceolate, beaked, ab. 2 in. long.

Khartoum Prov. (Shambat: Banks of the Nile).

452 =Asclepias lineolata= _Schlechter._

Stout undershr. with fleshy roots, 2-4 ft. high. Leaves opp., ovate- to linear-oblong, 2-4½ in. long, cordate. Umbels 4-10 fl., lateral and terminal; cor. purplish, 1 in. diam.; lobes ½ in. long, ciliolate; coronal lobes purple, pointed, ridged between the anthers, which connive over the style. Follicles 2, inflated ellipsoid, 3-4 in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas & Bongo-land).

=A. Schweinfurthii= _N.E. Br._

Stems 2 ft. or more. Leaves opp., lanceolate-ovate, cordate, 2-3½ in. long. Umbels 4-6 fl., lateral on peduncles up to 6 in. long; cor. rotate-campanulate, 1 in. diam.; lobes ½ in. long, fringed on one margin; corona ¼ in. long, winged. Foll. 2.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).

=A. semilunata= _N.E. Br._

Stems 2-5 ft. high. Leaves whorled below, opp. above, linear or lin.-lanceolate, 4-7 in. long. Umbels lateral on 1 in. long peduncles; cor. lobes ⅓-½ in. long, reflexed; corona toothed. Foll. half-moon shaped, 2½-3 in. long, inflated, echinate.

Bahr El Jebel (Madi); Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Wando).

=A. flavida= _N.E. Br._

White-tomentose shrub, 3-4 ft. high. Leaves opp., linear, 1½-3 in. long. Umbels 4-6 fl., lateral. Cor. white (?), lobes reflexed, ¼ in. long, fringed on one margin; corona dull purple. Foll. ellipsoid, bristly when young.

Red Sea Prov. (coast, 21° N.L.).

=A. macrantha= _Hochst._

Stem 9-18 in. high. Leaves opp., lin.-lanceolate, acuminate, 3-10 in. long. Umbels 3-6 fl., lateral and terminal on peduncle 3-11 in. long; cor. scarlet or yellow, rotate; lobes ½ in. long; corona yellow. Foll. usually solitary, lanceolate, 3-4 in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Ibba River); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).

=A. Phillipsiæ= _N.E. Br._

Woody, densely pubescent shrub. Leaves opp., linear, 1½-3½ in. long, margins very revolute. Umbels lateral, 3-6 fl.; peduncle ½-¾ in. long; cor. white, deeply-lobed; lobes ¼ in. long, reflexed, fringed on one margin; corona with 5 falcate teeth. 2 Foll., 2 in. long, lanceolate.

Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 7,200-9,000 ft.).

453 =Margaretta rosea= _Oliv._

Perennial herb, 12-18 in. high. Leaves opp., linear to lanceolate, acuminate, 2-5 in. long. Umbels 3-4 in a corymb at top of the stem, and sometimes one from the node below, each 7-16 fl., on peduncles ½-3 in. long; cor. lobes ⅙ in. long, erect; corona toothed. Foll. often solitary, ab. 3 in. long.

Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).

454 =Cynanchum polyanthum= _K. Schum._

Pubescent, fleshy twiner. Leaves opp., ovate, acute, cordate, 2-3½ in. long; petiole 1-2 in. long. Umbels 10-30 fl., compound, peduncle 1-1½ in. long; cor. lobes ¼ in. long; corona tubular half its length and with 5 entire or bifid teeth. Follicles 2 in. long, glabrous.

Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).

455 =Sarcostemma viminale= _R. Br._

Succulent, almost leafless shrub with switch-like, sometimes twining shoots. Umbels many-flowered, lateral or terminal, sessile. Fl. small, greenish-white or yellow; corona double, minute. Foll. 2., lin.-lanceolate, 2½-4 in. long.

Nubia (Wadi Tui between Suakin & Berber); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).

456 =Pentatropis cynanchoides= _R. Br._

Slender twiner. Leaves opp., oblong to ovate, ½-1½ in. long, fleshy. Umbels 3-6 fl., subaxillary; cor. purplish-green, 5-lobed; lobes linear from triangular base; corona with acute apex. 2 Foll., lanceolate, beaked 2-3 in. long.

Red Sea Prov. (J. Waratab near Suakin & Karora hills); White Nile Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Barboi).

457 =Dæmia cordata= _R. Br._

Slender woody climber. Leaves opp., ovate to orbicular, cordate, tomentose on both sides, ½ to 1 in. long. Fl. in a corymb-like raceme, 1-2 in. long; cor. small, green; corona double. 2 Follicles 1½-2½ in. long, ovoid, beaked, echinate.

Nubian Coast; Kassala Prov. (Atbara: Goz Regeb on granite); Nuba Mts. Prov.

=D. extensa= _R. Br._

Differs from above by more glabrous and larger (up to 5 in. long) leaves and also large raceme, 2-16 in. long.

Red Sea Prov. (Soturba Mountains to near Karora); Blue Nile Prov.; Kordofan, Darfur, Upper White Nile (Renk), & Mongalla Provinces.

The stems yield a fibre. The plant is used in infantile diarrhœa, also as an emetic. The pulp of the fleshy leaves is used as a stimulating poultice for carbuncles.

458 =Gymnema sylvestre= _R. Br._

Woody twiner. Leaves opp., ovate to lanceolate, cuneate or cordate at base, ¾-3 in. long. Umbels subaxillary, many-flowered; cor. yellowish- white, minute, fleshy; coronal lobes fleshy, fringed. Follicles 2½-3½ in. long, lanceolate, beaked.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land, Jur Ghattas, Dar Fertit, Biri River).

The root is used for snake bite. The leaves, when chewed, are said to destroy the taste of sugar for twenty-four hours.

459 =Marsdenia spissa= _S. Moore._ SHAGAR EL FIL (Fung)—Arab.

Woody climber. Leaves opp., ovate or elliptic-ovate acuminate 1½-4 in. long. Cymes many-flowered, lateral; cor. greenish-yellow, rotate- campanulate, ½ in. diam.; lobes ¼ in. long, tomentose; coronal lobes minute, fleshy. Follicles 3½ in. long, elongate-ovoid, with broad frill- like wings; seeds crowned with long silky hairs.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Wau, Jur).

Yields a fibre.

=M. rubicunda= _N.E. Br._ KNĀR (Kenissa)—Dinka.

Woody climber, young parts with salmon-red tomentum. Leaves opp., elliptic or elliptic-ovate, cordate, 1-3 in. long. Cor. ½ in. diam.; lobes rotate, 1/5 in. long, greenish; corona lobes subulate and bifid. Follicles 2, wings 4, crenate.

Nuba Mts. Prov. (Dar Nuba); Darfur Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shambé and Meshra El Rek); Mongalla Prov.

460 =Leptadenia lancifolia= _Decne._ ERG HABŪB EL KHEIL, or ABU LEBBEN or UMLEBEINA or MABLEBEN (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab.

Woody, tomentose climber. Leaves opp., ovate to lanceolate or variable in shape, 1-5 in. long. Umbels many-flowered, lateral; cor. green, rotate, lobes under ¼ in. long; throat densely bearded with white hairs; coronal lobes fleshy, pointed. Follicles 2, lanceolate, 3-4 in. long, glabrous.

Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); White Nile Prov. & Upper Nile Prov. (Dueim to Kodok); Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Gadein); Bahr El Jebel (up to Lake Albert).

The pounded roots, mixed with water are said to be given to horses and cattle for flatulency.

=L. heterophylla= _Decne._ LUWEIS—Arab; ASHENON (Kenissa)—Dinka.

Slender woody twiner. Leaves very variable from linear-hastate to oval, ¾-3 in. long. Umbels several-flowered, sub-axillary; cor. 2-2½ lines in diam.; corona lobes fleshy, tipped with hairs. Foll. 1, lanceolate, 2-3 in. long.

Fung Prov. northwards; Darfur Prov.; Mongalla Prov. (Kenissa).

=L. Spartium= _Wight._ MARAKH or MERAKH & ZA’ANSHERAB ELMI (N. Kordn.)—Arab; AGWAIT—Hadendowa.

Switch-like, green-stemmed, glaucous shrub, 5-10 ft. high, generally leafless. Umbels subaxillary, flowers developing successively; cor. yellow, 5-lobed, small; corona green, fleshy. Foll. 2, lin.-lanceolate, terete, 3-4 in. long.

North Sudan; Red Sea, Kassala & Kordofan Provinces.

Yields a valuable fibre but difficult of extraction. Good camel fodder.

461 =Ceropegia nilotica= _Kotschy._

Slender fleshy twiner with tuberous root. Leaves opp., ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, toothed towards apex, 1 in. long. Peduncles lateral, 2 flowered; cor. blackish-purple, yellow in throat, 1½ in. long; tube inflated at base; lobes connate at apex, ¼ in. long; corona double, inner yellowish.

Mongalla Prov. (Bari-land, Gondokoro).

=C. racemosa= _N.E. Br._

Slender twiner. Leaves opp., lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 1-2 in. long. Flowers solitary, ⅓-1 in. apart on racemes, which are 2-4 in. long; cor. tube ¾ in. long, hairy inside; lobes ½ in. long, connate at apex, fringed; corona ciliate, double, 5 outer with 10 teeth ½ in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land: Jur Ghattas).

=C. stenantha= _K. Schum._ AKEISH or AGASH (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab; AKON (Meshra El Zeraf)—Dinka; AGE (Meshra El Zeraf)—Shilluk.

Slender twiner. Leaves opp., lanceolate, 1-2½ in. long, ciliolate on margin. Cymes 3-6 fl., umbelled, sublateral; cor. greenish; tube ½ in. inflated below; lobes ½ in. linear, connate at tips; corona double, minute.

Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur- land, Jur Ghattas).

The leaves are acid and can be eaten as spinach. The tuber is said to be a good substitute for a potato.

462 =Brachystelma phyteumoides= _K. Schum._

Dwarf perennial; several stems, ab. 4 in. high, from a thick root stock. Leaves opp. linear, acuminate, ab. 2 in. long, nearly glabrous. Umbel terminal between a pair of leaves; cor. dark purple-brown; tubes short, lobes ¾ in. long; corona included in tube, very short, outer lobes bifid. Foll. fusiform.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land; near Jur Ghattas).

463 =Echidnopsis nubica= _N.E. Br._

Leafless, succulent, obtusely 8-angled plant, angles tesselately divided into obtuse tubercles. Fl. fascicled near tips of the stems; cor. very small, 5-lobed, purple-brown, or purple-brown dotted on green; corona single. Follicles up to 4 in. long and ⅓ in. thick, purplish.

Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit, Suakin).

464 =Caralluma longidens= _N.E. Br._

Succulent branching 4-angled plant; branches attenuated upwards, 5-8 in. long; angles slightly toothed; teeth bearing fleshy, terete, deciduous leaves. Fl. solitary or 2 together along upper part of stem; cor. dark purple-brown; tube ¼-⅓ in. long; lobes ¼ in., ovate-lanceolate, glabrous; outer corona of 10 lin.-subulate teeth, ⅙ in. long, inner with 5 smaller teeth.

Between Suakin & Berber (Wadi Laemeb).

=C. vittata= _N.E. Br._

Succulent, glabrous, 4-angled plant, 6-8 in. high; angles slightly toothed; branches ⅓ to 1 in. thick, much attenuated upwards. Fl. 1-4 together, scattered on the terminal 2-4 in. of the branches; cor. tube whitish, streaked dark purple, ab. 1/7 in.; lobes ⅙ in. long, dark purple, glabrous; outer corona of 10 minute teeth.

Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L. between sea level and 4,000 ft.).

=C. retrospiciens= _N.E. Br._ KAREIB—Hadendowa.

Succulent cactus-like plant, up to 3 ft. high, with ascending deeply 4-angled toothed branches, teeth broad, decurved. Umbels terminal or subterminal, several together forming a compound globose head up to 3 or 4 in. diam. Cor. 5-lobed, deep purplish-brown, tube ¼ in. long; lobes ¼ in., deltoid, fringed with dark hairs; outer corona with 5 pairs of teeth. Foll. ab. 6 in. long, linear, terete.

Kassala Prov. to Red Sea Prov.

465 =Huernia macrocarpa= _N.E. Br._

Succulent perennial; stems 3-4 in. high, subquadrangular, angles coarsely toothed, teeth fleshy, recurved spinescent at apex. Follicles in pairs, 5-6 in. long, narrow, acute or hooked at apex.

Red Sea Prov. (Sinkat); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land; Abu Gurun).

=RUBIACEÆ.=

466 =Sarcocephalus esculentus= _Afzel._ KARMUDODA—Arab; DOMA—Zande.

Small tree. Leaves opposite, ovate-oblong, cordate, ab. 6 in. long, almost mucronate; stipules interpetiolar, as in many of this family, caducous, ovate, short. Flower heads orange-coloured, globose, crowded; pistils exserted.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov.

Yields a gum. The core of the flower-heads is eaten. Wood light yellow with darker markings, density 0.676. A yellow dye is obtained from the roots.

=S. Russeggeri= _Kotschy._ KARMUDOD’A (Baggara)—Arab; N’DU—Golo; DAMMA or DOMA—Zande.

Shrub, up to 20 ft. high. Flower-heads white, sweet-scented, globose. Leaves usually broadly elliptical.

Fung Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov. (Korarak); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land, Niamniam-land).

The core of the flower-heads is eaten, but in excess acts as an emetic. The wood, which is of a red colour, is used by the Niamniams for the manufacture of curious oracles, consisting of two pieces of wood, flattened and polished, which may or may not adhere together after being wetted. The root is said to be a fine bitter tonic.

467 =Adina microcephala= _Hiern._ MISTIKA or MISHKA (Medani, Fung Prov.)—Arab.

Moderate-sized tree. Leaves lanceolate, in whorls of 4, 4-6 in. long. Flowers compact on a globose, bracteolate receptacle. Seeds winged at each end.

Fung Prov. (Singa & Fazoghli); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dar Fertit).

468 =Mitragyne macrophylla= _Hiern._

Moderate-sized tree. Leaves elliptical, often broadly so. Flowering heads globose, cymosely arranged or umbellate. Fruit dicoccous; seeds winged both ends.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land & Jur-land).

The wood is used for making canoes, furniture and for housebuilding on the West Coast.

=M. africana= _Korth._ YO?—Arab; ANGOTO—Dinka; N’DUNGO—Golo; BIAMA—Jur; LAO—Nuer; KOFOKOFO—Zande?

Moderate-sized to fairly large tree, growing not far from water. Leaves ovate-elliptical, more or less cordate. Flower-heads globose, solitary, 1 in. diam.; cor. white, turning yellow. Seeds 2-winged.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (mouth of Bahr El Arab & Wau).

Wood white, rather soft, density 0.560, used for carving and in cabinet work; known as African Lime.

469 =Hymenodictyon Kurria= _Hochst._

Shrub or small tree. Leaves obovate to oval, 3-8 in. long. opposite; interpet. stipules ovate-oblong, ½ in. long, deciduous. Inflorescence spicate, 7 in. long. Bracts opposite, elliptical, marcescent, ab. 2 in. long on 1 in. long stalks.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: summit of Mt. Baginse).

=H. scabrum= _Stapf._

A small scabrid shrub. Leaves obovate, 3 in. long, 1½ in. broad, scabrid on the nerves below. Flowers not seen. Fruits narrowly ellipsoid, ¾ in. long, prominently lenticellate. Bahr El Jebel (Bari & Madi).

470 =Crossopteryx Kotschyana= _Fenzl._ DARITAR—Dinka; M’BILI or TIRI—Golo; AKOS—Jur.

Small tree. Leaves coriaceous, elliptical, 1-8 in. long; stip. deltoid, acuminate. Flowers cream-coloured or pink, fragrant, in dense corymbose panicles. Capsule 2-celled, globose, crustaceous, ab. ¼ in. diam.; seeds peltate.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur, Niamniam & Bongo lands); Uganda (Nile Prov.).

471 =Pentas carnea= _Benth._

Shrubby, 1-2 ft. high, harshly pallid-puberulous. Leaves ovate-oblong to lanceolate-oblong, 1-6 in. long; stip. multipartite, subulate. Cymes usually dense, 1-3 in. in diameter. Cor. purplish, hairy at throat. Capsule 2-celled, coriaceous, many seeded.

Bahr El Jebel (Madi).

=P. arvensis= _Hiern._

Rambling perennial, 2 ft. high. Leaves subsessile, elliptic-lanceolate. Cymes 1-3 in. across; cor. white with purple throat, which is hairy.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land).

=P. Schweinfurthii= _Scott Elliot._

Herb. Leaves ovate-elliptic, acute, 4½ in. long, 2 in. broad, with numerous densely pubescent lateral nerves. Flowers light mauve, in paniculate clusters.

Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).

472 =Otomeria madiensis= _Oliv._

Somewhat shrubby perennial, up to ab. 3 ft. high, hairy. Interpet. stipules sheathing, each with 3 subulate teeth. Leaves elliptical, hairy on veins, opposite. Spikes terminal, simple or branched, 1 ft. long; flowers 1 in. long, pink; cor. tube hairy. Capsule ¼ in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land); Bahr El Jebel (Madi).

473 =Oldenlandia grandiflora= _Hiern._

Herb, up to 4 ft. high. Flowers crimson, mostly tetramerous in this genus, corymbose; cor. salver-shaped. Fruit subglobose, crowned with calyx teeth. Leaves opposite, upper sometimes needle-shaped, lower narrow-lanceolate; stipules sheathing, short, 2-3 pointed.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov. (Fazoghli & Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov. (Obeid & Um Sutt); Nuba Mts. Prov. (Dilling); Darfur Prov. (Kulme).

=O. senegalensis= _Hiern._

Herb, up to 3 ft. high. Flowers white or pink, paniculately cymose; cor. salver-shaped, tube slender, glabrous. Leaves narrow-lanceolate. Fruit as above.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Red Sea Prov. (Soturba); Khartoum Prov.; Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Kordofan Prov. (Obeid); Mongalla Prov. (Bari-country).

=O. Schimperi= _T. Anders._