Part 18
Fleshy plant; stem simple from a disciform tuber, 8-16 in. high. Leaves crowded at top of stem, elliptic with unequal base, 2½-5½ in. long. Infl. solitary; stalk 1-2 in. long; receptacle stellate, 4-7 rayed, up to 1 in. diam.; rays ¾-3 in. long.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River).
=D. barnimiana= _Schwfth._
Stemless, tuberous herb. Leaves radical fleshy cordate to cordate-ovate, the ultimate leaf sometimes 3-sect, segments again 2-3 sect, many- toothed; pet. 6 in. long or more. Peduncles as long as petioles; receptacle green, vertical, linear to oblong, with a narrow margin and linear bracts, the terminal one the longest up to 1¼ in. long.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat; Khor Koki, near Matamma); Fung Prov. (J. Fazoghl, Famaka, Fazoghli).
=var. tropæolifolia= _Rendle._
Smaller than above. Leaf solitary, peltate, roundish, 1 in. diam.; pet. under 2 in. long. Peduncle 2-4 in. long, bracts on receptacle ⅓-½ in. long.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat; left bank of Gendua River).
=D. foetida var. obovata= _Engl._
Stems from a thick fleshy tuber; leaves on long slender petioles, elliptic, ovate or obovate, 1½ in. long, 1 in. broad. Infl. roundish, with 8-10 linear unequal arms about ⅙ in. long.
Red Sea Prov. (Katai Geraita).
=D. palmata= _Engl._
Stemless herb, tuber roundish to broadly conical. Petioles 2-4 in. long; leaves glabrous, ovate-cordate, dentate or 3-7 sect, 3-4 in. long. Peduncle 2-4 in. long; erect, narrowly triangular, up to 1½ in. long; apical bract ¾ in. and 1-2 pairs of bracts from basal angles, ab. ½ in. long.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur; Wau, Jur Ghattas & Mangob).
352 =Ficus palmata= _Forsk._
Shrub or small tree with milky juice. Leaves alt. ovate-acuminate or ovate-orbicular and 3-5 lobed, scabrous, 2½-8 in. long. Receptacles axillary with 3 basal bracts and numerous others round the opening into the receptacle (ostiole).
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Wau); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra; Abwo stream, 8,200 ft.).
=F. Sycomorus= _Linn._ GAMEIZ—Arab; FANTEIB—Hadendowa; N’GUHIN (Dilling), N’GWANI (J. Ghulfan), DULLAM (Tagele) & INDYEIK (Kadugli)—Nuba; NENSHA—Hameg; KELISHO—Bari; NAGAP (Kaka)—Dinka; NAP NGOF—Nuer; AWOLAM—Shilluk.
Very large tree. Leaves alt., suborbicular, 2-5 in. long, subentire, sometimes somewhat scabrous, 3-nerved at base. Receptacles (Figs) 1 in. diam., tomentose, in leafless panicles on older wood; basal bracts 2, ostiolar bracts numerous.
Found near running water, in most parts of the Sudan, Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Erkowit); Berber Prov. (Shendi & El Mesherif); Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov.; Bahr El Jebel.
Wood soft, not durable, used for dug-out canoes and household utensils. Fruit edible. The wood was used by ancient Egyptians for mummy cases.
=F. capensis= _Thunb._ N’GAB (Bahr El Ghazal)—Dinka; GASSE—Golo.
Shrub of small tree. Leaves oval, 3-nerved at base, 2½-9 in. long; pet. up to 3 in. long; stip. oblong-lanceolate, villous, caducous. Receptacles in leafless 1 ft. long panicles on old wood, each obovoid, up to 1 in. long; basal bracts 3; bracts round prominent ostiole numerous, hairy.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur, Jur Ghattas).
Fruit edible.
=F. Vallis-Choudæ= _Del._
Large tree. Leaves broadly ovate, 4-8 in. long, coarsely dentate; pet. 1-2½ in. long; stip. linear-lanceolate, ¾ in. long, deciduous. Receptacles 1¾ in. diam., axillary, solitary, pear-shaped; basal bracts small and caducous; ostiolar bracts numerous coriaceous.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Gendua River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam- land); Nabambisso River); Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Wando River).
=F. gnaphalocarpa= _A. Rich._
Large tree. Leaves orbicular or ovate, cordate, 2-5 in. long, coriaceous, scabrous at times, obtusely serrate; pet. ¼-3 in. long; stip. subpersistent, lanceolate-acuminate. Receptacles axillary, solitary, tomentose, 1½ in. long; basal bracts 3 whorled or scattered over the receptacle; ostiolar bracts tomentose, ¼ in. long, horizontal across orifice and retrorse inside it.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur; Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. (Bor).
=F. capreæfolia= _Del._ GUEIR or SEYID—Arab; OBA—Hameg.
Riverside shrub. Leaves nearly all opposite, 3-dentate at apex, 1-4 in. long, scabrous; pet. ab. ¼ in. long; stipules paired, lanceolate, ¼ in. long. Receptacles axillary, solitary, ¾ in. diam., bracts 3-4, scattered on ½ in. long peduncle; ostiole open, bracts imbricate descending into the orifice.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: banks of the Atbara River near Matamma); between Matamma & Shendi; Khartoum Prov.; Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Blue Nile Prov. (Wad El Ghazal, Abu Haraz); Kordofan Prov. (Bara); Upper White Nile Prov. (Fashoda); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: River Ibba & River Sway, near Dukuttu, Mittu-land: Roah River).
Fruit edible.
=F. urceolaris= _Welw._
Shrub or small tree. Leaves alt., unequally elliptic, caudate, 4-9 in. long, coarsely dentate; pet. ⅓-¾ in. long; stip. ovate, scabrous, ¼ in. long. Receptacles axillary 1-3 together on young shoots; basal bracts minute, scattered on peduncle. Ostiole large, bracts imbricate, mucilaginous, hyaline.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: on the Nabambisso River).
=F. storthophylla= _Warb._
Shrub or small tree. Leaves obovate-oblanceolate, caudate, 3-6 in. long, pinnately and laciniately lobed, scabrous; pet. ¼-½ in. long; stip. deciduous. Receptacles axillary 4 or 2 together, ¼ in. diam., subsessile with 2-3 basal bracts; ostiole large and slightly protruding, bracts numerous in and around the orifice.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Atoboru River).
=F. sciarophylla= _Warb._
Shrub 8 ft. high. Leaves elliptic, coarsely lobulate, acuminate, 6-12 in. long, whitish villous when young; pet. 1-2 in. long or more; stip. oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, ab. 1 in. long, glabrous. Receptacle not known.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: River Hoo).
=F. salicifolia= _Vahl._ UMSISI (Baggara)—Arab; TINGALIGALI (Kadugli)—Nuba.
Moderate-sized tree; bark light-brown. Leaves lanceolate, veins reticulate, strongly marked, usually 1-6 in. long; pet. ½-2½ in. long; stip. linear, 1 in. long, deciduous. Receptacles axillary crowded in pairs on short peduncles; basal bracts minute, deciduous; ostiole closed by bracts.
Blue Nile Prov. (Segeddi); Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Kadugli, J. Daier); Darfur Prov.
=F. ingens= _Miq._
Tree or shrub. Leaves ovate, cordate, 3-6 in. long, shining; pet. 1 in. long; stip. not known. Receptacles ⅓ in. diam., axillary, paired; basal bracts 2, coriaceous; ostiole closed by 3 imbricate bracts.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Gendua River); Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Nuba Mts. Prov. (Talodi); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dukuttu and Jur Ghattas); Bahr El Jebel (Madi).
=F. ingentoides= _Hutchinson._
Shrub or small tree, branchlets tomentose. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, rounded or subcordate at base, shortly acuminate, 2½-5 in. long, entire, thinly coriaceous; pet. ab. 1 in. long; stip. caducous, coriaceous. Receptacles axillary on old wood, ½ in. diam., basal bracts persistent; ostiolar bracts imbricate, visible outside.
Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, Mid Robo 8,300 ft.).
=F. polita= _Vahl._
Tree 50 ft. high. Leaves ovate, caudate, 3-6 in. long, rounded or subcordate at base; pet. up to 4½ in. long; stip. lanceolate-acuminate, caducous. Receptacles clustered on outgrowths on old wood, 1½ in. diam., wrinkled; basal bracts 3, triangular, ostiolar bracts retrorse inside orifice.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Linduku River, Mittu: Mvolo).
=F. ovata= _Vahl._
Large tree with a wide crown. Leaves oblong-elliptic, shortly acuminate, 7-10 in. long, base rounded or cordate; pet. ab. 2 in. long; stip. lanceolate-acuminate, caducous, 2 in. long. Receptacles in axillary pairs, 1-2 in. diam., enclosed when young by lid-like basal bracts; ostioles small; bracts all internal.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Linduku River & Mansilli River); Belgian Congo.
=F. glumosa= _Del._ TILT—Hadendowa; KWEYI (J. Eliri) & RREK (Kadugli) & FATAA (J. Daier)—Nuba; LAG—Dinka; GARI—Jur; KELA—Golo.
Small to large tree. Leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, subcordate, up to 6 in. long, subcoriaceous; pet. up to 2½ in. long; stip. caducous. Receptacles axillary, paired, ¼ in. diam., basal bracts small; ostiole small, prominent; bracts internal.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Erkowit); Fung Prov. (J. Juli, Fazoghli); Kordofan Prov. (J. Kon); Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Daier, Kadugli & J. Ghulfan); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo & Dar Fertit).
The bark is used for tanning and the latex for making bird-lime. The fruit is eaten.
=var. glaberrima= _Martelli._ SĒMOK—Hadendowa.
More glabrous than above.
Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Nuba Mts. Prov. (Kadugli); Darfur Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas, Wau).
In the Bahr El Ghazal Prov. the bark is used for tanning and also for making native cloth.
=F. Thonningii= _Blume._
Tree 40 ft. high. Leaves obovate- or oblong-elliptic, 2-9 in. long, chartaceous; pet. ½-2½ in. long; stip. deciduous, lanceolate-acuminate, ½ in. long. Recept. axillary, paired, sessile, ¼ in. diam.; basal bracts 3, ovate; ostiole small, boss-like, bracts all internal.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River); Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Wando River).
=F. populifolia= _Vahl._ SHEIALA (Dilling)—Nuba.
Moderate-sized tree, with smooth yellowish bark. Leaves rotundate, cordate, acuminate, 2½-5 in. long; pet. 1½-3½ in. long; stip. caducous, linear-lanceolate, acuminate, ab. 1 in. long. Recept. axillary, 2-4 together, ⅓ in. diam.; basal bracts 2, minute; ostiolar bracts all included.
Blue Nile Prov. (Sennar); Fung Prov. (Roseires); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol & Jebelein); Nuba Mts. Prov. (rocky hills); Darfur Prov.
Fruit edible.
=F. mittuensis= _Warb._
Differs from following by the prominent umbilical ostiole and the bifurcate midrib of the leaves.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu: Mvolo).
=F. abutilifolia= _Miq._
Tree with light-red bark. Leaves broad-cordate, 3-8 in. long and broad; pet. 2-4 in. long, flattened horizontally; stip. caducous. Recept. axillary, in pairs, stipitate, ½ in. long, mottled; basal bracts, rim or cup-like; ostiolar bracts all included.
Fung Prov. (Fazoghli).
=F. vasta= _Forsk._
Large tree. Leaves broadly ovate, deeply cordate, 3-14 in. long, tomentose; petiole up to 5 in. long; stip. deciduous, 1-3 in. long. Recept. axillary 2-3 together, ½ in. diam., basal bracts connate at base, soon breaking from it; ostiole 2-lipped; bracts all included, 2 larger than the others.
Nubia (between Suakin & Berber, Khor Harassa); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Khor River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Makporru Hill).
=F. congensis= _Engl._ KANGARU (J. Eliri)—Nuba; ADOT or ADIT—Jur.
Large tree. Leaves ovate-cordate, 5-8 in. long, coriaceous; pet. 1-3 in. long; stip. lanceolate-acuminate, 1-2½ in. long. Receptacles axillary, in pairs, ⅓ in. diam.; basal bracts 2, connate at base; ostiole 2-lipped; bracts included.
White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol & Jebelein); Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Eliri); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dar Fertit: Deim Guju, Jur: between Tonj & Wau, Bongo: Gir).
=F. discifera= _Warb._ KAURDAK (J. Daier)—Nuba.
Tree; leaf scars on branchlets disk- or horseshoe-shaped, ¼ in. diam. Leaves very broadly ovate, shortly acuminate, cordate, 4-8 in. long, 2-3½ in. wide; stip. caducous, lanceolate-acuminate, ⅓ in. long. Recept. probably axillary near ends of shoots ab. ½ in. diam.; basal bracts connate-saucer-shaped; ostiolar bracts included, 2 larger.
Nubia; between Gedaref & Abu Haraz (J. Arrang); Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Daier).
=F. platyphylla= _Del._ KURUWANG (J. Eliri), TAL (J. Ghulfan)—Nuba; KUBO—Bongo; KWEL (Bahr El Ghazal)—Dinka; KUVU, FUNGU or WUNGO—Golo; KWAYA or PAYO—Jur; KOYO—Krej; ROKKO—Zande.
Very large tree. Leaves broadly elliptic, deep-cordate, 5-10 in. long; pet. 3-5 in. long; stip. deciduous, triangular, ⅓ in. long. Recept. axillary, 2-3 together, ab. ½ in. diam.; basal bracts 2, connate at base; ostiolar bracts all included.
Dongola Prov. (Merowe); Fung Prov. (Fazoghli, Singa & Jongol’s Post); Upper White Nile Prov. (Khor Attar); Sobat River; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dinka, Jur: Jur Ghattas, Mittu); Bahr El Jebel.
The latex yields a very resinous rubber of no commercial value. The Dinkas tap the tree and with the dried latex clean their brass ornaments. The bark is used for tanning and for making bark cloth and ropes.
=F. iteophylla= _Miq._
Epiphyte or tree. Leaves oblanceolate, narrowing at each end, 1½-4 in. long; pet. 1-2 in. long; stip. deciduous lanceolate, small. Recept. axillary, crowded on young shoots, ab. ½ in. diam.; basal bracts 2, caducous, leaving a saucer-like rim; ostiole 2-lipped; bracts included.
Nuba Mts. Prov. (Homra near Kadugli); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).
=F. Dekdekena= _A. Rich._ UMSISI (Kordn.) & SARDOL (Sennar)—Arab; NIHING (Dilling) & RREK (Kadugli)—Nuba; ARAKH & THARAT—Hameg.
Tree or epiphyte. Leaves oblanceolate, short-acuminate, undulate, 2-6 in. long; pet. up to 2½ in. long; stip. ovate-lanceolate, ¼ in. long, ciliate. Recept. axillary in pairs crowded on young shoots, ⅓ in. diam.; basal bracts 3, connate at base; ostiole 2-lipped; bracts included, 2 larger than rest.
Fung Prov. (Fazoghli, Roseires); Nuba Mts. Prov. (Khor Ganna, near Dilling); Blue Nile Prov. (Sheikh Talha); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).
=F. Carica= _Linn._ SHAGAR EL TIN—Arab. The Cultivated Fig.
It is said to yield a rubber.
Cultivated for its fruit.
353 =Antiaris sp.=
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Wau & Niamniam-land: Mt. Baginze).
354 =Treculia africana= _Decne._
Tall tree with milky juice and clear bole ⅔ its height. Leaves alt., elliptic, 3-8 in. long, coriaceous; pet. ¼-½ in. long; stip. caducous, lanceolate, ½-¾ in. long. Fl. diœcious, capitate in both sexes, arranged on outside of and densely surrounded by the bracts of the fleshy receptacle. Male heads axillary short stalked, globose 1-2 in. diam. Fruit a syncarp up to twice as large as a man’s head, yellowish outside when ripe.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: near Kulenjo); Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: near Assika & Yuru Rivers).
The seeds are extracted from the fruit, ground into a paste and cooked by frying in oil. The fruits are of great size, weighing from 13-18 lbs. It has been estimated that a fruit may contain 1,500 seeds, each about the size of a haricot bean.
=URTICACEÆ.=
355 =Fleurya æstuans= _Gaud._
Bright green, nettle-like monœcious herb, up to 4 or 6 ft. high. Leaves alt., ovate, dentate 2-6 in. long, base truncate or slightly cordate, 3-nerved, with appressed stiff hairs on both surfaces; pet. 1-10 in. long; stip, persistent, subulate, ab. ⅓ in. long. Infl. an axillary long-stalked panicle, longer than the leaf, the small clusters bisexual and male on the same panicle, rarely male on separate peduncles. Male fl. calyx 4-5 partite; sta. 4-5; fem. fl. per. 4-partite, 2 segments larger.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: Gir); Bahr El Jebel (Madi).
356 =Urera sp.= HINNAT EL ABELAIN (Sennar)—Arab.
Shrub, 6-8 ft. high, somewhat like a tall nettle in appearance.
Blue Nile Prov. (Sennar); Fung Prov. (Saoleil For., under shade).
The branches having large pith cavities are cut and used as rosaries on the West Coast.
357 =Bœhmeria platyphylla= _D. Don._
Shrub, 3-15 ft. high. Leaves mostly opp., broadly ovate, acuminate, cordate, coarsely toothed, 3-9 in. long, sparsely white-hispid above; pet. ½-6 in. long. Spikes axillary, longer than leaves, either simple with male and fem. fl., or branched with male fl. on some branches and both sexes on others.
Bahr El Ghazal (Niamniam-land).
=var. ugandensis= _Rendle._
Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Assika River).
358 =Parietaria debilis= _Forst._
Small, almost translucent herb. Leaves subrotund, ⅓-1½ in. long, base 3-nerved; pet. shorter than blade. Fl. in sessile pairs of cymules in leaf-axils, polygamous, minute.
Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 9,700 ft.).
359 =Pouzolzia mixta= _Solms._
Monœcious shrub, young branches white-hairy. Leaves alt., ovate, acuminate, ab. 1 in. long, densely hairy above, white-tomentose beneath; pet. under ¼ in. Fl. monœcious clustered in leaf-axils, fem. fl. solitary among the numerous males.
Fung Prov. (Fazoghli).
360 =Forskohlea tenacissima= _Linn._ LUSSAQ or NUSSAQ—Arab.
Herb, up to 2 ft., woody below, branches with spiny, hooked hairs. Leaves alt. obovate or rhomboid, crenate-serrate, ½-2 in. long, 3-nerved at base, hispid above and white-tomentose below; pet. ½ length of blade. Fl. monœcious embedded in wool within a campanulate involucre.
Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L., Sallom); Khartoum Prov. (J. Royan and other rocky hills).
The bark yields a strong fibre.
=F. viridis= _Ehrenb._
Not unlike above. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, bluntly toothed, ½-4 in. long, only very sparsely hairy.
Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L., Khor Tamanib); Khartoum Prov.
=CANNABINACEÆ.=
361 =Cannabis sativa= _Linn._ HASHISH, KAMANGA & BANGO—Arab.
The common hemp.
Upper White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov.; Mongalla Prov.
The cultivation of the hemp plant is forbidden in the Sudan. Such specimens as have been found cultivated surreptitiously in clearings in the forest have been devoid of the resinous excretion characteristic of the official drug.
=CELASTRACEÆ.=
362 =Gymnosporia senegalensis= _Lam._ YO’OI or YOI—Arab; GIRGETTI—Rashida; DABALAB—Hadendowa; MEIRTEN (Dilling)—Nuba; SURREH—Bari; AKUWAT (L. Powendael)—Dinka; KWOICH—Nuer; GUMBOTO—Golo.
Spiny or (var. inermis) unarmed shrub. Leaves variable, from obovate to linear spathulate, coriaceous, entire or crenate. Flowers in axillary dichotomous cymes, small, greenish-white. Capsule size of a small pea, usually 2, sometimes 3-valved.
Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit & Has Has); Blue Nile Prov. (near Kamlin); Fung Prov.; Darfur Prov. (J. Marra: Mid zone to 8,000 ft.).
=var. obovata= _Loes._
Blue Nile, White Nile, & Bahr El Ghazal Provinces.
=var. inermis= _A. Rich._
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Nuba Mts. Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov.
=var. spinosa= _Loes._
Kassala Prov.; White Nile Prov. (Wad Shellai).
The wood is close grained, hard and durable, it is often employed for angareb legs. The ashes are used as a substitute for salt in the Bahr El Ghazal, and the root bark for dysentery.
=G. cf. G. senegalensis= _Lam._
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Mt. Baginse).
=G. sp.= HAMASHINDI—Hadendowa.
Shrub with coarse, coriaceous leaves.
Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit).
363 =Elæodendron æthiopicum= _Oliv._ =var. Burkeanum= _Loes._
Small tree. Leaves rather coriaceous, elliptic-oblong, shining above. Flowers greenish-yellow in axillary pedunculate cymes or umbels. Ovary deeply immersed in broad angular disk, 2-3 celled. Fruit an ovoid, apiculate drupe.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov.
=HIPPOCRATEACEÆ.=
364 =Hippocratea cymosa= _De Wild_ & _Dur._ =var. Schweinfurthiana= _Loes._
Climber. Leaves opposite, oblong-elliptic, crenulate, 2-2¾ in. long, leathery, reticulate. Flowers densely cymose. Fruits oblong- oblanceolate, about 1½ in. long.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land: Zeriba Abu Gurun & Bongo-land: Biselli).
=H. obtusifolia= _Roxb._ LEVII (J. Eliri)—Nuba; M’KOMVE—Golo.
Woody climber. Leaves opposite, variable in shape and size, more or less crenate. Flowers in cymes, often forming terminal panicles, small, bisexual. Fruit 2 in. long, separating into 3 distinct flat coriaceous carpels; seeds 4, compressed, winged.
Nuba Mts. Prov. (by water courses); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-Ghattas).
365 =Salacia Ducis-Wurtembergiæ= _Hochst._
Shrub; branches with ashen bark. Leaves obovate, obtusely serrate, much reticulated. Panicles axillary, dichotomous; flowers small. Fruit baccate, 1-3 celled.
Nubia; Blue Nile Prov.
=S. sp.=
Leaves subopposite, oblong-elliptic, obtusely acuminate, about 6 in. long, 2 in. broad, thin, crenate; flowers not seen.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: River Ibba near Nganye).
=SALVADORACEÆ.=
366 =Dobera Roxburghii= _Planch._ MEIK—Hadendowa; MEIKAH—Arab.
Large, much branched tree, finely pubescent above. Leaves opp., simple, coriaceous, ovate or variable in shape, 2-3 in. long, thinly white- pubescent beneath. Fl. small, polygamous, in axillary panicles shorter than leaves; calyx 3-5 lobed; petals 4-5 free, st. 4-5, filaments monadelphous, ovary 1-celled.
Red Sea Prov. (Khors Ashat & Gateb); Dongola Prov. (Wadi El Merakh); Kordofan Prov.
The flowers and leaves are used to perfume water.
367 =Salvadora persica= _Linn._ EL RAK, ARAKA & SHAU—Arab; KURREH & LUFARI—Bari; ASHWEL or KWUIL (Mongalla Prov.); ASHWAL (Renk), AGOWYAK-WYAK (Kaka) & AKIUL (Meshra El Zeraf)—Dinka; PAU & KWIL—Nuer; OBAILOH—Shilluk. The Mustard tree.
Diffuse shrub or small tree, glabrous. Leaves opp. entire, coriaceous, oblong, 2-3 in. long. Fl. very small, greenish-white in panicles from ends of branches or axillary, 4-merous; st. free.
Throughout the Sudan.
The leaves when chewed taste like mustard. The twigs are extensively used by natives as tooth-brushes (called MISWAK in Arabic). The seeds yield a bright green oil. A decoction of the bark is used as a vesicant. The berries are eaten. The tree is said to yield a resin which is useful in manufacture of varnish.
=OLACACEÆ.=
368 =Ximenia americana= _Linn._ KALTO, ALANKUWE, ABUKHAMEIRA, MIDEKA (Baggara)—Arab; EIL HĀSAL—Hadendowa; DILLUM (J. Daier), NALTI (Dilling), DUNGUR (J. Eliri) & TINDURE (Kadugli)—Nuba; MELAT—Dinka; ALEMA—Jur; ALIMU, KRUPU & RUPU—Golo; BIBI—Hameg; M’VOLO—Bongo.
Shrub, or more rarely small tree, armed with sharp spines. Leaves alternate, simple, entire, oval, 1-2 in. long. Flowers white, in short- stalked racemes; stamens 8-10; ovary 4-celled. Fruit a drupe, ab. 1 in. diam., yellow when ripe, acidulated, edible.
Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung; White Nile, Kordofan & Bahr El Ghazal Provinces; Bahr El Jebel (Madi).
The wood is used as a substitute for Sandalwood; it is very heavy and close grained; the bark is employed for tanning leather. The fruit is eaten, and is useful in cases of habitual constipation and gastric troubles. The kernel yields a white vegetable butter (Wood).
=OPILIACEÆ.=
369 =Opilia amentacea= _Roxb._ KAYU—Bari; KIUNGWAN (Mongalla)—Dinka; ZEBALABA—Golo.
Climbing shrub; branchlets finely pubescent. Leaves lanceolate to ovate- lanceolate, often sub-falcate. Flowers minute; yellow in axillary, bracteate spikes, pentamerous. Fruit a drupe, ovoid, ab. ½ in. long.
Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov. (near Dilling); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (two varieties); Mongalla Prov.
=LORANTHACEÆ.=
370 =Loranthus curviflorus= _Benth._
Woody, evergreen tree-parasite; twigs jointed. Leaves opp. or alt., linear to ovate-oblong, ¾-2½ in. long; umbels solitary 4-6 flowered; peduncle ¼ in. long; bract minute; calyx minute; cor. 1¾ in. long, of 5 separate petals reflexed above the middle; st. 5, under 1 in. long, inserted near base of petals. Fr. baccate.
Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, 21° Lat. N.).
=L. Acaciæ= _Zucc._ GULA (Blue Nile), ANABA or SAM (Baggara), ABU HAMĀDA or ABHAMĀDA (North Sudan)—Arab; HAMILTOB—Rashida; INGYIL (Dilling) & ANABA (Kadugli)—Nuba.
Parasitic, as above. Leaves opp. or subopp., oblong to lanceol.-oblong, 1½-4½ in. long. Umbels axillary, 1-2 flowered. Fl. 5-merous, gamopetalous, scarlet, 1½ in. long, cor. 5, gibbous at base; lobes reflexed from the middle, but slit to within ¼ in. of base.
Widely distributed. Red Sea Prov.; Dongola Prov. (Wad El Merakh); Berber Prov.; Kassala Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; White Nile Prov. (Jebelein); Kordofan Prov. (Melbes); Darfur Prov. (Surutj District, Wadi Hashaba).
Good camel fodder. Host plants are _Cordia Rothii_, _Acacia Seyal_, _Sesbania ægyptiaca_, _Tamarix articulata_, _Acacia Suma_, _Zizyphus mucronata_.
=L. Dregei= _Eckl._ & _Zeyh._ =var. kerenicus= _Sprague._
Parasite, as above; young parts rusty-tomentose. Leaves ovate-oblong to suborbicular 1½-3 in. long, opp. Heads axillary, fascicled, 2-4 flowered; bracts spoon-shaped, ¼ in. long; cor. 2 in. long, densely silky rufous-hairy, base gibbous; lobes reflexed from ab. the middle; anthers linear, 2-horned.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma).
Parasitic on _Combretum Hartmannianum_.
=L. djurensis= _Engl._
Parasitic. Leaves opp. or alt., ovate or lanceolate, 2-4 in. long. Umbels 3-5 flowered; cor. 1¾ in. long, tube funnel-shaped, split down one side, ribbed; lobes 5, erect ⅓ in. long, strap-shaped, separating from below upwards; st. 5, ¼ in. long, inserted high up.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur; Wau River).
=L. platyphyllus= _Hochst._
Parasitic. Leaves variable in insertion and shape, lanceolate to obovate, up to 4½ in. long. Umbels axillary, solitary 5-8 flowered; cor. orange-red, ab. 2 in. long, tube split down one side, shorter than lobes which are erect, separating from below upwards.
Fung Prov. (Danga, Jongol’s Post District).
=L. globiferus= _A. Rich._ =var. verrucosus= _Sprague._ AMAU—Jur.
Parasitic. Leaves ovate- to lanceolate-oblong 1-4½ in. long, thick. Umbels axillary, fascicled, 4-6 flowered; cor. ab. 1½ in. long, swollen above and at base, reddish; tube slit on one side; cor. lobes ¼ in. long, reflexed, spathulate; st. short.
Nubia (between Korosko & Berber); Blue Nile Prov. (Wad Medani, Sennar, Rahad); Fung. Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Sobat River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land); Mongalla Prov. (Atem Branch at Jonglei).
The root is said to be used in the Bahr El Ghazal Province for making a lotion for itch.
Host plants are _Khaya senegalensis_, _Zizyphus mucronata_, _Cratæva religiosa_ and _Acacia tortilis_.
=var. salicifolius= _Sprague._
Leaves lin.-lanceolate or lin.-oblanceolate, 2½-4 in. long.
Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 7,000 ft.)
Parasitic on a _Cordia_.
=L. Schweinfurthii= _Engl._
Parasitic. Leaves opp. or subopp., broadly ovate, 2-3 in. long, cuneate to cordate. Umbels axillary, solitary, 9-10 flowered; cor. under 1½ in. long, pilose outside, swollen at each end; tube slit ab. ½ in. down; lobes erect, ⅓ in. long, spoon-shaped; filaments toothed near apex.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: J. Ghattas).
Parasitic on _Ficus platyphylla_ Del.
=L. celtidifolius= _Engl._
Parasite; young parts rusty-pilose; branchlets lenticellate. Leaves opp. or subopp., ovate-oblong, 1½-3 in. long. Umbels axillary, solitary or ternate, 9-13 flowered; cor. showy, scarlet, 1⅓ in. long, swollen both ends; upper end 5-keeled, tube slit ½ in. down; lobes erect, spoon- shaped; filam. toothed.
Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 6,500-8,000 ft).
=SANTALACEÆ.=
371 =Thesium Schweinfurthii= _Engl._