Part 25
Erect, 3-5 ft. high, white-woolly. Leaves sessile, ovate, pinnatisect, 2-8 in. long, spinose-incised; heads about 1 in. long, in clusters 3-4 in. diam.
No locality given (fide Mrs. Crowfoot).
=E. sp.=
Leaves not seen. Heads very large on a cone-like axis, pedicellate, pedicels covered with very long hairs.
Mongalla Prov. (Donka’s village, Sillitoe No. 202).
570 =Centaurea Calcitrapa= _Linn._ Star-thistle Centaurea.
Scabrid branched herb, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves from simple to pinnatisect, lobes linear, denticulate. Capit. heterog. (outer fl. 1-ser. larger and neuter), solitary, lateral or terminal; invol., bracts glabrous or arachnoid ending in a spreading, yellowish spine, ¾ to 1¼ in. long with a few smaller lateral ones; fl. purple.
Kordofan Prov.
=C. senegalensis= _DC._ ABU SHWEIKA (N. Kordn.)—Arab.
Coarse scabrid herb, 2 ft. high. Leaves oval, ovate or lanceolate, apiculate, denticulate, semi-amplexicaul. Capit. ovoid-globose, ½-⅔ in. thick, solitary, terminal; invol. much as above; fl. purple.
Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. (Melit & J. Marra).
The flower-heads are made into a poultice to reduce swellings.
=C. rhizocephala= _O._ & _H._
Erect hirsute herb, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves oval-oblong, sessile, 3-5 in. long. Capit. 1-1½ in. long, 3 to 9 together in trichotomous cymes terminating short radical shoots; invol. bracts ending in 3-5 short spines; outer fl. white, inner rose-coloured.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Sabbi).
=C. papposa= _Schultz Bip._
Leaves ovate-oblong, sessile, scabrid-glandular, 1½ in. long. sharply denticulate. Heads few. Bracts long-spine-tipped, pectinate at base.
Kordofan Prov. (Takari, south of Rahad).
571 =Carthamus tinctorius= _Linn._ GURDUM or ASFAR, QORTOM (Egypt)—Arab.
Erect, thistle-like herb, 2-3 ft. high. Leaves ovate-oblong, sessile, 1-3 in. long, spinulose-denticulate. Capit. ab. 1 in. thick, homog., solitary or cymose; invol. bracts foliaceous and spinescent (in wild forms); fl. orange.
Khartoum, Blue Nile and Kordofan Provinces.
Cultivated for the flowers which yield an orange dye, called safflower, and for the seeds which yield a clear, yellow, esculent oil. Poultry fatten on the seeds.
=C. leucocaulos= _Sibth._
Glabrous, white-stemmed, prickly herb, 1-1½ ft. high. Leaves pinnatifid, 1-4 in. long, lobes ovate ending in a sharp spine. Capit. terminating the end branches; inner invol. bracts lanceolate.
Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Soturba, 22° N.L.).
572 =Dicoma tomentosa= _Cass._
Cottony erect herb, 6-24 in. high. Leaves narrow-elliptic or spathulate, ½-2½ in. long. Capit. homog., ab. 14 fl., on short axillary branches and terminal; invol. bracts lanceolate with 1 spine, arachnoid or cottony; fl. white or pale yellow.
Fung Prov. (Sheik Talha); Kordofan Prov.; White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol).
The plant is used as a febrifuge, especially in fevers after childbirth.
=D. sessiliflora= _Harv._
Silvery cottony rigid herb, ab. 2 ft. high. Leaves narrow-elliptic, 3½-8 in. long. Capit. homog., sessile, on short lateral branches and terminal, solitary or few together in dense cymes; invol. bracts lanceolate with a sharp, pointed tip; fl. pale-yellow.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land, Abu Gurun).
573 =Hochstetteria Schimperi= _DC._
Tall, angular-branched herb. Leaves oval, with narrowly-winged petiole, ½-2 in. long, minutely crenate. Capit. homog.; pedunculate, terminal; invol. bracts spiny, lanceolate, subtended by shorter foliaceous bracts.
Red Sea Prov. (21°-22° N.L.).
_D. Acaulescent herb. Capitula solitary on scapes, heterogamous; ray florets ligulate, female; disk florets bilabiate, hermaphrodite._
574 =Gerbera abyssinica= _Schultz Bip._
Cottony herb; leaves oval, sinuous denticulate, 1-4 in. long. Petiole up to 1 in. long. Scapes 1-3, up to 15 in. long, shaggy. Capit. ab. 1 in. long, ligules longer than invol.
Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).
_E. Herbs, usually with milky sap. Capitula homogamous; florets all ligulate, hermaphrodite, or a few barren; ligule 5-toothed. Leaves alternate or radical._
575 =Scolymus maculatus= _Linn._
Coarse spinescent herb, 1-3 ft. high. Leaves alt., oblong, sinuous- pinnatifid, decurrent, 2-3 in. long; radical leaves spathulate, spinose dentate. Capit. yellow, sessile, terminal or lateral; invol. bracts linear-lanceolate, pointed; outer ligules black-pilose.
Kordofan Prov.
576 =Crepis Ruepellii= _Schultz Bip._
Small herb, up to 8 in. high. Leaves rosulate, oblanceolate, denticulate, ¾-4 in. long. Capit. yellow, in lax open cymes; inner invol. 8, lanceolate, glandular hairy.
Darfur Prov. (J. Marra 6,500-9,000 ft.).
577 =Lactuca taraxacifolia= _Schum._ & _Thonn._ KINTARA (Khartoum)—Arab.
Glaucescent herb, 2-6 ft. high. Leaves saw-toothed, 6 in. long by 4 in. broad; stem-leaves amplexicaul, decurrent. Capit. yellow, 20 fl., in panicled racemose cymes; inner invol. bracts 5.
Red Sea Prov.; Khartoum & Fung Provinces.
=L. goræensis= _Schultz Bip._
Erect glaucescent herb, 1-3 ft. high. Leaves pinnatifid, often saw- toothed, up to 8 by 4 in., amplexicaul, lowest decurrent. Capit. yellow in panicled racemose cymes; inner invol. bracts 8.
Kordofan Prov.
=L. Schweinfurthii= _O._ & _H._
Herb, 5 ft. high. Leaves lanceolate or lanceolate-oblong, denticulate, up to 8 in. long, semi-amplexicaul. Capit. 5-flowered, in an elongated cyme; inner invol. bracts 5.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land).
=L. capensis= _Thunb._
Glabrous herb, ½-2 ft. Leaves linear or oblong, the lower toothed- pinnatifid or entire, 3-5 in. long, the upper entire, amplexicaul- sagittate. Capit. white, yellow or blue, 11 fl., in panicled cymes.
Mongalla Prov. (Gondokoro); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).
=L. abyssinica= _Fresen._
Robust glabrous herb, 3 ft. or more high. Lower leaves pinnatifid or sinuate-dentate, upper l. linear-lanceolate, amplexicaul-auricled, up to 6 in. long. Capit. violet, fl. 10-13, in elongated cymes.
Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 6,500-9,000 ft.); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land & Niamniam-land).
=L. virosa= _Linn._
Herb, 1-3 ft. high. Leaves obovate-oblong, toothed, sagittate- amplexicaul, 1-4 in. long. Capit. yellow, fl. ab. 11, in a spreading cyme.
Kordofan Prov.
=L. sativa= _Linn._ Lettuce.
Generally cultivated.
578 =Heterachæna massaviensis= _Fresen._
Branched annual, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves toothed or pinnatifid, auricled- amplexicaul, 1½-4½ in. long. Capit. blue, fl. 9-10, in panicled corymbose cymes.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat).
579 =Picridium tingitanum= _Desf._ MALOT, MALAITA (Gezira)—Arab; AMAGAK (Renk)—Dinka.
Erect annual, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves lanceolate to obovate, undivided or pinnatifid, denticulate, sessile, cordate, 1½-6 in. long. Capit. yellow, on long peduncles dilated at the top; invol. bracts broadly ovate.
Nubia; Blue Nile Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Renk); Darfur Prov. (Kulme & J. Marra).
580 =Sonchus oleraceus= _Linn._
Coarse annual, 1½-3 ft. high. Leaves oval or oblong, undivided, toothed or pinnatifid, 1-6 in. long, denticulate, upper ones sessile- amplexicaul. Capit. yellow, many-flowered, in corymbose cymes.
Nubia; Blue Nile Prov.
The roots and leaves are used, in infusion, as a tonic and febrifuge.
=S. Bipontini= _Aschers._
Glabrous perennial; 2-4 ft. high. Leaves linear, denticulate, up to 6 in. long, auricled, sessile. Capit. yellow, fl. ab. 20, in corymbose cymes; inner invol. bracts ab. 8, linear, ultimately reflexed.
Khartoum Prov.; Fung Prov. (Singa); White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land); Bahr El Jebel (Sudd).
Is eaten as spinach.
=S. cf. S. Bipontini= _Aschers._ =var. pinnatifida= _O._ & _H._
Darfur Prov.
=S. cornutus= _Hochst._
Erect herb, ½-2 ft. high. Leaves crowded near the base, obovate, spathulate or pinnately-toothed, sessile, 1-8 in. long.
Capit. yellow, fl. 20-27, in lax cymes; inner invol. bracts 8-10, obtuse.
North Sudan (between Suakin & Berber); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol, Wad Shellai).
=S. prenanthoides= _O._ & _H._
Glaucous perennial, 1-3 ft. high. Leaves more crowded at the base, subentire, pinnatifid-dentate, lower ones amplexicaul, upper ones sessile, auricled. Capit. yellow, 20-25 flowered, cymose; inner invol. 5, scarious.
Kordofan Prov.
=LOBELIACEÆ.=
581 =Lobelia inconspicua= _Rich._
Dwarf annual, ½-1½ in. high. Leaves alt., small, oval to round. Fl. solitary, axillary, longer than leaves. Cor. 2-lipped, upper 2-lobed, lower 3-fid; st. 5, filaments united at top, 2 lower anthers bearded. Fruit a capsule.
Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit).
=L. sp.=
Herb, leafy towards the base. Leaves lanceolate, acute, 2 in. long, ¾ in. broad, serrate and densely ciliate. Flowers few, cymose. Calyx lobes ⅙ in. long.
Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.).
=L. sp. near L. senegalensis= _A. DC._
Much branched slender herb. Leaves narrowly lanceolate serrate, about 1 in. long, glabrous. Flowers on long slender pedicels, 1¼ in. in fruit. Calyx-lobes about 1/12 in. long.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).
=L. trierarchi= _R. Good._ sp. nov.
Herb. Leaves linear, denticulate, 1-1½ in. long, glabrous. Flowers few, lax, pale blue, ⅓ in. long. Calyx-lobes 1/12 in.
Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 5,000-9,000 ft.).
=CAMPANULACEÆ.=
582 =Lightfootia sp.=
Erect, slender but rigid herb. Leaves lanceolate, with wavy denticulate margins, ⅔ in. long. Flowers shortly pedicellate. Fruit obconic, 1/10 in. long.
Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).
=L. abyssinica= _Hochst._
Shrubby perennial, ab. 2 ft. high. Leaves alt., lanceolate, 1½-3 in. long. Fl. small, in narrow, cymose, branched panicles, 1 ft. or more long. Cor. deeply 5-lobed, ¼ in. long. Stamens 5, free, filaments dilated at base. Capsule subglobose, 5-ribbed.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).
583 =Wahlenbergia etbaica= _Vatke._
Annual, 10 in. high, hispid below. Leaves alternate, ovate-lanceolate, 2 in. long. Fl. small, white, terminal or lateral, distant. Cor. lobes 5, short and broad; stamens 5, free; capsules 5-valved.
Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Soturba).
584 =Sphenoclea zeylanica= _Gærtn._
Glabrous annual, 1-4 ft. high; stem fleshy. Leaves alt., linear- lanceolate, 1-6 in. long. Fl. small, greenish-yellow, in dense bracteate spikes, 1-3 in. long; cor. campanulate, 3-lobed; anthers free; capsule depressed globose.
White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Upper White Nile Prov. (Kio); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shambé, Niamniam-land: Atasilla River).
585 =Campanula dimorphantha= _Schwfth._
Pubescent annual, 6-9 in. high. Leaves alt., crenulate-dentate, ovate to linear-lanceolate, 1 in. long. Fl. dimorphic, fertile ones minute, apetalous, cymose, sterile ones solitary, ½ in. long; cor. blue; stigma 3-5-fid. Capsule crowned by persistent calyx lobes.
Nubia (Farek); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra).
=C. rigidipila= _Steud._ & _Hochst._
Perennial herb, 6-12 in. long, with long rigid hairs. Leaves crowded, elliptic-lanceolate to obovate, ¼-1 in. long. Fl. blue, solitary and terminal, 5-merous, ab. ½ in. diam.; stigma 3-5-fid; capsule as above.
Darfur Prov. (J. Marra 6,500-9,000 ft.).
=GENTIANACEÆ.=
586 =Belmontia sp.=
Tiny herb, 3 in. high. Leaves very small, opposite. Flowers on long stalks, white.
Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).
587 =Faroa pusilla= _Baker._
Dwarf herb, ab. 1½ in. high. Leaves elliptic to lanceolate, ¾-1 in. long, lower in a rosette, cauline opposite. Fl. minute, white, 4-merous, in dense terminal or axillary clusters. Capsule small, subglobose.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Gir).
588 =Enicostema littorale= _Blume._
Herb, 4-8 in. high. Leaves opp., linear or lanceolate, ¾-3 in. long, sessile. Fl. in axillary clusters along the stem, minute, 5-merous.
Nuba Mts. Prov. (towards Takale).
Possesses much bitterness and is used as a stomachic. It is also tonic and laxative.
589 =Canscora decussata= _Roem._ & _Schultes._
Erect herb with 4-winged stem. Leaves opp., lanceolate, ½ in. long. Cymes lax, terminal; cor. white or pale pink, small, lobes 4; stamens 4, 1 perfect. Capsule ¼-in. long.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land).
The plant is a laxative and alterative, much praised as a nervine tonic.
=C. diffusa= _R. Br._
Erect herb with 4-angled stems, ½-2 ft. high, less robust than above. Leaves opp.; upper ovate, acute, short, lower narrowed to base, ⅓-1½ in. long. Fl. numerous, in a lax, cymose panicle; cor. pink, small; st. unequal. Capsule small.
Nubia; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land: Kuddu).
590 =Neurotheca loeselioides= _Oliv._
Small annual with 4-angled stem. Leaves opp., lower lanceolate or ovate- lanceolate, ⅓-¾ in. long, upper linear to lanceolate, shorter. Fl. solitary, rarely 2, in each axil; calyx 8-ribbed, ⅙ in.; cor. pale blue, ab. ¼ in. long; lobes 4, short; st. 4, unequal. Capsules small.
Bahr El Jebel (Madi).
591 =Limnanthemum niloticum= _Kotschy_ & _Peyr._
Aquatic herb; stems erect or runner-like with alt. or sub-opp. leaves or resembling petioles (false petioles). Leaves orbicular with a deep sinus at base, 1-4 in. diam.; false petiole bearing a cluster of 4-8 fl. a little below the leafblade; cor. yellow; tube with 5 tufts of hair at the middle, lobes long ciliate. Fr. subglobose, 7-10 seeded.
White Nile Prov. (near Abba Island); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land, Jur-land, etc.).
592 =Swertia cf. S. abyssinica= _Hochst._
Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 9,000 ft.).
=PRIMULACEÆ.=
593 =Anagallis arvensis= _Linn._ SABUNGHEYT, AIN EL JENEL & LUBBUN—Arab. The Common Pimpernel.
Diffuse glabrous herb. Leaves opposite, sessile, ovate or elliptic- lanceolate. Fl. solitary, axillary, red, rose or blue, 5-merous; capsule globose, splitting transversely round the middle.
Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Khors Gwob & Tamanib, Erkowit & Has Has); Fung Prov.
The plant is used in cerebral affections, leprosy, hydrophobia, dropsy, etc. Said to be poisonous to dogs.
594 =Samolus Valerandi= _Linn._
Glabrous herb, up to 3 ft. high, with radical and cauline obovate leaves. Fl. in terminal and axillary panicles, small, white, 5-merous; stamens nearly sessile in cor. tube; capsule 5-valved.
Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit).
=PLUMBAGINACEÆ.=
595 =Statice axillaris= _Forsk._ Sea Lavender.
Low, seaside undershrub. Leaves alt., oblanceolate to spathulate, fleshy, 1-2 in. long; flowering-stem ½-1 ft. high. Fl. purple and pink, in unilateral bracteate panicled spikes.
Red Sea Prov. (Littoral).
596 =Plumbago zeylanica= _Linn._ TERMIS—Hadendowa.
Scandent undershrub. Leaves alt., ovate-lanceolate, 1½ to 4 in. long. Fl. in terminal spikes; calyx tubular 5-toothed, covered with stalked viscous glands; cor. white, salver-shaped; tube exserted; capsule membranous, enclosed by persistent calyx.
Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov. (valleys near Turra); Nuba Mts. Prov. (El Mareikib); Darfur Prov. (J. Burkin: Suruj District & 35 m. N.E. of El Fasher); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Dukuttu & Niamniam-land).
It is cultivated in gardens as an ornamental plant. The root is said to have vesicant and tonic properties. In the Congo the macerated leaves and lime juice are used for blisters.
=PLANTAGINACEÆ.=
597 =Plantago lanceolata= _Linn._
Herb. Leaves lanceolate in a radical rosette. Peduncles long, slender; heads globose or oblong; bracts ovate, as long as calyx; sepals 4, 2 outer hairy; cor. lobes 4, ovate, spreading; st. 4, twice as long as cor.; anthers versatile. Caps. 2-seeded.
Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, 21° N.L.).
=P. stricta= _Schousb._
Herb, 6-12 in. high. Leaves opp. or whorled, narrowly linear. Heads many to a stem, globose, on ascending peduncles; bracts ovate, longer than calyx; sepals 4, oblong, ⅛ in. long; cor. lobes small, ovate; st. 4, short; caps. 2-seeded.
Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, 21° N.L.); Between Atbara & Red Sea.
=P. ciliata= _Desf._
Herb, about 1½ in. high, with radical obovate-oblanceolate acute leaves softly woolly all over. Peduncles half as long as the leaves, about ¾ in.; heads oblong or ellipsoid, ⅓-½ in. long; bracts ovate.
Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, 21° N.L.).
=HYDROPHYLLACEÆ.=
598 =Hydrolea floribunda= _Kotschy_ & _Peyr._
Branched riverside herb. Leaves alt., linear, ½-2½ in. long. Fl. in dense cymose, 6-8 in. long panicles, 5-merous; cor. blue; lobes ¼ in. long; filaments dilated at base into 2 upcurved auricles. Capsule ellipsoid, 1/7 in. long.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land, Dar Fertit, Banks of the Jur River).
=H. graminifolia= _A. W. Bennett._
Marsh herb, 2-4 ft. high. Leaves alt., linear, 2-3 in. long. Flowers corymbose, cymose panicles 3-8 in. long; cor. blue, lobes ¼ in. long; stamen filaments dilated to a deltoid-ovate base. Capsule globose or ellipsoid, ⅙ in. long.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (near Badari’s).
=H. macrosepala= _A. W. Bennett._
Marsh herb, 8-24 in. high. Leaves alt., lanceolate to linear, 1-2 in. long. Panicles lax, few-flowered, 3-12 in. long; sepals cordate-ovate, ¼ in. long, enlarged in fruit; cor. blue, shorter than calyx. Capsule ⅙ in., subglobose.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).
=BORAGINACEÆ.=
599 =Cordia abyssinica= _R. Br._ AZANAYA (Baggara), TUMBAREIB (N. Kordn.), INDERAB, or INDERAB ENTAYA (Fung), GAMBIL & GIMBIL (Gallabat)—Arab; KWAKELANG (Dilling), ZAN (Rashad-Talodi) & KUII (J. Eliri)—Nuba; BANJAM—Hameg.
Medium-sized to large tree. Leaves alt., ovate or suborbicular, up to 7 in. long. Cymes scorpioid (as in all this family) forming a terminal panicle; calyx tubular, 10-furrowed; cor. white, funnel-shaped, ¾ in. long; style twice forked; fruit ovoid, ½ in. diam., smooth.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: near Gendua River); Blue Nile Prov. (near Abu Shendy); Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Kordofan Prov. (Bara); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra: Niurnya 6,500 ft.); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shambé & Deim Zobeir).
Heartwood yellowish brown, polishes well, known in Khartoum as Sudan Teak and used for cabinet work. Fruit edible.
=C. Holstii= _Gürke._
Tree, 20 ft. high. Leaves alt., suborbicular, subcordate, 3-5 in. long, densely yellow-tomentose beneath. Cymes 3-5 flowered, in lax terminal panicles; cor. white, ¾ in. long; calyx 4-5 toothed, shallowly 10-furrowed; stamens 4-5; style twice-forked.
Fung Prov. (Roseires).
=C. ovalis= _R. Br._
Shrub or small tree; outer bark crustaceous, peels off exposing young green-coloured bark. Leaves ovate to suborbicular, 2-3 in. long, reddish pubescent beneath. Panicles terminal, dense, shorter than leaves; calyx irregularly toothed, not furrowed, ¼ in.; cor. 4-5 lobed, nearly ½ in. long; style bipartite nearly to base.
Darfur Prov. (J. Serg); Bahr El Ghazal Prov.; Bahr El Jebel (Gigging).
=C. crenata= _Del._ INDERAB—Arab; BIZU—Hameg.
Low tree. Leaves alt., obovate-cuneate, 2-3 in. long, crenate or upper half entire. Cymes few-flowered; calyx tubular-campanulate, not sulcate, silky inside; cor. ½ in. long; style bipartite. Fr. ovoid, ½ in. long on enlarged, woody, crenate calyx.
Blue Nile Prov. (near Sheikh Talha); Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Fertangul).
=C. Rothii= _Roem._ & _Schultes._ MUNDERAB (N. Kordn.), INDERAB & INDERAB GIMBIL (Baggara) & GIMBIL (White Nile)—Arab; KUGULI (Dilling)—Nuba; CHAWDAW & SHADASHU—Bari; KAIT (L. Powendael), AKOIT (Bor), KIAT or SHAT or SHAT-AKOG (Kenissa), AKOG (Renk) & AKOSH (Kaka)—Dinka; BIZU—Hameg; NIOT or NYUAT—Nuer; GOI—Shilluk.
Small tree. Leaves subopp., oblanceolate or oblong, up to 3 in. long. Cymes terminal; cor. white, ¼ in. long; style arms club-shaped. Fruit ovoid, orange, on saucer-shaped enlarged calyx.
Throughout the greater part of the Sudan.
Heartwood brown, slightly scented like Sandal wood and used as a substitute for it. The small orange berry has a sweet pulp and is eaten. The bast yields a strong fibre. A gum exudes from wounds.
600 =Ehretia Braunii= _Vatke._
Shrub or small tree with grey striate bark. Leaves alt., oval or obovate-oblong, emarginate, 1 in. long. Fl. in scorpioid cymose panicles; cor. white, tipped purple, ¼ in. long, lobes and stamens 4-7; style bifid. Fr. a globose drupe.
Mongalla Prov.
=E. Stuhlmannii= _Gürke._ OWI—Bari.
Small tree. Leaves alt., up to 4 in. long and 2¼ in. broad, oval, acute or subacuminate, rough above, velvety pubescent beneath. Cymes long- peduncled in axils of upper leaves; fl. 5-merous; cor. tube minute, lobes reflexed, white; stamens long-exserted; style 2-lobed to the middle. Drupe small, globose.
Mongalla Prov. (Sheikh Tombé to Gigging).
601 =Coldenia procumbens= _Linn._ YAKADI—Bari.
Procumbent hairy herb. Leaves alt., oblong, crenate, plicate, 1 in. long, upper smaller. Fl. solitary, axillary, or upper ones in secund spikes, 4-merous; cor. ¼ in. long, 4-lobed. Fr. mitre-like, depressed- globose, ⅙ in. diam., glandular-hairy.
Blue Nile Prov.; Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov. (Jebelein); Nuba Mts. Prov. (Rashad); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov.; Bahr El Jebel (Madi).
Equal parts of the dry plant and fœnu-greek seeds, rubbed to a fine powder and applied warm to boils, quickly causes them to suppurate. The fresh leaves, ground up, are applied to rheumatic swelling.
602 =Heliotropium supinum= _Linn._ GHUBEYRA—Arab.
Hairy decumbent herb. Leaves opp. or alt., oval or oblong, crenate, up to 1½ in. long. Fl. in simple or forked scorpioid spikes, 5-merous, small. Fruit of 1-2 nutlets, brown, enclosed in persistent, hairy calyx.
Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov. (Salati); Kordofan Prov. (Hogel).
=H. undulatum= _Vahl._ GHAREIR (N. Kordn.)—Arab.
Bristly herb. Leaves alt., oblong to lanceolate, 2½ in. long, undulate. Spikes many, short, dense scorpioid; fl. minute, 5-merous. Fr. globose, sub-2-winged, nutlets 4.
Red Sea, Khartoum, Blue Nile, White Nile & Kordofan Provinces.
=H. rariflorum= _Stocks._
Woody perennial, white tomentose. Leaves alt., linear, small, sessile, bristly-hairy. Spikes 3-5 flowered; fl. minute; nutlets 4, hispid.
Red Sea & Mongalla Provinces.
Administered externally and internally for snake-bite.
=H. strigosum= _Willd._
Perennial with appressed white bristly hairs. Leaves alt., linear or linear-lanceolate, up to 1¼ in. long. Scorpioid spikes lax, 3 in. long; fl. minute; nutlets 4.
Red Sea Prov. (from 21° N.L. southwards); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol & Jebelein); Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur & Niamniam lands); Mongalla Prov.
Used as a laxative or diuretic. The juice is used for snake-bite; as an application in ophthalmia and also for promoting suppuration of gum- boils and to hasten healing of wounds and ulcers.
=H. Steudneri= _Vatke._
Woody perennial with dense appressed white hairs. Leaves alt., ovate- lanceolate, 1¼ in. long. Scorpioid spikes short, dense; fl. 5-merous, minute; nutlets 4.
Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit).
=H. longiflorum= _Hochst._ & _Steud._
Woody perennial with appressed white hairs. Leaves alt., lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, up to 2-3 in. long. Spikes lax, sometimes up to 6 or 9 in. long; cor. ab. ⅙ in. long, densely pubescent outside; nutlets 4.
Red Sea Prov. (Khor Tamanib, Erkowit & Wadi Omareg).
=H. zeylanicum= _Lam._ UM MANAKHIR (N. Kordn.), DAFARA (Egypt)—Arab.
Woody perennial. Leaves alt., linear or lin.-lanceolate, 1-3 in. long, with bulbous-based hairs. Spikes lax, finally 6-9 in. long; cor. ¼ in. long, lobes 5, caudate-acuminate; nutlets 4.
Red Sea, Khartoum, Blue Nile, & Kordofan Provinces.
=H. indicum= _Linn._
Erect pilose annual. 1-3 ft. high. Leaves opp. and alt., ovate, sinuate, up to 4 in. long; petiole 2 in. long, narrowly-winged, spikes usually simple, ab. 5 in. long; cor. 5-lobed, lilac or white. Fr. deeply 2-lobed, each lobe with a short bidentate beak and made up of 2 nutlets.
Fung Prov.
=H. pallens= _Del._
Erect annual, 2 ft. high, branching, grey-woolly. Leaves ovate, up to 2 in. long. Spikes simple or forked in a terminal, sometimes leafy panicle; cor. white, ¼ in. long; nutlets 4.
Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.); Dongola Prov. (Omda); Berber Prov. (El Damer); Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Sobat mouth); Darfur Prov.
=H. ovalifolium= _Forsk._ RHIMTA (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab; AGANAMA (Meshra El Zeraf)—Dinka.
Widely-branched, silky, pubescent herb. Leaves alt., obovate or elliptic, ⅓-1 in. long. Spikes numerous, dense, finally 2-3 in. long; calyx minute, 1 lobe broader; cor. small; nutlets 4, hispid.
Halfa Prov.; Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Berber Prov.; Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; White Nile & Upper White Nile Provinces (Geteina to Sobat mouth); Kordofan & Darfur Provinces.
=H. europæum= _Linn._ KEREIRA (Blue Nile) & DUKHAN EL AZABAT—Arab.
Erect herb, with short whitish hairs. Leaves alt., oblong-rhomboidal. Spikes dense, finally lax and 2 in. long; fl. minute, very hairy; nutlets 4, rugose.
Blue Nile Prov. (Gezira).
Eaten by goats.
=H. pterocarpum= _Hochst._ & _Steud._
Slender short herb, densely hispid. Leaves alt., oblong, small, crisped on the margin. Scorpioid spikes short, dense; fl. 5-merous; calyx lobes free nearly to base, ¼ in. long; cor. small; nuts glabrous, cohering in pairs, winged.
Red Sea Prov. (near Erkowit).
=H. arbainense= _Fresen._
Short, much branched perennial with soft whitish hairs. Leaves alt., ovate or oblong, small. Spikes dense, finally 2-3 in. long; calyx glandular-hairy; cor. tube exserted. Nutlets 4, rugose, glabrous.
Coast of Nubia.
603 =Trichodesma physaloides= _A. DC._
Tuberous-rooted herb, 1-2 ft. high, hirsute or glabrous. Leaves usually opp., sessile, ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, 1½-4 in. long, with white tubercles, especially on upper surface. Panicle cymose, terminal, lax; calyx at first ½ in. long, subglobose, 1 in. long in fruit; cor. up to 1½ in. diam., white or blue, or white with blue spots in the throat, or blue with yellow spots; anthers densely pilose on back. Nuts 4.
Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Deim Zubeir & Mattu-land).
=T. africanum= _R. Br._ HARRĪSH (N. Kordn.)—Arab.
Herb, up to 3 ft. high. Leaves opp. or alt., ovate or ovate-oblong, up to 5 in. long, with scattered white bulbous-based hairs on both surfaces. Panicle many-flowered, terminal; fl. 5-merous; cor. blue, with 5 purple spots in the throat, under ½ in. long; anthers with apical twisted horns; nutlets 4, scabrid, spiny.
Red Sea Prov. (Khor Ashat); Khartoum Prov. (J. Royan); Kordofan Prov. (North).
The leaves are used as diuretic.
=T. Bentii= _Baker_ & _C. H. Wright._
Densely hispid herb, 1 ft. high. Leaves opp., ovate, 2½ in. long, bulbous-based hairs added above to the others. Cymes panicled, terminal; fl. 5-merous; cor. ⅓ in. diam., lobes triangular-acuminate; anthers pilose on back, spirally awned.
Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, 21° N.L., sea-coast to between 3,000 to 4,000 ft.).
=T. zeylanicum= _R. Br._