Part 41

[Note: There are _four_ roots in Kab. with the radicals _ks_: (1.) _Ekkes_, aufer, exue; _ikkes_, exuit. (2.) _Eks_, pasce (pecus); _iksa_, pavit; _ikes_, pascit. (3.) _Ikes_, pupugit, momordit (serpens). (4.) _Eksu_, plica; _iksa_, plicuit; _ikessu_, plicat. To the 3rd I refer Delaporte’s _confregit_ arbores ventus. I have tried to resolve (2.) and (3.) into _vulsit, carpsit_. See also _iks_ in 167.; _ekos_, 213.

_Atkal_ at first seems to be the Arabic _thaqal_; but Ben Músa spells it with simple _k_, not _ḳ_. Yet _atkēl_, government.

In Ghad. _jejāq_ means laden. We have here a root _gag, gak_ or _gagh_, meaning to heap or load; frequentative, _jejegh_. _Otāgergh_ is present tense (for _otāgeghagh?_), and _etajejjegh_ apparently the frequentative.]

99. _I take the load (from the camel)_, etakōzagh ilălen; ezózebagh ilălen (fel amĕnis).

_I put on the (horse’s) saddle_, nek ekĕral alakīf; nek esewăragh alakīf.

_Put the saddle on_, sūar elakīf.

_I take the saddle off_, ekássagh elakīf. (98.)

[Note: _Etakōzagh_ might seem to mean, “I come down,” but it is here causative: as _ezózebagh_ for _esózebagh_, because (I suppose) _s_ becomes _z_ through the proximity of the other _z_. The roots _kōz, gōz, zob_ are named in 62.

_Fel_ (upon) is used both of taking down and putting up.

_Ekeralagh?_ _ekeral_, gird? In 160. _ireled_, he girded, which perhaps should be _igheled_.

_Sewar_, put on; and _et-awaragh_, I collect (102.), seem to be akin. But see _owar_, in 113.]

100. _I seek, look for_, étăragh. (88.)

_What do you look for?_ ma tetúrret?

_Search well_, ummagh hullen. (31.)

_I entreat, beg_, etāragh [another form of the present, for etétăragh?].

101. _I send_, esōkegh.

_I call for_, ágaragh [ágheragh?]

_Call him_, ágĕret [agherēt?]

_I show_, esekĕnagh. [point out].

_Show me the road_, sekenāhi abarraka.

_I do not show you_, nek war esekenaghak.

[Note: _Isōka_, he sends, is possibly the causative of _ika_, he passed; fem. _tōka_.

_War esekenaghak_. Here, as in 105., the power of _war_ to attract the accus. pron. is neglected. Elsewhere, as in 106., 129, we have the Kabáíl or normal order.]

102. _I collect_, etawaragh.

_I hid [stored up?]_ etwāragh.

_I cover (my face with my hands)_, haragh.

[_We met there?_], nemōkas dis.

_Where did ye meet him?_ kawenit ēdagh atamókasem rōris? [_Vos, quo loco convenistis ad eum?_]

_The people gather in one place_, idĭnet yemókăsen s edeg íyen.

[Note: _Imōkas_ is the only instance I have observed of _s_ and _r_ interchanging. In Brosselard we read _imugger_ and _imigger_, convēnit. In Delaporte the _g_ becomes _ḳ_. There is also in Kabáíl _imger_, he reaped, and _imger_, it was thrown; passive, from _ger_.]

103. _The market is full_, ewúet yétkar.

_The people go asunder_, idĭnet íbbedā.

_The tribe is scattered_, tausit tesímande.

[Note: Elsewhere, _asímande_, with a torn dress; _témminde_ (the tribe) is extirpated: _ezzud ímmende_, our provisions are gone. These three suggest that tearing and rending are the essence of a root _ímende_. But as this word means (the food) _is finished_, (see 91.), possibly all belong to the root _imĕda_, 36.]

104. _I [we?] salute you_, nigerak es sălām.

_Salute him_, ágĕras es sălām.

_I seize your hand_, aṭāfagh afōs enik.

_I embrace him_, ekúllĕghas.

_He fell on his neck, and kissed him_, yūdar fel erinnis ahāsi timullut.

_I embrace his knees, (and) kiss them_, nekŏdēgh fel fadénnis, ahāsen e timúllut.

_A kiss_, tamōlit [tamōlirt: tamōlight?].

_I kiss_, emólĕragh [emólĕghagh?].

[Note: _Ager-as_; either “_throw_ salute,” from _ger_, or “_cry out_ salute,” from _gher_; _aghĕras_. See 101.

_Ekull_, cherish thou? See _ekōl_ in 82. Different are _ikel_ (?), he marched, _iggel_, he turned aside, _igla_, he broiled: roots liable to confusion. Also _kūlet_ in 65.

_Odēgh_, I fall? _nōdagh_, we fall (71.), _war tidu_, lest thou fall; if to be so written denote a root. _Idu_ (compare _dau_, under.) But if _tidu_ is untrustworthy, _adar_, or rather _aṭar_, is the root; in Kab. to go down.

_Faden (ifaden?)_ pl. of _afōd_, knee?

_Aha_-sen. _Aha_ = _Aga_ of 39?

_Imōler (imōlegh)_, he kisses?]

105. _I follow thee_, nek elkamăkay.

_Follow him_, elkemt.

_I obey or follow_, nek elilal [elilagh].

_Does El Khadĭr obey the orders of Alkúttabu?_ El Khadír elīl Alkúttăbu?

_He does not obey him_, war ýilkĕmit.

_I refuse to submit to thee_, nek ugarăghak sérhu.

_That tribe has revolted against their chief_, tausit tādagh (tindegh) _irhēt_ amanōkal nissen.

[Note: _Elkem_ in Kab. “arrive.” Qu. may _ilkem_, “pertinuit,” explain the double use?

_Serhu_, victory, primacy. _Yūgar_ (Shilha and Kab.) “it exceeds,” and so once (I think) in Barth. Thus _ugaraghak serhu_ may seem to mean “supero tibi præstantiam.”

_Irhēt_. Barth suspects it should be “_war irhēt_,” loves not. Final _t_ is then useless. May not _t_ be radical, and _irhat_ mean _dejecit, excussit_?

_Amanōkal_, chief. _Tinmokolen_, they invest their chief, 125. _Atkēl_, government (spelt تكل by Ben Músa). These words, with the term “kél,” seem peculiar to Temáshight.]

106. _Help me!_ dehelāhi.

_I help you_, edehelaghak.

[Note: _Idĕhel_, he helped?]

107. _Make place [for me]_, shinkĕshin félle.

108. _I honour you_, esimgharăghak.

_He has not honoured me_, warhi isimghar.

[Note: _Isimghar_ (he made great), as in Kab. is from the root _meḳḳur_, great; the _k_ becoming _gh_ in the causative, as in some other verbs.]

109. _I bear witness to you_, egehăghak.

_Bear me testimony_, gehāhi.

_I swear_, ehādagh [_I swore?_].

_I swear_, ohādagh.

_I swear falsely_, ehādagh-s-bāho.

_He swore falsely_, yehad-s-bāho.

_I make peace between them_, etĕnagh tináhăren [_I speak goodness? protection?_].

[Note: _Geh_, “testify thou,” shows the root of the Kab. _inige(h)_, a witness; in Shilha also _engi_.

_Tináhărēn_ is explained by Barth as “protection” and also “goodness.” Combine it with _ehĕri_, wealth, and perhaps with Arab. _kheir_, good, since _khĭr_ is common in Kab.]

110. _I go to law_, esherragh. (_Arab._)

————, nek amisten.

_I overcome you at law_, irnēghak se sheríat.

_I am cast in a suit_, etiwarnagh; (_the money is lost_), éhĕri inekshe.

[Note: _Irna_ (Kab.), superavit, _irnu_, superfuit; two verbs which are hard to keep separate. (_Irna_ in Venture is, il triomphe.) Here we have active and passive, _irnēgh_, superari, _etiwarnagh_, superatus sum. See the preliminary remarks.

_Inekshe_, strictly, I think, “is eaten;” a sort of Niphal passive, from _ekshe_.]

111. _I praise_, egeriddagh.

—— (_thee?_), nek elakádăkay.

_I praise God_, gŏdēr Mesí [gŏdēgh?].

_I promise to you safe conduct; I engage to you my faith_, egishĕrak alkawel.

_I will not betray (you)_, war ighadaragh.

_I break faith (with thee)_, nek irkshēdak alkawel.

_He has broken faith (with me)_, enta irkshedāhi alkawel: arzar da alkawel.

[Note: On _egerid_ (_egherid?_), see 29.

_Elakádăkay_, from _ilakad?_

_Egisherak_, or _egishegh-ak?_ I enter to thee.

_Alkawel_ is corrupt Arabic. _Ghadar_ also is Arabic.

_Irkshed_ seems a mistake for _ighshen_ (a participial form), “deceiving” (see 115.), from Arabic _ghesh_, decepit.

_Arzar_: _irza_, he broke.]

112. _I have made him confess by some means or other_, nek esleákak estiwit tézar alaretāhi gaway ōkar.

_I deny_, odelagh.

(_I refuse to you?_), nek odélakay, odélagh el khēr innek.

_I refuse to you_, nek endarākay.

_I punish you_, nek akazábăkay.

_He has refused (to) me_, indarāhi.

[_He refused to me speech concerning it?_], indarāhi meggered sirs.

[Note: _Yōdel_, he denied?

_Indar_, he refused. So 218.

_Azab_, seems to be Arab. _ʿaḍab_, torment: but what is _ak_ before it? Does _k_ replace lost _ain_?]

113. _Pardon me!_ enshāhi.

_I pardon you_, enshāghak.

_Pardon me, O Lord!_ e Mesī, takfūt felle.

_Ransom him_, sókălas téffĕdaut enís.

_I wrong you_, nek ówaradakay [ówara_n_akay?].

_Thou wrongest me_, tówaradāhi.

[Note: _Insha_, he pardoned, recalls Arab. _nesa_, he forgot.

_Takfūt_, “thou hast forgiven,” as from _akfū_. The _k_ is a corruption of _ain_, from Arabic _ʿafu_.

_Teffedaut_, ransom, from Arab. _feda_.

_Sókălas_, return (repay) for him. See 25.

_Owar_, injure thou (?). _Towaraṭ_, 2nd pers.]

114. _I doubt, hesitate, am mistaken_, nek amdíggeg.

_I am not mistaken as to what I said_, nek war amdíggeg tidid, au annēgh.

_Sins_, pl. ibakkăden.

_I commit sin_, nek eger [egegh] ebăkeṭ. [_Ghad._ Bekkăden, _sins_.]

_I am authorised_, egelāyegh.

_I have been longing for you_, ezóweragh.

[Note: _Tidid_, true? truth?

_Au_ = _awwa_, that which.

_Ezoëragh_, from Arab. _zōr_, violence?]

115. _I disturb you_, nek ashelánakay.

_You disturb me_, ke teshledāhi: ke tekesadāhi makăna nawa kannak.

_Let me alone_, aiyāhi; (_trouble me not_), war shillāhi.

_I tickle_, nek akerittegh (témandan).

[Note: _Shela_, disturb, bustle. See _oshel_, 55. _Akeritti_ (tickle thou?). In Kab. _ekreṭ_, rake, scrape. Below, _karrauet_ is torn.]

116. _I envy thee_, nek munshéghakay.

_ʿAbidín envies Bakáy on account of [the Ulíye]_, ’Abidín emunshagh El Bakáy fel temust innis.

_I cheat you, betray you_, nek ghadárakay (_Arab._), nek ighdáraghak.

_Thou hast cheated me_, taghdarredāhi.

[Note: _Imunshegh_, he envied; _amōshagh (amonshagh?)_, envious.

_Fel_, upon; _temust_, affair.]

117. _I steal_, ókăragh. (So _Kab._)

_Theft_, tōkar (and _tékăra_k, below).

_A thief_, amkarā_d_. (So _Kab._)

_Thieves have stolen my camel_, imakarāden ōkaren amĕnis eni.

_The Kel-ulli are expert in stealing_, Kel-ulli idábabén dag tékăra_k_.

_I seduce_ (?), nek takáră_s_ak.

_That man has seduced the woman_ (?), halis adagh etákara_s_ tamándant.

[Note: _Yūkar, yōkar_, he stole, seems to have secondary verbs, _yekarad, yekarak, yekaras_.

_Tamandant_ = _tamattut_ of Kab.? The form does not seem to recur.

_Ikaras_ in the Prodig. S. is used for _igharas_, he slaughtered.]

118. _I take vengeance_, nek azālagh eráni.

_Vengeance is sweet_, tamăzilt-n-era tazēd.

_He has revenged on them the blood of his father_, izel dassen áshĕni-n-shís.

_I beat you_, nek wātak.

_He beat him, till the blood came out_, yawat, har tegmad áshen.

[Note: _Erā_, the debt of blood. _Azal_ was at first written by Barth as with ص. I suspect it is here سال, and means demand. _Zal_ is of many roots in Kab.

_Azēd, azīd_, sweet.

_Áshĕni_, blood, is nearly as in Hausa. In Kab. we find _idemmin_, as if Arabic pl.

_Shi_ or _ti_, father.

_Yawat_, “he beat,” is the root, as in Kab. _Tegmad_ (with adverbial _d_ final), from _igem_, he went out; Temght, not Kab.]

119. _I imprison_, ergellagh (awādagh iyen).

_A prison_, ehe-n-errĕgal.

_I put in chains_, egegh ásĕsar dar erinnis [_I do a chain on his neck_].

_I put a waistchain on his back, a handcuff on his hands_, gegh teshim dar darannis, gegh tiyat dar afasánnis.

[Note: _Irĕgel_, he imprisoned?

_Erī_, neck (in Kab.); _fel erinnis_, on his neck (Prodig. Son). _Dar_ (= _daffir_, back? see the prepositions). _Ifasan_, hands. I infer that _ásĕsar_ is a collar or neckband, _teshim_, a waistchain, _tiyat_, a handcuff.]

120. _I circumcise_, nek emánkăden, (_particip._)

_Circumcised_, imankad, _pl._ imankăden.

_I castrate_, nek emeleägh.

121. _I wound somebody_, sabáyăsagh awādem.

_He is wounded_, abōyis (?)

_Wounded_, anasbāyas.

[Note: From 129., _buyis_ (or _aboyis_?), a wound. The causative verb is _sabayas_, wound thou; the passive (or Niphal), _inebuyis_, he was wounded. Also _anasbāyas_ (particip.), wounded.

_Awādem_, from Heb. and Arab. _adam_, man.]

122. _I box the ear_, asíttegh.

_I slap the face_, edebarāhagh.

_I kick, stamp with the foot_, terséllădagh.

_I strike with the knee_, nek tesmen kássădagh.

_I give a foil_, nek esíllăras [esíllăghas].

[Note: _Ibarāh_, he slapped? (_Ibarāgh_, he treated insolently?) See _Abărāgh_ in 138.]

123. _I wrangle_, nek táyĕragh shélkĭkān.

_I cut (off)_ his _head_, nek tesúggŏrast [tesúggŏgh-as-t].

_Strangle thou (him)_, orëa-s.

_I strangle (him)_, nek oréägh-as.

[Note: _Isugg_, he cut off?

_Orëa_, strangle, may be compared with _eri_, neck, Kab. and in 119.]

124. _I go to war_, iggelēgh dagh égĕhen. [Egehen, _an inroad_, or _military expedition_.]

_The people gather_, idĭnet tidauen.

_They intend an expedition_, yebōken égĕhen.

_They deliberate_, emsākan mēden.

[Note 124, 125.: _Igĕle_, he went or set off, seems to me the same root as _tekĕli_, starting setting off, which in Kab. is _tikli_ or _thikli_. I ventured to propose writing the verb _ikĕli_ (see 232.), and regarded _sikel_ (travel) as its causative (viz. cause to go, _i.e._ make the beasts start); as Arab. _sūḳ_. But Barth insists that _igĕle_ is necessarily sounded with _g_, and _tekkĕli, sikkel_ with _k_.

_Idĭnet_; Arab. _dunia_, world? The word pervades North Africa.

_Emsākan_ seems to have _m_ as a reciprocal form.

_Mēden_, men, as in Kab.]

125. _They are about to start_, yebōken tékĕli.

_The expedition takes horse_, égĕhen írkeb. (_Arab._)

_They invest their chief_, tinmókolen amanōkal nissen.

_The expedition left_, egĕhen égĕle.

_We shall fight_, adeneknés. [Eknās, battle.]

[Note: _Ibōki_ is clearly used just as in Kab. _ibgha_, he will, he is about, he means; and seems to be the same word. Yet the latter is identical with Arab. _bagha_, decuit, from which I think it is borrowed. See 125.

_Inmōkel_ for _Imnōkel_? See 105.]

126. _The expedition attacked_, egĕhen óhak.

_They fell upon the cattle_, ehōkan ishítan.

_They plunder the tents_, ásfeken ihánnan.

_They take away everything_, atáfen auay ilādihen _d_er rurret (_they seize whatever (is) there_ of _the whole_.)

_They take the male and female slaves_, ígfălen íkĕlan e tikélăten.

[Note: _Ohak, ohag_, in Temght, are the root _awagh_ of Kab., but take a stronger sense. _awagh_ is “sume,” but _ohag_, “cape, rape.”

_Ehōkan_ in 127. is _óhăgen_; but perhaps they differ in tense.

_Asfeken_, I conjecture, should be _asfeghen_, they empty; from _fagh_. See 174.

_Igfal_ may seem to be the same word as _ikfel_, he ransacked. 130.]

127. _They lead away the horses_, wottan íyesan. [_They bring up?_ See _iwaṭ_ in 94.]

_They drive away the cows_, óhăgen iwan.

_—— the woolly sheep_, óhăgen tikíndemén.

_—— the (hairy) sheep_, óhăgen tíhatēn.

_—— the goats_, óhăgen ulli.

[Note: _Tihatēn_ seems to be the same word as _tighaten_, goats, from _taghat_, she-goat, in Kab. Barth also has _tarat_ (= _taghat_), she- goat; yet he is sure that _tihatēn_ means (hairy) sheep; and that _ulli_ (which in Kab. is a flock of sheep or goats) is the Temght plural for goats. In 137. _ulli_ is sheep (?). [There is no doubt that _ulli_ comprises occasionally both sheep and goats.—B.]]

128. _There was nothing but weeping of the women and children_, war akímu har tidĕdēn e iliáden immerauen dag timshagh. [N.B. e, _and_; as 126. 130.]

_They fought hard_, úsăsan ágăzar.

_They would not flee_, war ebōkan égewet. (52.)

[Note: _Akimu_ is from _iḳīm_, it rested or remained (41.); also, it remained _over_. _Har_, except.

_Immerau_, reciprocal verb, from _iru_, he sobbed; _immerauen_, they sobbed mutually.

_Agĕzar_, war. _Usăsan_ (perhaps), “they made obstinate;” Ar. _ʿasa_; which might generate a causative verb, _isasa_. But for the Arabic root, we have in Kab. _azzay_, heavy. See _azúen_ in 150.]

129. _They vanquished them only by numbers_, éntenet war tanárnen har s egōd.

_Died, who died_, amūt, awa amūt.

_Was wounded, who was wounded_, égeshēn búyĭsen, awa būyis.

_Was speared, who was speared_, égeshēn tídik, awa gíshen.

_Was smitten, who was smitten_, égeshēn tíwit awa gíshen.

_The whole tribe was extirpated_, tausit ikétĕnes témminde. (91.)

_Except a few lads who were absent_, asel harret ilíaden, war hadarīn.

_There was not one who was not wounded_, war tílle dakhsen ĕrē war nebūyis.

[Note: _War tan-arnen_. The negative _war_ attracts the pron. accus. _tan_ (them). _Arnen_, they overcame, as in Kab.

_Egōd_, multitude, as in Shilha _yeggūt_, it was numerous.

_Egishen_ seems to come from _egish_, enter or pierce. (So _egishāhi terjadauten_, cup me behind the ear, _i.e._ pierce to me the back-head.) _Idak_, he pierced with a spear, Heb. _daḳar_; Ar. _daḳḳ wat_, _i_he struck, smote. Hence _tidik_ and _tiwit_, feminine nouns.

_Erē ..._ qu. _war-erē_, ne-pas? So Kab.]

130. _Men were broken and crushed_, idĭnet arzan e dígdĕgen.

_They ransacked their villages_, atíkfĕlan emazāghe nissen.

_They took it and went away with it_, eluent, éngĕlen dĕris.

_The enemy despaired_, íshĭnge aráhăgén.

_I despair_, nek eheráhăragh.

_The whole town burns_, aghĕrim ikétĕnes irrar. (170.)

_They fled into the forest_, imár rasan ígeshen ehíshkan. [_They were broken, and entered the bushes_.]

_I flee_, nek arzēgh. [_I am broken_?]

_They make a stand_, ibdĕdan. (41.)

[Note: _Irza_, he broke; also, he was broken; but for the passive we seem presently to find _imarraz_; in Kabáíl _imrez_ and _irrez_. _Idigdeg_ or _idiggid_, he crushed; frequentative. Compare Heb. _daḳaḳ_, Ar. _daḳḳ_, to pound, &c.

_Itikfel_, present tense from _Ikfel_? See _Igfal_, in 126.

_Amazāghe_. Compare _Timshagh_, in 128.

_Yelu_, he took? (not again.)

_Ingel_, Niph. from _igĕle_? (not again). But _inghel_, it gushed out; qu. _enghĕlen_, eruperunt?

_Irahagh_, he despaired. _Ehe_ initial, marking present, is _aï_ of Kabáíl.]

131. _They gather_, isártăyen har emókăsan. [_They caused to join, until they assembled mutually_.]

_Their chief addressed them_, emegered dassen amanōkal nissen. (29.)

[Note: _Irtay_ (neuter verb), it joined; _isertay_ (active), he joined; _imirtayen_(things), mixed.]

132. _He exhorted them to defend their women_, innăsen hawánim auādagh akawen igeráwen tídĕdēn ennawen. [_He said to them ... that_ (?) _to you they set free your women_.]

_And your children_, ezafnet d íliaden nawen.

[Note: _Izaf_, naked; _izafnet_, they (fem.) are naked?

_Igerauen_, they deliver, set free? rather, _egherauen_, “laxant.” See 63.]

133. _That you may not get a bad name amongst men (?)_ ámehak wásăsen tésĕlim dar mēden.

_Up! and let us fight till we penetrate to their tents_, awar hawenjen har tasne ehanne nassen.

[Note: _Amehak_ (_ameghagh_, anquisivi, 31.).

_Wásăsen_. See _usăsan_, 128; also _tewĭsit_, tribute.

_Tesilim_, audistis.

_Ihannen_, tents.]

134. _Till we fight them at their very tents_, har dirsen tirteyam dar ehenne nessen.

_Till you drive out their women_, tesiffem tídedēn nissen.

_Take as hostages their children_, termissen arrásăsen _al_roren nissen.

_Their children are your prey_, ilíaden nissen ewunawen.

[Note: _Tirteyam_, jungamini. See 131.

_Tesiffem_, exire faciatis? See _ifay_, exiit, 141.

_Termissem_, prehendatis. _Irmes_, prehendit, as in Ghadámsi.]

135. _They raise the war-cry_, esaraurawen.

_They beat their shields_, etedérzen érehe [ághĕre] nissen.

[Note: _Nek esraurawegh_, I break through, should be _ezraurau-egh_, 190. 136. _Isaraurau_, he shouted, may be frequentative causative from _ru_, to sob, Kab. (128.)

_Iderez_, he rattled?]

136. _They form a line_, égen ăfōd.

_They make an assault_, óshĕlen insírsen.

_They have surrounded them_, raleénten, kŭbēn falássen.

_They break through them_, ibelaggénten, azraurawénten.

[Note: _Afōd_, the knee! _Egen_, see 39.

_Oshĕlen_, they hurried, 55.

_Insirsen_, they made a descent? Kab. _ires_, he went down; _sirs_, bring down.

_Raleyen_, from _iralay_, he surrounded: whence _terlaite_, around.

_Kubē_, form a circle? Compare _ḳubba_ (Heb. and Arab.), a (vaulted) sleeping chamber, an arch.

_Fal-assen_, against them.

_Ibelag_, pervasit? (Ar. _belagh_, pervenit). _Azraurau_, freq. to split (190.), from _irza_ (130.).]

137. _They have dispersed_, ábbĕdén.

_These were broken and those were broken_, arzen wuīn, arzen wuīn.

_They fled like hares_, egéwuaden shynd égewat átek temarruëlt [_instar fugæ (quam) præterit? lepus_].

_Like the sheep or goats before the wolf_, shynd ulli ishāk ebak [_instar gregis (quam) invadit lupus_].

[Note: _Abbeden_, read _abbeṭen_, or _abbeden_. Kab. _ibtu_, divisit.

_Shynd_, in Kab. and Shilha, _zund, zun_, instar.

_Egewuad, egewat_, see 52.

_Temarruelt_, a hare, from _imerewel_, run away (Hodgson’s Kab.), which is from _irwel_, he fled; Arabic, _rahhel_.

_Ebak_ or _ebēg_, a jackal.

_Ishāk_, invadit? Afterwards (220.) _ishek_, “(the lion) attacks.” Compare _shik_, quick; Kab. _zik_.]

138. _They are both afraid_, éntĕnet aneméttesen ingarmanissen.

_Let the proud champions fight_, ayet inasbarāghen ademánghan.

_(Let) the champions step forth_, síggemet étid inasbarāghen.

_(One) champion the son of Naber (Nabegha)_, anesbarāgh ineg en Nabegh.

_And (the other) champion the son of Agwi_, d anesbarāgh ineg el Agwi.

[Note: _Imettes_, he frightened? (Not again.)

_Ingarmanissen_, inter se? In Kab., _gar_, between; also _gaigar_; and _gaigarasan_, inter se.

_Ayet_, let ye, 95.

_Abărāgh_, proud; _tebarōghit_, opulence; _anesbărōgh_, man of wealth and grandeur. In Venture, _ūbĭlāgh_, bien, richesse.

_Ademánghan_, subjunctive. _Ingha_, he killed; _imangha_, he killed mutually, _i.e._ he fought.

_Siggemet_, exire facite. _Igem_, exiit, 118.

_Etid_, hither? [_Etid_, (the cold) increases.]

_Ineg_ or _inek_, son;—only in Temght?]

139. _Their countenances are as the countenances of lions_, idemawen nissen shynd idemawen éheran.

_Who are about to spring on their prey_, ainemeharnănīn abōkan ademókăsen.

_They fight hand to hand_, amáwăten.

_The son of Agwi has cut him through the left shoulder_, ineg el Agwi istak sers gerē dézar wa-n-téshĭlgēn.

[Note: _Udem_, cheek, in Venture; face, in Kab. generally; pl. _udemin_. It is also _aḳădūm_ in Kab., which suggests Heb. and Arab, _ḳedem_, front, as akin. See 81.

_Eher_, lion, is _afur_ in Ghad.

_Iharna_ seems to mean “he crouched,” see 22; although Barth has it otherwise in 222: _meharnan_, particip.

_Aina_, article or relative plural?

_Ademókasen_, occurrant (to encounter). _Ad_ marks subjunctive, as in _ademanghan_, 138.

_Iwat_, he struck: _imawat_, he struck reciprocally.

_Istak_, has gashed? has inflicted? Arab. 8th form of _sūḳ_, impulit?

_Sers_, on him? So in Kab.—Delaporte, &c.

_Gerē_, between? Kab. _gar_ (or, a wound? Arab, _jurhh_).

_Dézar_, collar bone? or, _ezar_? vein.

_Wa-n-téshilgēn_, which (is) of the left.]

140. _He parried that blow_, úhag arasset.

_(They encounter;) their swords are broken_, tamókasen, tikabawen erzĕmet.

_They throw the spears_, anemiggĕren s alăghen.

_I throw the spear_, nek egāragh alăghe.

_One and the other throw it_, igart wuay, igart wuay.

_This pierced him and that pierced him_, idakt wuay, idakt wuay.

[Note: _Uhag_, he caught, 126.

_Arasset_? before (him)? See 238.

_Tákŏba_, sword, as in Hausa.

_Erzemet_ = _Erzenet_, 3rd fem. pl.

_Iger_, he threw; _igār_, he throws, _inemigger_, he throws reciprocally; neuter verb: hence _s_, with the spear.]

141. _Both of them are wounded_, asen enissen ansabayāsen.

_The blood gushes from their wounds like a torrent_, ingay áshĕni dar búyĭsen nissen ifay shynd enji [_it comes out_ like, &c.].

[Note: _Asen enissen_, two of them.

_Ingay_, gushes, _engi_ or _enji_, a torrent, must be akin. In Kab. _inghel_, it gushed; see 174.

_Ifay_, it comes out, replaces the Kab. _ifagh_ (see 174.): hence, _tufay_, (the sun) comes out; _tufīt_, diarrhœa; _ofayen_, effunduntur (grandines).]

142. _(They) lead them from the place_, itkellénten dihen anemanghan [_they cause-them-to quit where they have fought mutually_].

_They bind up their wounds_, etellénten ibúyĭsen nissen.

_They put to them remedies_, egenassen isĕfrā.

_They die_, amūten.

[Note: _Ikelli_, he caused to quit? see 124. The form reminds one of Arabic.

_Ittal_, he swathed, wrapped, folded, wound up (so Kab.). Compare Arab. _fetel_: whence _iftel, ittel_?]

143. _They drive them back_, yékĕnten, isokalénten.

_They have extirpated [crushed?] their tribe_, irzan terērt nissen.

_I lay ambush_, nek estĕdaf.

_They have razed the whole town to the ground_, irzan ághĕrim ikétĕnes har amós shynd ákal.

[Note: _Yéken_, they pass? (_cause_ to pass).

_Isókal_, see 25.

_Terērt_, tribe: also, a cup! (Is a tribe _Ṭerīght_ = _Ṭarīḳet_?)

_Estédaf_, Arab. 8th form? _Esdef_, obscura fuit nox, Golius.

_Aghĕrim_, town. _Ikétĕnes_, all of it.— [_Some_ of it,—or, _much_ of it, one might have judged. But Barth is positive and consistent.]

_Har amós_, until it becomes?]

144. _I draw my sword from the scabbard_, erkăbagh takobāni dagar titar.

_I throw down the scabbard_, asíndaragh titar.

_I replace the sword in its case_, esókălagh tákŏba dag titar ennis.

_I draw the arrow (at him?)_, erkábăgh-as essim.

_I let fly the arrow_, egeragh s essim (_I throw_ with _the arrow_).

_I replace the arrow in the quiver_, esókălagh essim dag tatánghot.

[Note: _Irkeb_, evulsit, is native (180.): see 125. for the very different Arabic.

_Dagar, dag_; read _dagh_.

_Isindar_, he threw down? Yet _indar_, he refused (112.), and _ennādir_, often. Rather _asindaragh_ is for _asintarakgh_, from root _iṭarak_, he fell (71.); or for _asintaragh_, from _iṭar_, he went down, which is Temght as well as Kabáíl.]

145. _I load the gun_, tasáksagh el barūde.

_Is the gun loaded or not?_ el barūde asíksek? mer war asíksek?

_The left barrel is loaded_, éman teshílge tezéksak.

_The right barrel is not loaded_, éman arēl war ezéksak; _or_, war teha harret [_there is not anything_]; _or_, war ekémăret.

[Note: _Tasaksagh_ for _tasaksakgh_.

_Zéksak_, careless for _seksak_? root _saksak_, cram, press. Comp. Greek, σαγ.

_Teshílge_, differently accented in 139. 146.

_Arēl_, the right. (These two words differ from the Kab.) _Arīl-n-eshel_ is the _noon_ of day, _i.e._ the _upright_?

_Ekémăret_ is filled? It seems to me an Arabic feminine form, corrupt for _ʿamaret_, which Delaporte uses.]

146. _Give me a little powder for the eye of the gun_, ikfāhe égil gíak, dag tēt-n-el barūd.

_I fire the gun_, sínkăragh el barūd.

_I hit_, wātagh.