Part 48
[Footnote 130: All the people assured me that the preceding year the rain-fall about this time of the year had been much more considerable. They generally reckon four rainy days in March and three in April, and call this season the Nisán.]
APPENDIX VIII.
A FEW REMARKS WITH REGARD TO THE MAPS.
BY DR. A. PETERMANN.
It was originally intended to compose a full memoir on the subject of the construction of the maps showing Dr. Barth’s travels and researches; but the preparation of the drawings themselves has, up to the last moment, occupied so much time that, in order not still further to delay the publication of these volumes, an apology only for a memoir can be offered. Besides, all the native information and the itineraries, which form the substance of so considerable a portion of the two general maps, have been given at full length in the Appendices to the five volumes. It was also felt that, better than all the most elaborate disquisitions and discussions that could be advanced in such a memoir, will be the test applied to the maps by the Niger Expeditions, which for a period of five years are to proceed both up the Kwára and the Bénuwé by means of steamboats, commanded by experienced naval officers, who will set at rest the true positions of such of Dr. Barth’s points as they may be able to reach. The first expedition which was sent out to follow up Dr. Barth’s discoveries, namely the expedition up the Bénuwé in 1854, commanded by Dr. Baikie, did not, it is true, reach the point where Dr. Barth crossed that river in 1851[131]; but a second expedition will, no doubt, penetrate further. Meanwhile, the present expedition up the Kwára will, it is hoped, reach Say during the present year, and, by fixing the position of that place accurately, will offer an important point of comparison with the results of Dr. Barth’s labours.
After the foregoing remarks, it must at once be distinctly stated that Dr. Barth himself has made no astronomical observations either of latitude or longitude. The best established of Dr. Vogel’s positions, therefore, were made use of in constructing the maps, and consequently they form the basis of most of the routes connected with Múrzuk, Kúkawa, Zínder, and Yákoba. Beyond these points the routes were almost wholly laid down from dead reckoning, with the exception of those from Tripoli to Múrzuk, _viâ_ Mizda, and from Múrzuk to Ghát and Aïr, where Dr. Overweg’s observations of latitude were made available, as well as the only observation of longitude that could be made out from the fragmentary and torn remains of his papers, namely, that of the island of Belárigo in Lake Tsád.[132] It will be seen, therefore, that by far the greater portion of the countries over which Dr. Barth’s labours extend, was laid down either from dead reckoning or from computations of native routes and native information. Thus the whole route from Zínder to Timbúktu, for example, a distance by Dr. Barth’s travelling lines of upwards of 1200 English miles, had to be laid down solely from dead reckoning taken from a very accurately kept journal; and the magnetic variation had to be guessed at. Yet, despite of these shortcomings, the writer hopes that in the construction of these maps, in several of which he was greatly assisted by the original maps laid down by the traveller himself, he has not departed very widely from the truth; and he looks confidently forward to their being tested by the Niger expeditions.
A great deal has been said of late on astronomical observations in connection with African exploration, and it has—in some instances—been represented as if only those travels and explorations which were based on such observations were valuable, while all others were of no value. Assertions made thus indiscriminately are most objectionable, as a careful noting of the bearings and distances of each day’s journey, such as Dr. Barth has made, is far preferable to many astronomical observations which cannot be implicitly relied on; it is only the accurate astronomical observations which deserve to be regarded as well established points in a traveller’s route. In our own case we could adduce many striking instances of the uncertainty of occasional observations. Thus, although Dr. Vogel was an astronomer by profession, fully competent to make observations with care and accuracy; yet, in the construction of Dr. Barth’s own routes, south, south-east, and east from Kúkawa to Ádamáwa, Músgu, and Bagírmi, we saw good reason to reject all Dr. Vogel’s positions bearing upon these routes, as Ujé, Díkowa, Dilhé, Wáza, Kadé (Ádishén), &c. &c., and to prefer simply Dr. Barth’s itineraries of dead reckoning.
NOTE by Dr. Barth.—In constructing the western sheet of the general maps, no notice has been taken of the fact of Major Laing having entered the desert of Tanezrúfet in 23° 56′ N. (_Quarterly Review_, 1828, vol. xxxviii. p. 101.) But we do not know whether Laing proceeded by way of Inzíze or by some other route. It is, however, not improbable that Aúlef, the starting point of those routes, lies about twenty miles further south.
The identification of Bot-hadíye with Bakel on the Senegal, is not quite certain; but at all events it is a place at no great distance to the N.W. of it.
[Footnote 131: The information Dr. Barth was able to collect with reference to the lower part of the Bénuwé, as far as subsequently surveyed by Dr. Baikie, was rather meagre; yet even with regard to those few data, provisionally as they were laid down from Dr. Barth’s original map in A. Petermann’s “Account of the progress of the Expedition to Central Africa, London, 1854,” Dr. Baikie acknowledges the service that map proved to him, and records his testimony both as to the amount and general correctness of the information it contains. (See Dr. Baikie’s “Narrative of an Exploring Voyage in 1854,” p. 446.)]
[Footnote 132: The cardinal points of the maps where astronomical observations had been made by Dr. Vogel, besides Tripoli, are the following:
Longitude E. Latitude N.
Sókna 15° 48′ 30″ 29° 4′ 4″
Múrzuk 14 10 15 25 55 16
Kúkawa 13 24 0 12 55 14
Yákoba 9 31 45 10 20 10
Zária 7 23 10 11 4 46
Bebéji 8 6 25 11 35 30
Zínder 9 2 45 13 47 6
Besides, Dr. Vogel has made astronomical observations at the following places: Bení Ulíd, Enfád, Bonjem, Godfah, Óm el ʿAbíd, Gurméda (wrong name), Sebhá, Bimbéja, Bahr el dúd, Óm el mé, Lake Mandra, Jerma, Ghodwa, Mʿafún, Mastúta, Gatrón, Tejerri, El Áhmar, Má-faras, Jehaye, Ashenúmma, Shemúttero, Bilma, Zau kurá, Ágadem, Bélkashi farri, Kufle, Kibbu, first outlying fresh-water basin, north-western end of the Tsád, Ngégimi, Bárruwa, Yó, Morá, Ujé (Mábani), Máshena, Múniyó (Búne), Zínder, Gújeba, Gebbeh, Gombe, Dan Hajji, Múri, Tindang, Díkowa, Delhé, Wáza, Ádishén (Kadé, residence of Ádishén), frontier of territory of Ádishén, north end of Túburi Lake, Túburi village, mountain on west side of lake. (See the Journal and the Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society of 1854-1858. But in the Journal, vol. xxv. p. 242., there is a misprint, the latitude of Kúkawa being given as 12° 15′ 14″.)
Mr. Overweg’s latitudes, besides his observation at Belárigo (14° 50′ 0″ long., 13° 26′ 37″ lat.), relate to the following places: Mizda, Taboníeh, El Hasi, Wádí Ajúnjer, Falésselez, Aísala, Tin-téllust, Ámfisás, island of Gúria in the Tsád, and on his route to the Músgu country, Yédi, Marte, Alla, Del-hé, Zógoma, Mása, five other intermediate stations, and three observations in the district of Wúlia. (See Petermann’s account, p. 15.)]
INDEX.
* * * * *
Ábare, tribe of Músgu, numbers of them captured for slaves, iii. 236.
Ábbega, the freed Marghí lad, iv. 10.
ʿAbd-Allah, the learned Tawáti, i. 398.
ʿAbd-Alláhi, son of Fódiye and brother of ʿOthmán, iv. 527. His children, iv. 196, _note_. Notice of his work, 186.
ʿAbd el Káder, sultan of Bagírmi, iii. 442.
ʿAbd el Káder organizes a religious revolution in Fúta, iv. 628.
ʿAbd el Káderi, sultan of Ágades, i. 401. His investiture, 422. His letters, 437. His deposition and his confidence in me, iv. 185.
Abíla, mount of Aír, i. 380.
Abú Bakr el Wakshhi, first acquaintance, i. 489. His kindness to me in Kátsena, ii. 55.
Ábú el Hassan, governor of Támkala, interview with, v. 304. His character and position, 306.
Ábú-Gher, village of Bagírmi, market, iii. 386, 568.
Ádamáwa, country of, a Mohammedan kingdom engrafted upon a mixed stock of pagan tribes, ii. 414, 500. Character of, 503. A country for colonies, ii. 456. Different character of settlements, 510. Itineraries passing through the districts of, 587.
Adansonia digitata, the most common tree through the whole breadth of Central Africa, ii. 157, 362. In Bághena, v. 505. Colossal specimens, ii. 157, 392. Different variety, iv. 71. Peculiar domain, ii. 39. The constant companion of human society, 40, 541. On the Niger, v. 278, 280, 282. Use of the leaves of, for vegetable soup, ii. 15, 314, 388; iv. 35, _passim_. Use of the fruit for imparting an acid taste, ii. 388.
Ádar, governors of, iv. 530. Country of, and towns, i. 556. Limits of, iv. 161.
Ádar, well and hamlet in Aússa, v. 485.
Ádar-andúrren, “the little creek,” usual ferry on the Niger, v. 247.
Ádar-n-háut island and its inhabitants, v. 191.
Áderár, country of the Awelímmid, list of wells and pasture grounds of, v. 207, _note_.
Áderér, district described, and Moorish tribes in, v. 535.
Ádishén, the Músgu prince, conduct of, towards his female slaves, iii. 164. His reception by the vizier, 181.
Áfadé, town and district, iii. 275, 467.
Áfagé, town, iii. 150.
Afalésselez, character of, arrival at the well, i. 260.
African warfare, interesting incident in, v. 189. Cruelty of, iii. 225.
Afúlle district and its inhabitants, v. 520.
Ágades and its inhabitants described, i. 397-457. Its history, 458. Period of foundation, iv. 593. Its ancient gold trade, i. 467. Prices in market, 479. Identity of its language with that of Timbúktu, 418 (compare iv. 603.). Ground plan of, 475. Dungeon, 421. Great mosque and tower, 449. Investiture of the sultan, 422. Audience hall, 400.
Ágata, village and mount, i. 379.
Agérijít, village and well, v. 505.
Ághadír Dóme, village and inhabitants, v. 551.
Agháfi, ancient town of Kánem, iii. 105, 512, _seq._
Ághelé district on the Niger, v. 238.
Aghó, formerly large town of Kánem, iii. 91, 512.
Áhmed Bábá, notice of his work, iv. 200. His character, 407, 600.
Áhmed bel Mejúb, Arab traveller, notice of, ii. 283.
Áhmedu, Séko (Sheikh), ruler of Másina, his hostility towards me, iv. 458, 461, 508; v. _passim_.
Aidó grass, with prickly involucre, i. 534.
ʿAín Zára, described, i. 87. Welcome reception in, on home-journey, v. 451.
Aïr, or Ásben, ethnographical relations of, i. 335. Áír not Ahír, 336, _note_. See Ásben.
Airi, the great salt caravan, its gathering, i. 504, 510. Estimate of its numbers, ii. 40. Went formerly only as far as Kátsena, ii. 65.
Ájirí village, ii. 233.
Ákarámbay, iron gates of, narrow passage in Niger, v. 249.
Ála, Alla, Bórnu town and vicinity, iii. 128.
Alairúk village, iii. 28.
Aláli-Ádia valley of Kánem, iii. 100.
Alamáy, or Allamáy, Bórnu town, ii. 191; v. 380.
Alamáibe, or Allamáibe, village, hospitable treatment at, v. 378.
Aláso or Alássa, town of Bághena and its vicinity, v. 495, 518.
Aláune, Bórnu town, ii. 220; iv. 29.
Aláwo, town of, ii. 371.
ʿAlíyu, sultan of Sókoto, first meeting with, iv. 133. His character, 154. Sets out on an expedition against the Góberawa, 140. His proceedings, 163-165. Returns to Wurnó, 183. Interview with, v. 336. His justice, 340. Farewell interview with, 343.
Alkúttabu, chief of the Awelímmed, iv. 470, _passim_.
Áman Sémmedné valley, sculpture and stone circles at, i. 204.
Ammas, “the islands and swampy grounds in the Niger,” v. 210.
Ánay town, in the valley of Kawár, v. 434.
Angála, _see_ Ngála.
Anikímma, Tebu town, v. 433.
Aníslimen, Merábetín or Tolba, peaceable tribes of the Kél-owí, i. 322 (compare 321, _n._). Of the Awelímmiden, v. 558. Of the Íregenáten, 562. _See_ Merábetín.
Ánnur, chief of Tintéllust, sends us an escort, i. 326. Interview with him, 360. His character, 361; ii. 2. Parting with, ii. 1. Visit him at his estate, 21.
Ánnur karamí, a relation of the former, i. 255. His lodgings at Ágades, 413.
Ant-hills of immense size, iii. 362. Indicating the neighbourhood of a river, ii. 463.
Antilope, different species, Búbalis, i. 263; v. 424. A. Addax, ii. 224. A. Leucoryx, i. 520; bucklers made from its skin, 521; its meat, 528. A. Oryx, iii. 357; iv. 20. A. Soemmeringii, ii. 224; iii. 328. Other species, ii. 325.
Ants, serious attack of black, iii. 393. Battle between red and white, 399. Winged, 4. White, on the Niger, v. 150, _note_, 284. Northern limit of, i. 540; v. 414. Abundance of ants in Kátsena, iv. 97.
Arab or Moorish tribes of the western part of the desert, list of, v. 525.
Arabs, native Arabs, or Shúwa, of Bórnu, and neighbouring countries, ii. 355. Early settlements in Kánem, iii. 545. Chiefs of, 521. Their intercourse with the Fulbe, 369.
Arama, _see_ Rumá.
Arborescent Euphorbiaceæ, iii. 267.
Archer, mounted, rare, ii. 232. In Fógha, iv. 231.
Architecture of Ágades, i. 442, 446. Of Kanó, ii. 123. Of dwellings in Saráwu, 439. In Múbi, 527. Of the Músgu tribe, iii. 248. Of palaces in Logón, 287, 289. In Más-eña, 389. Of dwellings in Másina, iv. 253, 254. In Namantúgu, iv. 276, 277; in Tinge, 311. In Timbúktu, 449. Insecurity of clay-houses, iii. 392. More solid architecture in former times, ii. 226. iii. 226, 389. Songhay and Háusa architecture, v. 281.
Argúngo, residence of rebel chief of Kébbi, iv. 201.
Áribínda, town of, and its inhabitants, iv. 306.
Áribínda, meaning southern bank of Niger, iv. 307; v. _passim_.
Arókam valley described, i. 268.
Asába mountainous district, v. 517.
Ásada, valley of Aïr, described, i. 383.
Ásben, or Aïr, first view of, i. 279. Nature of the country, 304. Mountains of, 308. Forms of name, 308, _n._
Asclepias gigantea, enormous specimens, i. 254, 320. Usefulness of, 541. Bears testimony to the fertility of the soil, 393. Wide extent, ii. 197, 319, 320, _passim_. Its monotonous character, ii. 180. Characteristic of the neighbourhood of Kúkawa, ii. 548.
Asér village, near Sansándi, v. 482.
Aséttere valley, i. 270.
Ásfer, singular food of this bird, i. 135.
Asfúra valley, iii. 90.
Áshenúmma and its inhabitants, v. 430. Dried fish the best medium of commerce at, 433.
Asïu, or Asëu, well, importance of, i. 280, 562.
Áskíá, Mohammed ben Abú Bakr, king of Songhay, his greatness, iv. 414. His rise, reign, and death, 596-605. Compare i. 459.
Ásodi, description of the town, i. 375.
Asses, usual beasts of burden of Gúro travellers, iv. 263; compare v. 27. Excellent breed in Aïr, i. 371; in Dar-Fúr, ii. 367; in Mósi, v. 27. Plenty of, on the Niger, v. 108, 177.
Ásu town, iii. 461. Not name of river, 462.
Aswánek tribe, sections of, v. 504.
Átar, town of Áderér, v. 537.
Alantíka mount, highest mountain of my route, ii. 465.
Aúdaghost, notice of, i. 458; iv. 580, 582.
Aúderas, beautiful valley of Aïr, described, i. 387.
Áussa district, towns in, v. 479.
Aússa, general term for north bank of Niger, ii. 70; v. _passim_.
Auyók territory described, iv. 43.
Áwáb, chief of the Tin-ger-égedesh, interview and religious discussion with, iv. 427. His account of Mungo Park, 505.
Awelímmiden, origin, iv. 626. Sections and families of, v. 552. Peaceable tribes of, 558.
Ayóru, village and inhabitants, v. 261.
Ayú, or Manatus, found in the Bénuwé, ii. 507; in the Shári, iii. 325; in lake Débu, v. 472; and in the Niger in general, 103.
Ázawád, district north of Timbúktu, and adjoining districts, notice of, v. 459.
Ázawágh, district on the Niger, v. 459.
Ázemay, village on Niger, and its inhabitants, v. 279.
Azkár, tribe of Imóshagh, historical notices of the, i. 228.
Babáliyá, town of Bagírmi, notice of, iii. 616. Condition of treaty with regard to, 520.
Bábir tribe, notice of the, ii. 404.
Báchikám, branch of Shári, great breadth, iii. 400. Upwards, places along the, 590. Downwards from Más-eñá to Músgu, 603.
Badamúni, or Gadabúni, fresh and natron lakes, iv. 69, 72. Village described, 70.
Badaníjo, village of Ádamáwa, described, ii. 435.
Badaráwa, walled town of Zánfara, with a considerable market, iv. 125.
Badda-badda, walled town of Kebbi, iv. 206.
Bága, remarkable architecture described, iii. 248.
Bágelé, mount of Ádamáwa, ii. 478. Hamlets of, 499, _note_.
Bághena, identity with part of the ancient Ghánata, Arab tribes in, v. 525. Present state and historical notices of, 500.
Baghzen mount, i. 378, 513.
Bagírmi, description of the natives, iii. 344. Females, 395. Historical survey of, 425. When first mentioned, 505. General character of, 445-449. Arms, language, and dress, 450. Government, 452.
Bagma village described, ii. 422.
Bahr el Ghazál, large valley east of Tsád, described, iii. 487.
Bákada village and inhabitants, iii. 337, 358.
Bakáy, _see_ Sheikh Sídí Áhmed.
Balanites Ægyptiaca, northern limit of, i. 265, 508. Wide range over Negroland, ii. 206. Name in Ádamáwa, 506. Fruit of much value in Bórnu, 314. In Bagirmi, iii. 449. Bread made from the fruit of, 386. Leaves used likewise, 353, 449. Fine specimens on Niger, v. 267, 272. In Timbúktu, iv. 475.
Bamba, or Kasbah, town on the Niger, and inhabitants, v. 158.
Bámbara town and inhabitants, iv. 354-365.
Bámbara, country, present ruler, iv. 469.
Bamúrna valley, with sugar plantation, iv. 171.
Bánal, mountainous district of Bagírmi, and inhabitants, iii. 611.
Bánam and its inhabitants, iii. 609.
Banana (_Musa Paradisiaca_), ii. 84. Common in the southern provinces, 506, 579; iv. 196.
Banáy village, iv. 384.
Bandégo village of Ádamáwa, ii. 218.
Baobab, _see_ Adansonia.
Bárakat, town and inhabitants, i. 242. Vicinity described, 244.
Baratáwa village, fine tamarind trees near, iv. 64.
Bárea village of Músgu country, iii. 188.
Bargu or Barba country, north of Yóruba, iv. 600.
Barley cultivated on the Niger, v. 158.
Barno locality on Niger described, v. 227.
Barth, Dr., his previous travels in Barbary, vol. i. p. vii. Course of his studies, ii. 467. Volunteers to accompany Mr. Richardson in the exploration of Central Africa, vol. i. p. ix. Joins the expedition at Tunis, 1. Arrival at Tripoli, 15. Residence at and excursions round, 17-84. Journey across the desert, 85, _seq._ Residence at Múrzuk, 164-170. Departure from Múrzuk, 173. Negotiation with Tawárek chiefs, 181-183. Joins the caravan, 188. Astray in the desert, 214-220. Arrival at Ghát, 221. Departure for the open desert, 241. Joins the Kél-owí caravan, 247. Reaches the Tinýlkum caravan, 272. Alarms from Tawárek freebooters, 282-307. Attacked and pillaged by the Merábetín, 313-317. Endangered by a desert torrent, 324. Arrival of escort from Ánnur, 326. Arrival at Tintéllust, 334. Residence in Tintéllust, 360-369. Nocturnal attack, 364. Journey to Ágades, 370-396. Residence at Ágades, 397-457. Interview with the sultan, 400. Receives letters of protection, 436. Residence in Tin-Téggana, 486-499. Religious conversation with Ánnur, 493. Joins the salt-caravan, 500.
Parting with Mr. Richardson, ii. 1. Interview with the governor of Kátsena, 49. Theological discussion with Bel-Ghét, 62. Departure from Kátsena, 84. Residence in Kanó, 97-147. Severe attack of fever, 101. Audiences with the ghaladíma, and governor 104-106. Sets out from Kanó alone, 148. Joins the sheríf ʿAbd-el-Khafíf, 155. Interview with ghaladíma ʿOmár, 193. Enters Bórnu, 201. News of Mr. Richardson’s death, 203. Visit to his grave, 218. Interview with the governor of Dúchi, 235. Arrival at Kúkawa, 243. Servants and debts of the mission, 244. Interviews with the vizier, 247. Amicable arrangements, 250. Debts of the mission discharged, 297. Expedition to Lake Tsád, 319-337. Meeting with Mr. Overweg near Kalíluwá, 342. Departure from Kúkawa, 351. Journey to Yóla, 353-484. Interview with the governor, 490. Anxiety and sickness, 495. Mission repulsed, 496. Return from Ádamáwa to Kúkawa, 515-549. Interview with the vizier, 550.
Expedition to Kánem, iii. 23-117. Joins a band of the Welád Slimán, 61. Interview with the sheikh of that tribe, 66. Camp taken, 103. Continued illness, 90-112. Return to Kúkawa, 116. Accompanies the expedition against Mándará, 118-259. Discussion on slavery with the vizier, 131-135. Cut off from the army, 191-193. Return to Kúkawa, 258. Journey to Bagírmi, 260-369. Stopped at the Shárí river, 314. Succeeds in crossing, 320. Residence at Mélé, 325. Laid in irons, 364. Proceeds to Más-eñá, 368. Interview with the lieutenant-governor, 371. Becomes a retail dealer, 380. Arrival of letters and supplies, 406. Audience with the sultan, 412. Departure from Más-eñá, 424. Arrival at Kúkawa, 470. Treaty of commerce signed by the sultan, 472. Death of Mr. Overweg, 477.
Parting interview with the Sheikh ʿOmár, iv. 4. Departure for Timbúktu, 6. Enters the Komádugu of Bórnu, 18. Reaches the mountainous province of Múniyó, 42. Interview with the governor, 53. Visit to the natron lake, 66. Arrival of pecuniary supplies, 81. Interview with the governor of Kátsena, 97. Discussion on polygamy with ʿAbd-e’-Rahmán, 102. Journey from Kátsena to Sókoto, 105, _seq._ Interview with ʿAlíyu, 132-188. Letter of franchise, 139. Residence in Wurnó, 143-188. Arrival at Gando, 194. Transactions with the sultan, 198-200. Unsafe journey through Kebbi, 204-240. First sight of the Niger, 240. El Waláti, specimen of a Moorish character, 282. Stay in Libtáko, 286-298. Transactions with the Tawárek, 338-347. Interview with the emír of Sarayámo, 373. Embarks on a creek of the Niger, 377. Interview with Sídi Álawáte in Kábara, 401. Arrival at Timbúktu, 405. Religious discussion with Sídi Álawáte, 445. Attack of fever, 444-450. First interview with Sheikh el Bakáy, 453-457. Unsettled residence in Timbúktu, 458, _seq._ Dangerous situation, 491. Interview and religious discussion with Áwáb, 497. His account of Mungo Park, 505. Religious discussion with Sheikh el Bakáy, 510.
Discussion on the relation of Christ and Mohammed, v. 4. On the prophets, “Who is a Moslim?” 63. Forced to leave the town, 70. Political meeting, 79. Departure from Timbúktu, 94. Retrograde movement, 111. Final departure, 141. Enters the desert, 166. Arrival at Gógó, 215. Parting with El Bakáy, 239. Travels along the south-western bank of the Niger, 240-294. An alarming adventure, 285. Second residence in Say, 295. Interview with the governor, 295. Arrival at Támkala and interview with the governor, 304. Attack of dysentery at Wurnó, 336. Interviews with ʿAlíyu, 336, 343. Second residence in Kanó, 358. Pecuniary difficulties, 366. Meeting with Mr. Vogel, 381. Last residence in Kúkawa, 391. Arrangements with Mr. Vogel, 394. Attack of rheumatism, 398. Difficulties and delays, 403. Traverses the desert with a small Tebu caravan, 408-444. Stopped by Arabs, 449. Arrival at Tripoli, 451. Arrival in London, 452.
Báruwa or Bárruwa town and vicinity, iii. 42, v. 410.
Basengíddi village, v. 514.
Basikúnnu town and inhabitants, v. 482.
Basikúnnu and Yá-saláme, list of places between, v. 481.
Bat-há large valley and river of Wádái, iii. 537, 564. _seq._
Batta tribe in Ádamáwa, ii. 511.
Báure, a species of ficus, large specimen, i. 392. Poorer specimens, iv. 64.
Baúshi trees, ii. 12.
Báya and its inhabitants, ii. 613.
Beans, cultivation of, ii. 310; iv. 29, _passim_.
Bean-tressels excellent food for camels, iv. 89.
Béchi town and neighbourhood, ii. 92.
Bedánga and its inhabitants, iii. 594, 608.
Bedde territory and its inhabitants described, iv. 33.
Bedstead, kind of, necessary for an African traveller, ii. 8. Curious bedsteads in Ágades, i. 442.
Beehives, ii. 91. Underground, 377.
Bees, dangerous attack by, iii. 240.
Bégúngu island, in the Niger, v. 289.
Belánde village, v. 311.
Belang, important town of Gurma, iv. 560.
Bélem, residence of Mʿallem Delíl, town and its inhabitants, ii. 451, 523.
Bello, sultan, character, iv. 513. Notice of his work, 187.
Belússa important town, of Mósi, iv. 563.
Bení Ulíd, troublesome place, v. 451.
Bennanába, or Benába, chief town of Gurma, meaning of name, iv. 559.
Benón, camp where Park was kept a prisoner, v. 491.
Bentang tree, _see_ Silk cotton tree.