Part 43

_Igamanna_, barren, and _emannet_, fertile, and _manna-n-áwatay_, famine-year, need fuller elucidation.]

204. _The rainy season is come_, ákase yūse.

_—— is gone_, ákase ígĕle, _or_ yímmĕde.

_The cold increases_, asemmēṭ étid.

_—— is strong_, asemmēṭ íkkĕne tigawet.

_—— lessens_, asemmēṭ efenās. (94.)

_—— is over_, asemmēṭ ébĕgbag.

[Note: _Tigawet_ for _tiḳuaet_, strength; Arab.?]

205. _The (forty) dark nights are passed_, éhaden isáttefen, _or_ esáttafnén, ebarbar, _or_ ejumádĕde.

_The black winter is gone_, tágerist takaúelit tabárbar.

_The white (i.e. mild part of the) winter is come_, tégisht taméllelt tágerist.

[Note: _Ehaḍ_, night; Ghad. _efad_; Wadreagh, _eghed_ (compare Arab. _ghea_, obtexit); Kab. _eyyaṭ_.

_Asaṭṭef_, (with _t_ in Ben Músa), black (or dark?).

_Akauel_, black, is _aghogul_ in Wadreagh, for which Venture has _inghāl_.

_Ejumádade_, freq. from _imeda_?

_Tegisht_, as _tiggemāt_ in 202. &c., seems to have final _t_ as feminine mark, like Arabic.]

206. _The leaves are fallen_, ālan atarākat (71.), ālan āmin.

_The boughs are stript_, afélliga ákăsen.

_The tree is getting new leaves_, aheláklak ehíshk.

_—— blooms_, ehíshk ínshar.

_—— is bearing fruit_, ehíshk aboriārak.

_—— is not full grown_, ehíshk war idūil.

_—— is dead_, ehíshk akkōr [_is dried_].

[Note: _Āmi_, is faded?

_Iláklak_, budded forth?

_Inshar_, is beautiful? _Inshagh_? compare _amonshagh_, envious, &c., 116.

_Idūil_, (not again). In Kab. _itulan_ or _idhūlan_, kinsfolk, softened from _iṭegulan_, as I think.]

207. _The dates are ripe_, téhĕni tingne. (167.)

_—— not yet ripe_, téhĕni har egōdi war tingne.

_The herbage is coming forth_, tēshe ebarbar _or_ tafōkat [tafōghat, 174.].

_The guinea-corn comes forth_, énĕli efōkat.

_The guinea-corn gets reed_, énĕli ena kógĕri.

_The reed (stalk) bristles (in stubble)_, kógĕri yikhtā.

208. _The corn is making large leaves_, énĕli éje fárkĕtēn.

_The guinea-corn is ripe for harvest_, énĕli itáfărat (efĕrat).

_The herbage is drying up_, tēshe takkōr [taggōr].

_The ear of the corn comes out_, tíggemat tegēnt énĕli.

_The ear is ripe_, tegēnt tingná. (167.)

[Note: _Efĕrat_, yields harvest? In vocab. _téferten_, salary,—_qu._ revenue? Heb. פרא.

_Tégĕnit_, spike of corn (vocab.).]

209. _The river is rising_, tédĕfit egish eghírrëu [flood _enters the river?_].

_The water stagnates_, áman íbdăden.

_—— soaks in_, esintátărār.

_—— is sinking_, áman abukiūrel.

_The river is very full this year_, étaf áman tenī.

_It will not sink at all_, war obakímbi.

_The rivers are joining_, eghírriwan imókasen _or_ írtăyen. (102. 131.)

[Note: _Tetĕfit_, flood? swell? from _etaf_?

_Abūki yurēl_, is about to _sink_?

_Obaki imghi_, chooses to go down. See 50.

_Etaf_, it pours or runs freely (not the same as _eṭaf_, to seize, with ط): hence causative, _isattef_, he pours, 174. In Kab. for _etaf_ we find _effid_, and also _effi_, the _d_ being pronominal.

_Tenī_, this year, = _tinēda_. With _tin_ compare Arab, _sene_, year.]

210. _Almost all the rivers run into the sea_, eghírriwan rurret imókasen rōr eghírrëu wá symmed [_meet at the salt river_].

_The boat is leaking_, tōraft nákal [nághal]; tōraft tinral [tinghal]; _or_ tinrálnarel [tinghálnaghel]; (_see_ 174. 192., sunkel;) tóraft titfagh, (174.).

[_The boat is foundering_], tōraft telkăyat (175.); tōraft tibbenekway.

[92] _The people who row_ (?) _the boat get out_ (?), ídinet audetánnăret tōraft titfar [titfagh].

[92] _The people perished, some swam in the water_, ídinet abăten iyeden yeshaffen dar áman.

[92] _Another rolls the boat sportively_ (?), íyaṭ ināfar tōraft sehūyam.

[92] _The people who are (of the?) village, under the water deep_ (?), ídinet auéhan amăzagh dedu áman lagat.

[92] _Those people lay goat-skins in the middle of the water which ..._ ídinen wuīn degen ídeden der mézen dor áman auay tímăntēn.

[Note: _Wa_ symmed, _the_ salt. I observe that _wa_ retains the meaning of _the_ before an adjective as well as before a participle, though it is lost with a substantive.]

211. _The boat is upset_, tōraft tebumbay. (44.)

_—— breaks asunder_, tōraft takaurawen.

_The boat ran on rocks_, tōraft tikkeséast tahōnt.

_And sunk, and remained on the ground_, tursar, telkăyat, tekkel édir-n-áman [_became under-of-the-water_].

[Note: _Ibbenekuay_, pres. from _Ibbeneka_?

_Ikaurau_ and _ikarru_ (tear, rend violently), remind one of _ezraurau_, 190. 135, 136. Also _tatáktarau_, is shattered; with _t_ interposed, as in Arabic 8th form.

_Ikkeséas-t_, pierced it? frequent. from _ikes_? _Tursar_, for _turza_? was broken? Yet see _yarasan_, 64.]

212. _The water enters the tent_, áman íggesh éhen.

_This water stands still, is stagnant_, áman wādagh ibbédăden.

_It does not hasten much (has no current)_, war óshel hullen.

_This river has a strong current_, eghírrëu wādagh óshel hullen.

213. _The water is boiling_, áman imesharlárlărēn.

—— áman ereshaushauēn.

_—— is not yet boiling_, áman indi imesharlárlărēn.

_—— is very hot_, áman ekōs hullen.

_Boil [heat] water for me_, iksāhe áman.

_Let it cool in the skin_, éyit yesmat dér édid.

[Note: _Isharlarlar, ishaushau_? it boils or bubbles.]

214. _The bird flies_, égĕdīd ígged.

_The young bird will fly [wishes to fly]_, akirt abók tégad.

_The bird sings nicely_, égĕdīd elemísli yehōsken.

_The hen cackles_, tákĕshilt rar middennis.

_—— lays eggs_, tákĕshilt tagāt ésărek.

_—— is screaming_, tákĕshilt tegabătolt.

[Note: Kab. _igṭaṭ_, birds (sing. agadet, Hodgson: read _agaṭeṭ_); but in Brosselard, _akṭeṭ_, pl. _ikṭaṭ_, a little bird. We have here the root _igeṭ_, it flew, it sprang aloft, 47. 70.; whence _iseggeṭ_, it mounted (202. 216.), and _tesaggaṭ_, a feather.

_Elemisli_ may seem a derivative or compound from _isla_, he heard, _amisli_, _a_ voice.

_Tákĕshilt_, a hen; elsewhere, _takĕshīt_, which seems more correct, as it is the feminine form of _ákes_, the cock, which again perhaps is more correctly _akez_, the _z_ in Temght changing to _sh_. In Kab. the forms are _ayaziṭ_, a cock, _tayazīt_ or _thayazit_, a hen; for _aghazīṭ_, _thaghazīṭ_, it seems. Even in Temght it may be inquired whether _gh_ is not more correct than _k_; _i.e._ _aghez_, a cock, _taghĕzīt_, a hen.

_Rar_, _i.e._ _ghar_, cries; קרא. _Midden-nis_ her cackling. On _ḍen_ or _ḍenḍen_, see 26.

_Ésărek_, a litter (of eggs)?]

215. _The egg is not yet hatched_, tésădalt ur tisfákket.

_The egg is spoiled_, tésădalt tíggĕded.

_The eggs are spoiled_, tesádălen egadíddĕnad.

_The young bird picks (at the egg)_, akaukautet akirt.

_He will come forth_, ahad efóket.

_The cock is crowing_, ákes egetarōren.

[Note: _Tigĕded_, is birded? (214.), _i.e._ is quickened. It is fem. sing., and the fem. pl. _egadíddĕnat_ (not _-nad_). Elsewhere, _ikhshed_, it is spoiled, 167.

_Kaut_ (for hack, hew, cut) seems a widely-spread root. Arab. _ḳatʿa_, and above, _ektas_.

_Ahad efóket_, may be future tense. See 174. and 220. Final _t_, feminine mark?

_Egetarōren_ = _igetaghōren_, present partic. from _ighār_.]

216. _The horse neighs_, ais etehinnít.

_—— prances_, ais ōskar.

_—— goes backward_, ais érăren.

_—— rolls_, aïs abelánbălet.

_—— kicks_, ais erābar _or_ isākat.

_—— is lame_, ais ehiak.

_—— rolls in the sand_, ais ināfar.

_—— has mounted the mare_, ais asúggĕdit tábăgōt.

[Note: _Ihinnēt_, nearly Latin _hinnio_.

_Oskar_, prances. In Kab. _isekkar_, he caused to stand; _iskar_, he made; _aksar_, the lower part.

_Érar_, goes backward? Kab. _ʿarūr_, the back.

_Irābar_, perhaps, “stamps:” 172.

_Isākat_, kicks.

_Isāggeṭ_, as in 214. 202. &c.; unless final _-ṭiṭ_ is here frequentative.]

217. _The camel is crying_, ámĕnis éjëu.

_—— growls_, ámĕnis abéggeg.

_—— throws up the nose_, ámĕnis etishburdel.

_The she-camel has brought forth_, tólamt tórau.

_—— is about to bring forth_, tólamt teshwar tórau.

[Note: _Ejëu_, is crying; = _igewa_, and fem. pl. _egéwănet_. Hence in Niphal, _iniggu_ or _inijju_, it bellows.

_Tólamt_ or _tálamt_, camel, fem. for _alōm_ or _elgham_, words not used in this dialect. Evidently _elgham_ = Heb. _gemel_. It also makes _aram_ in Shilha.

_Teshwar_, Kab. _tezwar_, she precedes or begins, 85.]

218. _The camel is lying down to receive the load_, ámenis egen, égag fellas ilălen [_one_ heaps _on him the luggage_, 98.].

_The camel refuses to rise_, ámenis tindăras ténnăkrat.

_Too much load on him_, égan fellas ilălan agōtĕni.

_The camels graze_, immĕnás idānan.

_The she-camels cry, they want to be milked_, tólemín egéwănet, irhānet tázit.

[Note: _Indar_, he refused, 112. It differs from _asindar_, throw down (which is perhaps _asinṭar_, from _iṭar_, he went down), and from _emendar_, to lodge for the night, which is _emendagh_.

_Egan_, it lies.]

219. _The bullock lows_, ámăke eníjju.

_The cow lows_, tēs aníjju.

_The cows chew the cud_, iwan afarádĕnit.

_The cows are sated_, íwan iwănet.

_They lie down_, ikarámĕnet.

_The cows are returning from the water_, íwan asúwanet, iktárnet fel áman.

_The cows return the food_, íwan isókalnet. (25.)

[Note: _Afărad_. See _efĕrat_, in 208.

_Iwănet_, from root _iwa_ or _iwan_, to satiate. In Kab. _thayawant_ or _thawant_, satiety.

_Īwān_, cows, may be shortened from Kab. _yugāwen_, steers. The root _yūg_ is, as in our tongues, a yoke; whence _thayūga_, a pair.

_Asú-ănet_, they have drunk.

_Iktar_ seems to be Arab. 8th form, from _kar_.]

220. _The he-goat bleats_, eshōlak ahílĕlet.

_The she-goats bleat_, úlli essiláfnet.

_The ram bleats_, abákkar ásilef.

_The sheep bleat_, tíhatén esiláfnet esmedanésnet.

[Note: _Ahilĕlet_, from _elīl_, to cry aloud. Ghad. _eslīl_, Kab. _esiwel_, from _awal_, voice. Barth has also _asilel_.

_Asĭlef_, bleat, is more specific.

_Iherna_, he crouched. See 139.

_Ishek_ invasit (137.); but future (215.) _ehadishek_, invadet.

_Imĕhesh_, (my money) is spent; whence frequent. with causative sense, _ishmahish_, he annihilated.]

221. _The lion roars_, eher eníggu, eher eríkku.

_The lion is crouching_, eher ehérnen abók fellauen ehe.

_—— [will attack people]_, eher ehádíshek idinet.

_—— [tears in pieces?]_, ashmaraurauest ídinet.

_—— [destroys them]_, eshmahíshten ídinet.

222. _The dog snarls_ [_crouches? see_ 139.], ēdi tehárna.

_The dog bites_, ēdi tād.

_—— barks_, ēdi itíshut _or_ itéröas.

_The scorpion bites (me)_, tataihi tasírdant.

[Note: _Tasirdant_, more correctly _tazerdemt_, scorpion, as in 227. In Kab. _tegirdumt_ and _tegeremt_.

_Tataihi_, has stung _me_? from _tatay_, drive in a peg, 176.]

223. _The ostrich runs fast_, énnehel ehăsar hullen.

_The ostrich hides his head in the bush_, énnĕhe ísed arāfĕnis [aghāfĕnis] der ehíshk.

_He thinks nobody sees him_, arēl war tehinnēn ídinet.

[Note: _Ennĕhel_, so Hodgson; not _ennĕhe_, ostrich.

_Ised_. See 81.

_Arēl_. See 156.

_War_ et-_ehinnen_, non _eum_ vident?]

224. _The man was sitting on the shore_, ahālis akīm rōr alīm-n-áman.

_Suddenly a crocodile seized him by the leg [knee?], and went away with it [him?]_ azūed arāte irmast safód, ilmar deris. (_Dēris_, under it?)

[Note: _Alīm_, edge, border? In 50. we have _esalīm_, shore, and _asarīm_ in vocabulary. Elsewhere, _alīm_ is skin, for _aglim_ of Kab. Also _alim_, chaff, straw, in Kab.

_Azūed_, sudden (heavy).

_Irmas_, seized. _Afod_, knee, in vocabulary.

_Ilmar_, not again in this sense.]

225. _The river horse rose in the water (to the surface of the water), and snorted_, ajámba áskaket dar áman isáfărad.

_The river horse has upset the boat_, ajámba irbar tōraft.

_The river horse has shattered the boat_, ajámba tárzar [tarza?] tōraft.

[Note: _Irbar_, crushed with his feet, 172.

_Tarzar_: compare _Irzar_ in 171.]

226. _The vulture hovered over the gazelle_, elullen ilay gínnigis ashinkat.

_Until it pounced upon it, and tore out its eyes_, har asgen felles ístaras, íkas tettáwennis.

_Lay the pillow upon the mat (carpet)_, sins ádăfōr fel isífter [fel isiftakh].

[Note: _Har asgen_, until; _felles_, upon it; _istaras_, it pounced, from _iras_, it descended. Thus _asgen_ seems to mean “a time,” “a while.” In Kab. _azgen_, half, middle, part.

_Sins_, cause to rest? from _insa_, he rested? 42. 58.

_Isiftakh_, evidently from Arab. _fatakh_. The ح is presently corrupted into _kh_.]

227. _I this morning found a scorpion under my carpet_, nek tifaut idak enhagh tezerdemt dau tesúftakhtēn.

_Lay a cloth under your saddle_, ége tashíshwart dau mĕdásh.

_Lest it hurt the back of your horse_, war eráshădēt (_or_ itemanākit) arōrin aïs innak.

[Note: _Ége_, make, for, put.

_Erashādet_ seems to be subjunctive from _ishad_ or _ishadet_. Compare Arabic _shadha_, he harmed.

_Itemanākīt_, root, _naka_? _Temankit_ is exhaustion.]

228. _At that place the river runs upon rock_, dar agel wādagh áman óshălen fel tihōn.

_He fell along the [gallery? landing-place?]_, enta etarákatet fel sŏrō.

_Till he came below the staircase [steps of the gallery?]_, har óse dau íbtalen sŏrō.

_All the day he sat in his tent_, ashel rurret ekēm der ehénnis.

[Note: _Agel_, place? (Is it the same as _aghel_, Kab. arm? See 201. on _aril_.)]

229. _He put it in his pocket_, enta egēt der elshēb.

_Do not enter the house_, war tégĕshit tárăshām.

_Stay outside_, ébbedīd dágăma.

_Outside the town_, ágĕmē-n-ághĕrim.

_There is nothing but mere sand_, war ehet har ákal mellen.

[Note: _El jīb_ is Arabic.

_Dagăma_, on the outside, _agĕme_, outside, are from _igem_, he went out, 118. 138.; whence also _gĕma_, without (sine).

_Mellen_, white; here for pure.

_Akal_, mould, soil, as in Kab. Elsewhere in Temght it is land or country.]

230. _Thou hast not given me my (full) right_, war he tawēdet el hakki.

_He went before me_, íggĕle iládatāi.

_Look before you, that you may not fall_, sageréhe dātak, war tídu.

_I went behind him_, égelēgh iládăras.

_Let us look behind us_, sanishlámanak dáranak [sanishlámanagh dáranagh].

_Lest these men betray us_, war hanak [hanagh] ighádernit ídinet ídagh.

[Note: _El hakk_ is Arab. and final _i_ the Arab. pronoun “my.” _Tassedet_, thou hast made even, æquasti. See 168.

_Sageréhe_, if it is one word, would seem by 11 to mean “look with pleasure.”

_Tidu_ (rather _tidut_? or _tidurt_?). See 104.

_Sanishlam_. See 11.

_Ighádernit_, fem. plur., because _idinet_ (_duniat_, Arab.) is fem.]

231. _All round this mountain_, ádar wādagh terlaite,

_there is fine pasture_, éhe téshe tehōske.

_At the side of the mosque_, tamizgída d’ edisennis [_the mosque, at its side_],

_is a large well_, ehe ānu makkōren.

_Sit down at my side_, arem d’ édisín.

[Note: _Arem_ = _aghēm_ = _aqīm_ = _ekem_, sit, stay.]

232. _Opposite each other_, inéhăsan gerēsan.

_Sit opposite to me, thy face to me_, arim dihādar annădīd seri idiménnek.

_He sat opposite, his face to me_, ekēm annădíd seri ideménnis.

_To your right_, dek arīl innek. (201.)

_Keep to your right_, akel sibberīn arílinnek [go keeping _your right_?].

_To your left_, fel teshelgínak.

[Note: _Inéhăsan_ = _inéhăzan_, from _ihaz_, 55., he was near. _Gerēsan_, inter se.

_Dihadar_, from Ar. حاضر, “present.”

_Annădīd_, παράλληλος? from _ned_, αλλος (as Kab.). Ben Mūsa gives _ghīm nediu_, sit near me, as Temght. So _endi_, nearest, next. It is spelt with _d_ or _t_ thick in Kab.

_Akel_, go thou? see 124.; or, turn thou? See 25.

_Sibber_, from Arab. صبر?]

233. _When you go from Timbúktu to Gúndam_, ke tesékalak dak Timbýtku kēk Gúndam.

_Leave the river at your left_, óye eghírrëu fel arē wa-n- téshilgēn.

_And you have open country on your right_, d-óyak bóderār fel ărē wa-n-aríli.

[Note: _Tesékalak_, read _tesékalat_? 2nd pers. sing.

_Oyak_, elsewhere, is “I left.”

_Boderār_, open country.]

234. [_Ordinarily the river is shallow, below the place of this year_], ennādir eghírrëu adejāsal, éder ádiget tenídagh.

_This exceeds that_, wādagh yūgar wādagh.

_There is nothing left of it_, war akímēn ders harret.

[Note: _S ennādir_, in custom?

_Adejāsal_, pres. tense from _gazal_, to be short? (gzl _or_ wzl.)]

235. _That is a different thing_, wādagh amūs harret.

_It is rare_, war agīt.

_Similar_, amélehen.

_It is like_, yúlehe, yúle.

_Like_, shynd, sund [zund?]

_All the same_, berīsh.

[Note: _Amūs_, moves, changes?

_War agīt_, it does not _do_ (it)?

_Yúlehe, yūle_. See 40.

_Sund_ is _zund_ and _zun_ in Kab. (Arab. _zain_, comely, elegant.)]

236. _Whichever way you take, every where you find water_, atif tígedi titetaffet, dags attiggeraut áman (_take straight which-you-take, on it you alight (on) water?_).

_Keep straight on_, áttil tígĕdid ghas (_keep straight only_).

_Straight_, tígĕdid.

[Note: In Kab. _tidīd_, true, seems to be here _tigĕdid_ or _tidĕgid_.

_Attil_, be thou? = _ili_?]

237. _Do not [trouble yourself?_ or _run?] this way, nor that?_ war _has_ tishlet, sĭhā, wolla sĭhā.

_The river runs between mountains_, eghírrëu yūshal ger adāren.

_The road leads through a thick forest, where are plenty of lions_, abárraka teha (igesh) arkit ŭrmā; ihe tawăkast; ehant éwokhsan.

[Note: _War ash tishlet_: _has_, for him? _tishlet_, from _yushal_, runs, or from _shela_, disturb, bustle, 115.

_Ihe_ or _diha_, where.

_Ehant_, 152., there are.

_Wokhs_, wild beast; Arab. _wahhūsh_.

_Tawak(h)ast_, wild beasts collectively.]

238. _I arrived before him, and had to wait for him_, nék ésagh arássit awādagh índeë dawat shwārakĕdás.

_I arrived after_ him [_thee?_], nek ósegh dārak.

_After the corruption of the whole earth, Jesus will descend_, dāret adígdig-n-ákal íkétĕnes, adezūbet ʿAísa.

[Note: _Esagh_ = _esegh_, from _yose_, he arrived. _Arasset_ = Kab. _azzeth_, before? See 140. _Indi_, (not) yet.

_Dawat_, from _awaṭ_, he arrived? 51.

_Shuaragh-ed-as_, I anticipated him?

_Daret_, for _dar_, after; so _darret_ in Prod. Son.

_Adigdig_, crush, in 130.

_Adezūbet_, from _zōb_, 62.]

NOUNS.

{ Ámanay. _God_, { { Mesí.[93]

_By the great God_, se Ámanay mákkaren _or_ imakóren.

_Our Lord_, Mesí-nak.

_The great God_, Mesí-nak imakóren.

_God the ruler_, Mesí-nak yitkál.

{ Mesí-nak enta ghás. { _The one God_, { Mesí-nak íyen ghás. { { Mesí-nak iyéntinten.

_God, who has no fellow (companion)_, Mesí-nak war ilamídi,

_nor has shape? (bounds?)_ war ilára,

_nor measure?_ war iléhit.

_God has no measure neither of space nor time_, Mesí-nak úri hehéndek war ilédek war ihédek, war ihédek wá, wolladar wá, war ihehéndek, war úgedi tíketi.

{ imekéder-n-talrewēn. _Lord of the wonders_, { { Mesís-n-talrewēn.

_The Uncreated_, wardikhalíg. (_Arab._)

_The Creator_, amakhalāg. (_Arab._)

_Cultivator of the soul?_ amákarash imman.

_Lord of the soul_, Mesís imman.

_The Merciful Shepherd_, amadān-n-tahánint.

_The Victorious_, emirni.

_The Extirpator_, amáng.

_The Living_, emay (from Arab. _hay_).

_The Judge Supreme_, ntarna tógerit (?).

_All the creatures of the Lord are to gather in (in the court of) Jerusalem on the day of resurrection_, timákhlukēn-n-Mesí-nak rurret didaunet istérrabat-n-bét el Mákkadus áshel wá-n-el kiámet.

_One part of them enter the hell and remain there, others enter paradise and remain there_, wuī tajéshen témsi ajíshente, wuī tajéshen aljennet ajíshente.

_The evil spirits_, alghafáriten. (_Arab._)

_Devil_, eblís. (_Arab._)

_Angel_, anyĕlus,[94] _pl._ anyelúsen.

_Demon_, alshín, _pl._ alshĭnen. (_Arab._)

_Female demon_, talshín.

_The paradise enter the people who (have been) good, the hell those who (have been) bad_, aljennet atajéshen ídinet wuī yolāghnin, témsi atajéshen ídinet wuī labásen.

{ al kurshi. (_Arab._) _The throne (of God)_, { { algharsh. (_Arab_).

_The day of resurrection_, áshel wá-n-el kiámet.

_The world_, eddúnia (rurret).

_Heaven_, ashínna.

_The seven heavens_, say ishínnawen.

_Sun_, tafōk.

_The sun warms his face hot to-day_, tafōk tenádit idéminis wakúsen áshel dín, [Comp. tenedēt, _fever heat_.]

_The sun burns, the people are perspiring_, tafōk tarra, ídinet tufay dersen tíde [exit per eos sudor].

_The strength of the sun’s heat_, tisenánit (n-takós enis).

_Sunbeams_, ezéreran-n-tafōk.

_Dawn of sun (of day)_, enaréren-n-tafōk.

_The sun is eclipsed (to-day)_, tafōk témmere áshel ídagh.

_Moon_, ayōr.

_The moon is about to come forth (rise)_, ayōr abóki ebárbar.

_The moon rises_, ayōr ebárbar.

_The moon is setting_, ayōr abóki éjedel.

_The moon sets_, ayōr ódal.

_Full moon_, ahadōr (akókehat?).

_Moonlight_, timelle-n-ayōr.

_Halo_, áfarak-n-ayōr.

_The moon has a halo_, ayōr yuwát áfarak.

_The moon is eclipsed to-night_, ayōr amére éhad ídagh.

_Galaxy_, mahellen.

_Star_, átar; _pl._ ítaren.

_The stars shine forth_, ítaren iknán ebarbar.

_The stars shine brightly_, ítaren iknán ashishíllwak.

_Lucifer_, tátari.

{ amawen-n-éhad. _Vesper_, { { ashímmelesh.

_Pleiad_, shéttahat.

_Cross_ (mejbúa), amanár.

{ tafaut (_of sun_). { _Light_, { teméllolot (_of moon_). { { tisákhsarēn (_as thrown through latticework, &c._).

_Darkness_, tíhay.

_Fata morgana_, éle.

_Shade, shadow_, téle.

{ takōs. _Heat_, { { ténede.

{ iredēm. _Cold_, { { asammēṭ.

_The cold has penetrated to my bones_, asammēṭ ejáserín darrim eghás ení.

_North_, afelle.

_South_, agūs.

_East_, amaina.

_West_, atāram.

_North-east (between east and north)_, ger amaina ge de felle.

_Air_, hawa. (_Arab._)

_Summer_, iwílen.

_Beginning of rainy season (called awára in Timbúktu)_, asherágu.

_Rainy season_, ákase.

_The rainy season is over_, ákase íbse.

_Cold season_, tágerist.

_The dark nights (the worst part of the cold season)_, éhaden esáttefen.

{ afásko. _Spring (called tifísko in Timbúktu)_, { { fatáfet.

_Wind, gale_, témadálet.

_I see there is rising a heavy gale_, ánhiagh dehén denákar temadálet imakkóren.

_Storm, whirlwind_, teshigwálet.

{ teshwálet teshigwálet. _Storm gathers_, { { tegéd ders teshigwálet.

_Heavy rain clouds_, tamsíggenaut.

_Red clouds_, tíggerakīn.

_Lightning_, ésan.

_Thunder_, éjaj.

_It thunders_, etájij.

_Lightning (thunder) has struck the tree and split it_[95], éjaj ódagh fel ehíshk atákhtak áfarás farás.

{ ajínne. _Rain_, { { ákonay.

_It is raining_, ajínne égat.

_The rain is coming, it is dripping_, ákona ízay, dekun tabákhtabek.

_Raindrops_ (reshresh), tídam.

_Moderate rain_, ahīs.

_Heavy shower_, tabéut.

_Long lasting rain, now ceasing, then beginning again_, tahaléhalay.

_Hail_, igidirshān.

_The hail falls, beating and tearing the tents_, igidirshān ófayen, ishohárnin nábajen ihánnan isararawen ihánnan.

_Rainbow_, agagónil (ajejénet?).

_Fog_, abínnag, ebénnag.

_To day is a foggy day, nobody can see anything_, áshel idagh íja ebénnag, war ihínne awádem harret.

_Dew_, táras.

_Much dew has fallen this night_, éhad ídagh íja táras tejēt.

_Time_, elwakkat. (_Arab._)

_Year_, áwatay.

_Five years_, summus útien.

_Century_, temĕde-n-áwatay.

_A year of famine_, manne.

_Month_, ayōr.

_Three months_, karád ayōren.

_Day_, áshel.

_Four days_, akōs eshílan.

_This is a fine day_, áshel ídagh íkkena teshéldeje.

_Dawn_, énarēr.

_Morning_, tifaut.

_Dhahar_ (_about_ 9 A.M.), agidélsit.

_Heat of the day_, tárahōd.

{ aríl-n-áshel. _Noon_, { { ammas-n-áshel.

_Zawál_, azíwal.

_Dhohor_ (_about_ 2 P.M.), tézar.

_ʿAser_, tákast.

_Sunset_, ágadel-n-tafōk.

_Time of prayer after sunset_, almos.

_Evening_, táduit.

_Prayer of ʿashá_, tesótsin.

_Night_, éhad; _pl._ éhaden.

{ ammas-n-éhad. _Midnight_, { { tazúnne-n-éhad.

_To-morrow_, ashikke.

_Early to-morrow morning_, ashikken semmút.

_To-morrow at noon_, aríl-n-áshel ashikké.

_The day after to-morrow_, áshel wuēn shel ashíkke.

_Yesterday_, endíshel.

_Last night_, endáhed, endód.

{ áshelendín. { _The day before yesterday_, { ashelnád. { { áshel wuén ásel endázel.

{ tenī, tinéda. _This year_, { { áwatay ídagh.

{ inhād. _Last year_, { { tenínde.

{ tenendīn. _Two years ago_, { { essīn útien.

_Next year_, áwatay wué ’lkamén éwuanen had.

_This month_, der ayōr ídagh.

_Next month_, ayōr wá yílkeme ayōr ídagh.

_This month is about to close_, ayōr wādagh ishwar íbbeded _or_ amūt.

_Saturday_, Essébbet. } } _Sunday_, Alhád. } } _Monday_, Elitnín. } } _Tuesday_, Eltenáta. } _Arab._ } _Wednesday_, Lárba. } } _Thursday_, Elkhamís. } } _Friday_, Eljýmma. }

_Week (seven days)_, sá shílen (eshílen).

_Moharrem_, Tamasíddig.

_Safar_, Téurt tatézaret. } } Turēn sanátet. _Rebia I._, Téurt tatílkamat. }

_Rébia II._, Azíma zarén.

_Jumád I._, Azíman ammas.

_Jumád II._, Azíman térirdēn.

_Rejeb_, Tinemégerēn.

_Shʿabán_, Janfo.

_Ramadhán_, Azūm.

_Háj_, Tésubdār.

_Shawál_, Tesissi tatézaret. } } Tésist sanáten. _Dhu el Heje_, Tesissi tatílkamat. }

{ émsewel. _Echo_, { { tākoy.

_Fire_, éfëu.

_Flame_, táhist.

_Spark_, temántest; _pl._ temántesīn.

_Firecoals_, tezózan.

_Ashes_, ézit-n-éfëu.

_Smoke_, ahū.

_Water_, áman.

_Land, earth_, ákal.

_Country of the Awelímmiden_, ákal wá-n-Wuëlímmiden.

_Island_, aútel.

_Wilderness_, arkit.

_Clear forest_, éhishkan amitarétaréen.

_Impassable covert_, árkit urmá.

_Dense forest_, arkit arú, _or_ akóren.

_Desert_, afélle (_prop. North_).

_Hammáda, desert plain_, tanazrúfet.

_Plain_, étaras.

_Large valley_, erárar.

_Valley with a torrent_, eghásher = eghzer _in other dialects_.

_Small torrent_, egherrēr.

_Mountain_, ádar; _pl._ ádaren.

_Inaccessible mountain_, ádar urmá war teh’ abárraka.

_Hill_, tádakt.

_Sandhill_, tégift; _pl._ tégefēn.

_(Range) of high sandhills_, tégefēn ogidáhenet.

_Small sandhill_, teneshmór.

_Rock_, tahónit.

_Stone_, tahōn.

_Source_, tét; _pl._ tittawen.

{ { ebenkōr. { _shallow_, { _Well_, { { tíris. { { _deep_, ānu.

_River_, eghírrëu.

{ ér. _Branch of river_, { { ádar-n-eghírrëu.

_Current_, ámanen (_waters_).

_Wave_, tínezémmart.

_Deep place of channel in river_, télak-n-áman.

_Bank of river_, ásarīm, _or_ ésalīm.

_Ford_, teawent.

_Torrent, rivulet_, anghi.

_Sea (the salt river)_, eghírrëu wa symmen.

_Temporary lake, pond_, abéng.

_Black naked soil round a pond_, tifárrawen.

_Green surface on stagnant pool_, tahízzak.

_Cavity, hole_, terárart (_dim._ of erárar).

_Sand_, témelilt.

_Lime_, tálak.

_Mud_, íllebék.

_Stones, or rather, round masses of lump (called_ áfaray _in Timbúktu), for building_, ebélghetān.

_Black soil_, ákal ikaúelit.

_White sandy soil_, ákal iméllen.

_Field_, shékarash.

_Stubble-field_, tédik; _pl._ tedkēn.

_Hedge, fence_, áfarak. (_Arab._)

_Slight fence_, táfarak.

{ abárraka. _Road_, { { tábarit.

_Tree_, ehíshk; _pl._ éhishkan.

{ absag. _Young tree, bush_, { { tasúgit.

_Root (of tree)_, tékewēn.

_Wood_, ésaghēr.

_Bad spot in wood_, ikerísh keráshen.

_Branch_, ílleket; _pl._ ílliktān.

_Splinter_, tímetaut; _pl._ tímetawen.

_Leaf_, ālan ehíshk.

_Large leaves_ (?), tefárketēn-n-ehíshk.

_Dúm-leaves_, takílkatén-n-akōf.

_Bark_, tissífuft.

_Peel, husk_, kékkabēn.

_Flower_, tábuit.

_Fruits, (pl.)_ áraten-n-ehíshkan.

_Seed, seeds_, ísambān.

_Thorn_, ísinnān.