Part 51

Onions introduced together with wheat, ii. 314; iii. 382. Great benefit to European travellers, _ib._ Wúshek, iv. 61. Very excellent in Gando, iii. 202. Introduced into Timbúktu, iv. 396.

Orthography adopted, explanation of the, i. p. xxxiii.

Orycteropus Æthiopicus, i. 526; ii. 233.

ʿOthmán Búgomán, prince of Bagírmi, career of, iii. 436-442.

ʿOthmán dan Fódiye the Reformer, his influence, iv. 152; his song, 531.

Overweg, Dr., his qualifications, vol. i. p. xv. Arrives at Tunis, 1. His memoranda, iii. 9. His journey to Tasáwa, ii. 12. Arrival in Kúkawa, 342. Voyage on the Tsád, iii. 8. Journey to Gújeba and Fíka, 470. His death and burial on the borders of Lake Tsád, 477.

Pagan charm, iii. 265.

Paganism, struggle of, with Islamism, ii. 41; iii. 135, 183; iv. 121, _passim_. Mósi champions of paganism, iv. 551. Remains of paganism in Mohammedan communities, iii. 263, 370.

Palm, the three species of palms common to Negroland in the same locality, iii. 194.

Park, Mungo, revenge for injuries inflicted by, a probable motive to the attack of the Tawárek upon Major Laing, iv. 453, _note_. Áwáb’s account of, 506. Fired at any one who approached in a threatening attitude, v. 201. Bad effects of this, 202. Reminiscences of, 162, 180, 218, 246. Mistaken with regard to Ségo, iv. 469, _note_.

Pennisetum distichum, its annoyance and uses, i. 390, 523, 529; iv. 64, 221; _et passim_.

Pepper indispensable in hot countries, iv. 87.

Pharaoh, tradition regarding the visit of a, to Burrum on the Niger, v. 192.

Pigeons, multitudes of wild, and device against, ii. 205. Pigeons in great request and cheap in Timbúktu, iv. 443.

Pilgrim traders, ii. 366; iii. 315; iv. 234, _passim_.

Pirtwa village, ii. 354.

Plough drawn by slaves in the valley of Aúderas, i. 387. No plough used in Negroland, 388.

Poa, edible, in Bórnu, iii. 29. Various species, 256. In great use in Bagírmi and Wádái, iii. 405, 447.

Poisoned arrows, remedy against, ii. 167.

Polygamy, singular illustration in favour of, iv. 102. Polygamy limited by Fúlbe of Másina to bigamy, iv. 257.

Portuguese, their endeavours to open up the interior of Africa, iv. 602, 605, 606.

Prayers for the dead, v. 57.

Priesthood, no distinct, iii. 207.

Prodigal Son, story of the, in Temáshight, v. 639.

Produce of Africa, iii. 233.

Púllo. _See_ Fúlbe.

Púllo Ibrahím, the pious and learned pilgrim, notice of, ii. 284.

Rabda and its villages, i. 38-42.

Ráfi-n-Máuri, large, swampy valley, iv. 224.

Rains, great diversity of, in different localities, iii. 3. Rare in the morning, i. 332, ii. 526. In Aír, i. 362. In the desert, v. 428. Little in Kúkawa, iii. 4. Much in Gando, v. 329. For the register of the fall of rain, see Meteorological Tables.

Rainy season in Kúkawa, iii. 3.

Ralle, pass of, described, i. 205.

Rás el má, celebrated creek of Niger, v. 485.

Reade, Mr., H.M.’s vice-consul in Tripoli, his kindness, i. 16; v. 450, 451.

Rédaní district described, iv. 17.

Red worms, march of, iv. 323.

Religious structures, i. 58, 74.

Rén, town of Logón, described, iii. 273.

Ribágo village and district, ii. 480.

Rice, wild, in the forests south of Bórnu, iii. 161. Cultivated in part of Ádamáwa, ii. 481. In Kebbi, iv. 181, 205, _passim_. Rice tiggra in Bagírmi, iii. 375. Not cultivated in Bórnu, easternmost limit of cultivation, iv. 91. In Bagírmi, 447. Introduced from Egypt to Burrum on the Niger, v. 194. Rice only to be got in the husk, 195. In El Hódh, 505.

Richardson, Mr., his arrival in Tripoli, i. 16. His trouble with the chiefs of Ghát, 239. His death, ii. 203. (For account of his sickness see my letter, published in the Preface to his own Journal.) His grave, 218. His property, 249.

Riverhorses very common in almost all stagnant or running waters of Negroland, _passim_. Their wrath at being disturbed, v. 227.

Rivers, their names in Negroland merely signify water, iii. 299.

Roman remains at El Jem, i. 3; at El Medaina, 12; and near Um e’ Zerzán, 33; in Tarhóna, 68, 70; Gwásem, 93. Ruins in Wádí Talha, 113; in Wádí Tagíje, 117; sepulchres near the well Taboníye, 123, 124; gateway at Gharíya el gharbíya, 126. In e’ Sherkíye, 133. Near Jerma, the southernmost relic of their dominion, 156.

Routes:

Ádamáwa: from Chámba to Báya, iii. 616, 617.

Chámba to Tibáti, ii. 621, 623; Tibáti to the Íbo country, 624.

Chébowa to Láme, ii. 609.

Géwe to Kárnak Lógone, ii. 60; to Lére, 606.

Gidér to Fátawel, ii. 598.

Gúrin to Ray-Búba, ii. 603; Ray-Búba to Ribágo, 604; Ribágo to Saráwu, 606.

Hamárruwa to Yóla, ii. 588; by way of Kóncha. 589.

Kóncha to Jóro-Fángel and Báya, ii. 618, 619; Jóro-Fángel to the Jétem country, 627.

Méso, by Hína, to Íssege, ii. 600.

Morá to Yóla, ii. 591.

Ngaúndere to the Batí, ii. 631.

Óblo to Démmo, ii. 608; Démmo to Lága, 611.

Ray to Láme and Lága, ii. 611; to Lére, 607.

Ray-Búba to Báya, ii. 613; to Mbáfu, 629.

Saráwu, by Gidér, to Fátawel and Bínder, ii. 597.

Yóla, by Gúrin, to Báya, ii. 614.

Ágades to Azawád, i. 568; to Bílma, 558; to Damerghú, 558; to Marádi, 556; to Sókoto, 555; to Tawát, 560.

Desert, western half; Átar to Tejígja or Rashíd, v. 511; Tejígja to Jáfena, 512.

Aúlef to Mabrúk, western road, v. 459.

Bakel, by Asába, to the frontier of Tagánet, v. 515.

Hamda-Alláhi, by Sʿa, to Kábara, v. 476: to Káñima, 477; to Kahaide, by Meshíla, 517; Kahaide to the frontier of Tagánet, 514.

Ínzíze to Gógo, v. 458.

Kasambára to Bú-Jedúr, v. 492; to Jawára, 491; to Kóla, direct, 498; to Mesíla, 493; to Nyámina, 494; by Murja to Nyámina, 495; to Tishít, 505; to Waláta, 490.

Kasr el Barka to Bú-télimít, v. 512; to Kahaide, 513; Kahaide to the frontier of Tagánet, 515.

Meshíla to Bakel, v. 522.

Murja to Mekoye, v. 497.

Sansándi to Kasambára, zigzag, v. 498; to Timbúktu, 482.

Tawát, by Mabrúk, to Timbúktu, v. 457.

Timbúktu, by Gúndam and Yówaru, to Hamda-Alláhi, v. 467; by Basikúnnu, to Sansándi, 481; to Waláta, 484; to the hillet Sídi el Mukhtár, iv. 454, _note_.

Wadán to Ághadír Dóme, v. 550; to El Khat, circuitous, 510; to Rashíd, by El Khat, 510; to Tishít, 508; to Waláta, 509.

Waláta to Sansándi, v. 488, 489.

Yówaru to Tenéngu, v. 468; to Ya-saláme, 472, _note_.

Dar-Fúr:

Tendélti to Ám-majúra, iii. 584; to Runga, 583.

Déndina province: from Sókoto to Komba, on the Niger, iv. 544.

Yélu to Yáuri, iv. 538.

Gurma and Mósi provinces: from Bóne, by Konna, to Hamda-Alláhi, v. 465; Champagóre to Landó, iv. 599.

Hómbori, by Konna to Hamda-Alláhi, v. 465.

Jíbo to Kaye, iv. 561.

Káñima to Hamda-Alláhi, v. 478.

Kaye to Wóghodoghó, iv. 561; to Belússa and Belánga, 563.

Kirotáshi to Wóghodoghó, iv. 558.

Komba to Majóri, v. 554; to Sansanne Mangho and Salga, 554.

Máni to Kong, iv. 562; return, 563.

Píssela to Dóre, iv. 564.

Salga, by Kong, to Tañéra, iv. 557.

Ségo to Méggara, iv. 565.

Tánkurgú to Sansánne Mangho, iv. 560.

Yágha to Belánga, iv. 560.

Yendi to Yágha, iv. 263, _note_.

Kánem: from ʿAlímarí to Kárnak Lógone, iii. 488.

Berí to Taghgel, iii. 486; Tághgel, by ʿAlímarí, to Moíto, 488.

Bír el Kurna, by Bír el ʿAtesh and Mússebí, to Egé, iii. 491; Egé to Yen or Beled el ʿOmiyán, 493.

Mʿawó to Taghgel, iii. 484.

Routes in Kánem in the sixteenth century, iii. 498-520.

Ngégimi to Egé, iii. 491.

Yʿawó to Mʿawó, iii. 489.

Kanó and neighbouring provinces: from Dárasó to Yákoba, ii. 584.

Kanó to Katab, ii. 570; Katab to Yákoba, 573; Kanó to Yákoba, 571; to Zinder, 559; by Záriya, to Keffi-n-Abdezénga, 562.

Jemmáʿa-n-Darróro to Keffi-n-Abdezénga, with branch to Láfiya Beréberé, ii. 566.

Katágum to Shéra, ii. 585; Shéra to Yákoba, 587.

Keffi-n-Abdezénga to Tóto and Fánda, ii. 567.

Záriya, by Katab, to Darróro, ii. 564.

To Yákoba, from different points, ii. 575.

Wádáy and Bagírmi: from Babáliyá to Moíto, iii. 616.

Busó to Miltú, iii. 590; to Bang-Day, 600.

Cháken to Kim, iii. 598.

Fittrí to Mʿawó, iii. 586, 587.

Kúkawa, by Logón Bírni and Busó, to Bang-Bay, iii. 613.

Láffaná to Bang-Bay, iii. 596.

Lay to Sálin, iii. 599.

Mábbelé to Fong, and from Fong to Busó, iii. 602; to Lay and Kim, 598.

Más-eñá to Báng-Bay, iii. 600, 604; to Busó, by Laíry, 594; to Gógomi, 592; to Kénga Matáya, 594; to Kírbe, 591; to Láffaná and Busó, 589; to Laíry and Moíto, by Kólle, 596; to Mʿawó, by Gáwi, 615; to Méddebá, 617; to Moíto by Debába, 596; to Músgu, 603; to Runga and Sillá, 608; to Sálin, 599; to Wára, 563, 565, 569.

Miltú to Gógome, iii. 591.

Miltú and Day, and from Day to Lay, iii. 601.

Sheníni, by Ógrogó, to Bórorít, iii. 572; to Dumta, 577; to Jurlú, 577; to the Móku, or iron mines, 579; to Nyéseré, 578; to Sillá, by way of Ándelá, 580; to Sillá, direct, 581.

Wára to Dumta, iii. 575; to Runga, 583; to Sheníni, 570; to Wádi ʿOrádha, 587.

Yáuri province: from Bunza to Yáuri, and from Yáuri to Kotá-n-koró, iv. 547.

Zabérma province: from Aúgi by Máuri and Zabérma to Támkala, iv. 547.

Yéni to Kúrfay, iv. 548.

Zanfara province: from Bánagá to Ánka and to Kotór-koshé, iv. 524.

Kanó to Sókoto by Káuri-n-Namóda, iv. 522.

Rúdu, sleeping-hut, described and figured, iv. 127.

Ruined monastery in the Schʿabet Um el Kharáb, i. 108.

Rumá, historical notice of the, iv. 431. At Bamba, notice of the, v. 161. In Sébi, on the Niger, 470, 479. Their complexion, 191.

Sʿa, important town on Upper Niger, and neighbourhood, v. 476; in former times, iv. 421.

Sabón Bírni, walled town, iv. 124.

Sahara, districts and tribes of, between Ázawád and Timbúktu on one side, and El Hódh and Bághena on the other, v. 548.

Sʿaíd ben Sálah, chapel of, i. 13. Legend concerning, 19.

Saint Augustine’s statement regarding the use of bulls for chariot- drawing by the ancient kings of Fezzán, sculptures confirming, i. 199.

Sakomáren tribe, account of the, i. 565.

Sála, walled town of Kebbi, iv. 195.

Salákoró village, v. 499.

Salga, chief town of Gonja, emporium of the gúro trade, noticed, iv. 556.

Salla-léja, religious festival at Ágades, i. 429.

Salt, a commercial staple of Timbúktu, v. 23. Prices of in Timbúktu, v. 25, 138. Salt and gold, principal articles of barter from the most ancient times, 24. Bitter quality of salt of Bilma, i. 504. Excellence of salt of Taödenni, iv. 228. How it is obtained, v. 24. Salt of Ingal, i. 465. Crust of, on elevated ground, i. 148. Cornfields, thickly encrusted with, 159. Localities of, between Asïu and Tawát, i. 565. Prepared from capparis and neat-dung, iii. 44, 45. Mode of extracting from earth in the vale of Fógha, iv. 228. Mode of preparing, and saltpits at Kalála village, v. 427. Mode of preparing in Bumánda, on the Bénuwé, ii. 502, _note_. In Miltu, on the Shári, iii. 45. Want of, how deeply felt, iv. 611, _note_.

Salt trade in Kanó, ii. 132. In Timbuktu, iv. 485; v. 24.

Salt caravan, i. 504. Estimate of its number, ii. 43. _See_ Airi.

Sanchérgu, farming hamlet, iv. 251.

Sand-hills between Shiyátí and El Gharbi, journey over, i. 148-153. Menace the plantations, 151. Isolated sandhills without water, called Aukár, or Ákela, v. 529. Immense ridges of sandhills in the Western desert, 541, 546.

Sánem ben Hamedán, ruins of the temple of, i. 79.

San-koré, mosque of, iv. 479; how restored, v. 82.

San-shirfu, the Kádhi, v. 577.

Sansánne ʿAísa, walled town, iv. 128.

Sansánne Mangho, Mandingo town, iv. 555. The gold weight of, v. 23.

Sanyáre town, iv. 389.

Sár described, iii. 610.

Saráwu, important double village; hut described, ii. 438, 439.

Sarayámo town and inhabitants, iv. 372.

Sáre-dína town, on upper Niger, v. 517.

Say, important town on the Niger, iv. 241. Market, 244-247. Its importance for European traffic, 247. Second residence at, v. 295. Market, 297. Appearance of the Niger at, 298.

Say, valley of, v. 293.

Scorpion, effects of bite of a, iii. 163.

Scott the sailor, v. 471.

Sculptures in the desert, i. 196.

Sebba, chief place of Yágha, town and inhabitants, iv. 275-280. Hut described and figured, 275-277.

Sebkha, explanation of the term, i. 10.

Séfuwa dynasty, its foundation in Kánem, ii. 262. Of Berber origin, 269.

Segéro village and neighbourhood, ii. 431.

Selúfiet, valley and village, i. 317.

Senhája tribe noticed, iv. 586.

Senudébu village and hills, v. 285.

Sepulchre of Sídi Mukhtár at Timbúktu, v. 57.

Sepulchral monument in Wadi Tagíje, i. 116. At Taboníye, 123.

Sepulchres of the Músgu, iii. 190.

Sesamum, cultivation of, ii. 95, 433, 655. In Adamáwa, ii. 506; iii. 336, 356, 447; v. 293.

Sfákes, halt at, i. 4. Voyage hence to Zarzís, i. 4, 9.

Shabáre village, iv. 89.

Shʿabet el Kadím, Roman milestones near, i. 97.

Shʿabet Um el Kharáb, Christian remains in the, i. 108.

Shámo district, ii. 376.

Shárí river, iii. 313, 325, 331. Places on the, from Búgomán upwards, 588; from Búgomán downwards, 617. Meaning of name, iii. 209.

Shechéri village, v. 384.

Sheikh Sídi Áhmed el Bakáy arrives in Timbúktu, iv. 449. First interview with, 453, 457. Religious discussions with, 483, 510. His attachment to his family, 485. Pedigree of, iv. 567. Two poems by, 568. Translated, 574. His letter of recommendation, v. 642. His unceasing kindness, v. 14. Delivers a lecture on the equal rank of the prophets, 42. Prays at the sepulchre for his mother-in-law’s soul, 57. His noble family, 163. Parting with, 239.

Shell money, mode of reckoning, ii. 28. Shells principal currency in Kanó, ii. 142; recently introduced into Kúkawa, 311; current in Múniyó, iv. 52; in Zinder, 82; in Sókoto, 162, 170; in Gando, 200; in Say, 246; in Yágha, 278; in Dóre, 290; in Timbúktu, 443. In Bunka, v. 352. No currency in the country towns of Bórnu, ii. 311. In Ádamáwa, ii. 446. In Bagírmi, iii. 381. None in Ísayé, iv. 332.

Shibdáwa village, rich scenery, ii. 86.

Shigge, term for cotton in Western Negroland, iv. 443, _note_. Kserát shigge, v. 500.

Shinghít town and inhabitants described, v. 510, 537. Extension of name, Shenágita, _ib._

Shirts, common white of Bórnu, the commercial medium in Kánem, iii. 75; also in Bagírmi, 381; and in Ádamáwa, ii. 471; even in Kúkawa, for buying large objects, 311. _See_ Tobes.

Shitáti district, vales of, iii. 107. Shitáti tribe called after the district, iii. 484.

Shúwa Arabs, notices of the, ii. 355. Population, notices of, iii. 136. Villages, 154. Remarkable characteristics, 136, 371. Amount of their cavalry, iii. 524. S. native Arabs.

Shúwa tribes in Bagírmi, iii. 544; in Wádáy, v. 544.

Sídi Álawáte, interview with, iv. 401. Presents extorted by, 439. Religious discussion with, 445.

Sídi ʿAlí ben Sálah chapel and ruins, i. 72.

Sídi ʿAlí, merchant in Kanó, ii. 102; v. 358.

Sídi Mohammed, El Bakáy’s elder brother, arrives at Timbúktu, v. 45. Interests himself in my favour, 53. His character, 83.

Síggedim oasis, v. 436.

Silla, very important town on upper Niger, where cotton weaving first flourished, v. 30.

Silk cotton tree, immense specimens of, placed at the gates of many a town in Negroland. ii. 89; v. 347.

Sing-melék, the Vizier, in Wádáy, iii. 553.

Sírba river, iv. 268. Reed-raft, 269. Country beyond, 271. Its appearance at Gárbegurú, v. 283; and at Kuttukóle, v. 284.

Sínder town and island, in the Niger, v. 273.

Síttahe village, iii. 272.

Slave-hunting and butchery, iii. 194, 203. Consequences, 224.

Slavery in Ádamáwa, ii. 502.

Slavery and the slave trade, influence of firearms and civilization upon the increase of, iii. 133. Domestic—its quiet course, ii. 23, 151.

Slave trade in Kanó, ii. 131.

Slaves cruelly treated by the Tebú, v. 414. Yoked to the plough in the valley of Aúderas, i. 387. Prices of, in the countries S. of Bagírmi, iii. 381. In Más-eña, 420.

Smelting furnaces described and figured, iv. 265.

Smoking, Músgu passionately fond of, iii. 208. Inhabitants of Niger likewise, v. 161.

Snake, large, killed, iii. 57.

So or Soy tribe, of its former power, ii. 277, 638, 639. Reduced by the king Edrís Álawóma, 651. One of their former capitals, iii. 279.

Soda, corn-fields thickly incrusted with, i. 159.

Sóf e’ jín, rich valley, its fertility, i. 104.

Sókna town noticed, v. 448.

Sókoto, present state of, iv. 155. Aspect of the country, 166. Rulers of, 527. Fúlbe tribes in, 528.

Sókoto town described, iv. 173. Second visit to, v. 333. Swollen torrent, 335.

Song of Sheikh ʿOthmán, iv. 531.

Songhay, historical notices of, iv. 406. Its civil polity, 416. Provinces, 418-422. Commerce, 428. Army, 429. And neighbouring kingdoms, chronological table of, 579.

Songhay, independent, between the Niger and my route by Yágha and Libtáko, chief towns and residences of the, v. 652. An inhospitable race, iv. 238; v. 238. Their mode of carrying water in buckets, iv. 318.

Songhay and Fúlbe costume and weapons, v. 286.

Songho-sáre, farming village, iv. 236.

Sonni ʿAlí, king of Negroland, iv. 413, 593. Plunders Timbúktu, 594. Conquers Bághena, 594. Drowned, 596.

Spider, large poisonous, v. 175.

Stirrups, Arab, valuable properties of, iii. 129.

Subterranean villages in the Ghurián, i. 48.

Súdo-melle market-place, iv. 555.

Sugúrti tribe, costume of, ii. 329.

Súk town, notice of, v. 181, 458.

Sulléri town, ii. 461, 517; described, iv. 44.

Súmmoli, peculiar species of wild cat, described iii. 168.

Sungúruré village, iv. 127.

Superstition, ii. 183; iii. 370.

Surk, tribe, iv. 504; v. 468.

Súwa-búwa, well of, iv. 48.

Súwa-Kolólluwa well, iv. 84.

Syllebáwa, or Sissílbe, divisions of the tribe, iv. 182, _note_.

Taboníye, Roman sepulchres near this well, i. 123, 124.

Tábu, or great army of the Awelímmiden, v. 60.

Tademékket tribe, historical notice and subdivisions of, v. 560. The town called Tademékka by the Arab geographers, iv. 498, 583; v. 181, 458.

Tagabáta village, mountain scenery, v. 285.

Tagáma, account of the habits of this tribe, i. 527.

Taganáma town described, ii. 181.

Tagánet, district of Western desert, described, and Moorish tribes in, v. 532.

Tagánet, other more limited district of same name to the north of Timbúktu, v. 460, 463.

Tágelel, village of Ánnur, described, i. 548.

Ta-gherbúst and picturesque fountain, i. 26.

Tághist valley, celebrated place of prayer, i. 385.

Tahónt-n-éggish, first rocky island in the Niger, v. 171.

Tailelt tobes, i. 434; ii. 129, _passim_.

Tájakánt tribe keep up the communication between Timbúktu and Morocco, iv. 489, 516; v. 33.

Tákala town, v. 653.

Tákulum, valley of Kánem, iii. 105.

Talba, walled town, iv. 207.

Talisman, curious one at Taganáma, ii. 183.

Tamarind-tree, its beautiful shady character, principal ornament of Negroland, i. 543. First full-grown specimen, ii. 9; splendid specimens, ii. 320; iv. 64; on the Niger, v. 158, 250. Silkworm feeding on the leaves of the tamarind-tree, ii. 129, _note_. The fruit the most refreshing drink, iii. 377, _passim_. Best medicine for usual tropical disease, iii. 449; with fried onions, pleasant lunch, iv. 172.

Tamkí, dress and food of the, iii. 607.

Tanéra town, iv. 558.

Tántanah, mountain, probable [uncertain] identification of, i. 251.

Tarabanása, their camp and costume, v. 102.

Táramt district, W. of Gógó, v. 238.

Tarhóna, the district and its ruins described, i. 64-74.

Tasáwa territory, revenues of, ii. 16. The town and its inhabitants, 19. Market, 30.

Tasáwa, village of Fezzán, i. 178.

Taútilt camping-ground described, v. 106.

Tawárek, _see_ Imóshagh, chiefs arrive at the camp near Tasáwa village, negotiations with them, i. 183. Their continual advance into Negroland, ii. 100; iv. 4. Chiefs at Timbúktu, letter of franchise obtained from, iv. 507. Encampment, 339-342. Costume, 350. Want of unity, v. 41.

Tawásh, Roman sepulchre near, i. 156.

Tawát, the people of the chief merchants in Ágades, i. 397. In Timbúktu, iv. 489; v. 36. My chief protectors, v. 72, 123. Their relation to the French, 124. Said to pay tribute to them, 431. The horse of Tawát, i. 423, _note_.

Tebu, form of the name, ii. 269; iii. 505. Their near relation to the Kanúri, ii. 275, iii. 77. Their long wars with the former, 636. Their tribes, families, and settlements, iii. 493. Their former settlements in Kánem, iii. 514, 515. Their settlements along the Komádugu, ii. 216, 653; iv. 18, 20. Their cruelty towards their slaves, v. 415. The towns and villages along Tebu road, v. 425. Their predilection for dried fish, v. 433. Their commercial journeys to Mándará, ii. 444.

Tefínagh inscription, i. 274. Writing, v. 116.

Tegérri village in Fezzán, v. 442.

Teghdaust, important tribe of western desert, v. 527.

Tejígja, town in the district Áderér, v. 532.

Tektáke village and inhabitants, v. 515.

Teléshera peak, ascent of, i. 501.

Telísaghé, remarkable sculptures at, i. 196.

Temáshight, story of the Prodigal Son in, v. 639; vocabulary, 565, 638.

Tenge village, v. 492.

Téngik, the most elevated peak in Aïr, i. 309, 317.

Tents, the kind suitable for travellers in hot climates, i. 85. Advantage of a few days’ residence previous to starting, 86.

Téra and its inhabitants, v. 552. The last Songhay king’s leave-taking in Téra, iv. 619.

Terguláwen well, dangerous locality, i. 523.

Termites used as food, iii. 4. _See_ Ants.

Tessémmak described, i. 188.

Tewíwa and its population, i. 160.

Thníye e’ seghíra and Thníye el kebíra, rugged passages, v. 441.

Tiboráwen, rapids of the Niger near, v. 251.

Tídik valley, i. 311.

Tígóre, farming village, iv. 237.

Tíggeda valley described, i. 381.

Tíggera-n-dúmma mountain group, v. 437.

Tigger-urtín and its inhabitants, i. 172.

Tihóre, village, iv. 239.

Tillage, peculiar mode of, in Bagírmi, iii. 368, 400.

Tilli town and inhabitants, iv. 221; v. 319.

Timbúktu, approach to, iv. 403. Political situation, 432. View over the town, 441. Plan of a house, 449. The great mosque, 476, 589. Mosque San- koré, 589. Ground plan of the town, 477. Description of the town, 480. Its former extent, 479. Population, 482. The inundation, 513; subsides, v. 49. Its origin, iv. 410. When founded, 584. Becomes dependent on Melle, 588. Destroyed by the King of Mósi, 590. Visited by Ébn Batúta, 591. Becomes known to Europeans, 591. Conquered by the Ímóshagh, 592. Plundered by Sonni ʿAlí, 594. Becomes more important, _ib._ Conquered by Jodar, 616. Commerce, 515. Present commercial relations of, v. 17. Commercial importance of its position, 37. Identity of its language with that of Ágades, i. 418. Why so few trees in the town, iv. 475. Not considered very healthy, 507. Late hours, v. 3, 65.

Timme town, v. 466.

Tímmísau well, footprint of Moses’s horse near, v. 458.

Tindírma town, iv. 420; v. 470.

Tínge town and inhabitants, iv. 310.

Tin-ger-égedesh, notice of the tribe, v. 201.

Tin-rássen, interesting incident in African warfare at, v. 189.

Tin-shamán, former capital of Ásben, i. 336.

Tin-sherífen district, v. 179. Appearance of the Niger at, 185.

Tin-tagh-odé, important village of, i. 321.

Tin-téggana valley, i. 485.

Tintéllust valley described, i. 333. Village residence of the powerful chief Ánnur, _ibid._ Deserted, 484.

Tintúmma desert, v. 418.

Tinýlkum, account of this tribe, i. 174. Their conduct in our adversities, 300, 301, 306.

Tishít town, its inhabitants and produce, v. 506.

Tobacco cultivated in Kátsena, ii. 90. Of Kátsena much esteemed, iv. 99. Little cultivated in Bórnu, 108. Varieties in or near Timbúktu, v. 36. In Ghérgo, 153. Bamba and Égedesh, 165. Cultivated in great extent by the Músgu, iii. 208, 229. Formerly in great extent along the Niger, v. 107, 158. Prohibited in Timbúktu, v. 36, 82. Tobacco chewed with natron by the Kél-owí, i. 389.

Tobes, varieties of, ii. 126; made in Sansándi, v. 236.

Toe, destruction of the little, by a flesh worm, iii. 345.

Tolba, or Zuwaye, peaceable tribes of Arabs, identical with the term Aníslimen among the Tawárek, v. 525, _passim_.

Tombs in Músgu country, iii. 190.

Tombo province and inhabitants, notice of, iv. 550.

Tóndibi mount, v. 205.

Tóndifú village, iv. 240. Swarms of birds at, v. 300.