Part 34

_Ammianus Marcellinus_, an ingenious writer, iii, 323; a native of Antioch, 324.

_Ammonius_, iii, 293.

_Amphilochia_ yielded by the son of Cassander to Pyrrhus, i, 554.

_Amphipolitans_ receive the Chalcidians and drive out the old Athenian colony, i, 419.

_Amulet_, iii, 355.

_Amulius_, i, 112.

_Amynander_ drives the Macedonian garrisons from Athamania, ii, 203.

_Anagnia_, town of the Hernicans, i, 247; loses its political existence, 503; becomes a municipal town of the second class, 503; receives a provost from Rome to administer justice, 503.

_Anaitis_, her temple in Comana plundered, ii, 407.

_Ancient literature_ revived, iii, 232.

_Ancona_, the March of, a country with a very temperate climate, and exceedingly healthy, ii, 94; its constitution in recent times, 398; its mole and harbour built by Trajan, iii, 223.

_Ancus Marcius_, his conquest very credible, i, 125; he is a Sabine, 131; establishes Latins on the Aventine, 131; founds the colony of Ostia, 132.

_Andalusia_, the Latin language, forbidden there by punishment of death, dies away within a hundred years, i, 145; Latinized, ii, 258.

_S. Andreas_ IN BUSTA GALLICA, church in Rome, i, 384.

_Andriscus._ See Pseudophilip.

_Andronidas_, ii, 248.

_Q. Anicius_, a Prænestine, plebeian ædile, i, 495, 521.

ANNALES BERTINIANI, FULDENSES, etc., their arrangement, i, 5.

ANNALES MAXIMI _or_ PONTIFICUM, i, 5; for the earlier times restored afterwards, 6; according to Servius divided into eighty books, 8; Cicero’s opinion on them, 8; one may form an idea of them from the passages which Livy quotes from them at the end of the tenth book, 8; Livy’s copy began with the year 460, 8; according to Diomedes they were still continued in his time, 9; the probable cause of their having ceased in the times of P. Mucius is the publication of the _acta diurna_, 9; destroyed in the burning of the town by the Gauls, 83.

_Annius of Viterbo_, his forgeries, i, 141.

_Antagoras_, ii, 198.

_Anthemius_, emperor, iii, 345.

_Antibes_ (Antipolis) conquered, ii, 220.

_Antigonea_, founded by Pyrrhus, the present Argyrocastro, ii, 153; _fauces Antigoneæ_, 153; victory of Flaminius, 155.

_Antigonus Doson_ (Epitropus), guardian of Philip, i, 144; in the last years of his guardianship the Macedonian empire recovers, 145.

_Antigonus the One-eyed_, killed in the battle Ipsus, i, 553.

_Antigonus Gonatas_, abandoned by his troops, i, 569; again appointed king, 569; marches to Argos, 569; decay of the Macedonian empire during the later years of his reign, ii, 144.

_Antioch_, the seat of wit, iii, 257; many Christians there, 273; sacked by the Persians, 280; battle, 286.

_Antioch_, the people of, their frivolity and luxury, iii, 311; rouse the wrath of Theodosius, 322.

_Antiochus Epiphanes_, his character correctly described in the book of the Maccabees, ii, 207; his connexion with Perseus, 211; war against Egypt, 220; his last disease, 390.

_Antiochus the Great_ of Syria, allies himself with Philip III. against Ptolemy Epiphanes, ii, 147; conquers Perinthus, Ephesus, and Lycia, 148; bears unjustly the surname of the Great, 165; better than the princes of his house who had the same name, 166; extent of his rule, 166; negociations of the Romans with him, 167; rejects Hannibal’s advice, 170; lands in Greece, 171; battle of Thermopylæ, 173; returns to Asia, 173; his fleet commanded by Hannibal, 175; conquered near Myonnesus, 175; evacuates the Chersonesus, 176; falls back into Lydia, 176; offers to conclude a peace, 177; battle of Magnesia, 178; peace, 179.

_Antiochus Hierax_ war against Ptolemy Euergetes, ii, 182.

_Antiochus Soter_, ii, 166.

_Antiochus Theos_, an utterly infamous prince, ii, 166.

_Antipater_ L. Cœlius. See Cœlius.

_Antiquities_, the study of Roman antiquities makes rapid progress in the beginning of the 16th century, i, 68.

_Antium_, at first Tyrrhenian, afterwards Volscian, i, 223; sprung from the same stock with Rome and Ardea, 223; conquered in 286 by the Romans, 274; receives a Volscian colony, 274; opposition; the old citizens call in the Romans, 274; receives a colony of Romans, Latins, and Hernicans, 274; _Antiates mille milites_, 274; restored to the Volscians, 286; severed from Rome, 390; a marine colony, 450; its fate after the Latin war, 450; laid waste, ii, 372.

_Antonia_, daughter of M. Antonius and Octavia, Drusus’ wife, iii, 104; mother of the emperor Claudius, 181.

_M. Antoninus_ marries one of his daughters to Pompeian, a Greek, i, 62; in his reign, there remains only the art of casting in bronze, iii, 224; his real name Annius Verus, 236; called by Hadrian, Verissimus, 236; different accounts concerning his adoption, 237; his beauty, 238; character, 238; meditations, 238; correspondence with Fronto, 238; stoicism, 239; love of his subjects, 239; his monumental column very much damaged, 242; goes to the East, 245; _dialogista_, 245; Avidius Cassius’ opinion on him, 245; his death, 246; he sells the valuable things of his palace, 248; his equestrian statue, a noble work, 275; writes very good Greek, 324.

_M. Antoninus Magnus_, son of Septimius Severus, iii, 254; see Caracalla.

_T. Antoninus Pius_, grandson of Arrius Antoninus, adopted by Hadrian, iii, 231; emperor, 236; married to Galeria Faustina, 236; a native of Nemausus, 236; his history little known to us, 236; his surname _Pius_, 236; his wars, 236; his character, 237.

_Antoninus Diadumenianus_, son of Macrinus, iii, 260.

_Antonius._ See Primus.

_C. Antonius_, consul, Cicero’s colleague, iii, 24.

_C. Antonius_, brother of the triumvir, receives the province of Macedon, iii, 86; executed by Brutus, 96.

_L. Antonius_, brother of the triumvir, places himself at the head of the malcontents against Octavian, iii, 102; the Perusian war, 103; makes up with Octavian, 103.

_M. Antonius_, consul, ii, 339; orator, 349, 373.

_M. Antony_, tribune of the people, iii, 52; makes his passage to Illyricum, 59; quarrels with Dolabella; both of them equally bad, 70; offers to Cæsar the diadem, 76; his behaviour after Cæsar’s murder, 82; delivers a funeral oration for Cæsar, 83; is not among his heirs, 83; administers Cæsar’s property, 84; makes away with the greatest part of the money, 85; chooses Cisalpine Gaul for his province, 86; shows himself friendly to the _optimates_, 86; although a bad man he might be gained over, 86; incensed against Cicero, 87; besieges Dec. Brutus in Mutina, 87; goes to Gaul, 90; imperator, 90; triumvirate, 91; battle of Philippi, 97; his moderation after the war, 99; falls into the nets of Cleopatra, 101; peace of Brundusium, 103; marries Octavia, 104; gets the empire of the east, 104; unsuccessful attempt against Sicily, 105; of Misenum, 105; campaign in Media, 108; divorce from Octavia, 110; marries Cleopatra, 110; his fleet, 111; battle of Actium, 111; his death, 113.

_Antonius Musa_, physician of Augustus, iii, 146.

_Antrodoco_, the defiles of —, disgracefully abandoned by the Neapolitans in 1821, i, 477.

_d’Anville_, his maps of Italy to be recommended, i, 76; characteristics, 76; C. Niebuhr always spoke of him in the highest terms of acknowledgment, 77.

_Anxur_, i, 344; conf. Terracina.

_Aous_, river, ii, 153.

_Apennines_, geologically different from the mountain ranges of Southern Italy, ii, 8; ways leading through them to Italy, 52; roads through them, 89.

_Aper._ See Arrius.

_Apollodorus of Damascus_, his likeness is the most ancient of an artist which we have, i, 61; iii, 221; architect of Trajan, iii, 221.

_Apollonia_, dependent on the Romans, ii, 48, 153; iii, 58, 84.

_Appeal_ to the people, done away with, ii, 297; it had only been allowed for _judicium publicum_, 297; source of the modern appeal, iii, 117.

_Appia Aqua_, i, 518.

_Appian_ has borrowed from Fabius, i, 20; closely follows the track of Dionysius of Halicarnassus, 20; his sources, 252; a jurist from Alexandria, lives in Rome during the reigns of Hadrian and Antoninus Pius, greatly befriended by Fronto, 60; iii, 237; his history arranged after the _Origines_ of Cato, i, 60; he knew well how to choose his sources, 60; his ignorance particularly of geography, 61; editions, 61; on the _ager publicus_, 252; the groundwork of his history of the second Punic war, is taken from Fabius, ii, 62; is the only source for the third Punic war, 240; has copied from Polybius, 240; otherwise below criticism, 240.

_Appian_ road built, i, 517, 518.

_Apuleius._ See Saturninus.

_Apuleius_, to be placed among the first geniuses of his age, iii, 234; shows talent wherever he has a subject, 235.

_Apulia_, description of the country, i, 477; clothed in winter with fine and excellent grass, 478; joins Pyrrhus, 557; a mild, sunny district, ii, 95; a breeze rises there every afternoon from the east, (the sea), 102; part of it falls away from the Romans after the battle of Cannæ, 107; under arms in the Social war, but without having any share in the Italian state, 352.

_Apulians_ of the same stock as the Opicans, i, 99.

_Aqua Appia._ See Appia.

_Aqua Claudia_, the finest Roman aqueduct, iii, 189.

_Aqua Marcia_, ii, 339.

_Aqua Marrana_, i, 188.

_Aquæ Sextiæ_, first Roman colony beyond the Alps, ii, 308; gets the Roman franchise in virtue of the _lex Julia_, 354.

_Aqueducts_ of the emperors are of brick, with a cast of mortar in the middle, i, 138; of the Romans, 518; of Appius, 518.

_Aquila_, town in Latium, founded in the middle ages, i, 77.

_Aquileia_, besieged by Maximin, ii, 269; battles, 321; destroyed, 341.

_Aquitanians_ are pure Hispanians, i, 367; of the Iberian race, in Guienne, iii, 42; conquered by Crassus, 46.

_Arabia_, vassal kingdom of Persia, iii, 253; Arabia Petræa, made a Roman province by Trajan, 220.

_Aræ Flaviæ_, on the military road from the Main to Augsburg, iii, 216

_Aratus_ sacrifices Corinth and the liberty of Greece, not to let Cleomenes have the authority which was due to him, ii, 145.

_Aratus_, the poet, ii, 199; the paraphrase of the phænomena is by Domitian, 209.

_Arbiter_, one only was needed in criminal causes, ii, 297.

_Arbogastes_, a Frank general, commander of the army of Valentinian II., rises against him, iii, 321.

_Arcadians_, an essentially Pelasgian people, i, 96.

_Arcadia_, its position completely changed, i, 390; Achæan, ii, 151.

_Arcadius_, iii, 328.

_Archelaus_, commander of the army of Mithridates in Greece, ii, 369; defends himself in the Piræeus, 375.

_Archidamus_ of Sparta employed by the Tarentines, i, 461; killed on the day of the battle of Chæronea, 463.

_Archimedes_ builds a ship for Hiero, which is sent by the latter to Alexandria, ii, 17; defends Syracuse, 117.

_Architecture_, its different stages of development, iii, 222; its decline under Hadrian, 275.

_Archytas_, the Leibnitz of his age, i, 461; seven times called to the office of general, 461.

_Ardaburius_, iii, 336.

_Ardaschir_, son of Babek, of the race of Sassan, king of the Persians, iii, 264; restores the old fire-worship, 264; sets up monuments in Persepolis, 264; is called by the Greeks Artaxerxes, 265; war against the Romans, 265.

_Ardea_, the war of Tarquin the Proud against Ardea is fabulous, i, 198; is of the same stock with Rome and Antium, 223; insurrection, 343; make head against the Gauls, 381.

_Ardeates_, the decision between them and the people of Aricia was pronounced by the Curies, i, 94.

_Ardyæans_ in northern Illyricum, are under the protection of Rome, ii, 146; overcome by Philip, 146; their country ceded to him by the Romans, 147.

_Arevaci_, a Spanish people, ii, 220; a tribe of the Celtiberians, 260.

_Argolis_ Archæan, ii, 151, 163.

_Argos_, a Pelasgian word, probably meaning town, i, 101; synonymous with Peloponnesus, 101; also for Thessaly, 101; the republican party calls in Pyrrhus against the aristocrats, 569; the latter summon Antigonus to their aid, 569; devastated by the Goths, iii, 280.

_Argyrocastro_, very important pass, ii, 147; the old Antigonea, 153.

_Aricia_, in a grove before its gates, was the sanctuary of the Latins, i, 186; Porsena defeated there, 213; after the Latin war it does not receive the franchise, but becomes an independent municipium, 448; laid waste by Marius, 372.

_Ariminum_, colony of, ii, 50; opens its gates to Cæsar, iii, 53.

_Ariobarzanes_, Persian governor of Pontus, ii, 360; king of Cappadocia, 363, 407.

_Ariovistus_, ii, 43; acknowledged by the Romans as a sovereign king, 43; defeated near Besançon, 43.

_Aristænus_, Achæan strategus, ii, 156.

_Aristæus_, a Pelasgian hero from Arcadia, i, 96.

_Aristarchus_, the period from him to Dio Chrysostomus is an intermediate one, which has no distinct character, iii, 228.

_Aristides_, Ælius, a most disagreeable writer, iii, 235; his declamation on the battle of Leuctra, 235.

_Aristion_, sophist, tyrant of Athens, ii, 364.

_Aristippus_, tyrant of Argos, i, 569.

_Aristobulus_, historian, i, 470.

_Aristobulus_, pretender to the crown of Judæa, made prisoner by Pompey and led in his triumph, iii, 11.

_Aristocracy_, as it was in the earliest times in Rome, i, 164.

_Aristocrats_, their hypocrisy, ii, 87.

_Aristonicus_, a bastard son of Eumenes, usurps the throne of Pergamus, ii, 266; defeats Crassus, 267; overcome by Peperna, 267.

_Aristotle_, ii, 6; the text of his Politics is derived from a single MS. of the fourteenth century, 6.

_Armenia_, nature of the country, iii, 7; acknowledges the _majestas populi Romani_, 161; vassal kingdom of the Romans and Parthians, 240; recognised as a tributary dependency of Rome, 296.

_Armenians_, Gibbon’s remark on the change in their character, iii, 7; slight Tiberius, 170; their princes are Arsacidæ and Christians, 313.

_Arminius_, iii, 156; a Roman knight, 157.

_Arnobius_, his erudition is of great value to us, iii, 293.

_Arpi_, chief town of Apulia, i, 477; returns to the side of the Romans, ii, 110; taken by Hannibal, 120.

_Arpinum_ conquered by the Samnites, i, 501; reconquered by the Romans, 504; municipal town, large and important; a Cyclopian town; birthplace of Marius and Cicero, iii, 15.

_Arretinian_ vessels of baked red clay, i, 135.

_Arretinus_, Leonardus, i, 67.

_Arretium_ makes peace with Rome, i, 509; governed by the Cilnians; besieged by the Gauls, 546; razed to the ground, ii, 383; military colony, 385.

_Arria_, wife of Thrasea Pætus, iii, 191.

_Arrian_, a distinguished man, iii, 239.

_Arrius Aper_, præfectus prætorio, iii, 290.

_Arsacidæ_, the younger branch of them on the Parthian throne in Armenia, iii, 191.

_Arsia_, the forest of, the battle there is purely mythical, i, 208.

_Arsinoë_, daughter of Ptolemy Auletes, iii, 62.

_Artabanus_, king of the Parthians, iii, 258.

_Artavasdes_, king of Armenia, iii, 107.

_Artaxata_ conquered, iii, 191.

_Artillery_, its masses mark the decline of intellectual spirit and humanity in warfare, ii, 17.

_Art_ in Rome, i, 498; its decline in the third century, iii, 295.

_Arulenus._ See Rusticus.

_Aruns_, a common Etruscan name, i, 136.

_Arvernians_, have the _principatus Galliæ_ at time of the second Punic war, ii, 125; defeated by the Romans, 308; they never raise their head again, iii, 42.

_Arx_ of Rome climbed by the Gauls, i, 383.

_Arymbas_, prince of the Molossians, i, 552.

_As_, is worth one stiver and a half (²⁵³⁄₄₀₀ penny sterling), i, 181.

_Asconius Pedianus_, a writer of first-rate historical learning, ii, 385.

_Asculum_, battle, i, 564; massacre of the Romans, ii, 352; victory of the Romans, 356.

_Asiatics_ were merely archers, i, 176.

_Asia_, kingdom of, ii, 183; province, 267; its division in the seventh century, 361; chastised by Sylla, 377; the name of Tiberius Claudius a general prænomen there, iii, 193.

_Asinii_ are Marrucinians, ii, 300.

_Asinius_, Herius, father or grandfather of Asinius Pollio, iii, 107.

_Asinius Pollio_ taxes Livy with Patavinity, i, 51; is said to have still been living after C. Cæsar’s death, 52; iii, 37, 60; in Spain, 87; his frankness, 92; his opinion on Cicero, 95; does not declare for Antony, though in his heart he is for him, 93; protects Virgil, 93; enemy to Sextus Pompey, 104; united with Domitius Ahenobarbus, 105; the motives his conduct, 107; his style very unequal, 129; forms the connecting link between two generations, 130; historian, 130; his opinion of Livy may have arisen from party spirit, 141.

_Asclepieum_, a hallowed place in Carthage, ii, 243.

_Aspar_, iii, 336.

_Aspis_, town in Africa, ii, 20; conf. Clupea.

_Assignatio_, i, 256.

_Associations_ in the states of the ancients, i, 160.

_Astapa_ rising against Rome, ii, 129.

_Astronomy_, flourishes, iii, 237.

_Astura_, river, the position of which is not known; battle, i, 447.

_Asylum_ on the Capitol, i, 116; the old tradition of the asylum has reference to the clientship, 170.

_Atella_, i, 453; as periœcians of Capua conquered by Rome, ii, 114.

_Atellan plays_, ii, 194; extemporised, 194.

_Athamania_, Macedonian, ii, 203; the Macedonian garrisons driven off by Amynander, 203.

_Athanasius_, bishop, iii, 309.

_Athens_, the registers of mortgages very prolix there, i, 333; pay of the soldiers since Pericles, 351; alone raises itself to general Greek patriotism, 461; wishes for peace in the beginning of the Peloponnesian war, ii, 475; its relations to its allies change about Ol. 100, after the battle of Naxos, 248; the character of the _Demos_ much changed in the Peloponnesian war, 514; unfortunate expedition to Sicily, 574; had in the Peloponnesian war and immediately after no other ships but penteconters, triremes and _lembi_, ii, 12; fallen to the lowest ebb, 48; keeps aloof from all political activity, 146; alliance with Rome; isopolity, 148; cenotaphs, very likely referring to the second Illyrian war, 149; involved in hostilities with Philip, 149; temples pulled down, tombs demolished, 149; applies to its allies, especially to Rome, 149; has still some schools, but poesy and even the art of speech dead, 152; a separate state, 163; treated by the Romans, down to the times of Sylla, with particular favour, 163; receives Scyros, Delos, Imbros, Paros, 164; quarrels with the Oropians, 249; remains a _libera civitas_, 256; opens its gates to Mithridates, 364; the communication with the Piræeus seems not to have been free since the times of Antigonus Gonatas, 376; a small hamlet in the time of Pausanias, 376; anarchy, iii, 13; adorned by Hadrian, iii, 230; receives a theatre and an entire new town, 230; burned and sacked by the Goths, 280.

_Athenagoras_, iii, 235.

_Atia_, married to C. Octavius, iii, 83.

_Atilius._ See Regulus, Serranus.

_C. Atilius_, consul, goes to Sardinia, ii, 52; lands at Pisa, 54; killed near Telamon, 55.

_A. Atilius Calatinus_, ii, 16.

_Atina_, conquered by the Romans, i, 496; probably gets the rights of citizenship by the _Lex Julia_, ii, 354.

_C. Atinius Labeo_, Trib. Pleb., ii, 269.

_Atintanians_ conquered by Philip, ii, 145; their country given up by the Romans, 147.

_M. Atius Balbus_ married to a sister of Cæsar, iii, 83.

_Attalus_ of Pergamus conquers Lydia, ii, 146; allied with Egypt, 148; his fleet combined with that of the Romans, 155; defeats the Galatians, 182.

_Attalus_, brother of Eumenes, ii, 221.

_Attalus_, præfectus prætorio, proclaimed emperor by Alaric, iii, 383.

_Attalus Philometor_ of Pergamus, ii, 266; bequeaths his kingdom to the Romans, 266; leaves a treasure, 283.

_Atticus_, T. Pomponius, his annals were only tables, i, 35; is also called Cæcilius, 39; friend of Cicero, iii, 18.

_Attila_, son of Rugilas, iii, 339; the main strength of his empire is in German tribes, 339; devastates the Eastern empire, 339; goes to Gaul, 340; lays siege to Orleans, 340; battle in the _Campi Catalaunici_, 340; in Italy, 341.

_Attic law_ belongs to a later time when the forms were already very polished, i, 296.

_L. Attius_, author of _prætextatæ_, ii, 195; of tragedies, 393; form of his poems, 393; is not called Accius or Actius, 393.

_Attius Navius_, augur, i, 139.

_Attius Tullius_ in Antiam, ii, 288.

_Auerstedt_, battle, ii, 91.

_Cn. Aufidius_, a contemporary of Cicero in his youth, wrote history in Greek, i, 23.

_Aufidius Bassus_, iii, 185.

_Aufidus_, river near Cannæ, ii, 99.

Αὐγούστειοι, iii, 130.

_Augsburgh_, the guilds are there the ruling power in the fourteenth century, i, 168; of fifty-one houses, thirty-eight become extinct in one hundred years, 446; the chambers (_Stuben_); the meetings of the houses, 539; founded, iii, 152.

_Augural system_, i, 256.

_Augural divinations_, an inheritance of the Sabellian peoples, i, 154.

_Augurs_, their number doubled by Numa, two Ramnes, and two Tities, i, 124; are to represent the three tribes, 130; later number, 130.

_August_, month of, its name, iii, 114.

_Augustan_ age, not Augustean, iii, 130.

_St. Augustine_, one of the greatest minds, i, 224; exaggerates, 535; the Punic language is his mother tongue, ii, 5; as writer, iii, 325; his eloquence, 326.

_Augustinus_, Antonius, i, 312.

_Augustus_ assigned to every region a certain number of _vici_ without counting how many there were of them, i, 172; was an actor in all he did, iii, 32, 86; named, 115; his consulships, 116; wants to lay down his power as dictator, 116; _Imperator_ as _prænomen_, 117; not altogether free from superstition, 117; proconsular power over the whole of the Roman empire given him, 117; censor, 117; tribune, 117; pontifex maximus, 118; purifies the senate, 119; _princeps senatus_, 119; has the control over the finances of the whole empire, 120; assigns fixed appointments to the governors of the provinces, 121; _legati Augusti, pro consule, pro prætore_, 121; new division of the city, 123; his division of Italy, 124; his private fortune, 124; his power absolute in the provinces, 125; founds military colonies, 125; his susceptibility towards Horace, 135; an uncommonly fine man; there are many busts and statues extant of him, 142; a remarkable man, 142; his courage, 142; a bad general, 142; his good qualities, 142; his domestic relations, 143; a thorough profligate, 143; Livia’s influence on him, 143; his physical constitution, 146; incensed against Tiberius, 147; his buildings, 148; campaign against the Dalmatians, 149; against the Cantabrians, 149; his memoirs little notice taken of, 150; poetry, letters, 150; shuts the temple of Janus, 151; German wars, 152; the defeat of Varus puts him utterly beside himself, 160; his death, 160; his burial, 161; not a close-fisted manager, 173.

_Aurei_, iii, 302.

_Aurelian_, emperor, yields Dacia to the Goths, ii, 147; general of Claudius Gothicus by whom he is recommended as emperor, iii, 284; obscurity of his history, 285; peace with the Goths, 285; war against Zenobia, 286; against the soldiers of Tetricus, 286; defeats the Germans near Fano, 287; murdered, 287; insurrection of a master of the mint, 302; fortifies Rome, 330.

_C. Aurelius Orestes_, Roman commissioner in Achaia, ii, 249.

_M. Aurelius Antoninus._ See Elagabalus.

_Aureolus_, pretender, iii, 284.

_Auruncians_, their invasion twice told by Livy, i, 222; Auruncians and Ausonians are the same, 223; advance as far as Latium, 224; subjected, 435; their cities destroyed by the Romans, 494.

_Ausonius_, tutor of Gratian, iii, 316; a bad poet, 323.

_Auspices_ are valid for the plebes only in later times, i, 270; were taken for the centuries and curies only, 406.

_Austerlitz_, battle, false reports concerning it, i, 222, 531.

_Autun_ lies in ruins until the reign of Diocletian, iii, 282.

_Auxilia_, iii, 125.

_Aventine_ and Palatine hostile, i, 113; the city of the plebeians, 115; Latin settlement there under Ancus, 132; always occupied by the plebeians, 311; a sort of suburb of Rome, iii, 123.

_Aventinus_, John, quotes some verses from the Nibelungen (Waltharius), i, 13.

_Avidius Cassius_, iii, 241; his descent, 243; restores discipline, 244; victorious against the Parthians, 244; proclaimed emperor, 244; murdered, 244; his son murdered without the knowledge of M. Antoninus, 245; his letters, 245.

_Avitus._ See Elagabalus.

_Avitus_, Flavius Mæcilius, emperor, iii, 343; takes possession of the see of Placentia, 343.

B

_Badajoz_, founded, iii, 150; conf. Pax.

_Bagaudæ_, iii, 332.

_Bagradas_, river in Africa, iii, 21.

_Bahram_, king of the Persians, iii, 290.

_Balearic isles_ subject to the Carthaginians, ii, 5; subdued by the Romans, 307.

_Ballistæ_ invented at Syracuse, i, 354.

_Barbarians_ never fought in dense masses, i, 176.

_Barbatus._ See Horatius.

_Barbié du Bocage_, i, 76.

_Barbula._ See Æmilius.

_Barkochba_, iii, 230.

_Bardylis_ creates in the days of Philip an empire in Illyria, ii, 46.

_Barka_, meaning lightning, the Syriac form, ii, 35.

_Bartholomæus_, i, 67.

_Basbretons_ belong to the race of the Cymri, ii, 322.

_Basilicæ_, ii, 190; Basilica Æmilia, iii, 50.

_Basiliscus_, general of the eastern empire against Carthage, iii, 345.