Part 45

_Saxo Grammaticus_, tries to change the Danish Saga into history, i, 13.

_Saxons_, according to Wittikind, come out of Britain into Germany, according to the usual account from Germany to Britain, i, 102.

_Scævola_, interpreted, the left handed, means in the family of the Scævola, amulet, i, 211.

_Scævola_, see Mucius.

_Scaliger_, Joseph, receives without any hesitation the details of ancient history, i, 2, 38, 170; great philologist, iii, 235.

_Scansion_, by long and short syllables is Greek, ii, 197.

_Scarphea_, defeat of the Achæans, ii, 253.

_Scaurus_, historian, i, 36.

_Scaurus_, defeated by the Cimbrians and Teutones, ii, 324.

_Scaurus_, M. Æmilius, ambassador to Jugurtha, his character, ii, 312; Cicero holds him in great respect, 313; becomes quæsitor in Africa, 316; Cicero’s apostrophe to him, iii, 19.

_Schärtlin_ von Burtenbach, ii, 394.

_Schilhas_, ii, 5.

_Schiller_, the great characters in Mary Stuart reviled, i, 461; struggles with the form, iii, 140.

_Schlegel_, Friedrich, iii, 339.

_Scholiast_ to the Ibis of Ovid, i, 578.

_Schoolmen_, iii, 348.

_Schools_, grammatical, existed in Rome until beyond the seventh century, in Ravenna even down to the eleventh, i, 53.

_Schottus_, Andreas, finished the annals of Pighius, i, 69.

_Schrader_, i, 387.

_Von Schütz_ Major-General, a distinguished general, ii, 85.

_Schubert_, misled by Pighius, i, 69.

_Schulting_, i, 387.

_Schwytz_ had its government and its territory not according to its subdivision, i, 157; the country people divided into four quarters, afterwards into six, 173, _note_.

_Scepticism_ of the seventeenth century, i, 71.

SCINDERE VESTEM, i, 268.

_Cn. Scipio_, killed in Spain, ii, 121.

_Scipio_, L. Cornelius, brother of Africanus, consul, ii, 176; most insignificant, 177; conquers near Magnesia, 178; impeached, 184; found guilty, 185.

_Scipio_, L. Cornelius, consul, democrat, ii, 378.

_Scipio_, P. Cornelius, father of Africanus, consul, puts in at Marseilles, ii, 76; arrives at the Po whilst Hannibal was descending the Alps, 82; battle on the Ticinus, 83; wounded, 83; joined by Sempronius, 83; slain owing to the faithlessness of the Celtiberians, 121.

_Scipio_, P. Cornelius, Africanus, is the first to get a surname from a place which he had conquered, i, 217; not fully equal to Hannibal as a general, ii, 62; his letter to Philip of Macedon on his achievements, 62, 199; forgets himself after the victory, 66; well acquainted with Greek literature, 66; is said to have rescued his father from the battle on the Ticinus, 83; offers to go to Spain, 122; compels the young Romans after the rout of Cannæ to take an oath not to go away, 122; surnamed the Great, 122; his character, 122; takes Carthago nova, 123; puts down an insurrection in his camp, 130; goes over to Africa to visit Syphax, 131; consul, 132; is to be made consul and dictator for life, 133, and _note_; receives Sicily as a province, 133; supported by the Etruscan and Umbrian states, by the Sabines, Picentines, and Marsians, and others, 133; stays in Sicily, 134; crosses over to Africa, 135; gains, with the assistance of Masinissa, an advantage over the Carthaginians, 136; attacks the camp of Hasdrubal and Syphax, 136; conditions on which he first proposes to conclude the peace with Carthage, 138; battle of Zama, 140; opposes the demand for the extradition of Hannibal, 168; sent to treat with Antiochus, 170; conversation with Hannibal, 170; legate of his brother, 177; censor, 177; sick in Elæa, 177; his son taken prisoner, 177; the year of his death uncertain, 184; charges against him, 184; goes to Liternum, 185; his death, 193; goes as Roman commissioner to Carthage, 229.

_Scipio_, P. Cornelius, Paulli F., ii, 236; is not called Æmilianus, 237, _note_; character, 237; consul, 239; destroys Carthage, 243; against Numantia, 262; his cruelty, 263; declares against Tib. Gracchus, 289; his death, 290.

_Scipio_, Q. Cornelius, Pompey’s father-in-law, iii, 66.

_Scipio Nasica_, has written the history of the war of Perseus, ii, 199; son-in-law of Scipio Africanus, 213; did not wish Carthage to be destroyed, 231; is son of him who was called “the Best,” 231; conquers Andriscus, 246.

_P. Scipio Nasica_, grandson of “the Best,” heads the coalition against Tib. Gracchus, ii, 279; encourages consul Mucius Scævola to take strong measures, 286.

_Scipio Serapio_, origin of his surname, ii, 336.

_Scipiones_, P. and Cn., _duo fulmina belli_, ii, 35, 121; sent to Spain, 120; establish themselves in Tarragona, 120.

_Scirians_, i, 371.

_Scordiscans_, overrun Greece, ii, 308; their dwellings, iii, 3.

_Scotland_, sailed round by Agricola, iii, 211.

_Scribæ_, their class, i, 515; do the work of the officials, 515; minutes of the prætors kept by them, 515; did services for the bankers, 515.

_Scribonia_, wife of Augustus, mother of Julia, iii, 143.

_Scriptores historiæ Augustæ_, iii, 236; their incapacity, 245, 250; it is impossible to separate the several vitæ, 245.

_Sculptures_, on the arch of Antonine far inferior to those of the time of Trajan, 224.

SCUTA introduced, i, 352.

_Scutari_, (now Scodra,) residence of Genthius, ii, 211.

_Scyros_, Athenian, ii, 164.

_Scythed chariots_, an Asiatic invention, found among the Celts, especially in Britain, ii, 179.

_Scythians_, i, 369.

_Sebastian_ of _Portugal_, one of them very likely the true king, ii, 245

_Sebastian_, Julian’s general, iii, 313.

Σεβαστός, translation of Augustus, iii, 117.

_Secessio_ of the Plebes, i, 236; said to have lasted four months, but cannot have lasted longer than a fortnight, 238; its result by no means a decisive victory of the plebeians, 243; under the rule of the decemvirs, according to some on the _Mons Sacer_, according to others on the Aventine, 311.

_Secretaries_, imperial, the statutes detestably drawn up by them, iii, 276.

_Sedulius_, Cælius, iii, 326.

_Segestæans_, Pelasgian or Doric people at the foot of Mount Eryx in Western Sicily, i, 575; betake themselves to the Carthaginians as their refuge, 575; boast of Troian descent, ii, 15; relieved by the Romans, 15.

_Segida_ a town of the Celtiberians, ii, 222.

_Segur_, Marshal, his regulation, that only nobles were to hold commissions, i, 543.

_Seius Strabo_, of Vulsinii, father of Sejanus, iii, 174.

_Sejanus_, Ælius, friend of Tiberius, iii, 174; præfectus prætorio, 174; his character, 174; aims at supreme power and wishes to root out the whole of the emperor’s family, 175; his downfall, 176.

_Selden_, i, 164, _note_.

_Seleucia_, reduced by Trajan, iii, 220; conquered by Avidius Cassius, 241.

_Seleucidæ_, poor in great men, Seleucus himself hardly deserves to be so called, ii, 165.

_Seleucus Callinicus_, suffers shipwreck, ii, 25; alliance with Rome, 50; war against Ptolemy Euergetes, 182.

_Seleucus_, brother of Antiochus, ii, 166.

_Selinuntians_, an Ionic people, i, 575.

_Selinus_, in Cilicia, afterwards Trajanopolis, iii, 221.

_Selinus_, in Sicily, destroyed by the Carthaginians, ii, 4.

_Semo_, see Sancus.

_Sempronius_, see Gracchus.

_Ti. Sempronius Longus_, consul at the outbreak of the second Punic war, ii, 73; sent to Africa, 74; lands at Malta, 83; returns, 83; dismisses his soldiers with orders to meet him again near Ariminum, they march to the Trebia and join Scipio, 84.

_Ti. Sempronius Tuditanus_, concludes peace for the Romans with Philip, ii, 147.

_Sena Gallica_, battle, ii, 126.

_Senarius_, may be Greek, iii, 198.

_Senate_, of one hundred persons, i, 118; the senate of the third estate was not consulted until the other two had voted, 163; had no authority by itself to declare war, 232; nothing could be taken to the Plebes direct from the senate, 269; sets up a bust to the wisest Greek, 296; becomes, towards the middle of the fourth century, an assembly chosen by the people, 335; its power increases, as that of the curies loses, 416; changed into a sort of elective council, its vacancies supplied from the quæstors, ii, 43; conduct towards Scipio, 130; had an unbounded power over the finances, 296; reorganized by Sylla, 386; enlarged, 389; never to be looked upon as a representative body, 389; its number increased by J. Cæsar, iii, 74, and _note_; purified by Augustus, 119; had its regular sittings three times a month, and holidays in the months of September and October, 119; is the supreme court to judge political crimes, 120; only a condemning machine in the hand of the tyrant, 173; was under Hadrian only a set of presumptuous people, 231; the senatorial dignity hereditary, 231.

_Senators_, are judges in all the causes which do not concern quiritary property, ii, 197; their census, iii, 4; no senator should be a general, which must have been different from what is generally believed, 289.

_Senatus consultum de Bachanalibus_, ii, 197, _note_.

_Seneca_, M., his Suasoria, iii, 59; Suasoria and Controversies, 185; writes his Controversies when upwards of eighty, 185.

_Seneca_, L. Annæus, the philosopher, his historical work probably one of the best, iii, 165; humbles himself before Polybus, 183; _Ludus de morte Claudii_, 184; remarkable character, 185; Dio Cassius’ opinion of him, 186; the similarity of his style to that of Rousseau and Buffon, 186; man of the world, Nero’s tutor, 189; enemy of Agrippina, 189; composes Nero’s speech after the murder of his mother, 190; executed, 191.

_Seneca_, tragedies, iii, 139.

_Senecio_, Herennius, writes the life of Helvidius Priscus, iii, 213.

_Seniores_, limited to the defence of the walls only, i, 180; had as many votes as the juniores, 181.

_Senonians_, make their appearance in Gaul, i, 376; their territory, ii, 50.

_Sentinum_, battle, i, 529.

_Septimius_, see Severus.

_L. Septimius_, gives the advice to murder Pompey, iii, 63.

_Septimuleius_, from Anagnia fills the head of C. Gracchus with molten lead, ii, 306.

_Sequani_ rise in Gaul, iii, 42.

_Serena_, niece of Theodosius, married to Stilicho, iii, 328; condemned to death, 330.

_Serpent_ in the camp of Regulus, very likely borrowed from the Bellum Punicum of Nævius, ii, 21.

_Serranus_, Attilius, dictator, the same story told of him as of Cincinnatus, i, 282.

_De Serre_, friend of Niebuhr’s, i, 471.

_Q. Sertorius_, character, ii, 371; induces Cinna to put a stop to the slaughter, 374; breaks the armistice with Sylla, 380; from Nursia, 397; goes to Spain, 398; takes to flight, 399; places himself at the head of the Spaniards, 400; his fanciful belief, 400; war against Metellus, 400; relieves _Caligurris_, 403; sells the hostages, 403; murdered, 404.

_Servile war_ in Italy, ii, 404.

_Servile war_ in Sicily, ii, 264.

_Servilia_, Cato’s half-sister, iii, 77.

_Servilius_, consul, i, 233.

_Servilius_, consul, brings reinforcements to Flaminius, ii, 93.

_Servilius Ahala_, stabs P. Mælius, i, 338; impeached as a murderer, 338.

_Servilius Cæpio_, stepfather of Cato the younger, iii, 76.

_P. Servilius Isauricus_, iii, 3.

_Servilius Nonianus_, historian, iii, 165.

_Servilius_, see Cæpio, Glaucia, Rullus.

_Servius_, appears not to have read Nævius’ history on the Punic war, i, 17; iii, 332.

_Servius_, a standing prenomen in the gens Sulpicia, iii, 193; becomes almost a nomen, so that another prenomen is put before it, 193.

_Servius Tullius_, legends of him, i, 85, 155; in the Tuscan annals called Mastarna, 88; son of a man of rank at Corniculum, 155; all the political law traced back to him, 156; before him the country district was not yet united with the state, 171; divides the town into four, and the country into twenty-six regions, 172; intends to resign the throne and to have two consuls elected, 185; war against the people of Cære, and of Tarquinii, 185; his reign probably very short, 185; alliance with the Latins, 186; his great rampart, 190; his legislation bears the impress of a Latin stamp, 191; has to be carried through almost by force, 193; attempts to murder him, 193; murdered, 193.

_Sesterces_, done away with, iii, 302.

_Setia_, i, 344.

_Settlers_ and cultivators of the soil alone had a vote in the plebeian tribes, i, 174.

_Seven-Years’-War_, compared to the second Punic war, ii, 61.

_Severus_, see Alexander.

_Severus_, Cæsar in the West, iii, 297; Augustus, 298.

_Severus_, Cornelius, fragments of his, iii, 140.

_Severus_, Libius, emperor, iii, 344.

_Severus_, Septimius, general on the Illyrian frontier, iii, 246; proclaimed emperor by the Pannonian and German legions, 250; enters Rome, 251; from Leptis, thoroughly Punic, 251; a good writer both in Greek and Latin, 251; writes his memoirs, 251; leans to foreign religions, astrology, and soothsaying, 251; gives protection to Christianity, 252; his cruelty, 252; war with Pescennius Niger, 252; gains over Albinus, 253; wars against the Parthians, 253; in Britain, 254; causes himself to be adopted as the son of M. Aurelius, 254; his measures but little known, 255; fine busts and statues from his age, 275.

_Sextilis_, month, receives the name of August, iii, 114.

_L. Sextius Lateranus_, tribune, i, 396; first plebeian consul, 407.

_Sextus Empiricus_, iii, 237.

_Shaftesbury_, ii, 314.

_Shakespeare_, connects awful natural phenomena with frightful moral ones, ii, 92.

_Shaw_, fixes with admirable precision the point where Scipio landed, ii, 135.

_Sibylline books_, after the destruction in Sylla’s time, made up again by collations, i, 7.

_L. Siccius_, the story of his assassination seems to be a poetical figment, i, 309.

_Sicelus_ comes from Roma on the south to the Pelasgians, i, 116.

_Sicily_, its language was Greek and Arabic, which afterwards utterly disappears, i, 145; rent in factions owing to the death of Agathocles, 566; natural features of the island, ii, 8; mountains in the South of Italy belong geologically to Sicily, 8; laid waste by the first Punic war, 40; modern Sicilians, next to the Portuguese, rank lowest among the nations of Europe, 40; fates of the island, 40; Roman province, 40; condition after the Punic war, 264.

_Siculians_, name of the Pelasgians in Italy, Sicily, and Epirus, i, 97.

_Siculio_, part of the town of Tibur, i, 100.

_Sicyon_, Ætolian, ii, 151.

_Sidicines_ of Teanum, sprung from the same stock as the Volscians, not limited perhaps to that town, i, 423; league against the Samnites, 436; war of the Romans, 455.

_Sidonius Apollinaris_ iii, 325.

_Sieges_, sample of them, i, 354.

_Sigambri_, i, 46, 152; reduced by Drusus, 153; by Tiberius, 154; rising under Vespasian, 242; call themselves Franks, 277.

_Signia_, colony of Tarquin the Proud, i, 197, 344.

_Sigonius_ has not the least idea of historical criticism, i, 3, 56; arranges the Roman Fasti, 68; his works on Roman antiquities recommended, 269, _note_.

_Sigovesus_, general of the Gauls, i, 368.

_Silanus_, defeated by the Cimbrians and Teutones, ii, 324.

_Dec. Silanus_, iii, 23.

_Sila_, forest, half of it yielded by the Bruttians to the Romans, i, 571; of great value for ship-building, 571.

SILEX, basalt, i, 518.

_Silius Italicus_, has paraphrased Livy, i, 53.

_Silva Ciminia_, i, 362.

_Simonides_ sings the achievements of Gelon and Theron, ii, 3.

_Singara_, battle, iii, 306; taken by Sapor, 309.

_Singeric_, iii, 335.

_Sirmium_, Probus wishes to drain the fens in the neighbourhood, iii, 289.

_Sisenna_, his work extended from the time of Jugurtha to the consulate of Lepidus, i, 37; ii, 389.

_Sismondi_, i, 175.

_P. Sitius_, of Nuceria, an adventurer, iii, 67.

_Slaves_, who gained their freedom, stood to their late masters in the relation of clients, i, 170; punished with death if they presumed to take to themselves the honour of military service, iii, 159; admitted into the army by Augustus, 159; Greek, had a good education in Roman houses, 183; black, in the American colonies, their language, 232.

_Slave-trade_, its extension after the Punic wars, ii, 265.

_Slave-market_ at Delos, ii, 265.

_Slavonic_ nations, their advance from the East sets the Germans in motion, iii, 242.

_Smyrna_, free, ii, 183; earthquake, iii, 237.

_Soæmis_, daughter of Mæsa, iii, 259.

_Social war_, scantiness of our information, ii, 350; its division, 355.

_Socii_ and Latini opposed to the agrarian law of Gracchus, ii, 282; afterwards sacrificed by the oligarchs, 283; conspiracy of the Socii, 291; C. Gracchus’ intentions with regard to them, 299; armed in the Roman manner, true legions, iii, 43.

_Solois_, Carthaginian, ii, 4.

_Solon_, introduces the Attic law of mortgage, i, 229; his legislation contained regulations concerning matters of momentary interest, i, 278; two of his laws met with in the Pandects, which does not prove that the Roman law had sprung from the Attic, 295.

_Sonnino_, division of the landed property there, ii, 274.

_Sophonis_, _Sophonisbe_, daughter of Hasdrubal, son of Gisgo, marries Syphax, ii, 135; takes away her own life, when Scipio demands her extradition, 137.

_Sora_, i, 456; taken by the Samnites by treachery, 494; conquered by the Romans, 497; restored, 497; retaken by the Samnites, 501; reconquered by the Romans, 504.

_Soranus_, Bareas, iii, 191.

_Sosilus_, wrote a history of the second Punic war, staid in the camp with Hannibal, spoken of with censure by Polybius, ii, 62.

_Southern_ people are able to stand heat and frost better than others, ii, 330.

_Spain_, the royalist volunteers belonged to the very lowest of the people, i, 513; southern S., its natural advantages, ii, 59; population of the country, 59; southern peoples have quite a different character from those of the north, 60; have an alphabet of their own, 60; saying of an Arab general concerning them, 60; several towns were republics, 71; not barbarians, 71; overpowered by the Romans, 128; _citerior_ and _ulterior_, provinces, 186; the Roman armies become quite domesticated there, 201; union is wanting, 223; wars with the Romans, 257; character of the Spaniards, 259; southern S. takes up arms for the sons of Pompey, iii, 70; the country on the side of the Mediterranean subject to the Romans, the southern provinces to the Western Goths, 340.

_Spaniards_, probably stood in _catervas_ and fought with small swords and _in cetris_, ii, 10; vanity of the present Spaniards, 160.

_Sparta_, the obligation to military service lasted until the sixtieth year, i, 180; unsuccessful attack of Pyrrhus, 569; stunted, owing to her not making the Lacedæmonians equal to the Spartans, ii, 23; compelled to adopt Achæan νόμιμα, 248; population, 248; severed from the Achæan alliance, 248; defeated in the war with Achaia, 250; remains a _libera civitas_, 256; conf. Lacedæmon.

_Spartacus_, a Thracian, breaks out of a barracks at Capua, ii, 404; escapes to Mount Vesuvius, 405; war, 405.

_Spartianus_, cannot be relied on, iii, 252.

_Speech_, art of, vanished from Greece, had sought a new home among the Asiatic peoples, ii, 152.

_Spendius_, a slave from Campania heading the insurrection of the mercenaries against Carthage, ii, 45.

_Spina_ on the mouth of the Po, i, 142.

_Spoletum_, Roman colony, faithful to Rome in Hannibal’s war, ii, 93.

_Sponsio_, i, 317.

_Stabiæ_, taken by Papius Mutilus, ii, 355.

_Standing armies_, ii, 201.

_Statianus_, legate of M. Antony, iii, 108.

_Statius_, Cæcilius, his comic skill praised by Cicero, ii, 392.

_Statius Gellius_, Samnite general, taken prisoner, i, 504.

_Statius Murcus_, commander of the fleet of Brutus and Cassius, iii, 96; joins Sextus Pompey, 105.

_Statius_, his Silvæ agreeable, his Thebais a cold poem, iii, 210; does not win with the Thebais the Capitoline prize, 210; his poem, the Leptitani, 251.

_Stilicho_ pushes on the Eastern Goths under Radagaise to the Apennines not far from Fiesole, i, 414; iii, 331, 322; was not of Roman extraction, 328; marries Serena, 328; defeats Alaric, 329; conquers Alaric near Pollentia, 330; murdered, 333.

_Stipendium_ introduced, i, 351; monthly, 351.

_Stoic philosophy_ particularly welcome to the Romans, ii, 271; did not raise up any heroes among the Greeks, iii, 68; republicanism in Rome, 206; importance in the time of the emperors, 239.

_Stonians_ stand their ground against the Gauls, i, 368.

_Stories_, the same told in different ways which are entirely opposed to each other, i, 102.

_Strabo_, judicious and excellent, mistaken in thinking of the marshes near Parma as those through which Hannibal passed, ii, 89; eminent for his practical turn for history, iii, 227.

_Strabo_, see Seius.

_Strasburg_, the guilds the ruling power there, i, 168.

_Stratonicea_, ii, 219.

_Styria_, out of two thousand noble families scarcely a dozen remain, i, 140.

_Sucro_ in Spain, ii, 130.

_Suessa Aurunca_, fortified, i, 497, 510.

_Suessula_, i, 453.

_Suetonius’_ life of Cæsar ἀκέφαλος, iii, 29; the dedication also wanting, 29; life of Horace, 134; criticism of the purpose of his work, 164; is a writer who has little of the antique about him, 178; tainted with the profligacy of his time, 179; had no insight into character, 194; not able to do much without books, 204; his book must have been a work of his youth, 205.

_Suetonius Paullinus_ crushes the rebellion in Britain, iii, 191.

_Sueves_ invade Gaul, iii, 42; defeated near Besançon, 43, 46, 211; cross the Rhine, 331; evacuate Gaul, 332; in Spain, 332; defeated by Adolphus, 334.

_Suffetes_, ii, 6; heads of the state in peace, 168; always called by the Greeks βασιλεῖς, 168, _note_.

_Sully_, i, 239, 398.

_Sulpicia_, iii, 138.

_Sulpician_ aims at the sovereignty, iii, 249.

_Sulpicius_, tribune, flies after the battle on the Alia to the Capitol to defend it, i, 378.

_Sulpicius_, his fleet a curse for Greece, ii, 146; does not succeed against Philip, 153; his undertaking a complete failure, 153.

_P. Sulpicius_, tribune, brings forward a motion, that the command against Mithridates should be transferred to Marius, ii, 365; moreover, that the new citizens should be distributed in the old tribes, 366; Cicero’s opinion of him, 366; iii, 17; outlawed, ii, 368; killed, 368.

_Sulpicius Severus_, iii, 326.

_Sunnah_ corresponds in form to the _commentarii Pontificum_, i, 10.

SUPREMA TEMPESTAS, i, 270.

_Surnames_, taken from places, betoken a relation of patrons, i, 217.

_Susa_, iii, 264.

_Sussex_, iii, 45.

_Sutrium_ and _Nepete_, border fastnesses of Etruria against Rome, i, 392.

_Suwarow_, iii, 71.

_Swabia_ was not a German country, has become so only by the Alemanni, iii, 152; little war in the days of Nerva, 216.

_Swabians_, partly called Sueves, and partly Alemanni, dwell on the Maine, iii, 277; break through the _Limes_ and take possession of what is now Swabia, 280.

_Swinburne_ gives a satisfactory description of the ground of the battle of Cannæ, ii, 100.

_Switzerland_, whenever danger threatened from abroad the aristocratical cantons mild to their country districts, otherwise harsh and cruel to them, i, 225; growing prosperity at the time of the Thirty Years’ war, 459; the office of Bailiff sold in the smaller cantons, ii, 7.

_Syagrius_, iii, 347.

_Sylburg’s_ edition of Dionysius excellent, i, 41; not inferior to any philologer of the first renown, 41.

_Sylla_, L. Cornelius, promotes proletarians into the senate, i, 516; treats with Bocchus about the delivering up of Jugurtha, ii, 321, distinguishes himself in the Social War with the main army, 356; consul, 359; character, 359; appointed general by the senate against Mithridates, 360; marches against Rome, 367; conquers near Chæronea, 375; greatness of his character, 378; his return to Italy, 378; confirms all the rights of the new citizens, 379; defeats Norbanus near the Mount Tifata, 380; trace, 380; conquers the younger Marius near Sacriportus, 381; marches upon Rome, 381; goes to Etruria, 382; battle of the Colline gate, 382; has eight thousand Samnites put to death, 383; conduct towards Præneste, 383; proscriptions, 383; his fantastic activity, 385; reorganizes the senate, 385; regulates the consulate and tribunate, 387; deprives the children of the proscribed of their rights as citizens, 387; gives back the administration of justice to the senators, 388; further changes, 388; dictatorship, 390; his disease, 390; death, 391; was not false, 407.

_Symmachus_, iii, 324.

_Symplegades_, according to one legend in the eastern, and according to others in the western sea, i, 102.

_Sympolity_, synonymous to _connubium_ and _commercium_, i, 503.

_Syngraphæ_, i, 388.

_Syphax_, king of the Massæsylians, ii, 131; makes overtures to the Romans, 131; marries Sophonisbe, 135; wishes to act as mediator between Rome and Carthage, 136; defeated by Masinissa, led in the triumph of Scipio, dies at Alba, 136; his statues common, 136.

_Syracuse_ besieged under Agathocles by the Carthaginians, ii, 4; the cradle of mechanical art, 12; falls off from Rome, 114; proclaims the republic, 115; revolution by the mercenaries, 116; conquered, 117; acknowledged by Timæus as the first of Greek towns, 118.