Part 46

_Syria_ at war with Egypt, ii, 145; wins the northern fortresses of Phœnicia, 145; Roman province, iii, 11; one of the finest and richest countries in the world, 12; overrun by the Persians, 280.

_P. Syrus_, iii, 141.

T

TABELLIONES under the emperors, i, 515.

TABULÆ NOVÆ, cancelling of debts, i, 540.

_Tacitus_, his loving memory of his father-in-law, ii, 292; the excellent _dialogus de Oratoribus_, iii, 130, 185; has not described the time of Nerva, 214; has written from the death of Augustus down to Trajan, 164; the Annales were very likely twenty books, 164; throws in the beginning of his _Historiæ_ some light on Galba, 194; his opinion of Otho’s end, 198; his Agricola one of the greatest masterpieces of biography, 211; character of his writings, 224, 225; first edition of Agricola, 224; the _Historiæ_ comprised thirty books, 225; his age did not acknowledge his eminence, 225.

_Tacitus_, princeps Senatus, emperor, iii, 287; the statement of his advanced age deserves little credit, 288; carries on the war against the Alans, 288; dies, 288.

_Tactics_ of the Romans, great light thrown on it by Cæsar’s commentaries and by Josephus, iii, 199.

_Tadjiks_, inhabitants of towns, iii, 264.

_Tænarus_, the gathering place of men without a home, i, 462; ii, 23.

_Talents_ in Appian are not Attic, but Egyptian, i. e., copper talents, iii, 72.

_Talmud_, corresponds in form to the _Commentarii pontificum_, i, 10.

_Tamphilus_, see Bæbius.

_Tanaquil_, lives to see the death of Servius, must at that time have been a hundred and fifteen years old, i, 81, 155; every woman, who is stated to have been Etruscan, is called by the Romans Tanaquil, 137.

_Tarchon_, i, 192.

_Tarentum_ waxes great by the immigration of the Greeks from the other states, i, 459; state of its affairs, 460; constitution, 460; the blame heaped upon it is unjust, 460; calls in Archidamus of Sparta, 461; then Alexander of Epirus, 461; wool dying manufactories, 478; its share in the second Samnite war, 497; calls in Cleonymus against the Lucanians, 510; very likely throughout the Samnite war hostile to Rome, 511; treaty with Rome, 511, 544; excites the people far and near against the Romans, 544, 548; destroys the Roman ships, 549; the citadel given up to Cineas, 556; sold by Milo, 570; garrison of the Romans there, ii, 50; goes over to Hannibal, 110; the citadel remains to the Romans, 110; fallen into the hands of Hannibal owing to treachery, again betrayed to the Romans, 120; colony sent thither by C. Gracchus, 120; loses all its rights, 186.

_Tarpeia_, a Sabine heroine, i, 29.

_Tarquinians_, after their expulsion reside at Laurentum, i, 136; _gens Tarquinia_, 137; treated at first with forbearance, then exiled, 204.

_Tarquinii_, an important town, its connexion with Corinth not to be mistaken, i, 134; its people carry on war against the Romans, 390; threaten Rome, 408; war of them, 413; routed by C. Martius, 413.

_Tarquinius Priscus_, legends of him, i, 81, 185; is a Latin, not an Etruscan, 136; his wife in the old legend a Latin woman, Caia Cæcilia, 137; in all likelihood belongs to the Luceres, 137; his time seems to be parted from the former by a great gulf, 137; _Cloaca maxima_, 138; wishes to double the Romulean _Tribus_, 139.

_Tarquinius Superbus_, stated by Piso to have been the grandson of Tarquinius Priscus, i, 29; at least fifty years of age when he kills Servius, 81; forbids the plebeian Sacra, 173; destroys the laws of Servius Tullius, 184, 194; undertakes immense works, uses the plebeians as bondmen, 194; subjects Latium, 195; presides at the sacrifices of the _Feriæ Latinæ_, 197; said to have founded colonies at Signia and Circeii, 197; Gabii taken by stratagem, 197; his statue remained on the Capitol, 199; goes to Cære, Tarquinii, Veii, 208; his death, 219.

_Sex. Tarquinius_, his outrage against Lucretia, i, 189.

_L. Tarquitius_, master of the horse of Cincinnatus, i, 282.

_Tarraco_, in the beginning of the second Punic war, in possession of the Romans, ii, 69.

_T. Tatius_, dies in the fourth year of the town, i, 84, _note_; gains, by means of treason, a settlement on the Tarpeian Hill, 118; slain at the sacrifice in Laurentum, 118, 121; his memory hated, 121; called by Ennius a tyrant, 121; refuses to the people of Lavinium to give up their kinsmen, 266.

_Taurasia_, battle, i, 567.

_Taurea_, see Jubellius.

_Taurinians_ were Ligurians, i, 370.

_Tauris_, capital of Armenia, iii, 296.

_Tauriscans_ are among the tribes in arms in the war of the Cisalpine Gauls, otherwise only in Carniola, ii, 52; their dwellings, iii, 3.

_Taurominium_, allied with Syracuse, i, 578; opens its gates to the Romans, 581; independent after the first Punic war, ii, 41.

_Taxes_ among the ancients were mostly on land, ii, 183; made superfluous in Rome by the Macedonian booty after the defeat of Perseus, 219; iii, 301.

_Taxiles_, general of Mithridates, ii, 375.

_Tectosages_, tribe of the Galatians, ii, 81.

_Telamon_, near Populonia, battle of the Romans and the Cisalpine Gauls, ii, 55.

_Tellenians_, i, 171.

_Tellus_ and _Tellumo_, deities of the earth, i, 169; temple of Tellus on the Carinæ, 257.

_Telmissus_ comes to Eumenes, ii, 183.

_Temple_ of Penates, falsely called the temple of Romulus, at the foot the Velia, i, 206; that of Venus and of Roma is _summa Velia_, 206; of Virtus and Honos, dedicated by Marcellus, thoroughly stripped in the time of Livy, ii, 119; the temple of Jerusalem plundered by Pompey, iii, 11; of the temple of Apollo on the Palatine nothing is left, 149; the temple of peace built by Vespasian, 207; of Mars Ultor, all the columns of marble, 222; the temples of Venus and Roma erected under Hadrian, 224.

_Tenchteri_, Cæsar’s conduct to them, iii, 44.

_Terentia_, Cicero’s wife, her influence over him, iii, 18.

_C. Terentilius Harsa_ appoints five men to draw up a law, declaring the limits of consular authority, i, 277.

_P. Terentius Afer_ (Terence), ii, 392; conf. Plautus.

_Terentius Culleo_, ii, 185.

_C. Terentius Varro_, consul, son of a butcher, ii, 97; seems unjustly to have been condemned by historians, 98; in the account of Appian, taken from Fabius Pictor, he is far from being so blameable as Livy and Polybius want to make him out, 99.

_M. Terentius Varro_, descendant of C. Terentius Varro, dates the death of Nævius later than others do, i, 18; not a learned philologist in the modern sense of the term, 99; has read an immense deal, but is confused, 103; belongs to the aristocratical party, ii, 98; iii, 56; does not at all write like one who lived in the same age with Cicero, 127; by far less learned in Greek things than in Roman, 127.

_Terina_, i, 458.

_Termantia_, or Termessia, town of the Celtiberians, ii, 260.

_Terni_, origin of the cascade, i, 538; conf. Amiternum.

_Terra di Lecce_ and _Terra di Otranto_, the Greek language extinct there, i, 145.

_Terracina_, Tyrrhenian, called formerly Τραχεινή, i, 110; afterwards Volscian, called Anxur, 223; conf. Anxur.

_Tertullian_, a man of the highest talent, iii, 234; his book against the theatre, 235; should be read much more generally by philologists, 235.

_Tetricus_, C. Pesuvius, emperor in the West, iii, 283, 284; goes over to Aurelian, 286.

_Teuta_, Queen of Illyria, ii, 47.

_Teutoburg Forest_, battle, iii, 157.

_Teutones_, of German stock, ii, 323; may have been chased out of the East by the advance of the Sarmatians, 323; conquered by Marius, 329.

_Teutonic Knights_ at Königsberg, had a book with stories from the O. T., and from the heroic age of Rome, i, 79.

_Thalna_, see Juventius.

_Thapsus_, peninsula with a fortified town, iii, 67.

_Tharyps_, king of the Molossians, i, 552.

_Thasus_, the Phœnician settlement there later than that of Cyprus, ii, 1.

_Theatres_, Greek, had most of them a view of the sea, i, 549; in them the people used to assemble, 549; of Marcellus, iii, 149.

_Thebes_, destroyed, ii, 255.

_Theocritus_, said to have been put to death by Hiero on account of a Satire, i, 578; his idyll Χάριτες, 578; his shepherds are Siculian, not Greek, iii, 131.

_Theodora_, stepdaughter of Maximian, wife of Constantine, iii, 298.

_Theodoric_, king of the Western Goths, iii, 340; his classical knowledge, 343.

_Theodorius_, emperor, colleague of Gratian, iii, 319; native of Spain, 319; character, 320; conquers the Goths, 320; defeats Maximus near Aquileia, 321; against Eugenius, 321; does penance, 322.

_Theodosius_, iii, 335.

_Theology_, of the Romans Etruscan, i, 148; a knowledge of the imperial history indispensable for it, iii, 164.

_Theophilus_, his mistake, ii, 41.

_Theophrastus_, did not yet reckon by Olympiads, i, 149.

_Thera_, rises out of a clod of earth, i, 102.

_Thermantia_, Stilicho’s daughter, Honorius’ wife, iii, 332.

_Thermometer_, its height much less in old times than now, i, 357, and _note_.

_Thermopylæ_, Ætolian, ii, 151; battle, 173.

_Thesmophoriæ_, celebrated by women only, iii, 27.

_Thessalians_, are connected with the Pelasgians, i, 96.

_Thessalonica_, besieged by the Goths, iii, 284.

_Thessaly_, country of Cineas, has produced no other distinguished man, i, 555; well affected to Macedon, ii, 145; part of it Ætolian, 151; blended with Macedon, 151; forms with Phthiotis the Thessalian republic, 163; quite unable to take care of its own affairs, 171.

_Thirty Years’ War_, did nothing but destroy in literature, ii, 395; in the latter years of it the French, Swedish, and imperial armies were equally bad, iii, 201.

_Thrace_, the towns on the southern coast belonged to Egypt, ii, 145; conquered by Philip, 148; a kingdom, iii, 121.

_Thracians_, surprise the Roman army, ii, 204; are not without Greek learning, 309; speak Wallachian, iii, 267; only the seaports and the larger inland towns, Greek, 267.

_Thrasea_, see Pætus.

_Thucydides_ mentions natural phenomena, ii, 92; no other historian of the same spirit rose up after him, iii, 275.

_Thurii_, i, 459; conquered by the Lucanians, 551; by Rome, 551; destroyed, ii, 406.

_Thurinians_, supported by the Romans against the Lucanians, i, 545; erect a statue to Fabricius, 546; the protection of Tarentum withdrawn from them, 551.

_Thysdrus_, provincial town in Africa, iii, 268; insurrection against Maximian, 268.

_Tiberius_, Claudius Nero, a very able ruler, iii, 126; compelled to marry Julia, 147; proud of high birth, 147; goes to Rhodes, 147; adopted by Augustus, heir presumptive, 148; looked upon with gloomy forebodings, 149; campaign against the Dalmatians, 149; suspected of having caused the death of Drusus, 153; receives the command in Gaul, 153; subdues the Sigambri, Bructeri and Cherusci, 154; against Marbod, 155; to Gaul, 159; speaks the funeral oration of Augustus, 161; was in danger of life even when still an infant, 165; has the _quæstura Ostiensis_, 166; goes to Armenia, 166; character, 166; a first-rate general, 166; heir of two-thirds of Augustus’ property, 168; dissimulation, 168; his apparent refusal to undertake the government, 168; did all for peace, 170; hoards treasures, 173; his dread of Livia, 174; gives himself up to the most infamous lusts, 174; Napoleon’s opinion of him, 174; withdraws to Capreæ, 175; declares against Sejanus, 176; poisoned, 177; knew Caligula as the monster he really was, 177.

_Tibullus_, his fortune had suffered in the stormy times in which he was placed, iii, 137; genuineness of his poems, 137.

_Tibur_ seems to have formed a distinct state, hostile to the Romans, i, 413; receives the full franchise by the Lex Julia, ii, 354; declares for Marius, 370; conf. Præneste, Tivoli.

_Tiburtines_, attached to the party of Cinna, iii, 107.

_Ticida_, iii, 129.

_Ticinus_, battle, probably near Pavia, ii, 83.

_Tifata_, Mount, battle, ii, 380.

_Tigellinus_, præfectus prætorio, iii, 192.

_Tigranes_, king of Armenia, iii, 2; extent of his empire, 2; buys the peace with Rome, 11.

_Tigranocerta_, iii, 7; taken by Lucullus, 7.

_Tigurini_, in Helvetia, of Gallic stock, join the Cimbrians, ii, 324; revenge of the Romans, iii, 41.

_Timæus_, source of Ennius, i, 24; statement from him, 98; is the first who reckons by Olympiads, 149; his history of the Samnite wars merely an introduction to that of Pyrrhus, 493; his history of the war of Pyrrhus, 562; ii, 1; lived in Athens, ii, 118.

_Timesicles_, see Misitheus.

_Timesitheus_, see Misitheus.

Τιμηταί of the Greek towns, i, 332.

_Timoleon_ checks the spread of the Carthaginians in Sicily, i, 457; pacifies Sicily, 575; ii, 4.

_Tin_, of great value to the ancients for making copper fusible, ii, 58; even now found principally in England and the East Indies, iii, 45; very great quantities used in ancient times, 45; channels of its trade, 45.

_Tin mines_ in Cornwall, iii, 45.

_Tiridates_ receives Armenia as a fief from Nero, iii, 191; mention of him in the _Mirabilia Romæ_, 192.

_Tiridates_, prince of Armenia, iii, 313.

_Tities_, name of the Sabine tribe, i, 124.

_Titthi_, tribe of the Celtiberians, ii, 260.

_L. Titurius_, his legion annihilated by the Eburones, iii, 46.

_Titus_, son of Vespasian, remains behind in Judæa, iii, 201; carries on the government, 207; very unpopular before his father’s death, 207; his generosity, 208; præfectus prætorio, 208.

_Tivoli_ had in the 15th century fifty times more owners of the soil than now, i, 228; destroyed places in its neighbourhood, 409 and _note_; constitution in modern times, ii, 398; conf. Tibur.

_Toga_, its form, i, 267.

_Toichographies_ of the Greeks, i, 5.

_Tolistoboii_, tribe of the Galatians, ii, 181.

_Lars Tolumnius_, king of Veii, i, 347.

_Tomi_ (Kustendji), lay outside the contiguous Roman empire, iii, 161.

_Tongres_, burnt to ashes, iii, 308.

_Town-house_ in America, i, 450.

_Trajan_, fond of transporting himself into the past, i, 403; has written his memoirs, iii, 214; adopted by Nerva, 215; his descent, 216; goes to Germany, 216; comes to Rome only a year after his accession, 217; his energy, 217; gets the finances into excellent order, 217; the first Dacian war, 218; conquers, 218; second war, 219; successfully ended, 219; war against the Parthians 219; reduces Seleucia and Ctesiphon, 220; makes peace, 220; makes Arabia a Roman province, 220; dies at Selinus, 221; adopts Hadrian, 221; his buildings, 221.

_Trajanopolis_, formerly Selinus, iii, 221.

_Trajan’s pillar_, iii, 212, 223.

TRANSITIO AD PLEBEM, i, 200; iii, 28.

_Trapani_, the Drepana of old, ii, 29.

_Trasimenus_, battle, ii, 91; has great resemblance to the battle of Auerstedt, 91.

_Travertino_, is fire proof, i, 380.

_Treasury_ of Rome during the time of the Social War, ii, 296; well filled at the death of Antoninus Pius, iii, 248.

_Trebia_, locality of the battle, ii, 84; battle of Macdonald against Suwarow in 1799, 86.

_Trebonianus_, Gallus, emperor, iii, 278; concludes a treaty with the Goths, 278; falls, defeated by Æmilianus, 279.

_Trebonius_, a Lucanian name, iii, 37.

_C. Trebonius_, general of Cæsar, takes a part in the conspiracy against him, iii, 79.

_Trent_, a Lombard colony, i, 103.

_Treves_, seat of the Gallic government, iii, 283; _Porta nigra_, 283; destroyed, 308.

TRIARII, i, 441.

_Triballians_, make their appearance in Thrace nine (twelve) years after the taking of Rome, i, 365, 369.

_Tribuneship_, brought back by Sylla to what it was before the Publilian law, ii, 387; no one, after having been tribune, is to have any office, which led to the senate, 387; restored by Pompey, iii, 5.

TRIBUNI ÆRARII, iii, 4.

TRIBUNI CELERUM, not one but four of them, i, 199.

TRIBUNI MILITARES, their number, i, 192; in the army, when complete, there are twenty-four of them, 488.

TRIBUNI PLEBIS, entered upon office on the tenth of December, i, 237; institution of the office, 239; elected by the whole of the community, 239; inviolable, 340; chosen _auxilii ferendi causa_, 340; looked upon like the ambassador of a foreign state, to protect the subjects of his sovereign, 241; their houses open by day and night, not allowed to absent themselves from the city, 241; elected by the centuries, 242; confirmed by the curies, 242; their number at first two, afterwards five, 242; were anything but mutinous, 256; their character changes under Pontificius, 260; no longer confirmed by the curies, 261; impeach the consuls, probably before the curies, 265; after that before the Plebes, 265; their procedure in their motions before the people, 270; receive by the Publilian rogations the initiative, 271; their office not abolished under the first decemvirate, only under the second, 298; ten elected under the presidency of the _Pontifex Maximus_, 312; after the downfall of the decemvirs they enter upon their office in December, 312; the protest of one might paralyze the influence of the whole body, 314; representatives of their order, 314; seem also to have taken auspices, 314; patricians among them, 314, 326; their college divided, 328; their power limited by the _Lex Ælia_ and _Fusina_, ii, 226; arrest consuls, 226; change of the character of the tribuneship, 269; can only check each other, 280; belong to the first families, 281; merely commissioned to bring motions before the people, 281; enter upon office on the ninth of December, 284; take part in the discussions of the senate, 284.

TRIBUNUS, head of a tribe, i, 174.

TRIBUNUS NOTARIORUM, cabinet councillor, iii, 321.

_Tribes_, the names of the oldest Roman tribes Etruscan, i, 148; of Servius Tullius, i, 173; had common Sacra, 173; names of the country tribes taken from heroes, 173; plebeians only received into them, 174; _tribus urbanæ_ were _minus honestæ_, especially the Esquilina, the Crustumina standing higher, 336, 522; there seems to have been discussion allowed in them, 184; their privileges, 184; an appeal to them granted by Servius Tullius, 184; their number reduced from thirty to twenty by the peace of Porsena, 212; tribus Crustumina added as the twenty-first, 212; consist of two decuries, 239; were allowed only to transact business on the Nundines, 269; a curulian magistrate not allowed to be present at their assemblies, 269; mode of voting, 260; become a general national division, 304; might assemble every day, 322; decide on war, 415; after the first Punic war there are thirty-five of them, ii, 185; new tribes formed in the Social war, 357; conjectures on their number, 357, _note_; done away with, 374.

_Tribus Æmilia_, ii, 374.

_Tribus Pupinia_, i, 448.

_Tribus Quirina_, ii, 185.

_Tribus Sergia_, ii, 374.

_Tribus Tarquinia_, i, 204.

_Tribus Ufentina_, i, 466.

_Tribus Velina_, ii, 185.

_Tribute_ of the conquered countries to Rome, iii, 12.

_Trierarchies_ in Rome, i, 405.

_Trifanum_ on the Liris, battle, i, 444.

_Trinundinum_ or _Trinum nundinum_, i, 269, 270.

_Triremes_ of the Athenians had from two hundred to two hundred and twenty men, partly rowers, partly marines, ii, 12; of the Romans and Antiates, ii, 13.

_Triumph_ on the Alban mount, i, 411, _note_.

_Triumphal Fasti_, see Fasti.

_Triumphal arches_ at the entrances of the Forum Ulpium, iii, 224, on that of Severus the falling of the art is to be seen, 224.

TRIUMVIRI, more correctly _tresviri_, i, 544.

TRIUMVIRI AGRORUM _dividendorum_, ii, 284; were not _sacrosancti_, 284.

TRIUMVIRI CAPITALES were perhaps an offshoot of the ædilieian power, i, 406, 543; their offices, 544.

TRIUMVIRI MONETALES, established after the _Lex Hortensia_, i, 406.

_Triumviri reipublicæ constituendæ_, i, 407; iii, 92.

_Trocmi_, tribe of the Galatians, ii, 181.

_Trogus Pompeius_, born near Massilia, used native chronicles, i, 364; of Ligurian extraction, ii, 49.

_Trojans_ to be looked upon as Pelasgians, i, 96.

_Trojan_ immigration in Italy quite unauthenticated, i, 105; mentioned by Nævius, 105.

_Tuarics_ have an alphabet quite distinct from the Arabic, ii, 310.

_Tubero_, Q. Ælius, writes the Roman annals anew, i, 35; no longer knew the old style of language, nor did he see the difference between the institutions of his own day and those of primitive times, 35; made use of documents, 35.

_Tuditanus_, consul, ii, 288.

TULLIA GENS, an Alban clan on the Cœlius, i, 156.

_Tullus_, see Attius, Hostilius.

_Tunes_, _Tunis_, its territory subject to Carthage, ii, 4; the dialect probably still contains Punic and Latin elements, 5; iii, 234; conquered by Regulus, ii, 21.

_Turditanians_, according to the ancients of different race from the Cantabrians, according to Humboldt of the same, ii, 60.

_Turin_, battle, iii, 299.

_Turini_, ancient form for Tyrrheni, i, 102.

_Turnus_, synonymous with Turinus, Tyrrhenus, i, 109.

_Turnus Herdonius_, the tale of him has a highly poetical colouring, i, 195.

_Tuscanica signa_ prized at Rome, i, 153.

_Tuscany_, the grand duke Peter Leopold divided his subjects, and thereby made them bad, i, 451.

_Tusci_, synonymous with Tyrrheni, i, 144.

_Tusculans_, become full citizens after the Latin war, i, 448; put into the Tribus Pupinia, 448; the most renowned Roman families were Tusculan, 448; rising, 480.

_Tusculum_ remains faithful to Rome, i, 390; the theatre there presupposes the performance of native and Greek pieces, ii, 195.

_Twelve Tables_, the laws of the, introduce one uniform civil law for patricians and plebeians, i, 228, 230; their origin, 297; the laws hostile to the liberty of the plebeians were on the two last, 298; constitution after them, 300, 303; the laws were not entirely new, 301; give unlimited right to dispose by will, 301; forbid the enactment of any _privilegia_, 303.

_Tycha_, part of Syracuse, ii, 117.

_Tyndaris_, on the northern coast of Sicily, sea fight, ii, 16.

_Tyrants_, thirty, iii, 281.

_Tyre_, by its connexion with Persia becomes the port for the whole of Asia, ii, 3.

_Tyrrhenians_, old name of the Pelasgian population of Latium, i, 98; among the Greeks the Pelasgian inhabitants of the whole western coast of Italy, 102; go from Meonia to Italy, 102; the name transferred by the Greeks to the Etruscans, 148; dwelt, according to Thucydides, near Athos, and in Lemnos, according to Herodotus, in Attica, near the Hymettus, 143; the national hatred of the Greeks against them in Pindar to be understood of the Etruscans, 151; make their appearance before Cumæ, 214.

U

_Ulixes_, Latin form for Odysseus, ii, 194; Siculian, 194, _note_.

_Ulm_, the guilds the ruling power there, i, 168.

_Ulphilas_, iii, 317.

_Ulpianus_, Domitius, chief of Septimius Severus, iii, 262; of Tyrian origin, but not born in Tyre, 262; murdered, 263; a great jurist, 275; excellent with regard to language, 275.

_Ulster_, it is problematical whether any Cymri had dwelt there, ii, 322.

_Umbrians_, belong to the same stock as the Opicans, i, 99; their language has some resemblance to Latin, 142; Umbria, a district in Tuscany, 146; become tributary to the Gauls, 372; connexion with the Romans, 509; acknowledge Rome’s supremacy, 571; under arms during the Social War, ii, 352, 358; get the Roman franchise, 358.

_Umbro_, river in Tuscany, i, 146.

_Unction_ often applied as a remedy, iii, 252.

_Uri_, the _Beisassen_, a subjugated community, i, 167; the canton oligarchical, 437.

_Usipetes_, Cæsar’s conduct against them, iii, 44.

_Utica_, older colony of Tyre than Carthage, ii, 1; rises against Carthage, 45; throws itself into the arms of Rome, 232; saved by Cato, iii, 69.

V

_Vaccæans_, their subjection, ii, 202; war against them, 231.

_Vadimo_, lake, i, 547.

_Valais_, iii, 43.

_Valckenaer_, iii, 235.

_Valencia_, province, Latinized, ii, 257.

_Valencia_, town, founded, ii, 260.

_Valenciennes_, excavations, iii, 203.

_Valens_, see Fabius.

_Valens_, brother and colleague of Valentinian the First, iii, 315; cruel and cowardly, a fanatical Arian, 316; battle of Adrianople, 319.

_Valentinian_, emperor, an Illyrian, iii, 315; character, 315.

_Valentinian II._, son of Valentinian the First, iii, 316; flies before Maximus to Thessalonica, 321; murdered by Arbogastes, 321.

_Valentinian III._, Placidus, iii, 335; emperor, 335; conspires against Aëtius, 342; murdered, 342.

_Valeriani_, ii, 377; iii, 5.

_Valerianus_ defeats Æmilianus, emperor, iii, 279; censor, 279; his history very obscure, 279; war with the Persians, capitulates and becomes a prisoner, 280; dies in captivity, 281.

_Valerian laws_ restore those of Servius, i, 207.

_Valerius_, see Messalla.

_Valerius_ and _Horatius_, consuls after the downfall of the decemvirs, i, 342; conquer the Sabines, 342.

_L. Valerius_, _duumvir navalis_, sent with his squadron to Tarentum, i, 549; killed, 549.

_M. Valerius_, dictator, i, 235.

_Valerius_, Volesus, and the several contemporary Valerii, i, 200, _note_, 218; belong to the Tities, 200.