Part 41

_Lipariotes_, the guardians of the Tyrrhenian sea against the pirates, i, 428.

_Liparian isles_, sea fight, ii, 15.

_Lipsius_, Justus, i, 240; does not distinguish between the different ages, 240.

LIS VINDICIÆ and _lis vindiciarum_, i, 123.

_Lista_, chief town of the Opicans, i, 103.

_Liternum_, a Latin colony, or _colonia maritima_, between Cumæ and Minturnæ, ii, 185.

_Literature_, Christian, iii, 325.

_Literature_, Grecian, ruinous effects of the great fire at Constantinople, iii, 190.

_Literature_, Roman, under Augustus, compared with that of the French under Louis XIV., and the latter with that under Louis XV., i, 31; the division into golden, silver, &c., ages very preposterous, iii, 185.

_Livia_, mother of M. Cato, iii, 76.

_Livia Drusilla_, wife of Augustus, iii, 143; her sway over Augustus, 143; accused of poisoning C. Cæsar, 148; hatred to Germanicus 160; daughter of Livius Drusus, 165; Tiberius’ fear of her, 174; her death, 174; treated Claudius with particular harshness, 181.

_Livilla_, daughter of the elder Drusus, wife of the younger, iii, 175.

_Livius Andronicus_, ii, 195; makes an abridgment of the Odyssey in the Italian measure, 196; his tragedies, 196.

_M. Livius Drusus_, tries to undermine the popularity of C. Gracchus, ii, 301; founds twelve colonies, 302; whether they were really founded, 302.

_M. Livius Drusus_, son of the former, tribune, ii, 344; his probable aim, 345; his legislation, 345; goes over to the opposition, 348; murdered, 349; denounces the conspiracy of the Italians against the senate, 351.

_Livius Drusus_, father of Livia Drusilla, his real name Appius Claudius Pulcher, iii, 165.

_T. Livius Patavinus_ (Livy), liable to the censure of having made the earlier Roman history into disrepute, i, 4; his statements concerning the booty, etc., are taken from the Triumphal Fasti, 10; his carelessness with regard to making use of historical records, 11; took his description of the time of the kings from Ennius, 24, 80; anachronism with regard to the Origines of Cato, 26; in his first books borrowed many things from Valerius Antias 33; began to write in 743, 45; born in 693 at Patavium, died 772, 45; grounds for fixing the period at which he began to compose his history at so late a date, 45; traces found in the last books of the first decade, that Livy had known Dionysius, 45; died before he had finished his work, 45; the division in decades an original one, 47; in the later decades he paraphrases Polybius, 47; becomes prolix in his old age, 47; the old grammarians reproach him with tautology and palilogy, 48; the preface belongs to the worst parts of the work, 48; was, when he commenced his work, entirely deficient in general historical knowledge, 48; dictated the whole of his work, 49; always took one annalist as his ground work, 49; his talent for description and narration, 50; deficient in comprehensiveness of view, 50; was in early life a Pompeian, 50; iii, 92; reproach of Patavinity, i, 51; the perfect correctness of his style, 51; his amiable disposition, 52; his influence on the later ages, 52; all the MSS. of the first decade may be traced to a single one, 53; missing books of Livy sought for in different parts of the world, 54; fragments of the ninety-first book, 55; condition of the text, 55; commentaries and editions, 56; no quotation from him since Priscian, during the whole of the middle ages, except in Joannes Saresberensis, 67; his account the most unadulterated source for the earlier times, 81; not to be supposed that he had written from the old heroic poems, 92, 136; gives his sources without understanding them, 216; the account of the war of the Auruncians occurs twice in him, 222; does not generally alter the materials which he finds, but merely drops part of them, 241; was, with all his genius, no more than a rhetorician, 327; mistakes, in the second Punic war, a certain Heraclitus for the philosopher of the same name, 329; makes use of Dionysius, perhaps as early as in the fifth book, 364; looks upon earlier Roman history with a sort of irony, 383; wrote history not to give an account of facts, but for the sake of the narrative, 397; is very exact in his histories of the Fabian house, 507; did not think of making any use of Hannibal’s memoirs, ii, 62; the romantic in him may be traced to Cœlius Antipater, 63; in his accounts of the war of Hannibal we may distinguish the different sources, 63; all the speeches of Hanno and others are rhetorical trifles, 68; the description of the siege of Saguntum certainly from Cœlius, 72; opinion on Cicero, iii, 92, 95; literary character, 141; takes pity on Claudius, and encourages him to write history, 182; influence of the rhetoricians on him, 185; whenever he wants to be argumentative he is infinitely harder than Tacitus, 226; stands forth as a great man in his age, 228.

_M. Livius Salinator_, near Ariminum, ii, 126.

_Lixæ_, i, 178.

_Loans_, earliest system of them, i, 387; loan from the rich in Rome ii, 37.

_Locks_, known to the ancients, brought to perfection by the Netherlanders in the fifteenth century, iii, 74.

_Locrians_, Ozolian, Ætolian, ii, 151.

_Locri_, i, 459; taken by the Bruttians, ii, 107; the first Greek town which declares for Hannibal, 107; taken from Hannibal by Scipio, 133.

_Locris_, well affected to Macedon during the war of Hannibal, ii, 145; subject to the rule of the Macedonians, 151; a separate state, 163.

LOCUPLETES, i, 182; _locupletes testes_, 182.

_Logau’s_ poems at the end of the thirty years’ war, iii, 340.

_M. Lollius_, legate, defeated by the Bructeri, iii, 153.

_Lombards_, carried on the money trade in medieval Italy, i, 227.

_Lombards_, fearing rebellions, pulled down the walls of all the conquered towns in Italy, ii, 20; pass the Po, iii, 287; see Juthungi.

_Lombardy_, the cold there not less severe than in Germany, ii, 86.

_Louis XIII._, conspires against one of his subjects, iii, 333.

_Louis XIV._, the devastation of the Palatinate under him is the last war of horrors, ii, 119.

_Luca_, colony founded, ii, 165; congress between Cæsar, Pompey and Crassus, iii, 39.

_Lucanians_, sprung from the Sabine stock, i, 122; not in a position of equality with the Œnotrians, 153; war against them decided by a miraculous apparition, 219; come from the Samnites, 419; attack Heraclea and Metapontum, 463; send ambassadors to Alexander the Great, 469; hostile to the Greek, but partake of Greek civilization, 472; called a Samnite colony, 478; are Œnotrians become Samnites, 479; never strong, 479; union with Rome, 479; independent, 505; war with Tarentum, 510; with the Samnites, 524; again turn their arms against Rome, 544; send ambassadors to Pyrrhus to Epirus, 557; acknowledge the supremacy, 571; in the service of Agathocles, 577; fall away from Rome after the battle of Cannæ, ii, 107; not trustworthy, 111; hardly dealt with after the war of Hannibal, 187; revolt in the Social war against Rome, 352.

_Lucania_, nearly the whole country under Honorius was pastureland, ii, 264.

_Lucan_, the Pharsalia wretched, iii, 132; immensely read during the middle ages, 186; the Lucanian school, 186.

_Luceres_, _Lucertes_, the third tribe of the earliest Roman population, i, 129; in the same relation to the two older tribes, as Ireland was to Great Britain to the year 1782, 130; introduced into the senate by Tarquinius Priscus, 141; are called factio regis, 194.

_Luceria_, originally a Samnite town, taken from them by Apulians, besieged by the Samnites, i, 486; the conquest happened very likely in the year 439, 493; receives a colony, 497; ii, 106.

_Lucerne_ and Berne, insurrection in the year 1657, i, 237.

_Lucerum_, name of the town on the Cœlius, i, 129.

_Lucian’s_ Lexiphanes, iii, 234; overrated for some time, 234; his style calls forth our admiration, 234.

_Lucilius_, from Suessa Aurunca, his verses, ii, 393.

_Lucilla_, sister of Commodus, iii, 248.

_Lucretia_, ii, 198; her marriage with Collatinus belongs to poetry alone, 204.

_Lucretius_, Roman prætor, particularly notorious by his cruel deeds against the Greeks, ii, 209.

_T. Lucretius Carus_, his eminence, iii, 128.

_Q. Lucretius Ofella_, besieges Præneste, ii, 381.

_Sp. Lucretius Tricipitinus_, belongs to the Ramnes, i, 200; princeps Senatus, 201.

_Lucullus_, historian, i, 36.

_L. Lucullus_, general in Spain, ii, 223; opinion of him, iii, 6; outbreak against him, 8; retreats to Cappadocia, 8; recalled, 8.

_Lucumo_, joins Romulus in the war against the Sabines, i, 117; title of an Etruscan king, 136.

_Lucus Petelinus_, place of assembly for the populus outside the town, i, 269.

LUDI ROMANI, after the Licinian rogations a fourth day is added to them for the plebeians, i, 405.

_Luneburg_, only one house left, i, 140.

_Lugdunensian tables_, i, 87, 190.

—LUS, adjective-termination, had a diminutive meaning given it at a later period, i, 341.

_Lucitanians_, their dwelling-place, ii, 223; Galba’s treachery to them, 224; peace, 260.

_Lutatius._ See Catullus.

_Lycia_, civilised, even before it was hellenized, ii, 2; under Egyptian rule, 147; conquered by Syria, 148; Rhodian, 183; taken from the Rhodians by the Romans, 219; iii, 3.

_Lyciscus_, partisan of the Romans in Ætolia, ii, 209.

_Lycortas_, father of Polybius, ii, 209.

_Lydians_, under Atys emigrate to Tyrrhenia, i, 142; after the destruction of Troy, they push forward nearer the coast and subjugate the Meonians, 144.

_Lydia_, given to Eumenes, ii, 183.

_Lydus_, Joannes, makes use of excellent materials, i, 205; was a heathen, iii, 335, note.

_Lygdamus_ is very likely not the name of the author of the poems in the collection of Tibullus, iii, 137.

_Lysimachia_, destroyed by the Thracians, ii, 167; fortified, 167; its situation, 176.

_Lysimachus_, obtains the whole of Macedon after having shared it with Pyrrhus, i, 554; a curse on his house, 576.

M

_Maccabees_, iii, 2.

_Macedon_ abandons Antigonus Gonatas, proclaims Pyrrhus emperor, leaves the latter again, and sides with Antigonus, i, 569; extends in Philip’s times as far as the Nestus, ii, 161; division of the country after the defeat of Perseus, 218; province, 247; favoured by Caracalla, iii, 238.

_Macedonians_, originally Pelasgians, i, 96, note; their system of fighting in masses, 559; their true home the mountains east of Illyria, ii, 152; formerly under their own liege lords, then dependent on Philip, 153; were no barbarians, 157.

_Macer._ See Licinius.

_Machanidas_ siezes upon the government of Sparta, ii, 145.

_Machares_, son of Mithridates, makes a separate peace with Pompey, iii, 10.

_Macchiavell_, i, 251.

_Mack_, general, capitulates near Ulm, iii, 280.

_Macrianus_, Gessius, husband of Mamæa, iii, 260.

_M. Macrinus_, præfectus prætorio, iii, 259; emperor, 259; tries to restore discipline among the soldiers, 259; rebellion, 259; his death, 250; was not, perhaps, of noble race, 266.

_Macro_, favourite of Tiberius, præfectus vigilum, iii, 176.

_Macrobius_, refuted, iii, 112; flourished at end of the fourth century, 323.

_Mæcenas_, C. Cilnius, iii, 103, 134; character, 154; his ancestors on both sides seem to have been raised to the highest magistracies at Arretium, 145.

_Sp. Mælius_ affords help during a famine, i, 337; murdered by Servilius Ahala, 338.

_C. Mænius_, conquers on the river Astura, finishes the Latin war, i, 447; prætor _rei gerendæ causa_, 496.

_Mæsa_, sister of Julia Domna, iii, 259; forms a conspiracy against Macrinus, 260.

_Maestricht_, sacked in 1576, i, 577.

_Maffei_, proposes a union of the nobility of Venice and of the terra firma, i, 512, 542.

_Magalia_, or Megara, suburb of Carthage, ii, 240.

_Magdeburg_, the number of its inhabitants, after its destruction, reduced from thirty thousand to three thousand, i, 386, 500.

_Magister_, warden of the Vicus or pagus, i, 174; iii, 123.

_Magister equitum_, his office a continuation of the dignity of tribunus celerum, i, 199; not necessarily a patrician, 199.

_Magister populi_, i, 221.

_Dec. Magius_, allowed by Hannibal to leave Capua, ii, 67; advises to remain true to the Romans, 105.

_Magnentius_, rebellion, iii, 305; defeated by Constantine, 306.

_Magnesia_, constituted as an independent state, ii, 163.

_Magnesia_, on the Sipylus, battle, ii, 164, 178.

_Magnus_, surname of Caracalla, iii, 258.

_Mago_, brother of Hannibal, ii, 65, 123; driven back to the Atlantic, 128; goes to the Balearic isles, and from thence to Liguria, 128; his progress in Italy, 139; recalled, dies, 139.

_Maharbal_, commander of the Carthaginian cavalry, calls upon Hannibal to follow him to Rome, ii, 103.

_Mai_, Angelo, his vanity, i, 40.

_Majorian_, emperor, iii, 343; his high character, 344; his undertakings and his death, 344.

_Malaga_, Phœnician settlement, ii, 59.

_Malchus_, historian, iii, 327.

_Malcus_ conquers Carthage, ii, 3.

_Cn. Mallius_, consul, his army destroyed by the Cimbri and Teutones, ii, 325.

_Malta_, its evacuation demanded of the English after the peace of Amiens, but not executed, i, 467.

_Maltese dialect_ still retains some Punic elements, ii, 5.

_Malthinus_, in Horace instead of Mæcenas, iii, 135.

_Mamæa_, younger daughter of Mœsa, iii, 260; mother of Alexander Severus, 261; her avarice, 262; murdered, 267.

_Mamertines_, get possession of Messana by treachery, i, 566, 567; common name for the Oscan mercenaries, 577; apply to the Romans, 579; independent after the first Punic war, ii, 41.

_Mamertus_, Claudius, iii, 326.

_L. Mancinus_, consul, ii, 237.

_Mancinus_, C. Hostilius, defeated by the inhabitants of Numantia, ii, 262; delivered up to the Numantines, but not accepted, 262.

_Mandonius_, Spanish chief, joins an insurrection against Scipio, ii, 129.

_Manichæism_, iii, 316.

_M’. Manilius_, consul, ii, 232; a highly distinguished jurist, ii, 234.

_Maniple_, i, 197.

_Manlius Capitolinus_, condemned to death not by the people, but by the Curies, i, 94; befriends the sufferers, 392; condemned by the _concilium populi_, 395; thrown from the Tarpeian rock, 395.

_Manlius_ drives back the Gauls, i, 382.

_C. Manlius Torquatus_, his duel with a Gaul seems to be historical, i, 409.

_C. Manlius_, general of Catiline in Etruria, iii, 23.

_Cn. Manlius_, killed in the Veientine war, i, 261.

_Cn. Manlius_, consul, his campaign against the Galatians, ii, 181; conquers them, 183.

_L. Manlius_, consul, with Regulus to Africa, ii, 20; recalled, 21.

_T. Manlius_, consul, his declaration against the Latins, i, 438; has his son executed for disobedience, 440.

_Mannert’s_ work on ancient Italy can only receive very qualified recommendation, i, 75.

_Mantua_, iii, 101.

_Manutius_, his commentary to Cicero’s epistles indispensable, i, 269, _note_; iii, 94; his researches on Roman jurisdiction, ii, 299.

_Maps_, disadvantage of the want of them, ii, 95.

_Marble_, its first introduction into Rome, ii, 394; Carrara marble first brought into use by Augustus, iii, 149; foreign, 222.

_Marbod_, his kingdom, iii, 154, 159.

_Marcellinus_, prince of Illyria, iii, 344.

_Marcellinus_, see Ammianus.

_C. Marcellus_, consul, iii, 49; cancels the decree of Curio, 51.

_Marcellus_, M. Claudius, distinguished captain, slays Viridomarus, ii, 56; gains a victory near Clastidium, 56; drives Hannibal back near Nola, 107; Hannibal’s opinion of him, 110; conquers Syracuse, 117; his alleged humanity, 118; is the first to carry works of Grecian art in mass to Rome, 118; enriches the temple of Virtus and Honor, 119; defeated by Hannibal, dies of his wounds, 119.

_Marcellus_, M. Claudius, thrice consul, his generous conduct in Spain, ii, 222, 257.

_Marcellus_, M. Claudius, general in the Cimbrian war, ii, 330.

_M. Marcellus_, consul, annoys and offends Cæsar, iii, 49, 78.

_M. Marcellus_, son of Octavia, iii, 143; differences between him and Agrippa, 146; dies, 146.

_Marcellus_, Sextus Valerius, husband of Soæmis, iii, 259.

_Marcia_, concubine of Commodus, iii, 248, 249.

_Marciana_, Trajan’s sister, iii, 217.

_Marcianopolis_, in the neighbourhood of Schumla, iii, 318.

_Marcius_, see Ancus, Philip.

_C. Marcius Rutilus_, first plebeian censor and dictator, i, 415.

_L. Marcius_, according to Livy retrieves the losses of the Romans, an improbable story, ii, 121.

_L. Marcius Censorinus_, consul, 232.

_Marcomanni_, iii, 155, 211; cross the Danube, 240; mentioned for the last time, 242; the war against them had two different epochs.

_Mardia_, battle, iii, 300.

_Marforio_, iii, 211, _note_.

_Maria_, daughter of Stilicho, wife of Honorius, iii, 332.

_Marinus_, proclaimed emperor, soon after murdered, iii, 272.

_C. Marius_, his descent, ii, 318; the name is Oscan, 318; must have made some money, 318; superstitious, 319; consul, 320; demagogue, 320; disdained the refinement of his age, 320; a first-rate general, 320; gets the chief command in Numidia, 321; ends the war with Jugurtha, 321; further consulships, 322, 325; author of the great change in Roman tactics, 325; takes every able-bodied man into the army, 326; defeats the Ambrones, 329; the Teutones, 330; fifth consulship, 331; victory near Vercellæ, 333; sixth consulship, 333; triumph, 333; his weakness, 333; his conduct at the legislation of Saturninus, 337; declares against Saturninus and Glancia, 339; distinguishes himself in the Social war, 356; his relation to Sylla, 359; sinks in his later days in moral worth, 365; outlawed together with his son and partisans, 368; hides himself in a marsh, 368; escapes to Africa, 368; recalled by Cinna, 371; consul for the seventh time, 373; dies, 374; married to the sister of Cæsar’s father, iii, 29.

_C. Marius_, son or nephew of Marius, consul, ii, 380; defeated by Sylla near Sacriportus, 381; flies to Præneste, 381, 383.

_L. Marius_, ambassador of Sertorius to Mithridates, ii, 408.

_Marius_, armourer, emperor, iii, 283.

_Marius Gratidianus_, cousin of Marius, ii, 373.

_Markland_, Jeremy, the first who speaks without prejudice of Virgil, iii, 133.

_Maronea_, Macedonian, ii, 203.

_Marrana_, canal, five miles from Rome, which carries the water of the low ground at Grotta Ferrara into the Tiber, i, 289.

_Marrucinians_, of Sabine stock, i, 120, 419; side with the Romans after the battle of Cannæ, ii, 109; revolt against the Romans in the Social war, 352; make a separate peace with Rome, 357.

_El Marsa_, the ancient Magalia, ii, 240.

_Marsala_, the ancient Lilybæum, ii, 30.

_Marsians_, of Sabine stock, i, 120, 419; allies of Romans, i, 505; side with Romans after battle of Cannæ, ii, 109; had a share in the Apulian pastures, ii, 282; equal to the Romans in refinement, 352; revolt against Rome in the Social war, 352; had a language of their own, but Latin letters, 353; make a separate peace with Rome, 357; their relation to Rome, 358.

_Marshes_ near Pisa, ii, 89; the Pontine marshes drained by Trajan, as far as they can be drained, iii, 223.

MARSICUM BELLUM, ii, 365.

_Martha_, Syrian soothsayer, ii, 319.

_Martial_, his flatteries, iii, 211.

_Mascov_, i, 33; iii, 127.

_Masinissa_, prince of the Massylians, ii, 135; goes over to the Romans, 136; against Syphax, 136; conquers Cirta, 137; lays claim to Bysacene, 229; war with Carthage, 230; defeats Hasdrubal, 230; his faithfulness to Rome wavers, 233; makes Scipio executor of his will, 309.

_Massesyles_, ii, 5.

_Massilia_, transactions with Rome, probably on account of the fisheries, i, 458; besieged, iii, 36; had always been a staunch ally to the Romans, 36.

_Massilians_, get from Rome a strip of country for protection against the Ligurians, ii, 307.

_Massiva_, descendant of Masinissa, murdered by Jugurtha, ii, 315.

_Massylians_, people on the frontiers of what is now Tunis, ii, 135.

_Mastanabal_, son of Masinissa, ii, 309; imbued with Greek learning, 309.

_Mastarna_, name of Servius Tullius in Etruscan annals, i, 88, 154, 190.

MASTRUCÆ, sheepskins of the Sardinians, ii, 5.

_Maternus_, iii, 213.

_Mausoleum_, iii, 148.

_Maxentius_, son of Maximian, Cæsar, iii, 297; his conduct to his father, 299; war with Constantine, 299; the taxes raised, 299; defeated near Turin, and then near Ponte Mollo, 299.

_Maximian_, colleague of Diocletian, iii, 293; his coarseness, 294; resigns his dignity, 295; lives at Milan, 296; returns to Rome, 296; goes to Gaul, differences with Constantine, his death, 299.

_Maximin_, the first barbarian adventurer who rose to the imperial throne, iii, 266; born in Thrace, 266; earlier history, 266; did not even understand Greek, 267; his son an amiable and well-bred young man, 267; his cruelty, 267; his wars, 268; insurrection in Thysdrus, 268; insurrection in Italy, 269; murdered, 270; chronology, 270.

_Maximinus Daza_, nephew of Galerius, Cæsar in the East, iii, 279; Augustus, 298; war with Licinius, death, 300.

_Maximus_, L. Appius, puts down the insurrection of Saturninus in Germany, iii, 213.

_Maximus_, M. Clodius Pupienus, emperor, iii, 269; murdered, 270.

_Maximus_, revolt in Britain, emperor, iii, 321; marches against Valentinian II., 321; defeated near Aquileia, 321.

_Maximus_, proclaimed emperor by Gerontius, iii, 335.

_Maxyes_, ii, 5.

_Mazzochi_, i, 68.

_Mecklenburgh_, the Vandal (Wendish) language vanished, i, 145.

_Medes_, have Persian language, iii, 264.

_Medicis_, Cosmo of, plots in his family, iii, 167.

_Media_, the king beseeches the protection of Antony, iii, 108; Persian vassal kingdom, 253.

_Mediterranean_, the Sirocco increases in summer often into the most dreadful hurricanes, ii, 25; southern gales there are most dangerous, north winds harmless, 27; north-easterly winds dangerous at the meeting of the currents of the Adriatic and the Pontus, 27.

_Megara_, given up to Philip by the Achæans, ii, 155; Achæan, 163.

_Megara._ See Megalia.

_Melas_, general, bungling and stupid, ii, 84.

_Melians_, among them the government placed in the hands of the men above sixty, i, 181.

_Melpum_, in the country of the Insubrians, said to have been destroyed on the same day with Veii, i, 364; must have stood near the spot where Milan is now, 365.

_Melville_, general, his researches on the march of Hannibal over the Alps, ii, 77.

_C. Memmius_, tribune of the people, moves for an inquiry against Calpurnius Bestia, ii, 314; opposes Saturninus, 335, 337; consul, 339; murdered, 339.

_Mena_, commander of S. Pompey, iii, 109.

_Menalcidas_, general of the Achæan league, ii, 249; bribed by the Oropians, 249.

_Menander_, his tone compared to that of Horace, iii, 136.

_Menecrates_, commander of S. Pompey, iii, 109.

_Mentz_, devastated, iii, 308.

_Meonians_ are Tyrrhenians, distinguished from the Lydians, i, 144.

_Mercenaries_, war against Carthage, ii, 44; rising in Sardinia against Carthage, 45.

_Mericus_, Spanish general of the mercenaries before Syracuse, bribed by Marcellus, ii, 118.

_Merida_, down to the Arabian times a first-rate town, its foundation, iii, 150.

_Merobaudes_, iii, 324, 325.

_Merovæus_, king of the Franks, iii, 340.

_Merula_, Paul, has perhaps committed a fraud in his edition of the fragments of Ennius, i, 25.

_Merula_, L. Cornelius, chosen consul in Cinna’s stead, is again deposed, ii, 373; his death, 373.

_Mesomedes_, a lyric poet, had a pension from Hadrian, iii, 233.

_Mesopotamia_ under Roman supremacy, iii, 254.

_Messala_, Valerius, surnamed from Messana, i, 581.

_Messala_, M. Valerius, spoke Greek, iii, 84, 98; prose writer, 130; orator of about the same standing as Virgil, 130.

_Messana_, conquered by the Mamertines, i, 566; massacre, 573, 577; besieged by Hiero and the Carthaginians, 581.

_Messapians_, Grecian name for Sallentines, i, 46; hellenized, ii, 355.

_Messenians_, separated from the Ætolians and Achæans, ii, 151; independent, 163.

_Metapontum_, i, 459; attacked by the Lucanians, 463; taken by Cleonymus, 510; goes over to Hannibal, ii, 110.

_Metellus_, tribune of the people, iii, 55.

_Metellus_, C. Cæcilius, prætor, against the Sennonian Gauls, i, 546; defeated, 546.

_Metellus_, L. Cæcilius, besieged by Hasdrubal near Palermo, defeats him, ii, 28.

_Q. Metellus Celer_ against Catiline, iii, 24.

_Q. Metellus Macedonicus_, conquers Andriscus, ii, 247; scatters the Achæans near Scarphea, 253; all his four sons consulars, 307.

_Metellus_, Q. Cæcilius Numidicus, ii, 307; goes to Africa, 316; character, 316; war against Jugurtha, 317; conduct towards Marius, 317; opposes the laws moved for by Saturninus and goes into exile to Rhodes, 338; recalled, 340.

_Q. Metellus Pius_ ends the Nolan war, ii, 374; in the Romagna, 380; against Sertorius, 401.

Μετεωρία, iii, 1.

_Metres_, anapæsts of the modern Greeks, and those among the Sclavonic nations, ii, 198.

_Mexicans_, their name transferred upon the Spaniards there, i, 143.

_Mezentius_, probably the Etruscan conqueror of Cære, and also of Latium, i, 147.

_Micali_, i, 73.

_Micipsa_, son of Masinissa, ii, 309.

_Middleton_, life of Cicero, iii, 94.

_Miguel_, Dom, his most intimate confidant is his barber, iii, 183.

_Milan_, residence of Maximian, iii, 296.

_Military colonies_ of Sylla, ii, 384; of Augustus, iii, 125.