Part 14

a lake; _e.g._ Loch Broom (the lake of showers, _braon_); Loch Carron (of the winding water); Loch Doine (deep loch); Loch Duich, in Ross-shire (the lake of St. Duthic, the same person from whom the town of Tain took its Gaelic name, _Baile-Duich_, St. Dulhaick’s town); Loch Fyne (the fair lake); Loch Lomond (the lake of the elm-tree river); Loch Nell (of the swan, _eala_); Loch Ness (of the waterfall, _i.e._ of Foyers)--_v._ EAS; Loch Long (ship lake, Scand. _Skipafiord_); Gareloch (short lake, _gearr_), in Ross-shire, and also a branch of the Firth of Clyde; Loch Etive (dreary loch, _eitidh_); Lochlubnaig (the lake of the little bend, _lubnaig_); Lochbuie and Lochbuy (the yellow loch); Lochmuic (of the wild boar); Lochgorm (blue loch); Lochlaggan (of the hollow); Loch Tay (of the R. Tay or _Tamha_, quiet river); Lochgelly (of the fair water); Loch Maree (the lake of St. Malrube); Lochard (high loch); Loch Awe and Loch Linnhe (here duplicate names, _aw_ signifying water and _linne_ a pool); Loch-na-keal (the loch of the cemetery, _cill_); Loch Earn (the west loch, _i.e._ west of Loch Tay); Lochgelly (white lake, _gealich_); Loch Katrine, probably the lake of the Caterans or freebooters; Benderloch, in Argyleshire, _i.e._ _Bendaraloch_ (the hill between the lakes); Lochnagar, _i.e._ _Lochan-na-gabhar_ (the little lake of the goats, at the base of the mountain to which it gives its name); Lochmaben, probably the loch of the bald headland, as in an old charter the castle at the head of the loch is called _Lochmalban_; Lochfad (long loch), in the Island of Bute, five miles long and scarce half a mile broad; Loch Achray, in Perthshire (the loch of the _level_ plain, _reidh_); Leuchars, in Fife, formerly _Lough-yards_, the low grounds of the village used to lie under water for the greater part of the year. In Ireland there are Lough Derg (red lake), originally _Loch Dergderc_ (the lake of the red eye, connected with a legend); Lough Conn (from a personal name Conn); Loch Rea (gray or smooth lake, _reidh_, smooth); as also Loch Ryan, in Kirkcudbright (of the smooth water, _reidhan_); Loch Foyle (the lake of Febhal, the son of Lodan); Loughan, Loughane (little lake); Lochanaskin (the little lake of the eels); Lough Corrib, corrupt. from Lough Orbsen (the lake of Orbsen or Mannanan, over whose grave it is said to have burst forth); Lough Erne, in Ireland, named from the _Ernai_, a tribe; Lough Finn, named after a lady called Finn, who was drowned in its waters; Lough, _i.e._ _Loch-n’-Echach_ (the lake of Eochy, a Munster chief, who, with his family, was overwhelmed in the eruption which gave their origin to its waters); Loch Swilly, probably a Scand. name, meaning the lake of the surges or whirlpool, _swelchie_. The town of Carlow was originally _Cetherloch_ (the quadruple lake, _cether_, four), from a tradition that formerly the R. Barrow formed four lakes at this spot.

[Sidenote: LOCUS (Lat.), LOCA (A.S.), LOK, LLE (Cym.-Cel), LIEU (Fr.),]

a place; _e.g._ Netley, Lat. _Laeto-loco_ (at the pleasant, cheerful place), so called from a monastery founded there by Mereward, King of Mercia, in 658; Madley (the good place); Matlock (the meat enclosure or storehouse); Leominster, Lat. _Locus-fanum_ (temple place); Porlock or Portlock, in Somerset (the place of the port); Lok-Maria-Ker (the town of Maria Ker), in Brittany. In France: Richelieu (rich place); Chaalis, anc. _Carolis-locus_ (the place of Charles the Good, Count of Flanders); Beaulieu (beautiful place); Loctudey, at Finisterre, corrupt. from _Loc-Sancti-Tudené_ (the place of St. Tudy); Locdieu and Dilo, _i.e._ _Dei-locus_ (God’s place); Lieusaint (holy place); Baslieu (low place).

[Sidenote: LOH, LOO (Ger. and Dutch), LOHE,]

a meadow or thicket, and sometimes a marsh; _e.g._ Waterloo (watery meadow); Venloo (the marshy meadow), and perhaps _Louvain_ may have the same meaning; Groenloo (green thicket); Hohenlohe (the high marshy meadow); Tongerloo (the marshy meadow of the Tungri); Schwarzenloh (the black thicket); Anderlues (on the marsh).

[Sidenote: LOHN (Ger.), LOON (Dutch),]

a path; _e.g._ Iser-lohn (the path by the R. Iser); Forstlohn (the path in the wood); Neerloon and Oberloon (the lower and upper path); Loon-op-Zand (the path on the sand).

[Sidenote: LUCUS (Lat.), LLWYN (Welsh), a grove,]

a sacred grove; _e.g._ Lugo, in Italy, anc. _Lucus-Dianæ_ (the sacred grove of Diana); Lugo, in Spain, anc. _Lucus-Augusti_ (the sacred grove of Augustus); Les luches, in France, near the remains of an ancient temple; Luc, anc. _Lucus_, in Dauphiny.

[Sidenote: LUG, LUKA, or LUZ (Sclav.), LEOIG (Gadhelic), LAUK (Esthonian),]

a marsh, cognate with the Lat. _lutum_; _e.g._ Lusatia or Lausatz (the marshy land); Lassahn, Ger. _Laki-burgum_ (the town on the marsh); Lugos or Lugosch, Luko and Leignitz, with the same meaning, in Poland and Silesia; Podlachia (near the marshes), a district in Poland. The towns of Lyons, Laon, and Leyden were formerly named _Lugdunum_ (the fortress in the marshy land); Paris was formerly _Lutetia-Parisiorum_ (the marshy land of the Parisii). In France: Loches, formerly _Luccæ_ and _Lochiæ_ (the marshy land); and Loché, formerly _Locheium_ (the marshy dwelling), in the department of Indre et Loire.

[Sidenote: LUND (Scand.),]

a sacred grove; _e.g._ Lund, towns in Sweden and in the Shetlands; Lundgarth (the enclosed grove), in Yorkshire; Lundsthing (the place of meeting at the grove), in Shetland; Charlottenlund, Christianslund, and Frederickslund (the grove of Charlotte, Christian, and Frederick), villages in Denmark; and perhaps the island Lundy, in the Bristol Channel.

[Sidenote: LUST, LYST (Teut.),]

pleasure--applied, in topography, to a palace or lordly mansion; _e.g._ Ludwigslust, Charlottenlust, Ravenlust (the palaces of Ludovick, of Charlotte, and of Hrafen); Lostwithel, in Cornwall (the manor of Withel), in the old Brit. language, _Pen Uchel coet_ (the lofty hill in the wood, and the _Uzella_ of Ptolemy); Lustleigh (the valley of pleasure), in Devon.

[Sidenote: LUTTER, LAUTER (Teut.),]

bright, clear; _e.g._ Lutri, on Lake Geneva; Luttar, in Brunswick (the bright place); Latterbach and Lauterburn (clear stream); Lauterburg, in Alsace, on the R. Lauter; Lutterworth (the bright farm); Lauterecken, in Bavaria, at the corner, _eck_, of the R. Lauter.

[Sidenote: LUTZEL, LYTEL (Teut.), LILLE (Scand.),]

small; _e.g._ Lutgenrode (the little clearing); Luxemburg, corrupt. from _Lutzelburg_ (small fortress), Latinised _Lucis-Burgum_ (the city of light), and hence passing into Luxemburg; Lucelle or Lutzel, in Alsace; Lutzelsten (the small rock), in Alsace.

M

[Sidenote: MAEN (Welsh),]

a stone; _e.g._ Maentwrog (the tower-like pillar), a parish in Merioneth; Maen or Dewi (St. David’s possession).

[Sidenote: MAES, or FAES (Cym.-Cel.), MOED, or MEAD (A.S.), MATTE (Ger.),]

a meadow or field, cognate with the Gael. _magh_; _e.g._ Maescar (the pool in the field); Maisemore (great field), in Brecknock and Gloucestershire; Marden, in Hereford, anc. _Maes-y-durdin_ (the field of the water camp); Basaleg, a parish in Wales. The name has been corrupted _Maes-aleg_, signifying _elect land_, from an event famous in Welsh history, which took place there. Maes-teg (the fair field); Maes-yr-onnen (the field of ash-trees); Cemmaes (the plain of the ridge, _cefn_); Maes-y-Mynach (monk field); Cemmaes, _i.e._ _Cefn-maes_ (the ridge of the plain), in Wales; Runnymede, Co. Surrey (the meadow of the council), Latinised _Pratum-concilii_; Andermatt (on the meadow); Zermatt (at the meadow), in Switzerland; Matterhorn (the peak of the meadow); Aeschenmatt (ash-tree meadow); Maes-Garmon (the field of St. Germanus), in Wales; Soultzmatt (the meadow of mineral waters, _salz_), in Alsace.

[Sidenote: MAGEN, MEKEN, or MAIN (Teut.),]

great; _e.g._ the R. Main, anc. _Magen-aha_ (great water); Mainland, anc. _Meginland_ (great island), in the Orkneys; Mainhardt (great wood); Meiningen (the great field)--_v._ GEN--in Germany.

[Sidenote: MAGH (Gadhelic), MACH (Cym.-Cel.), a ridge,]

a field or plain, corrupt. into Maw or Moy, Latinised _magus_; _e.g._ Magh-breagh (the beautiful plain), in Ireland, extending from the R. Liffey to the borders of Co. Louth; Moy and May (the plain), both in Ireland and in Scotland; Moidart (the high plain), in Inverness-shire; Mayo (the plain of yew-trees); Moynalty, Irish _Magh-nealta_ (the plain of the flocks); Macosquin, in Londonderry, corrupt. from _Magh-Cosgrain_ (the field of Cosgrain); Mallow, in Cork, _Magh-Ealla_ (the plain of the R. Allo or Ealla, now the Blackwater); Moville and Movilla (the plain of the old tree, _bile_); Moycoba, for _Magh-Coba_ (the plain of Coba); _Machaire_, a derivative from _Magh_, is found under the forms of Maghera and Maghery, thus--Magheracloone (the plain of the meadow); Magheraculmony (the plain at the back of the shrubbery); Maynooth (the plain of Nuadhat); Moira, corrupt. from _Magh-rath_ (the plain of the forts), Co. Down; Moyarta (the plain of the grave, _ferta_). In Scotland we find Rothiemay, in Banff, corrupt. from _Rath-na-magh_ (the castle of the plain); Monievaird, _i.e._ _Magh-na-bhaird_ (the plain of the bards), in Perthshire; Machynlleth (the ridge on the slope), a town in Montgomeryshire, Wales. In its Latinised form this word is found in _Marcomagus_, now Margagen (the plain of the Marcomanni); Juliomagus and Cæsaromagus (of Julius and Cæsar); Noviomagus (the new plain); and again the same word became _magen_ or _megen_ among the Teutonic races, thus Noviomagus became Nimeguen; Nozon was anc. _Noviomagus_ or _Noviodunum_; Riom, in France, anc. _Ricomagus_ (rich plain); Maing or Meung, on the Loire, formerly _Magus_; Argenton, Argentomagus (silver field); Rouen, anc. _Rothomagus_ (the fort on the plain). The ancient name of Worms was _Bartomagus_, which Buttman says means high field; its present name was corrupted from _Vormatia_; Mouzon, in France, was Mosomagus (the plain of the R. Meuse).

[Sidenote: MAHA (Sansc.),]

great; _e.g._ Mahabalipoor (the city of the great god Bali); Mahanuddy (the great river); Mahadea Mountains (the mountains of the great goddess); Maha-vila-ganga (the great sandy river); Mantote, in Ceylon, corrupt. from _Maha-Totta_ (the great ferry).

[Sidenote: MAHAL, MAL, or MOLD (Teut.),]

the place of meeting; _e.g._ Mahlburg or Mailburg, in Lower Austria (the town of the place of meeting); Detmold, anc. _Theotmalli_ (the people’s meeting-place); Wittmold (the meeting-place in the wood); Moldfelde (in the field); Malton (the town of the meeting), in Yorkshire; Maulden (the valley of the meeting), in Bedfordshire; Kirch-ditmold (the church at the meeting-place).

[Sidenote: MALY, or MALKI (Sclav.),]

little; _e.g._ Malinek, Malinkowo, Malenz, Malchow, Malkow, Malkowitz (little town); Maliverck (the little height).

[Sidenote: MAN, or MAEN (Cym.-Cel.),]

a place or district; _Maenol_ or _Mainor_, Welsh (a possession), akin to the Lat. _mansio_ and the Fr. _maison_. From this word maybe derived Maine, a province of France; Mans and Mantes, although more directly they may probably come from the _Cenomanni_, a people who formerly inhabited that district in France; Mantua, in Italy, and La Mancha, in Spain, may be placed under this head; also Manchester, anc. _Mancunium_, and Mancester, anc. _Manduessedum_; Menteith, in Perthshire, the district of the R. Teith. In the Welsh language the letter _m_ is changed into _f_ and pronounced _v_, and _fan_ abridged to _fa_, thus--Brawdfa (the place of judgment); Eisteddfa (the sitting place); Gorphwzsfa (resting place); Morfa (the shore or sea place); Manaera (the place of slaughter), probably the site of a battle; Manclochog (the ringing-stone).[4]

[Sidenote: MANSUS (Lat.),]

a farm or rural dwelling, to which was attached a certain portion of land. It was often contracted into _mas_, _miex_, or _mex_; _e.g._ La Manse, Mansac, Manselle, Le Mas, Beaumets, Beaumais, in France. The Manse, _i.e._ the dwelling and glebe attached to a parish in Scotland; Mains, a parish in Forfar.

[Sidenote: MANTIL (Old Ger.),]

the fir-tree; _e.g._ Mantilholz (the fir-wood); Mantilberg (fir-tree hill); Zimmermantil (the room or dwelling at the fir-trees).

[Sidenote: MAR,]

a Ger. word, used both as an affix and a prefix, with various meanings. As a prefix, it occasionally stands for _mark_ (a boundary), as in Marbrook (the boundary brook), and Marchwiail (the boundary of poles), in Wales; sometimes for a _marsh_, as in Marbach, on the Danube, and Marburg, on the Neckar; sometimes also for _mark_, an Old Ger. word for a horse, as in Marburg, on the R. Lahn, and Marburg and Mardorf (horse town), in Hesse. As an affix, it is an adjective, and signifies, in the names of places and persons, clear, bright, distinguished, or abounding in; _e.g._ Eschmar (abounding in ash-trees); Geismar (in goats); Horstmar (in wood); Weimar (in the vine).

[Sidenote: MARK (Ger.), MEARC (A.S.), MARCHE (Fr.),]

the boundary; _e.g._ Styria or Stiermark, the boundary of the R. Steyer; Markstein (the boundary stone); Markhaus (the dwelling on the border); March, a town in Cambridge; La Marche (the frontier), a domain in France, having been the boundary between the Franks and Euskarians; Mercia, one of the kingdoms of the Heptarchy, bordering on Wales; and Murcia, in Spain, the boundary district between the Moorish kingdom of Granada and the other parts of Spain; Newmark, Altmark, Mittelmark (the new, old, and middle boundary), in Germany; Mark, in the Scandinavian language, meant a plain or district, thus Denmark means the plain of the Danes; Finnmark (of the Finns); Markbury, in Cheshire; Markley, in Hereford (the boundary town and field). The Marcomanni were the March or boundary men of the Sclavonic frontier of Germany; the R. March or Morava, the boundary between Lower Austria and Hungary; Marbecq and Marbeque, rivers in France; Mardick (the boundary dike).

[Sidenote: MARKT (Teut.), MERKT,]

a market, sometimes found as _mart_; _e.g._ Marktmühle (the market mill); Marktham, Marktflecken (market-town), in Germany; Martham, also in Norfolk; Neumarkt in Germany, and Newmarket in England (new market-town); Martock, in Somerset (the oak-tree under which the market of the district used to be held); Market-Raisin, in Lincoln, on the R. Raisin; Bibert-Markt, in Bavaria, on the R. Bibert; Kasmarkt, in Hungary, corrupt. from _Kaiser-Markt_ (the emperor’s market-town); Donnersmarkt, the German translation or corruption of _Csotartokhely_ (the Thursday market-place), in Hungary. The cattle-market at Stratford-on-Avon is still called the _Rother-market_, from an old word _rother_, for horned cattle.

[Sidenote: MARSA (Ar.),]

a port; _e.g._ Marsala, in Sicily, _i.e._ _Marsa-Allah_ (the port of God); Marsalquivir, _i.e._ _Marsal-el-kebir_ (the great port). In Malta: Marsa-scala, Marsa-scirocco, Marsa-muscetto, Marsa Torno.

[Sidenote: MAS (Irish),]

the thigh--applied in topography to a long low hill; _e.g._ Massreagh (gray hill); Mausrower (thick hill); Massareene, _i.e._ _Mas-a-rioghna_ (the queen’s hill); but Massbrook, Co. Mayo, is not from this root; it is a translation of _Sruthan-an-aiffrinn_ (the brook where the mass used to be celebrated).

[Sidenote: MAUM, MOYM, or MAM,]

Irish _madhm_ (a mountain pass or chasm); _e.g._ Maum-Turk (the boar’s pass); Maumakeogh (the pass of the mist); Maumnaman (of the women); Maumnahaltora (of the altar).

[Sidenote: MAVRO (Modern Grk.),]

black; _e.g._ Mavrovouno (the black mountain); Mavro Potamo (the black river), in Greece; Mavrovo and Mavroya (the black town), in Turkey.

[Sidenote: MAWR,]

by mutation _fawr_, Welsh (great)--_v._ MOR, p. 143.

[Sidenote: MEDINA (Ar.),]

a city or the metropolis; _e.g._ Medina, in Arabia, called by the Arabs _Medinat-al-Nabi_ (the city of the prophet). In Spain: Medina-de-las-torres (the city of the towers); Medina-del-campo (of the plain); Medina-delpomar (of the apple-orchard); Medina-del-rio-seco (of the dry river-bed); Medina-Sidonia (of the Sidonians). This city was so named by the Moors, because they believed it to have been built on the site of the Phœnician city Asidur.

[Sidenote: MEER, MERE (Teut.),]

a lake, sea, or marsh; _e.g._ Blakemere (the black lake, _blaec_), in Hereford; Great Marlow or Merelow (the hill by the marsh); Cranmere (the crane’s lake or marsh); Winandermere, so called, according to Camden, from the _winding_ of its shores; Wittleseamere, Buttermere, and Ellsmere, probably from personal names; Meerfeld, Meerhof, Meerholz, and Meerhout (the field, court, and wood near the lake or marsh), in Holland. But _mere_, in place-names, is said sometimes to mean a boundary--thus _Merse_, the other name for Berwickshire, may mean either the marshy land or the boundary county between England and Scotland. Closely connected with _meer_ (a lake) are the words in the Celtic as well as in the Teutonic languages, denoting marshy lands, _i.e._ lands that have lain under water, and are still partially submerged--such as _merse_, A.S.; _morast_, Ger.; _morfa_, Welsh; _marish_, Gadhelic; _marsk_, Scand.; and _marais_, Fr. Many places in Great Britain and the Continent derive their names from these words, thus--the Maros or Marosh; and the Morava (marshy rivers); Moravia (the district of the marshy river); Morast, in Sweden (the town on the marsh); Merton, in Berwickshire (the town on the marsh); Morebattle, in Roxburghshire, anc. _Mereboda_ (the dwelling on the marsh); Ostermarsh (east marsh), in Holland; Marengo (the marshy field), in Italy; Les Moeres (the marshes), in Flanders; Marchienne, Marchienes, Maresché, Maresches, Marest, etc., in France; Marcienisi, in Italy (marshy localities). The River Mersey may come from this word, or it may mean the border river between England and Wales.

[Sidenote: MENIL, MESNIL (Fr.),]

from _Mansionile_, the dim. of _mansus_; _e.g._ Grandmenil (the great dwelling or hamlet); Le Menil-la-comtesse (the manor of the countess); Mesnil-église (the church hamlet); Mesnil-Guillaume, Mesnil-Gilbert, Mesnil-Jourdan, named from the proprietors; Mesnil-sur-l’Estrée (the hamlet on the Roman road called _Strata Estrée_); Les Menils, Menillot, etc., in France.

[Sidenote: MENZIL (Ar.),]

a village; _e.g._ Miselmeri, corrupt. from _Menzil-el-Emir_ (the emir’s village); Mezojuso, from _Menzil-Yusuf_ (the village of Joseph).

[Sidenote: MEON (Cel.), MIO (Scand.),]

little, cognate with the Lat. _minor_; _e.g._ the Rivers Minnow and Mynwy, in Wales; the Mincio, in Italy; the Minho, in Portugal; Minorca (the less), in opposition to Majorca (the greater island); Miosen (the little sea or lake), in Norway.

[Sidenote: MICKLA, MYCEL (Teut. and Scand.),]

great, Scotch _muckle_; _e.g._ Mickledorf, Michelstadt, Michelham, Mickleton (great dwelling); Micklebeck (great brook); Michelau (great meadow); Mitchelmerse (the great marsh); Mecklenburg, anc. _Mikilinberg_ (the great town or hill fort); Muchelney (the great island), in Somersetshire, formed by the conf. of the Rivers Ivel and Parret; Meikle Ferry (the great ferry), on Dornoch Firth; Micklegarth (the great enclosure), the Scandinavian name for Constantinople, Grk. _Megalopolis_; but _mikil_ or _miklos_, especially in Russia and Hungary, is often an abbreviation of St. Nicholas, and denotes that the churches in these places were dedicated to that saint--thus Mikailov, Mikhailovskaia, Mikhalpol (St. Nicholas’s towns), in Russia; Miklos-Szent and Miklos-Nagy-Szent, in Hungary; Mikolajow, in Poland; Mitcham, in Surrey, in Doomsday is _Michelham_.

[Sidenote: MIN, MEN, or MAEN (Cym.-Cel.),]

a high rock or the brow of a hill; _e.g._ Maen-du (black rock), in Monmouth; Minto, a parish in Roxburghshire, on the brow of a steep hill; Meonstoke (hill station); East and West Meon, in Gloucestershire; Mendabia (at the foot of the hill), in Spain; Altmaen, corrupt. to “Old Man of Coniston,” in the Lake country, and to the “Old Man of Hoy,” in the Orkneys; the “Dodmaen,” in Cornwall--_v._ DODD--has been corrupted to _Deadman_.

[Sidenote: MINSTER, MYNSTER (A.S.), MUENSTER (Ger.),]

a monk’s dwelling or monastery, hence a cathedral--Lat. _monasterium_; _e.g._ Illminster, Axminster, Stourminster, Kremmunster, Charminster (the monasteries on the Rivers Ill, Ax, Stour, Krem, and Char); Beaminster, Co. Dorset, named after St. Bega; Kidderminster (the monastery of Earl Cynebert); Westminster (the minster west of St. Paul’s); Warminster (near the weir or dam of the R. Willey); Monasteranenagh (the monastery of the fair); Monasterboice (of St. Bœthus); Monasterevin (of St. Evin), in Ireland; Monasteria de la Vega (of the plain), in Spain. In France: Moutier, Moustier, Moustoir, Munster, Monestier (the monastery); Montereau, Montreuil, Marmoutier (the monastery of St. Martin); Masmoutier (of Maso); Noirmoutier and Rougemoutier (the black and red monastery); Toli-Monaster or Bitolia (the monastery of the beech-trees), in Turkey; Munster (the monastery), in Alsace; but Munster, a province in Ireland, is compounded from the Scand. _ster_--_qu._ _v._--and the Irish _Mumha_, a king’s name; Munster-eifel (the monastery at the foot of the Eifel-berg).

[Sidenote: MIR (Sclav.),]

peace; _e.g._ Mirgorod (the fortress of peace); Miropol, Mirowitz, Mirow (the town of peace).

[Sidenote: MITTEL, MIDDEL (Teut. and Scand.), MIEDZY (Sclav.),]

the middle, cognate with the Lat. _medius_, Grk. _mesos_, and Gadhelic _meadhon_; _e.g._ Middleby, Middleton, Middleham, Mitton, Middleburg (the middle town); Middlesex (the territory of the middle Saxons); Middlewich (the middle salt manufactory), in Cheshire--_v._ WICH; Midhurst (the middle wood), in Sussex; Midmar (the middle district of Mar), in Aberdeenshire; Ardmeanadh, Gael. _Ardmeadhonadh_ (the middle height), being the Gaelic name for Cromarty; Mitford (the middle ford); Melton-Mowbray, sometimes written _Medeltune_ (the middle town), formerly belonging to the Mowbray family; Mittelgebirge (the middle mountain range); Mittelwalde, Sclav. _Medzibor_ (the middle of the wood), in Silesia; Methwold, in Norfolk, with the same meaning; Mittweyda (in the midst of pasture ground), in Saxony; Methley and Metfield (middle field); Meseritz and Meseritsch, _i.e._ _mied-zyvreka_ (in the midst of streams), in Moravia and Pomerania; Mediasch (in the midst of waters), in Hungary; Misdroi (in the midst of woods), in Pomerania; Mediterranean Sea (in the middle of the land); Media (the middle country, as then known); Mesopotamia, Grk. (the country between the rivers); Mediolanum (in the midst of the plain or land)--_v._ LANN--the ancient name of Milan, Saintes, and some other towns.

[Sidenote: MLADY, MLODY (Sclav.),]

new; _e.g._ Mladiza, Mladowitz, Mladzowitz (new town), in Bohemia; Bladen and Bladow, corrupt. from _Mladen_, with the same meaning, in Silesia.

[Sidenote: MOEL (Cym.-Cel.), MAOL, MEALL (Gadhelic), MOOL (Scand.),]

a round hill or a bald promontory, as an adjective signifying bald, and often applied to hills and promontories, thus--the Mull or promontory of Cantyre and Galloway; Meldrum, in Aberdeenshire, and Meeldrum, in Ireland (the bald ridge); Melrose, _i.e._ _Maol-ros_ (the bald headland), Old Melrose having been situated on a peninsula formed by the Tweed; the Eildon Hills, near Melrose, corrupt. from _Moeldun_ (bald hill); the Island of Mull, one of the Hebrides; Mealfourvounie (the hill of the cold moor), in Inverness-shire; Glassmeal (gray hill), in Perth; Malvern (the bald hill of the alders, _gwernen_); Moel-y-don (the hill of the waves), in Anglesea; Moel-Aelir (the frosty hill); Muldonach (the hill of Donald), one of the Hebrides; Moel-Try-garn (the ridge of the three cairns); Moel-Eilio (the mount of construction); Moel-y-crio (the hill of shouting); Moel-ben-twrch (boar’s head hill), in Wales; Moel-cwm-Cerwyn (the bald dingle of the cauldron); Moelfre, corrupt. from _Moelbre_ (bald hill), in Wales. In Ireland this word often takes the form of _moyle_, as in Kilmoyle (bald church); Rathmoyle, Lismoyle, Dunmoyle (the bald or dilapidated fort); Mweelbane (the white hill); Meelgarrow (rough hill); Meelshane (John’s bald hill); Mweel-na-horna (the bald hill of the barley); Maulagh (abounding in hillocks); Mullaghmeen (smooth hillock); Mulboy (yellow hillock), etc.; Mullanagore and Mullanagower (the little summit of the goats). In Wales: Moel-hebog (hawk hill); Moel-eryn (eagle hill), in Wales. The Mool of Aswich and the Mool of Land, in Shetland.

[Sidenote: MOIN, MOINE (Gadhelic), MON,]

a moss or bog. in Ireland: Mona-braher, _i.e._ _Moin-nam-brathar_ (the bog of the friars); Monalour (of the lepers); Moneen (the little bog); Ballynamona (the town of the bog); Monard (high bog); Montiagh, for _Mointeach_ (the boggy place); Monabrock (the badger’s moss); Monroe (the red moss); _Mon_ is, however, sometimes used instead of _monadh_ (a rising ground in a moor), as in Co. Monaghan, _Muineachan_ (abounding in little hills); which country, however, according to the _Annals of the Four Masters_, was named from its chief town (the town of monks). In Scotland: Moin, a moorland district in Sutherlandshire; Monzie and Moonzie (the mossy land), in Fife and Perthshire; Montrose (the boggy promontory); _Mon_, again for _monadh_, in Monimail (bald hill), in Fife; Moncrieffe (the woody hill, _craobach_); Moness (the hill of the cascade, _eas_).

[Sidenote: MÖNCH (Ger.), MONEC (A.S.), MONACH (Gadhelic), MYNACH (Cym.-Cel.),]

a monk, from the Greek _monos_ (alone); _e.g._ Monkton, Monkstown, Monkswood, Monkland, named from lands belonging to the monks; Le Mönch (the monk), one of the highest of the Bernese Alps; Monachty (the monks’ dwelling), in Wales; Llan-y-mynach (the monks’ church or enclosure), Co. Salop; Monksilver, in Somerset, corrupt. from _Monk-sylva_ (the monks’ wood); Monkleagh (the monks’ meadow); Munsley, with the same meaning, in Hereford; Monach-log-ddu (the place of the black monks), in Wales; Munchberg (monk’s hill), in Bavaria; Munchengratz (the monks’ fortress), in Bohemia; Munich and Munchingen (belonging to the monks), in Germany.

[Sidenote: MONDE, MÜND (Ger.), MUNNI, MINDE (Scand.),]