Part 22

Halifax, Nova Scotia, named for the Earl of Halifax

Hall and Halle, 98

Hamburg, 97

Hameln, 99

Hammerfest, 100

Hampstead, 98

Hankau or Hankow, the mouth of commerce, a city in China

Hanover, 150

Harbottle, 27

Harrogate, 88

Hartlepool, 158

Hartz Mountains, 101

Harwich, 100

Haselt, 101

Hastings, A.S. _Haestinga-ceaster_, the camp of Hastings, a Danish pirate

Havana, the harbour

Havre, Le, 97

Hawarden, Welsh, upon the hill

Hawes, 97

Heboken, Ind. the smoked pipe, the spot in New Jersey at which the English settlers smoked the pipe of peace with the Indian chiefs

Hechingen, a patronymic.

Hedjas, the land of pilgrimage

Heidelberg, 24

Heilbron, 32

Heiligenstadt, 103

Heligoland, 103

Helvellyn, if Celtic, perhaps _El-velin_, the hill of Baal

Hems, probably named from _Hms_, the Egyptian name of Isis

Henly, Cym.-Cel. old place

Herat, anc. _Aria-Civitas_, the town on the Arius, now the R. Heri

Hereford, 82

Hermon, the lofty peak

Herstal, 180

Hesse, named from the _Catti_ or _Chatti_

Himalaya Mountains, 123

Hinckley, the horse’s meadow

Hindostan, 181

Hindu Koosh Mountains, _i.e._ the Indian Caucasus

Hinojosa, Span. the place of fennel

Hirschberg, 105

Hitchen, 100

Hoang Ho, 105

Hobart Town, named after one of the first settlers

Hohenlinden, 106

Holland, 106

Holstein, 174

Holt, 107

Holyhead, 103

Holy Island, 103

Holywell, 103

Holywood, 103

Homburg, 105

Honduras, Span. deep water

Hong Kong, the place of fragrant streams

Hoorn, 107

Hor, the mountain

Horeb, the desert

Horn, Cape, 107

Horncastle, 107

Horsham, 99

Howden, 102

Howth Head, 102

Hudson R., named after Henry Hudson, who ascended the river A.D. 1607

Huelva, Basque _Onoba_, at the foot of the hill; and Ar. _Wuebban_, corrupt. to Huelva

Huesca, anc. _Osca_, the town of the Basques or Euscs

Hull, 117

Hungary, Ger. _Ungarn_, the country of the Huns; Hung. _Magyar-Orzag_, the country of the Magyars

Huntingdon, hunter’s hill, or a patronymic

Hurdwar, 70

Huron, Lake, from a tribe

Hurryhur, named from the goddess Hari or Vishnu

Hurst, 101

Hythe, 105

I

Ilfracombe, 54

Illinois, named after the tribe _Illini_, _i.e._ the men; and _ois_, a tribe

Imaus, the snowy mountain

Inch--_v._ INNIS, 111

Ingleborough Mountain, 24

Inkermann, Turc. the place of caverns

Innerleithen, 112

Innsbrück, at the bridge, on the R. Inn

Interlachen, 119

Inverness, 112

Iona or I, 108

Iowa, the drowsy ones, a tribe name, U.S.

Ipswich, 209

Ireland or Ierne, 108

Irkutsk, 176

Irrawädi, the great river

Iscanderoon, named after Alexander the Great

Iserlohn, 130

Isla, in the Hebrides, named after Yula, a Danish princess who was buried there

Ispahan, Pers. the place of horses

Issoire, 70

Issoudun, 69

Ithaca, the strait or steep

J

Jabalon R., 112

Jaffa or Joppa, Semitic, beauty

Jamaica, corrupt. from _Xaymaca_, the land of wood and water

Jamboli, Sclav. the city in the hollow

Janina, Sclav. John’s town

Jaroslav, named after its founder

Jassy, Sclav. the marshy place

Jauer, 113

Java, 65

Jersey, 71

Jersey, in U.S., so named by Sir George Carteret, who had come from the Island of Jersey

Jerusalem, Semitic, the abode of peace

Joinville, 201

Joppa--_v._ Jaffa, the beautiful

Jouare, anc. _Ara-Jovis_, the altar of Jove

Juggernaut, or more correctly _Jagganatha_, the Lord of the world--_jacat_, Sansc. the world, and _natha_, Lord

Juliers, 109

Jumna R., named after Yamuna, a goddess

Jungfrau Mountain, Ger. the maiden or the fair one, so called from its spotless white

Jura Isle, Scand. _Deor-oe_, deer island

Jüterbogk, named for the Sclav. god of spring

Jutland, named from the Jutes

K

Kaffraria, Ar. the land of the _Kafirs_ or unbelievers

Kaisarizeh, the mod. name of anc. _Cæsarea_

Kaiserlautern, 113

Kalgan, Tartar, the gate, a town in China

Kampen, 35

Kandy, splendour

Kansas, a tribe name

Karlsbad, 16

Keith, Gael. the cloudy, from _ceath_, a cloud or mist

Kel and Kil--_v._ COILL or CILL

Kells, 48

Kelso, 38

Kempen, 40

Ken--_v._ CEANN

Kendal, 60

Kenmare, 46

Kensington, the town of the _Kensings_

Kent, 45

Kentucky, the dark and bloody ground

Kerry Co., Ir. _Ciarraidhe_, the district of the race of Ciar

Kettering, a patronymic

Kew, 107

Khartoum, the promontory

Khelat, 114

Kin--_v._ CEANN

Kinghorn, 45

Kingsclere, 5

King’s Co., named after Philip II. of Spain

Kingston, 147

Kingussie, 45

Kirkillisia, the forty churches in Turkey

Kirkintilloch, 38

Kirkwall, 115

Kishon R., _i.e._ the tortuous stream

Kissengen, a patronymic

Klagenfurt, 84

Knock--_v._ CNOC

Königgratz, the king’s fortress

Kordofan, the white land

Koros R., Hung, the red river

Koslin, 118

Kothendorf, 47

Kralowitz, 118

Kraszna R., beautiful river

Kremenetz, 118

Kremnitz, 118

Krishna or Kistna R., the black stream, in India

Kronstadt, 118

Kulm, 47

Kyle--_v._ CAOL

L

La Hogue, Cape, 102

Laaland Isle, 119

Labuan Isle, Malay, the anchorage

Laccadives, 65

Laconia, 120

Ladrone Isles, Span. the islands of thieves

Lagnieu, 120

Lagos, 120

Laguna, 120

Lahr, 123

Lambeth, 105

Lambride, 121

Lamlash, 120

Lampeter, 121

Lamsaki, anc. _Lampsacus_, the passage

Lanark, 121

Land’s End--_v._ PEN

Landerneau, 121

Langres, anc. _Langone_, named from the _Lingones_, a tribe

Languedoc, named from the use of the word _oc_, for _yes_, in their language, _i.e._ Langue-d’oc

Lannion, 121

Laon, 130

Larbert, named from a man of this name

Largo, 124

Largs, 124

Larissa, named after a daughter of Pelasgus

Lassa, the land of the Divine intelligence, the capital of Thibet

Latakia, corrupt. from anc. _Laodicea_

Latheron, 103

Lauder, named from the R. Leader

Lauffen, 123

Launceston, 121

Laval, anc. _Vallis-Guidonis_, the valley of Guido

Lawrence R., so named because discovered on St. Laurence’s Day, 1535

Laybach or Laubach, 15

Leam R., 125

Leamington, 125

Lebanon Mountain, 89

Leeds, 125

Leibnitz, 124

Leighlin, 91

Leighton-Buzzard, 21

Leinster, 183

Leipzig, 128

Leith, named from the river at whose mouth it stands

Leitrim, 67

Lemberg, 24

Leobschütz, the place of the _Leubuzi_, a Sclavonic tribe

Leominster, 130

Leon, anc. _Legio_, the station of the 7th Roman Legion

Lepanto, Gulf of, corrupt. from _Naupactus_, Grk. the ship station

Lerida, anc. _Llerda_, Basque, the town

Lesmahago, 128

Letterkenny, 125

Leuchars, the marshy land

Levant, Lat. the place of the sun-rising, as seen from Italy

Leven R., 124

Lewes, _Les ewes_, the waters

Lewis Island, Scand. _Lyodhuus_, the wharf

Leyden, 69

Liberia, the country of the free, colonised by emancipated slaves

Lichfield, 77

Lidkioping, 47

Liège, 125

Liegnitz, 130

Lifford, 25

Ligny, a patronymic

Lille, 111

Lilybaeum, Phœn. opposite Libya

Lima, corrupt. from _Rimæ_, the name of the river on which it stands and of a famous idol

Limbourg, 126

Limerick, corrupt. from _Lomnech_, a barren spot; _lom_, bare

Limoges, anc. _Lemovicum_, the dwelling of the Lemovici

Linares, Span. flax fields

Lincoln, 53

Lindesnaes, 126

Lindores, in Fife, probably a corruption of _Lann-Tours_, being the seat of an anc. Abbey of Tours, founded by David, Earl of Huntingdon

Linkioping, 47

Linlithgow, 127

Lisbellaw, 128

Lisbon, 104

Lisieux, in France, Lat. _Noviomagus_, the new field, subsequently named from the Lexovii

Liskeard, 128

Lissa, 125

Liverpool, 158

Livno, Livny, Livonia, named from the _Liefs_, a Ugrian tribe

Llanerch-y-medd, the place of honey, in Wales

Llanos, Span. the level plains

Lochaber, 3

Lockerby, 37

Lodi, anc. _Laus-Pompeii_

Logie, 120

Lombardy, the country of the _Longobardi_, so called from a kind of weapon which they used

London, 64

Londonderry, 61

Longford, 83

Longniddrie--_v._ LLAN, 122

Loop Head, 123

Lorca, 109

Loretto, named from Lauretta, a lady who gave the site for a chapel at that place

L’Orient, so named from an establishment of the East India Company at the place in 1666

Lorn, Gael. _Labhrin_, named after one of the Irish colonists from Dalriada

Lossie R., 1

Loughill, Ir. _Leamchoil_, the elm-wood

Louisiana, named after Louis XIV. of France

Louisville, 201

Louth, in Lincoln, named from the R. Ludd

Louth Co., Ir. _Lugh Magh_, the field of Lugh

Louvain, Ger. _Löwen_, the lion, named after a person called Leo

Lowestoft, 192

Lubeck, 128

Luben, 128

Lublin, 128

Lucca, anc. _Luca_--_v._ LUCUS

Lucena, Basque _Lucea_, the long town

Lucerne, named from a lighthouse or beacon, _lucerna_, formerly placed on a tower in the middle of the R. Rheus

Lucknow, corrupt. from the native name _Laksneanauti_, the fortunate

Ludlow, 123

Ludwigslust, 131

Lugano, 119

Lugo, 130

Lugos, 130

Lund, 131

Lurgan, Ir. the low ridge

Luxembourg, 131

Luxor, corrupt. from _El-Kasur_, the palaces

Lycus R., Grk. _leukos_

Lyme, in Kent, anc. _Kainos-limen_, Grk. the new haven

Lyme-Regis, on the R. Lyme

Lyons, 69

M

Macao, in China, where there was a temple sacred to an idol named Ama. The Portuguese made it _Amagoa_, the bay of Ama, corrupted first to Amacao and then to Macao

Madeira, Port. the woody island

Madras, 153

Madrid, anc. _Majerit_, origin unknown, but perhaps from _Madarat_, Ar. a city

Maelawr, from _mael_, Welsh, mart, and _lawr_, ground, a general name for places in Wales where trade could be carried on without any hindrance from diversity of races.--James’s _Welsh Names of Places_

Maestricht, 66

Magdala, Semitic, a watch-tower in Abyssinia

Magdala, in Saxe-Weimar, on the R. Midgel

Magor, corrupt. from _Magwyr_, Welsh, a ruin, the name of a railway station near Chepstow

Maidenhead, 105

Maidstone, 181

Main R., 132

Maine, in France, named from the _Cenomani_

Mainland, 132

Malabar Coast, or _Malaywar_, the hilly country

Malacca, named from the tree called Malacca

Malaga, Phœn. _malac_, salt, named from its trade in salt

Malakoff, named after a sailor of that name who established a public-house there

Maldives Islands, 65

Maldon, 69

Mallow, 132

Malpas, Fr. the difficult pass

Malta, Phœn. _Melita_, a place of refuge

Malvern, 139

Mancha, La, Span. a spot of ground covered with weeds

Manchester, 44

Manfredonia, named after Manfred, King of Naples, by whom it was built

Mangalore, named after an Indian deity

Mangerton Mountain, in Ireland, corrupt. from _Mangartach_, _i.e._ the mountain covered with _mang_, a long hairlike grass

Mans, Le, named after the _Cenomani_

Mansorah, in Egypt, the victorious

Mantinea, Grk. the place of the prophet or oracle, _mantis_

Mantua, 133

Manzanares, Span. the apple-tree orchard

Maracaybo, 143

Maranao, Span. a place overgrown with weeds

Marathon, a place abounding in fennel, _marathos_

Marazion, 84

Marburg, 134

March, 134

Marchena, the marshy land

Marengo, 136

Margarita, the island of pearls

Margate, 88

Marienwerder, 205

Marlow, Great, 136

Marmora, Sea of, named from an adjacent island, celebrated for its marble, _marmor_

Marnoch, Co. Banff, named from St. Marnoch

Maros R., 136

Maros-Vasarhely, 103

Marquesas Isles, named after Marquis Mendoza, Viceroy of Peru, who originated the voyage through which they were discovered

Marsala, 135

Maryland, named after the queen of Charles I.

Mathern, corrupt. from _Merthyr_, the martyr, the name of a church near Chepstow, built in memory of Fewdrig, King of Gwent, who died on its site as he was returning wounded from a battle against the Saxons

Mathravel, the land of apples, one of the ancient provinces into which Wales was divided

Matlock, 130

Mauritius, discovered by the Portuguese in 1505, visited by the Dutch in 1596, who named it after Prince Maurice of the Netherlands. From 1713 till 1810 it belonged to the French, who called it Isle of France

May Island, 132

Maynooth, 132

Mayo, the plain of yew-trees

Mazzara, Phœn. the castle

Mazzarino, the little castle

Mearns, corrupt. from _Maghgkerkkin_, the plain of Kerkin

Meaux, named from the _Meldi_

Mecklenburg, 137

Medellin, named after its founder, Metellus, the Roman consul

Medina, 135

Mediterranean Sea, 138

Meiningen, 132

Meissen, on the R. Meissa

Melbourne, named after Lord Melbourne in 1837

Meldrum, 67

Melrose, 139

Melun, 69

Memmingen, a patronymic

Memphis or Memphe, _i.e._ _Ma-m-Phthah_, the place of the Egyptian god Phthah

Menai Strait, anc. _Sruth-monena_

Menam, the mother of waters, a river of Siam

Mendip Hills, _i.e._ _mune-duppe_, rich in mines

Mentone, It. the chin, on a point of lead

Merida, Lat. _Augusta Emerita_, the town of the _emeriti_ or veterans, founded by Emperor Augustus

Merioneth, named after Merion, a British saint

Merthyr-Tydvil, named after the daughter of an ancient British king

Meseritz, 138

Meshed, Ar. the mosque

Mesolonghi or Missolonghi, 119

Mesopotamia, 138

Metz, named from the _Meomatrici_, a tribe

Michigan Lake, Ind. great lake, or the weir, or fish-trap, from its shape

Middelburg, 138

Midhurst, 138

Miklos, 137

Milan, 115

Milton, 144

Minnesota R., the sky-coloured water

Miramichi, Ind. happy retreat

Mirgorod, 138

Mississippi R., Ind. the father of waters

Missouri, Ind. the muddy stream

Mitrovicz or Mitrovitz, 152

Mittau, named from _Mita_, a Sclav. deity

Modena, Lat. _Mutina_, the fortified place

Moffat, the foot of the moss

Mogadore, named after a saint whose tomb is on an island off the coast

Moguer, Ar. the caves

Mohawk R., named from a tribe

Moidart or Moydart, 132

Mola, It. the mound, anc. _Turres-Juliani_, the town of Julian

Mold, 142

Monaghan, Ir. _Muneachain_, a place abounding in little hills

Monaster, 138

Monasterevin, 138

Monda, 142

Mondego, 142

Monena, the river or sea of Mona

Monmouth, at the mouth of the Mynwy, _i.e._ the border river, from which it took its ancient name

Montgomery, 142

Montrose, 168

Moravia, 136

Morayshire, 119

Morbihan, 119

Morecambe Bay, 39

Morocco, the country of the Moors, 22

Morpeth, 143

Morven, 143

Morvern, 143

Moscow, 142

Moulins, 141

Mourne Mountains, 142

Moy, Moyne, 132

Muhlhausen, 141

Mull Island, 145

Münden, 140

Munich, 140

Munster, in Germany, 138

Munster, in Ireland, 138

Murcia, 134

Murviedro, 145

Muscat or Meschid, Ar. the tomb of a saint

Muthil, 143

Mysore, corrupt. from _Mahesh-Asura_, the name of a buffalo-headed monster, said to have been destroyed by the goddess Kali

N

Naas, Ir. a fair or place of meeting

Nablous, 158

Nagore, _na-gara_, Sansc. a city

Nagpore, 160

Nagy-Banja, 18

Nagy-Koros, 146

Nairn, on the R. Nairn, anc. _Ainear-nan_, east-flowing river

Nancy, 146

Nankin, Chinese, the southern capital

Nantes, 146

Nantwich, 146

Naples, 158

Narbonne, named from the _Narbonenses_

Naseby, the town on the cape

Nashville, named from Colonel Nash

Nassau, 146

Natal, Colony, so named because discovered on Christmas Day, _Dies-natalis_, by Vasco de Gama in 1498

Natchez, a tribe name

Naumburg, 148

Naupactus, the place of ships

Nauplia, a sea-port, from the Grk. _naus_, a ship, and _pleos_, full

Navan, Ir. _n’Eamhain_, literally the neck brooch, so named from a legend connected with the foundation of an ancient palace there

Navarre, 147

Naxos, the floating island

Naze, Cape, 145

Nebraska, Ind. the shallow river

Nedjed, Ar. the elevated country

Negropont, 159

Neilgherry Hills, 90

Nemours, the place of the sacred grove, _nemus_

Nenagh, 74

Ness, Loch and R., 73

Neston, 73

Netherlands, 147

Neusatz, 148

Neusohl, 148

Neuwied, 148

Nevada Mountains--_v._ SIERRA, 175

Nevers, anc. _Nivernum_ and _Noviodunum_, the new fort or the R. Nièvre

Neviansk, on the R. Neva

Newark, 206

Newcastle, 43

Newport, 156

New Ross, 167

Newry, Ir. _Iubhar-cinn-tragha_, the yew-tree at the head of the strand

New York, named after the Duke of York, brother of Charles II.

Niagara, corrupt. from _Oni-aw-ga-rah_, the thunder of waters

Nicastro, new camp

Nicopoli, 158

Nijni Novgorod, 148

Nile R., native name _Sihor_, the blue, called by the Jews Nile, the stream

Nimeguen, 133

Nimes or Nismes, 147

Ningpo, the repose of the waves

Niphon Mount, the source of light

Nippissing, a tribe name

Nogent, 149

Noirmoutier, 138

Nola, 148

Nombre-de-dios, the name of God, a city of Mexico

Nörrkoping, 47

Northumberland, 149

Norway, 149

Nova Scotia, so named in concession to Sir William Alexander, a Scotsman, who settled there in the reign of James II. It was named _Markland_ by its Norse discoverer, Eric the Red

Nova Zembla, 148

Noyon, anc. _Noviodunum_, the new fort

Nubia, Coptic, the land of gold

Nuneaton, the nun’s town, on the R. Ea, in Warwickshire, the seat of an ancient priory

Nurnberg, 24

Nyassa and Nyanza, the water

Nyborg, 148

Nyköping or Nykobing, 47

Nystadt, 148

O

Oakham, 5

Oban, Gael. the little bay

Ochill Hills, 198

Ochiltree, 198

Odensee, 71

Oeta Mount, sheep mountain

Ofen or Buda, 33

Ohio, beautiful river, called by the French _La Belle rivière_

Oldenburg, 7

Olekminsk, 176

Olympus Mountain, the shining

Omagh, _Omeha_, named from a tribe

Omsk, 176

Oosterhout, 107

Oporto, 156

Oppeln, the town on the R. Oppo

Oppido, Lat. _Oppidum_

Orange, anc. _Arausione_, the town on the R. Araise

Orange R. and Republic, named after Maurice, Prince of Orange

Oregon R., from the Span. _organa_, wild marjoram

Orellana R., named from its discoverer

Orissa, named from a tribe

Orkney Islands, 111

Orleans, corrupt. from _Aurelianum_, named after the Emperor Aurelian

Orme’s Head, Norse _ormr_, a serpent, from its shape

Ormskirk, 125

Orvieto, 199

Osborne, named after the Fitz-Osborne family

Oschatz, Sclav. _Osada_, the colony

Osimo, 199

Osnabrück, 31

Ossa Mountain, Grk. the watch-tower

Ostend, 74

Ostia, Lat. the place at the river’s mouth, _Os_

Oswestry, 57

Othrys, the mountain with the overhanging brow, Grk. _othrus_

Otranto, anc. _Hydruntum_, a place almost surrounded by water, _ùdor_, Grk.

Ottawa, a tribe name

Ottawa R., a tribe name

Oudenarde, 7

Oudh or Awadh, corrupt. from _Ayodha_, the invincible

Oulart, corrupt. from _Abhalgort_, Ir. apple field

Oundle, 60

Ouro-preto, 160

Ouse R., 198

Overyssel R., 150

Oviedo is said to have derived this name from the Rivers Ove and Divo. Its Latin name was _Lucus-Asturum_, the grove of the Asturians

Owyhee, the hot place

P

Paderborn, 32

Padstow, 183

Paestum, anc. _Poseidonia_, the city of Poseidon or Neptune

Palamcotta, 55

Palermo, corrupt. from _Panormus_, Grk. the spacious harbour

Palestine, the land of the Philistines, _strangers_; from Crete, who occupied merely a strip of the country on the coast, and yet gave their own name to the whole land

Palma, the palm-tree

Palmas, Lat. the palm-trees

Palmyra or Tadmor, the city of palms

Pampeluna or Pamplona, 158

Panama Bay, the bay of mud fish

Panjab or Punjaub, 2

Paraguay, 153

Parahyba, 153

Paramaribo, 144

Parapamisan Mountains, the flat-topped hills

Parchim, 153

Paris, 130

Parsonstown, named for Sir William Parsons, who received a grant of the land on which the town stands, with the adjoining estate, from James II. in 1670

Passau, 44

Patagonia, so called from the clumsy shoes of its native inhabitants

Patna, 153

Paunton, 159

Pays de Vaud, 200

Peebles, anc. _Peblis_, Cym.-Cel. the tents or sheds

Peel, 153

Peiho R., 105

Pe-king, Chinese, the northern capital

Pe-ling Mountains, the northern mountains

Pelion, the clayey mountains, _pelos_, Grk. clay

Pella, the stony

Pembroke, 30

Penicuik, 154

Pennsylvania, named after William Penn, whose son had obtained a grant of forest land in compensation for £16,000 which the king owed to his father

Pentland Hills, corrupt. from the Pictsland Hills

Penzance, 154

Perekop, the rampart

Perigord, named from the _Petrocorii_

Perm, anc. _Biarmaland_, the country of the Biarmi

Pernambuco, the mouth of hell, so called from the violent surf at the mouth of its harbour

Pernau, 126

Pershore, 130

Perth, 19

Perthddu, Welsh, the black brake or brushwood, in Wales

Perugia, 152

Peshawur, the advanced fortress

Pesth, 150

Peterhead, 112

Peterwarden, the fortress of Peter the Hermit

Petra, the stony

Petropaulovski, the port of Peter and Paul

Pforzheim, 135

Philadelphia, the town of brotherly love, in America

Philippi, named after Philip of Macedon

Philippine Isles, named after Philip II. of Spain

Philipstown, in Ireland, named after Philip, the husband of Queen Mary

Phocis, the place of seals

Phœnice, either the place of palms or the Phœnician settlement

Phœnix Park, in Dublin, 80

Piedmont, the foot of the mountain

Pietermaritzburg, named after two Boer leaders

Pillau, 153

Pisgah Mountain, the height

Pittenweem, 157

Pittsburg, named after William Pitt

Placentia, Lat. the pleasant place

Plassy, named from a grove of a certain kind of tree

Plattensee or Balaton, 173

Plenlimmon Mountain, Welsh, the mountain with five peaks

Plock, or Plotsk, 26

Ploermel, 157

Podgoricza, 157

Poictiers, named from the _Pictones_

Poland, Sclav. the level land

Polynesia, 112

Pomerania, 143

Pondicherri, Tamil, the new village

Pontoise, 159

Poole, 158

Popocatepetl Mountain, the smoking mountain

Portrush, 168

Portugal, 156

Potenza, Lat. _Potentia_, the powerful

Potsdam, 157

Powys, the name of an ancient district in North Wales, signifying a place of rest

Pozoblanco, 161

Prague, Sclav. _Prako_, the threshold

Prato-Vecchio, 160

Prenzlow, the town of Pribislav, a personal name

Presburg or Brezisburg, the town of Brazilaus

Prescot, 55

Presteign and Preston, 194

Privas, anc. _Privatium Castra_, the fortress not belonging to the state, but private property

Prossnitz, on the R. Prosna

Providence, in U.S., so named by Roger Williams, who was persecuted by the Puritan settlers in Massachusetts because he preached toleration in religion, and was obliged to take refuge at that place, to which, in gratitude to God, he gave this name

Prussia, the country of the _Pruezi_

Puebla, Span. a town or village

Puebla-de-los-Angelos, the town of the angels, so called from its fine climate

Puenta-de-la-Reyna, 159

Puerto, the harbour

Pulo-Penang, 161

Puozzuoli, 161

Puy-de-dome, 156

Pwlhelli, 159

Pyrenees Mountains, named either from the Basque _pyrge_, high, or from the Celtic _pyr_, a fir-tree

Pyrmont, 142

Q

Quang-se, the western province, in China

Quang-tung, the eastern province

Quatre-Bras, Fr. the four arms, _i.e._ at the meeting of four roads

Quebec, in Canada, named after Quebec in Brittany, the village on the point

Queensberry, 24

Queen’s County, named after Queen Mary

Queensferry, 76

Queensland and Queenstown, named after Queen Victoria

Quimper, 53

Quimper-lé, 53

Quita, the deep ravine

R

Radnorshire, 165

Radom and Radomka, named after the Sclav. deity Ratzi

Rajputana, 163

Ramgunga, 86

Ramnaggur, ram’s fort

Ramsgate, 88

Randers, 162

Raphoe, 163

Rapidan R., named after Queen Anne

Rappahannock R., Ind. the river of quick-rising waters

Rastadt, 163

Ratibor, 28

Ratisbon, Sclav. the fortress on the R. Regen, Ger. _Regena Castra_ or _Regensburg_

Ravenna, 79

Rayne, Gael. _raon_, a plain, a parish in Aberdeenshire

Reading, a patronymic

Redruth, in Cornwall, in old deeds, _Tre-Druith_, the dwelling of the Druids

Reeth, on the stream, _rith_

Rega R., 164

Reichenbach, 15

Reichenhall, 98

Reigate, 88

Reims or Rheims, named for the _Remi_, a tribe

Remscheid, 171

Renaix, corrupt. from _Hrodnace_, the town of Hrodno

Renfrew, 162

Rennes, named from the _Rhedoni_, a tribe

Resht, Ar. headship

Resolven, Welsh _Rhiw_, Scotch _maen_, the brow of the stonehead, in Glamorganshire

Reculver, in Kent, corrupt. from _Regoluion_, the point against the waves

Retford, 166

Reutlingen, a patronymic

Revel, named from two small islands near the town, called _reffe_, the sand-banks

Reykiavik or Reikiavik, 209

Rhine R. and Rhone R., 164

Rhode Island, 74

Rhodes and Rosas, in Spain, named from the _Rhodians_, a Grecian tribe

Rhyddlan or Rhuddlan, Cym.-Cel. the red church

Rhyl, the cleft, a watering-place in North Wales

Rhymni, the marshy land, in Monmouthshire, on a river called the Rhymni, from the nature of the land through which it flows--_v._ Romney, at EA, 71

Riga, 126

Ringwood, in Hants, the wood of the Regni

Rio-de-Janeiro, 164

Ripon, 167

Ritzbuttel, 27

Rive-de-Gier, 166

Rivoli, 166

Rochdale, the valley of the R. Roche

Rochefort, 167

Rochelle, 167

Rochester, 167

Roermonde, 140

Romania or Roumilli, 109

Romans, anc. _Romanum-Monasterium_, the monastery of the Romans, founded by St. Bernard

Rome, perhaps named from the _groma_, or four cross roads that at the forum formed the nucleus of the city

Romorantin, 166

Roncesvalles, 200

Roque, La, Cape, the rock

Roscommon, 167

Roscrea, 167

Rosetta, anc. Ar. _Rasched_, headship

Ross, in Hereford, 165

Rossbach, the horse’s brook

Ross-shire, 168

Rothenburg, 165

Rotherham, 165

Rotherthurm, 165

Rothesay, the isle of Rother, the ancient name of Bute

Rotterdam, 60

Rouen, 133

Rousillon, named from the ancient town of _Ruscino_, a Roman colony

Roveredo, Lat. _Roboretum_, a place planted with oaks, in Tyrol

Row, in Dumbartonshire, from _rubha_, Gael. a promontory running into the sea

Roxburgh, 167

Ruabon, corrupt. from _Rhiw-Mabon-Sant_, the ascent of St. Mabon, in North Wales

Rudgeley or Rugely, 166

Rugen, named from the Rugii

Runcorn, 45

Runnymede, 132

Rushbrook and Rushford, 167

Russia, named from the _Rossi_, a tribe of Norsemen in the ninth century

Ruthin and Rhuddlan, 165

Rutland, 165

Rybinsk, 168

Ryde, 167

Ryswick, 168

S

Saale R., 169

Saarbrück, 31

Saar-Louis, 12

Sabor, 28

Sabor R., 28

Saffron Walden, 202

Sagan, Sclav. behind the road

Sahara, 176

Saida or Sidon, Semitic, fish town

Saintes, named from the _Santones_

Salamanca, 169