Chapter 23 of 23 · 3892 words · ~19 min read

Part 23

Salem, in U.S., intended by the Puritans to be a type of the New Jerusalem

Salford, 169

Salins, 169

Salisbury, 35

Salonica, corrupt. from _Thessalonica_

Salop, contracted from _Sloppesbury_, the Norman corruption of _Scrobbesbury_, the town among shrubs, now Shrewsbury--_v._ 34

Saltcoats, 55

Salzburg, 169

Samarcand, said to have been named after Alexander the Great

Samaria, the town of Shemir

Samos, Phœn. the lofty

Sandwich, 209

Sangerhausen--_v._ SANG

Sanquhar, 172

San Salvador, the Holy Saviour, the first land descried by Columbus, and therefore named by him from the Saviour, who had guarded him in so many perils

San Sebastian, the first Spanish colony founded in South America

Santa Cruz, 57

Santa Fé, the city of the holy faith, founded by Queen Isabella after the siege of Granada

Santander, named after St. Andrew

Saragossa, corrupt. from _Cæsarea Augusta_; its Basque name was _Saluba_, the sheep’s ford

Sarawak, Malay _Sarakaw_, the cove

Sarnow, 212

Saskatchewan, swift current, a river in British North America

Saul, in Gloucester--_v._ SALH, 169

Saul, Co. Down--_v._ SABHALL, 168

Saumur, anc. _Salmurium_, the walled building

Saxony, 170

Scala-nova, 39

Scalloway, 170

Scarborough, 175

Scawfell Mountain, 78

Schaffhausen, 102

Schemnitz, 114

Schichallion Mountain, Gael. _Ti-chail-linn_, the maiden’s pap

Schleswick, 209

Schmalkalden, 171

Schotturen, the Scotch Vienna, a colony of Scottish monks having settled there

Schreckhorn Mountain, 107

Schweidnitz, Sclav. the place of the cornel-tree

Schweinfurt, the ford of the Suevi

Schwerin, 172

Scilly Islands, the islands of the rock, _siglio_

Scinde, the country of the R. Indus or Sinde

Scratch meal Scar, in Cumberland--_v._ SKAER, 175

Scutari, in Albania, corrupt. from _Scodra_, hill town

Scutari, in Turkey, from _Uskudar_, Pers. a messenger, having been in remote periods, what it is to this day, a station for Asiatic couriers

Sebastopol, 158

Sedlitz, 174

Segovia, anc. _Segubia_, probably the plain on the river-bend; _ce_, a plain, and _gubia_, a bend

Selby, 173

Selinga, 173

Semipalatinsk, 152

Senlis, 173

Sens, named from the _Senones_

Seringapatam, 153

Settle, 173

Seville, Phœn. _Sephala_, a marshy plain

Sevres, named from the two rivers which traverse it, anc. _Villa Savara_

Shamo, Chinese, the desert

Shan--_v._ SEANN, 172

Shanghai, supreme court

Shansi, west of the mountain

Shantung, east of the mountain

Sherborne, 172

Shetland Islands, 104

Shields, 170

Shiraz, 174

Shirvan, said to have been named after Nieshirvan, a king of Persia

Shotover, corrupt. from _Chateauvert_, green castle

Shrewsbury--_v._ Salop

Sicily, named from the _Siculi_, a tribe

Sidlaw Hills, fairy hills--_v._ SIDH

Sidon--_v._ Saida, in Index.

Silesia, Sclav. _Zlezia_, the bad land

Silhet or Sirihat, the rich market

Silloth Bay, perhaps herring bay, _sil_, Norse, a herring, and _lod_, a bundle of fishing lines

Sion or Sitten, 174

Sion, Mount, the upraised

Skagen, Cape, 176

Skager-rack, 176

Skaw Cape, 176

Skipton, 176

Skye Island, Gael. _Ealan-skianach_, the winged island

Slamanan, 177

Sligo, named from the R. _Sligeach_, shelly water

Sluys, 171

Slyne Head, 46

Snäfell Mountain, 78

Snaith, 177

Snowdon Mountain, 70

Socotra, 65

Soissons, named from the _Suessiones_

Sokoto, the market-place

Soleure, corrupt. from St. Ours or Ursinus, to whom the church was dedicated

Solway Firth, according to Camden, was named from a small village in Scotland called Solam

Somerset, 173

Sommariva, the summit of the bank

Somogy, Hung. the place of cornel-trees

Sophia, Grk. wisdom, dedicated to the second person of the Trinity

Sorbonne, named from Robert de Sorbonne, almoner of St. Louis

Söst or Soest, 174

Soudan--_v._ BELED

Southampton, 194

Southwark, 206

Souvigny, 173

Spa, 82

Spalatro, 152

Sparta, Grk. the sowed land or the place of scattered houses

Spires or Speyer, named from the R. Speyerbach

Spitzbergen, 156

Spurn Head, the look-out cape, from _spyrian_, to look out

St. Alban’s Head, corrupt. from St. Aldhelm’s Head

St. Andrews, so named from a tradition that the bones of St. Andrew were brought to that place by St. Regulus: formerly called _Mucros_, the boar’s headland, and then Kilrymont, the church or cell of the king’s mount

St. Cloud for St. Hloddwald

St. David’s, in Wales, Welsh _Ty-Ddewi_--_v._ TY

St. Heliers for St. Hilarius

St. Omer for St. Awdomar

Stadel, etc., 179

Staffa, 180

Staines, 181

Stamboul, 158

Stanislaus, named after Stanislaus of Poland

Stantz, 181

Stargard, 182

Starodub, 182

Startpoint, 182

Stavropol, 158

Stellenbosch, 36

Stepney, 105

Stetten, Sclav. _Zytyn_, the place of green corn

Stirling, Cym.-Cel. _Ystrevelyn_, the town of the Easterlings, from Flanders

Stockholm, 106

Stockport, 184

Stockton, 184

Stoke, 183

Stolpe, 184

Stonehaven, 97

Stow-market, 183

Stradbally, 184

Stralsund, 185

Strasbourg, 184

Strehlitz, 184

Striegau or Cziska, Sclav. the place on the small stream, _tschuga_

Stulweissenburg--_v._ FEHER

Stuttgard, 87

Styria or Steyermark, the boundary of the R. Steyer

Sudetic Mountains, 185

Suez, the mouth or opening

Suffolk, 185

Sumatra, corrupt. from _Trimatra_, the happy

Sunderbunds, corrupt. from _Sundari-vana_, so called from the forest, _vana_, of _Sundari_-trees

Sunderland, 186

Surat, _i.e._ _Su-rashta_, the good country

Surrey, 164

Susa, a city of ancient Persia, so called from the _lilies_ in its neighbourhood; _susa_, a lily

Sussex, 170

Sutherlandshire, 185

Sviatoi-nos, 146

Swan R., so named from the number of black swans seen by the first discoverer

Swansea, 71

Sweden, 164

Sydney, named after a governor of the colony

Syria--_v._ BELED, 20

Szent-kercsyt, 186

Szentes, for saint, 186

T

Tabriz, anc. _Taurus_, the mountain town

Tagus or Tejo R., Phœn. the fish river

Tain, 190

Takhtapul, the throne city, the seat of the Turkish Afghan government

Takht-i-Soliman, the throne of Solomon, being the highest of the Solomon Mountains

Talavera, 29

Tamsai, fresh water town, in China

Tananarivo, the city of one thousand towns, the capital of Madagascar

Tanderagee, Ir. _Ton-legœith_, the place with its back to the wind

Tanjier, Phœn. the city protected by God

Tanjore, corrupt. from _Tanjavur_, derived from its ancient name _Tanja-Nagaram_, the city of refuge

Tarazona, 199

Tarifa, named after a Moorish chief

Tarnopol, 187

Tarporley, 126

Tarragona, anc. _Tarraco_, Phœn. _Tarchon_, the citadel or palace

Tarsus, Phœn. the strong place

Tasmania, named after Abel Tasman, who discovered it in 1642. It was called Van Diemen’s Land in honour of the Governor-General of the Dutch East India Company

Taurus Mountain, 196

Tavistock, 184

Tay R., 187

Tcherniz, 212

Teflis, 189

Teltown, Ir. _Tailten_, where Taillte, the daughter of the King of Spain, was buried

Temeswar, Hung. the fortress on the R. Temes

Temisconata, the wonder of water, a county and lake in Canada

Temple, a parish in Mid-Lothian, where there was an establishment for the Templars or Red Friars, founded by David I.

Tennessee R., the spoon-shaped river, so called from its curve

Tenterden, 62

Teramo, 14

Terni, 14

Terranova, 189

Texas, Ind. hunting ground

Tezcuco, Mexican, the place of detention

Thames R., 187

Thannheim, 187

Thapsus, the passage

Thaxsted, 180

Thebes, in Egypt, _Taba_, the capital

Thermia, Grk. the place of warm springs, in Sicily

Thermopylæ, the defile of the warm springs

Thian-shan, Chinese, the celestial mountains

Thian-shan-nan-loo, the country south of the celestial mountains

Thian-shan-pe-loo, the country north of the celestial mountains

Thibet, supposed to be a corrupt. of _Thupo_, the country of the Thou, a people who founded an empire there in the sixth century

This or Abou-This, _i.e._ the city of This, corrupted by the Greeks into _Abydos_

Thouars, 12

Thrace, Grk. the rough land, _trachus_

Thun, 69

Thurgau, 88

Thurles, 128

Thurso, 1

Tiber R., 192

Tideswell, 161

Tierra-del-Fuego, 189

Tillicoultry, 198

Tilsit or Tilzela, at the conf. of the R. Tilzele with the Memel

Tinnevelly, corrupt. from _Trinavali_, one of the names of Vishnu

Tinto Hill, 189

Tipperary, 192

Tiree Island, 189

Tiverton, 83

Tlascala, Mexican, the place of bread

Tobermory, 192

Tobolsk, 176

Todmorden, corrupt. from _Todmare-dean_, the valley of the foxes’ mere or marsh

Tomantoul, 192

Tomsk, 176

Tongres, 186

Tonquin, Chinese _Tang-king_, the eastern capital

Toome--_v._ TUAIM, 197

Töplitz, Neu and Alt

Torgau, 195

Torquay, 195

Torres Straits, named after one of Magalhaen’s lieutenants

Torres-Vedras, 195

Torquemada, 195

Tory Island, 195

Toul and Toulouse, 50

Toulon, anc. _Telonium_ or _Telo Martius_, named after its founder

Tourcoing, 195

Tours, 196

Towie and Tough, parishes in Aberdeenshire, from Gael, _tuath_, the north

Trafalgar, 90

Tralee, 196

Tranent, 197

Transylvania, 173

Trapani, anc. _Drapanum_, the sickle, Grk. _drepanon_

Tras-os-Montes, 142

Traun R., 196

Traunik, 196

Traunviertel, 196

Trave R., 196

Trebizond, Grk. _trapezus_, the table, so called from its form

Trent, anc. _Civitas-Tridentium_, the town of the _Tridenti_

Trêves, named from the _Treviri_, a tribe

Trichinapalli, the town of the giant _Trisira_

Trim, at the elder-tree, 197

Trinidad, so named by Columbus from its three peaks, emblematic of the Holy Trinity

Tring, a patronymic

Tripoli, 158

Tripolitza, 158

Trolhätta Fall, Goth. the abyss of the trolls or demons

Trondhjem or Drontheim

Troon, 178

Troppau, _i.e._ _Zur-Oppa_, on the R. Oppa

Troyes, named from the _Tricasses_

Truro, 197

Truxillo, in Spain, corrupt. from _Turris-Julii_, Julius’s tower

Tuam, 197

Tubingen, anc. _Diowingen_, probably a patronymic

Tudela, anc. _Tutela_, the watch-tower

Tullamore, 197

Tulle, anc. _Tutela_, the watch-tower

Tullow, 197

Turin, anc. _Augusta-Taurinorum_, named from the Taurini, _i.e._ dwellers among hills

Tweed R., Brit. _tuedd_, a border

Tyndrum, 188

Tynron, 188

Tyre, 196

Tyrnau, on the R. Tyrnau

Tyrone, 189

Tzerna or Czerna R., 212

Tzernagora, 212

U

Udny, a parish in Aberdeenshire, _i.e._ _Wodeney_, from the Saxon god Woden

Uist, North and South, Scand. _Vist_, an abode

Uj-hely, Hung. new place

Ukraine, Sclav. the frontier or boundary

Ulleswater, 206

Ulm or Ulma, the place of elm-trees

Ulster, 183

Unst Island, anc. _Ornyst_, Scand. the eagle’s nest

Unyamuezi, the land of the moon

Upsala, 169

Ural Mountains and R., Tartar, the belt or girdle

Usedom, the Germanised form of _Huzysch_, Sclav. the place of learning

Usk R., 198

Utrecht, 66

V

Valais, 199

Valence, in France, and

Valencia, in Spain, anc. _Valentia_, the powerful

Valenciennes and Valenza, or Valence, said to have been named after the Emperor Valentinian

Valentia Island, in Ireland, Ir. _Dearbhre_, the oak wood

Valetta, in Malta, named after the Grand Master of the Knights of St. John in 1566

Valparaiso, 200

Van Diemen’s Land, named after Maria Van Diemen by Tasman

Vannes, named from the _Veneti_

Varna, Turc. the fortress

Varosvar, 200

Vasarhely, 103

Vaucluse, 200

Vaud, Pays de, 200

Velekaja R., 200

Vendée, La, and

Vendôme, named from the _Veneti_

Venezuela, little Venice, so called from an Indian village constructed on piles, discovered by the Spaniards

Venice, 79

Venloo, 79

Ventnor, 150

Ventry, 196

Verdun and Verden, 69

Vermont, green mountain

Vevey, anc. _Vibiscum_, on the R. Vip

Viborg, 201

Vick, 210

Vienna, Ger. _Wien_, on the R. Wien, an affluent of the Danube

Viesti, named from a temple dedicated to Vesta

Vigo, 209

Vimeira, Port. the place of osiers, _vime_

Vincennes, anc. _Ad-Vicenas_

Virginia, named after Queen Elizabeth

Vistula or Wisla, the west-flowing river

Vitré, corrupt. from _Victoriacum_, the victorious

Vitry, the victorious, founded by Francis I.

Vladimir, founded by the ducal family of that name in the twelfth century

Vogelberg, the hill of birds

Volga, the great water

Volhynia, Sclav. the plain

Voorburg, 84

Voralberg, _i.e._ in front of the Arlberg ridge

Vukovar, the fortress on the R. Vuka

W

Wakefield, 206

Walcherin Island, 204

Waldeck, 202

Walden, Saffron, 202

Wales, 203

Wallachia, 204

Wallendorf, 204

Wallenstadt, 204

Wallingford, 203

Walthamstow, 202

Ware, 207

Wareham, 207

Warminster, 207

Warrington, a patronymic

Warsaw, the fortified place--_v._ VAR

Warwick, 205

Waterford, 80

Waterloo, 130

Weimar, 134

Weissenfels, 207

Weistritz R., the swift, straight stream

Well--_v._ QUELLE

Welland R., the river into which the tide flows

Wellingborough, a patronymic

Wellington, a patronymic

Wells, 161

Welshpool, Welsh _Trallwng_, the quagmire

Wem, 198

Wemys, _uamh_, the cave

Werden, 205

Wesely, Hung. pleasant

Weser R., 1

Westeraas, 208

Westphalia, the western plain

Wetterhorn, 108

Wexford, 80

Whitby, 37

Whitehaven, 97

Whithorn, 11

Wiborg, 201

Wick, 209

Wicklow, 209

Wiesbaden, 16

Wigan, 201

Wight, Isle of, anc. _Zuzo-yr-with_, the island of the channel

Wigton, 201

Wiltshire, 173

Wimbleton, 193

Wimborne, 210

Winchester, 44

Windsor, 150

Wirksworth, 208

Wisbeach, the shore of the R. Ouse, _uisge_, water

Wisconsin, Ind. the wild rushing channel

Wismar, 210

Withey, 207

Wittenberg, 207

Wittstock, 210

Wladislawaw, the town of Wladislav

Wokingham, 5

Wolfenbuttel, 27

Wolga--_v._ Volga

Wolverhampton, 193

Woodstock, 210

Wooler, 211

Woolwich, 104

Worcester, anc. _Huic-wara-ceaster_, the camp of the _Huieci_

Worms, 133

Worm’s Head, the serpent’s head, _ornr_, from its form

Worthing, 211

Wrath, Cape, Scand. the cape of the _hvarf_, or turning

Wrietzen or Brietzen, Sclav. the place of birch-trees--_v._ BRASA

Wroxeter, anc. _Uriconium_

Wurtemberg, anc. _Wrtinisberk_, from a personal name

Wurtzburg, 212

Wycombe, 53

Wyoming Valley, corrupt. from _Maugh-wauwame_, Ind. the large plains

X

Xanthus R., Grk. the yellow river

Xeres de la Frontera, anc. _Asta Regia Cæsariana_, Cæsar’s royal fortress

Xeres de los Caballeros, Cæsar’s cavalry town

Y

Yakutsk, named from the _Yakuts_, a Tartar tribe

Yang-tse Kiang R., the son of the great water

Yarra, the ever-flowing, a river in Australia

Yeddo or Jeddo, river door

Yell, barren

Yemen, to the south or right

Yeni-Bazaar, 212

Yenisi R., 212

Yeovil, 201

York, 209

Youghal, anc. _Eochaill_, the yew wood

Ypres or Yperen, the dwelling on the Yperlea

Ysselmonde, 140

Yunnan, the cloudy south region, in China

Yvetot, 192

Yvoire, 9

Z

Zab R., 212

Zabern, 186

Zambor, Sclav. behind the wood

Zanguebar or Zanjistan, Pers. and Arab., the land of the Zangis and Bahr

Zaragossa--_v._ Saragossa

Zealand, in Denmark, _Sjvelland_, spirit land

Zealand, in Netherlands, land surrounded by the sea

Zeitz, named after Ciza, a Sclav. goddess

Zell or Cell, 48

Zerbst, belonging to the Wends, _Sserbski_

Zittau, the place of corn

Zug, anc. _Tugium_, named from the _Tugeni_, a tribe

Zurich, anc. _Thiouricum_, the town of the Thuricii, who built it after it had been destroyed by Attila

Zutphen, 79

Zuyder-Zee, 172

Zweibrücken, 31

Zwickau, the place of goats, Ger. _Ziege_

Zwolle, anc. _Suole_, Old Ger. _Sval_, at the swell of the water

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_MODERN._

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“Modern geography has, up to quite a recent date, been almost entirely neglected in many of our large schools, and where professedly taught has, in too many instances, been made the most repulsive instead of the most fascinating of studies. Such books must ever be not less welcome to teacher than to pupil.”--_Standard._

A SCHOOL MANUAL OF MODERN GEOGRAPHY. By JOHN RICHARDSON. 400 pp. Post 8vo. 5s.

“After a careful examination, we are bound to say that it is the most comprehensive, accurate, and methodical geography with which we are familiar, and bears on every page unmistakable traces of careful and industrious research. It fully sustains the high reputation of Mr. Murray’s series of Manuals, and we venture to predict for it a wide popularity. Bearing in mind its high character, it is a model of cheapness.”--_School Guardian._

A SMALLER MANUAL OF MODERN GEOGRAPHY. By JOHN RICHARDSON. 16mo. 2s. 6d.

“We frankly acknowledge that we have never seen anything of its kind, and for its space, at all approaching to this Smaller Geography.”--_English Churchman._

THE STUDENT’S GEOGRAPHY OF BRITISH INDIA. By GEORGE SMITH, LL.D.

“This book is a marvel of labour and condensation, and its compiler states that he has prepared himself for his task for more than twenty years.”--_Spectator._

_ANCIENT._

THE STUDENT’S MANUAL OF ANCIENT GEOGRAPHY. By Canon W. L. BEVAN, M.A. With 240 Maps and Woodcuts. Post 8vo. 7s. 6d.

By the Same Author.

A SMALLER MANUAL OF ANCIENT GEOGRAPHY. With Thirty Woodcuts. 240 pp. 16mo. 3s. 6d.

“A valuable addition to our geographical works. It contains the newest and most reliable information derived from the researches of modern travellers. No better text-book can be placed in the hands of scholars.”--_Journal of Education._

PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. By MARY SOMERVILLE. Revised by JOHN RICHARDSON. 548 pp. 9s.

“So far as general physical geography goes, such Manuals as those of ... Mrs. Somerville leave little to be desired.”--Mr. J. S. KELTIE’S _Report on Geographical Education_.

JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET, LONDON.

FOOTNOTES:

[1] _Ancient Books of Wales_, vol. i. p. 144, with reference to the famous work of Chalmers, the _Caledonia_.

[2] _A_, signifying in possession, seems to be derived from _a_, Old Norse, I have; _aga_, I possess. The Old English _awe_, to own, is still retained in the north of England and in Aberdeenshire.

[3] Caer-afon (the fortress on the water) was its ancient name.

[4] It obtained the name from two large stones that lay on the roadside near the church, and possessed that property.

[5] For the word _Beltein_, _v._ Joyce’s _Irish Names of Places_, vol. i. p. 187; Chambers’s _Encyclopædia_; and Petrie’s _Round Towers of Ireland_.

Transcriber’s Notes:

1. Obvious printers’, punctuation and spelling errors have been corrected silently.

2. Some hyphenated and non-hyphenated versions of the same words have been retained as in the original.

3. Italics are shown as _xxx_.