Part 21

gram-hydig, adj., _with hostile feeling, maliciously inclined_: nom. sg. gromhydig, 1750.

grâp, st. f., _the hand ready to grasp, hand, claw_: dat. sg. mid grâpe, 438; on grâpe, 555; gen. sg. eal ... Grendles grâpe, _all of Grendel's claw, the whole claw_, 837; dat. pl. on grames grâpum, 766; (as instr.) grimman grâpum, _with grim claws_, 1543.--Comp.: feónd-, hilde-grâp.

grâpian, w. v., _to grasp, to lay hold of, to seize_: pret. sg. þät hire wið halse heard grâpode, _that_ (the sword) _griped hard at her neck_, 1567; he ... grâpode gearofolm, _he took hold with ready hand_, 2086.

gräs-molde, w. f., _grass-plot_: acc. sg. gräsmoldan träd, _went over the grass-plot_, 1882.

grædig, adj., _greedy, hungry, voracious_: nom. sg. grim and grædig, 121, 1500; acc. sg. grædig gûðleóð, 1523.

græg, adj., _gray_: nom. pl. äsc-holt ufan græg, _the ashen wood, gray above_ (the spears with iron points) 330; acc. pl. græge syrcan, _gray_ (i.e. iron) _shirts of mail_, 334.

græg-mæl, adj., _having a gray color_, here = _iron_: nom. sg. sweord Beówulfes gomol and grægmæl, 2683.

græpe. See ät-græpe.

grêtan, w. v. w. acc.: 1) _to greet, to salute_: inf. hine swâ gôdne grêtan, 347; Hrôðgâr grêtan, 1647, 2011; eówic grêtan hêt (_bade me bring you his last greeting_), 3096; pret. sg. grêtte Geáta leód, 626; grêtte þâ guma ôðerne, 653; Hrôðgâr grêtte, 1817.-- 2) _to come on, to come near, to seek out; to touch; to take hold of_: inf. gifstôl grêtan, _take possession of the throne, mount it as ruler_, 168; näs se folccyning ænig ... þe mec gûðwinum grêtan dorste (_attack with swords_), 2736; Wyrd ... se þone gomelan grêtan sceolde, 2422; þät þone sin-scaðan gûðbilla nân grêtan nolde, _that no sword would take hold upon the irreconcilable enemy_, 804; pret. sg. grêtte goldhroden guman on healle, _the gold-adorned_ (queen) _greeted the men in the hall_, 615; nô he mid hearme ... gästas grêtte, _did not approach the strangers with insults_, 1894; gomenwudu grêtte, _touched the wood of joy, played the harp_, 2109; pret. subj. II. sg. þät þu þone wälgæst wihte ne grêtte, _that thou shouldst by no means seek out the murderous spirit_ (Grendel), 1996; similarly, sg. III. þät he ne grêtte goldweard þone, 3082; pret. part. þær wäs ... gomenwudu grêted, 1066.

ge-grêtan, w. acc.: 1) _to greet, to salute, to address_: pret. sg. holdne gegrêtte meaglum wordum, _greeted the dear man with formal words_, 1981; gegrêtte þâ gumena gehwylcne ... hindeman siðe, _spoke then the last time to each of the men_, 2517.--2) _to approach, to come near, to seek out_: inf. sceal ... manig ôðerne gôdum gegrêtan ofer ganotes bäð, _many a one will seek another across the sea with gifts_, 1862.

greót, st. m., _grit, sand, earth_: dat. sg. on greóte, 3169.

greótan, st. v., _to weep, to mourn, to lament_: pres. sg. III. se þe äfter sincgyfan on sefan greóteð, _who laments in his heart for the treasure-giver_, 1343.

grim, adj., _grim, angry, wild, hostile_: nom. sg., 121, 555, 1500, etc.; weak form, se grimma gäst, 102; acc. sg. m. grimne, 1149, 2137; fem, grimme, 1235; gen. sg. grimre gûðe, 527; instr. pl. grimman grâpum, 1543.--Comp.: beado-, heaðo-, heoro-, searo-grim.

grimme, adv., _grimly, in a hostile manner, bitterly_, 3013, 3086.

grim-lîc, adj., _grim, terrible_: nom. sg. grimlîc gry[re-gäst], 3042.

grimman, st. v., (properly _to snort_), _to go forward hastily, to hasten_: pret. pl. grummon, 306.

grindan, st. v., _to grind_, in

for-grindan, _to destroy, to ruin_: pret. sg. w. dat. forgrand gramum, _destroyed the enemy, killed them_ (?), 424; pret. part. w. acc. häfde lîgdraca leóda fästen ... glêdum forgrunden, _had with flames destroyed the people's feasts_, 2336; þâ his âgen (scyld) wäs glêdum forgrunden, _since his own (shield) had been destroyed by the fire_, 2678.

gripe, st. m., _gripe, attack_: nom. sg. gripe mêces, 1766; acc. sg. grimne gripe, 1149.--Comp.: fær-, mund-, nîð-gripe.

grîma, w. m., _mask, visor_: in comp. beado-, here-grîma.

grîm-helm, st. m., _mask-helmet, helmet with visor_: acc. pl. grîm-helmas, 334.

grîpan, st. v., _to gripe, to seize, to grasp_: pret. sg. grâp þâ tôgeánes, _then she caught at_, 1502.

for-grîpan _(to gripe vehemently), to gripe so as to kill, to kill by the grasp_, w. dat.: pret. sg. ät gûðe forgrâp Grendeles mægum, 2354. wið-grîpan, w. dat., _(to seize at), to maintain, to hold erect_: inf. hû wið þam aglæcean elles meahte gylpe wið-grîpan, _how else I might maintain my boast of battle against the monster_, 2522.

grôwan, st. v., _to grow, to sprout_: pret. sg. him on ferhðe greów breósthord blôdreów, 1719.

grund, st. m.: 1) _ground, plain, fields_ in contrast with highlands; _earth_ in contrast with heaven: dat. sg. sôhte ... äfter grunde, _sought along the ground_, 2295; acc. pl. ofer grundas, 1405, 2074.--2) _bottom, the lowest part_: acc. sg. grund (of the sea of Grendel), 1368; on gyfenes grund, 1395; under gynne grund (_bottom of the sea_) 1552; dat. sg. tô grunde (of the sea), 553; grunde (of the drake's cave) getenge, 2759; so, on grunde, 2766.--Comp.: eormen-, mere-, sæ-grund.

grund-bûend, pres. part., _inhabitant of the earth_: gen. pl. grund-bûendra, 1007.

grund-hyrde, st. m., _warder of the bottom_ (of the sea): acc. sg. (of Grendel's mother), 2137.

grund-sele, st. m., _hall at the bottom_ (of the sea): dat sg. in þam [grund]sele, 2140.

grund-wang, st. m., _ground surface, lowest surface_: acc. sg. þone grund-wong (_bottom of the sea_), 1497; (bottom of the drake's cave), 2772, 2589.

grund-wyrgen, st. f., _she-wolf of the bottom_ (of the sea): acc. sg. grund-wyrgenne (Grendel's mother), 1519.

gryn (cf. Gloss. Aldh. "retinaculum, rete grin," Hpts. Ztschr. IX. 429), st. n., _net, noose, snare_: gen. pl. fela ... grynna, 931. See gyrn.

gryre, st. m., _horror, terror, anything causing terror_: nom. sg., 1283; acc. sg. wið Grendles gryre, 384; hie Wyrd forsweóp on Grendles gryre, _snatched them away into the horror of Grendel, to the horrible Grendel_, 478; dat. pl. mid gryrum ecga, 483; gen. pl. swâ fela gryra, 592.--Comp.: fær-, wîg-gryre.

gryre-brôga, w. m., _terror and horror, amazement_: nom. sg. [gryre-]br[ô]g[a], 2229.

gryre-fâh, adj., _gleaming terribly_: acc. sg. gryre-fâhne (_the fire-spewing drake_, cf. also [draca] fýrwylmum fâh, 2672), 2577.

gryre-gäst, st. m., _terror-guest, stranger causing terror_: nom. sg. grimlîc gry[regäst], 3042; dat. sg. wið þam gryregieste (the dragon), 2561.

gryre-geatwe, st. f. pl., _terror-armor, warlike equipment_: dat. pl. in hyra gryre-geatwum, 324.

gryre-leóð, st. n., _terror-song, fearful song_: acc. sg. gehýrdon gryreleóð galan godes and-sacan (_heard Grendel's cry of agony_), 787.

gryre-lîc, adj., _terrible, horrible_: acc. sg. gryre-lîcne, 1442, 2137.

gryre-sîð, st. m., _way of terror, way causing terror_, i.e. warlike expedition: acc. pl. se þe gryre-sîðas gegân dorste, 1463.

guma, w. m., _man, human being_: nom. sg., 653, 869, etc.; acc. sg. guman, 1844, 2295; dat. sg. guman (gumum, MS.), 2822; nom pl. guman, 215, 306, 667, etc.; acc. pl. guman, 615; dat. pl. gumum, 127, 321; gen. pl. gumena, 73, 328, 474, 716, etc.--Comp.: driht-, seld-guma.

gum-cyn, st. n., _race of men, people, nation_: gen. sg. we synt gumcynnes Geáta leóde, _people from the nation of the Geátas_, 260; dat. pl. äfter gum-cynnum, _along the nations, among the nations_, 945.

gum-cyst, st. f., _man's excellence, man's virtue_: acc. sg. (or pl.) gumcyste, 1724; dat. pl. as adv., _excellently, preeminently_: gumcystum gôdne beága bryttan, 1487; gumcystum gôd ... hilde-hlemma (Beówulf), 2544.

gum-dreám, st. m., _joyous doings of men_: acc. sg. gum-dreám ofgeaf (died), 2470.

gum-dryhten, st. m., _lord of men_: nom. sg. 1643.

gum-fêða, w. m., _troop of men going on foot_: nom. sg., 1402.

gum-man, st. m., _man_: gen. pl. gum-manna fela, 1029.

gum-stôl, st. m., _man's seat_ [Greek: kat'ezochæn] _ruler's seat, throne_: dat. sg. in gumstôle, 1953.

gûð, st. f., _combat, battle_: nom. sg., 1124, 1659, 2484, 2537; acc. sg. gûðe, 604; instr. sg. gûðe, 1998; dat. sg. tô (ät) gûðe, 438, 1473. 1536, 2354, etc.; gen. sg. gûðe, 483, 527, 631, etc.; dat. pl. gûðum, 1959, 2179; gen. pl. gûða, 2513, 2544.

gûð-beorn, st. m., _warrior_: gen. pl. gûð-beorna sum (_the strand-guard on the Danish coast_), 314.

gûð-bil, st. n., _battle-bill_: nom. sg. gûðbill, 2585; gen. pl. gûð-billa nân, 804.

gûð-byrne, w. f., _battle-corselet_: nom. sg., 321.

gûð-cearu, st. f., _sorrow which the combat brings_: dat. sg. äfter gûð-ceare, 1259.

gûð-cräft, st. m., _warlike strength, power in battle_: nom. sg. Grendles gûð-cräft, 127.

gûð-cyning, st. m., _king in battle, king directing a battle_: nom. sg., 199, 1970, 2336, etc.

gûð-deáð, st. m., _death in battle_: nom. sg., 2250.

gûð-floga, w. m., _flying warrior_: acc. sg. wið þone gûðflogan (the drake), 2529.

gûð-freca, w. m., _hero in battle, warrior_ (see freca): nom. sg. gearo gûð-freca, of the drake, 2415.

gûð-fremmend, pres. part., _fighting a battle, warrior_: gen. pl. gûð-fremmendra, 246; gûð- (gôd-, MS.) fremmendra swylcum, _such a warrior_ (meaning Beówulf), 299.

gûð-gewæde, st. n., _battle-dress, armor_: nom. pl. gûð-gewædo, 227; acc. pl. -gewædu, 2618, 2631(?), 2852, 2872; gen. pl. -gewæda, 2624.

gûð-geweorc, st. n., _battle-work warlike deed_: gen. pl., -geweorca, 679, 982, 1826.

gûð-geatwe, st. f. pl., _equipment for combat_: acc. þâ gûð-geatwa (-getawa, MS.), 2637; dat. in eówrum gûð-geatawum, 395.

gûð-helm, st. m., _battle-helmet_: nom. sg., 2488.

gûð-horn, st. n., _battle-horn_: acc. sg., 1433.

gûð-hrêð, st. f., _battle-fame_: nom. sg., 820.

gûð-leóð, st. n., _battle-song_: acc., sg., 1523.

gûð-môd, adj., _disposed to battle, having an inclination to battle_. nom. pl. gûð-môde, 306.

gûð-ræs, st. m., _storm of battle, attack_: acc. sg., 2992; gen. pl. gûð-ræsa, 1578, 2427.

gûð-reów, adj., _fierce in battle_: nom. sg., 58.

gûð-rinc, st. m., _man of battle, fighter, warrior_: nom. sg., 839, 1119, 1882; acc. sg., 1502; gen. pl. gûð-rinca, 2649.

gûð-rôf, adj., _renowned in battle_: nom. sg., 609.

gûð-sceaða, w. m., _battle-foe, enemy in combat_: nom. sg., of the drake, 2319.

gûð-scearu, st. f., _decision of the battle_: dat. sg. äfter gûð-sceare, 1214.

gûð-sele, st. m., _battle-hall, hall in which a battle takes place_: dat sg. in þäm gûðsele (in Heorot), 443.

gûð-searo, st. n. pl., _battle-equipment, armor_; acc., 215, 328.

gûð-sweord, st. n., _battle-sword_: acc. sg., 2155.

gûð-wêrig, adj., _wearied by battle dead_: acc. sg. gûð-wêrigne Grendel, 1587.

gûð-wine, st. m., _battle-friend, comrade in battle_ designation of the sword: acc. sg., 1811; instr. pl. þe mec gûð-winum grêtan dorste, _who dared to attack me with his war-friends_, 2736.

gûð-wîga, w. m., _fighter of battles, warrior_: nom. sg., 2112.

gyd. See gid.

gyfan. See gifan.

gyldan. See gildan.

gylden, adj., _golden_: nom. sg. gylden hilt, 1678; acc. sg. segen gyldenne, 47, 1022; bring gyldenne, 2810; dat. sg. under gyldnum beáge, 1164.--Comp. eal-gylden.

gylp. See gilp.

gyrdan, w. v., _to gird, to lace_: pret. part. gyrded cempa, _the (sword-) girt warrior_, 2079.

gyrn, st. n., _sorrow, harm_: nom. sg., 1776.

gyrn-wracu, st. f., _revenge for harm_: dat. sg. tô gyrn-wräce, 1139; gen. sg. þâ wäs eft hraðe gearo gyrn-wräce Grendeles môdor, _then was Grendel's mother in turn immediately ready for revenge for the injury_, 2119.

gyrwan. See gerwan.

gystran. See gistran.

gýman, w. v. w. gen., _to take care of, to be careful about_: pres. III. gýmeð, 1758, 2452; imp. sg. oferhyda ne gým! _do not study arrogance_ (despise it), 1761.

for-gýman, w. acc., _to neglect, to slight_: pres. sg. III. he þâ forð-gesceaft forgyteð and forgýmeð, 1752.

gýtsian. See gîtsian.

gyt. See git.

H

habban, w. v., _to have_: 1) w. acc.: pres. sg. I. þäs ic wên häbbe (_as I hope_), 383; þe ic geweald häbbe, 951; ic me on hafu bord and byrnan, _have on me shield and coat of mail_, 2525; hafo, 3001; sg. II. þu nu [friðu] hafast, 1175; pl. I. habbað we ... micel ærende, 270; pres. subj. sg. III. þät he þrittiges manna mägencräft on his mundgripe häbbe, 381. Blended with the negative: pl. III. þät be Sæ-Geátas sêlran näbben tô geceósenne cyning ænigne, _that the Sea-Geátas will have no better king than you to choose_, 1851; imp. hafa nu and geheald hûsa sêlest, 659; inf. habban, 446, 462, 3018; pret. sg. häfde, 79, 518, 554; pl. häfdon, 539.--2) used as an auxiliary with the pret. part.: pres. sg. I. häbbe ic ... ongunnen, 408; häbbe ic ... geâhsod, 433; II. hafast, 954, 1856; III. hafað, 474, 596; pret. sg. häfde, 106, 220, 666, 2322, 2334, 2953, etc.; pl. häfdon, 117, 695, 884, 2382, etc. Pret. part. inflected: nu scealc hafað dæd gefremede, 940; häfde se gôda ... cempan gecorone, 205. With the pres. part. are formed the compounds: bord-, rond-häbbend.

for-habban, _to hold back, to keep one's self_: inf. ne meahte wäfre môd forhabban in hreðre, _the expiring life could not hold itself back in the breast_, 1152; ne mihte þâ for-habban, _could not restrain himself_, 2610.

wið-habban, _to resist, to offer resistance_: pret. þät se wînsele wið-häfde heaðo-deórum, _that the hall resisted them furious in fight_, 773.

hafela, heafola, w. m., _head_: acc. sg. hafelan, 1373, 1422, 1615, 1636, 1781; nâ þu mînne þearft hafalan hýdan, 446; þonne we on orlege hafelan weredon, _protected our heads, defended ourselves_, 1328; se hwîta helm hafelan werede, 1449; dat. sg. hafelan, 673, 1522; heafolan, 2680; gen. sg. heafolan, 2698; nom. pl. hafelan, 1121.--Comp. wîg-heafola.

hafenian, w. v., _to raise, to uplift_: pret. sg. wæpen hafenade heard be hiltum, _raised the weapon, the strong man, by the hilt_, 1574.

hafoc, st. m., _hawk_: nom. sg., 2264.

haga, w. m., _enclosed piece of ground, hedge, farm-enclosure_: dat. sg. tô hagan, 2893, 2961.

haga, w. m. See ân-haga.

hama, homa, w. m., _dress_: in the comp. flæsc-, fyrd-, lîc-hama, scîr-ham (adj.).

hamer, st. m., _hammer_: instr. sg. hamere, 1286; gen. pl. homera lâfe (swords), 2830.

hand, hond, st. f., _hand_: nom. sg. 2138; sió swîðre ... hand, _the right hand_, 2100; hond, 1521, 2489, 2510; acc. sg. hand, 558, 984; hond, 657, 687, 835, 928, etc.; dat. sg. on handa, 495, 540; mid handa, 747, 2721; be honda, 815; dat. pl. (as instr.) hondum, 1444, 2841.

hand-bana, w. m., _murderer with the hand_, or _in hand-to-hand combat_: dat. sg. tô hand-bonan (-banan), 460, 1331.

hand-gemôt, st. n., _hand-to-hand conflict, battle_: gen. pl. (ecg) þolode ær fela hand-gemôta, 1527; nô þät läsest wäs hond-gemôta, 2356.

hand-gesella, w. m., _hand-companion, man of the retinue_: dat. pl. hond-gesellum, 1482.

hand-gestealla, w. m., _(one whose position is near at hand), comrade, companion, attendant_: dat. sg. hond-gesteallan, 2170; nom. pl. hand-gesteallan, 2597.

hand-geweorc, st. n., _work done with the hands_, i.e. achievement in battle: dat. sg. for þäs hild-fruman hondgeweorce, 2836.

hand-gewriðen, pret. part. _hand-wreathed, bound with the hand._ acc. pl. wälbende ... hand-gewriðene, 1938.

hand-locen, pret. part., _joined, united by hand_: nom. sg. (gûð-byrne, lîc-syrce) hondlocen (because the shirts of mail consisted of interlaced rings), 322, 551.

hand-ræs, st. m., _hand-battle_, i.e. combat with the hands: nom. sg. hond-ræs, 2073.

hand-scalu, st. f., _hand-attendance, retinue_: dat. sg. mid his hand-scale (hond-scole), 1318, 1964.

hand-sporu, st. f., _finger_ (on Grendel's hand), under the figure of a spear: nom. pl. hand-sporu, 987.

hand-wundor, st. n., _wonder done by the hand, wonderful handwork_: gen. pl. hond-wundra mæst, 2769.

hangan. See hôn.

hangian, w. v., _to hang_: pres. sg. III. þonne his sunu hangað hrefne to hrôðre, _when his son hangs, a joy to the ravens_, 2448; pl. III. ofer þäm (mere) hongiað hrîmge bearwas, _over which frosty forests hang_, 1364; inf. hangian, 1663; pret. hangode, _hung down_, 2086.

hatian, w. v. w. acc., _to hate, to be an enemy to, to hurt_: inf. he þone heaðo-rinc hatian ne meahte lâðum dædum (_could not do him any harm_), 2467; pret. sg. hû se gûð-sceaða Geáta leóde hatode and hýnde, 2320.

hâd, st. m., _form, condition, position, manner_: acc. sg. þurh hæstne hâd, _in a powerful manner_, 1336; on gesîðes hâd, _in the position of follower, as follower_, 1298; on sweordes hâd, _in the form of a sword_, 2194. See under on.

hâdor, st. m., _clearness, brightness_: acc. sg. under heofenes hâdor, 414.

hâdor, adj., _clear, fresh, loud_: nom. sg. scop hwîlum sang hâdor on Heorote, 497.

hâdre, adv., _clearly, brightly_, 1572.

hâl, adj., _hale, whole, sound, unhurt_: nom. sg. hâl, 300. With gen. heaðo-lâces hâl, _safe from battle_, 1975. As form of salutation, wes ... hâl, 407; dat. sg. hâlan lîce, 1504.

hâlig, adj., _holy_: nom. sg. hâlig god, 381, 1554; hâlig dryhten, 687.

hâm, st. m., _home, residence, estate, land_: acc. sg. hâm, 1408; Hrôðgâres hâm, 718. Usually in adverbial sense: gewât him hâm, _betook himself home_, 1602; tô hâm, 124, 374, 2993; fram hâm, _at home_, 194; ät hâm, _at home_, 1249, 1924, 1157; gen. sg. hâmes, 2367; acc. pl. hâmas, 1128.--Comp. Finnes-hâm, 1157.

hâm-weorðung, st. f., _honor_ or _ornament of home_: acc. sg. hâm-weorðunge (designation of the daughter of Hygelâc, given in marriage to Eofor), 2999.

hâr, adj., _gray_: nom. sg. hâr hilde-rinc, 1308, 3137; acc. sg. under (ofer) hârne stân, 888, 1416, 2554; hâre byrnan (i.e. iron shirt of mail), 2154; dat. sg. hârum hildfruman, 1679; f. on heáre hæðe (on heaw ... h ... ðe, MS.), 2213; gen. sg. hâres, _of the old man_, 2989.--Comp. un-hâr.

hât, adj., _hot, glowing, flaming_ nom sg., 1617, 2297, 2548, 2559, etc.; wyrm hât gemealt, _the drake hot_ (of his own heat) _melted_, 898; acc. sg., 2282(?); inst. sg. hâtan heolfre, 850, 1424; g. sg. heaðu-fýres hâtes, 2523; acc. pl. hâte heaðo-wylmas, 2820.--Sup.: hâtost heaðo-swâta, 1669.

hât, st. n., _heat, fire_: acc. sg. geseah his mondryhten ... hât þrowian, _saw his lord endure the_ (drake's) _heat_, 2606.

hata, w. m., _persecutor_; in comp. dæd-hata.

hâtan, st. v.: 1) _to bid, to order, to direct_, with acc. and inf., and acc. of the person: pres. sg. I. ic maguþegnas mîne hâte ... flotan eówerne ârum healdan, _I bid my thanes take good care of your craft_, 293; imp. sg. II. hât in gân ... sibbegedriht, 386; pl. II. hâtað heaðo-mære hlæw gewyrcean, 2803; inf. þät healreced hâtan wolde ... men gewyrcean, _that he wished to command men to build a hall-edifice_, 68. Pret. sg. hêht: hêht ... eahta mearas ... on flet teón, _gave command to bring eight horses into the hall_, 1036; þonne ænne hêht golde forgyldan, _commanded to make good that one with gold_, 1054; hêht þâ þät heaðo-weorc tô hagan biódan, _ordered the combat to be announced at the hedge_(?), 2893; swâ se snottra hêht, _as the wise_ (Hrôðgâr) _directed_, 1787; so, 1808, 1809. hêt: hêt him ýðlidan gôdne gegyrwan, _ordered a good vessel to be prepared for him_, 198; so, hêt, 391, 1115, 3111. As the form of a wish: hêt hine wel brûcan, 1064; so, 2813; pret. part. þâ wäs hâten hraðe Heort innan-weard folmum gefrätwod, _forthwith was ordered Heorot, adorned by hand on the inside_ (i.e. that the edifice should be adorned by hand on the inside), 992.--2) _to name, to call_: pres. subj. III. pl. þät hit sælîðend ... hâtan Biówulfes biorh, _that mariners may call it Beówulf's grave-mound_, 2807; pret. part. wäs se grimma gäst Grendel hâten, 102; so, 263, 373, 2603.

ge-hâtan, _to promise, to give one's word, to vow, to threaten_: pres. sg. I. ic hit þe gehâte, 1393; so, 1672; pret. sg. he me mêde gehêt, _promised me reward_, 2135; him fägre gehêt leána (gen. pl.), _promised them proper reward_, 2990; weán oft gehêt earmre teohhe, _with woe often threatened the unhappy band_, 2938; pret. pl. gehêton ät härgtrafum wig-weorðunga, _vowed offerings at the shrines of the gods_, 175; þonne we gehêton ûssum hlâforde þät ..., _when we promised our lord that_..., 2635; pret. part. sió gehâten [wäs] ... gladum suna Frôdan, _betrothed to the glad son of Froda_, 2025.

hâtor, st. m. n., _heat_: in comp. and-hâtor.

häft, adj., _held, bound, fettered_: nom. sg., 2409; acc. sg. helle häftan, _him fettered by hell_ (Grendel), 789.

häft-mêce, st. m., _sword with fetters_ or _chains_ (cf. fetel-hilt): dat. sg. þäm häft-mêce, 1458. See Note.

häg-steald, st. m., _man, liegeman, youth_: gen. pl. häg-stealdra, 1890.

häle, st. m., _man_: nom. sg., 1647, 1817, 3112; acc. sg. häle, 720; dat. pl. hælum (hænum, MS.), 1984.

häleð, st. m., _hero, fighter, warrior, man_: nom. sg., 190, 331, 1070; nom. pl. häleð, 52, 2248, 2459, 3143; dat. pl. häleðum 1710, 1962, etc.; gen. pl. häleða, 467, 497, 612, 663, etc.

härg. See hearg.

hæð, st. f., _heath_: dat. sg. hæðe, 2213.

hæðen, adj., _heathenish_; acc. sg. hæðene sâwle, 853; dat. sg. hæðnum horde, 2217; gen. sg. hæðenes, _of the heathen_ (Grendel), 987; gen. pl. hæðenra, 179.

hæð-stapa, w. m., _that which goes about on the heath_ (stag): nom. sg., 1369

hæl, st. f.: 1) _health, welfare, luck_: acc. sg. him hæl âbeád, 654; mid hæle, 1218.--2) _favorable sign, favorable omen_: hæl sceáwedon, _observed favorable signs_ (for Beówulf's undertaking), 204.

hælo, st. f., _health, welfare, luck_: acc. sg. hælo âbeád heorð-geneátum, 2419.--Comp. un-hælo.

hæst (O.H.G. haisterâ hantî, manu violenta; heist, ira; heistigo, iracunde), adj., _violent, vehement_: acc. sg. þurh hæstne hâd, 1336.

he, fem. heó, neut. hit, pers. pron., _he, she, it_; in the oblique cases also reflexive, _himself, herself, itself_: acc. sg. hine, hî, hit; dat. sg. him, hire, him; gen. sg. his, hire, his; plur. acc. nom. hî, hig, hie; dat. him; gen. hira, heora, hiera, hiora.--he omitted before the verb, 68, 300, 2309, 2345.

hebban, st. v., _to raise, to lift_, w. acc.: inf. siððan ic hond and rond hebban mihte, 657; pret. part. hafen, 1291; häfen, 3024.

â-hebban, _raise, to lift from, to take away_: wäs ... icge gold âhafen of horde, _taken up from the hoard_, 1109; þâ wäs ... wôp up âhafen, _a cry of distress raised_, 128

ge-hegan [ge-hêgan], w. v., _to enclose, to fence_: þing gehegan, _to mark off the court, hold court_. Here figurative: inf. sceal ... âna gehegan þing wið þyrse (_shall alone decide the matter with Grendel_), 425.

hel, st. f., _hell_: nom. sg., 853; acc. sg. helle, 179; dat. sg. helle, 101, 589; (as instr.), 789; gen. sg. helle, 1275.

hel-bend, st. m. f. _bond of hell_: instr. pl. hell-bendum fäst, 3073.

hel-rûna, w. m., _sorcerer_: nom. pl. helrûnan, 163.

be-helan, st. v., _to conceal, to hide_: pret. part. be-holen, 414.

helm, st. m.: 1) _protection in general, defence, covering that protects_: acc. sg. on helm, 1393; under helm, 1746.--2) _helmet_: nom. sg., 1630; acc. sg. helm, 673, 1023, 1527, 2988; (helo, MS.), 2724; brûn-fâgne, gold-fâhne helm, 2616, 2812; dat. sg. under helme, 342, 404; gen. sg. helmes, 1031; acc. pl. helmas, 240, 2639.--3) _defence, protector_, designation of the king: nom. sg. helm Scyldinga (Hrôðgâr), 371, 456, 1322; acc. sg. heofena helm _(the defender of the heavens_ = God), 182; helm Scylfinga, 2382.--Comp.: grîm-, gûð-, heaðo-, niht-helm.

ofer-helmian, w. v. w. acc., _to cover over, to overhang_: pres. sg. III. ofer-helmað, 1365.

helm-berend, pres. part., _helm-wearing_ (warrior): acc. pl. helmberend, 2518, 2643.

helpan, st. v., _to help_: inf. þät him holt-wudu helpan ne meahte, lind wið lîge, _that a wooden shield could not help him, a linden shield against flame_, 2341; þät him îrenna ecge mihton helpan ät hilde, 2685; wutun gangan to, helpan hildfruman, _let us go thitherto help the battle-chief_, 2650; w. gen. ongan ... mæges helpan, _began to help my kinsman_, 2880; so, pret. sg. þær he his mæges (MS. mägenes) healp, 2699.

help, m. and f., _help, support, maintenance_: acc. sg. helpe, 551, 1553; dat. sg. tô helpe, 1831; acc. sg. helpe, 2449.

hende, _-handed_: in comp. îdel-hende.

her, adv., _here_, 397, 1062, 1229, 1655, 1821, 2054, 2797, etc.; _hither_, 244, 361, 376.

here (Goth, harji-s), st. m., _army, troops_: dat. sg. on herge, _in the army, on a warlike expedition, 1249; in the army, among the fighting men_, 2639; as instr. herge, 2348.--Comp.: flot-, scip-, sin-here.

here-brôga, w. m., _terror of the army, fear of war_: dat. sg. for here-brôgan, 462.

here-byrne, w. f., _battle-mail, coat of mail_: nom. sg., 1444.

here-grîma, w. m., _battle-mask_, i.e. helmet (with visor): dat. sg. -grîman, 396, 2050, 2606.

here-net, st. n., _battle-net_, i.e. coat of mail (of interlaced rings): nom. sg., 1554.

here-nîð, st. m., _battle-enmity, battle of armies_: nom. sg., 2475.

here-pâd, st. f., _army-dress_, i.e. coat of mail, armor: nom. sg., 2259.