Part 31

ge-teón: 1) _to draw_: pret. sg. gomel swyrd ge-teáh, 2611; w. instr. and acc. hyre seaxe ge-teáh, brad brûn-ecg, 1546.--2) _to grant, give, lend_: imp. nô þu him wearne geteóh þînra gegn-cwida glädnian (_refuse not to gladden them with thy answer_), 366; pret. sg. and þâ Beówulfe bega gehwäðres eodor Ingwina onweald ge-teáh (_and the prince of the Ingwins gave B. power over both_), 1045; so, he him êst geteáh (_gave possession of_), 2166.

of-teón, _to deprive, withdraw_, w. gen. of thing and dat. pers.: pret. sg. Scyld Scêfing ... monegum mægðum meodo-setla of-teáh, 5; w. acc. of thing, hond ... feorh-sweng ne of-teáh, 2490; w. dat. hond (hord, MS.) swenge ne of-teáh, 1521.

þurh-teón, _to effect_: inf. gif he torn-gemôt þurh-teón mihte, 1141.

teón (cf. teóh, _materia_, O.H.G. ziuc), w. v. w. acc., _to make, work_: pret. sg. teóde, 1453;--_to furnish out, deck_: pret. pl. nalas hi hine lässan lâcum teódan (_provided him with no less gifts_), 43.

ge-teón, _to provide, do, bring on_: pres. sg. unc sceal weorðan ... swâ unc Wyrd ge-teóð, 2527; pret. sg. þe him ... sâre ge-teóde (_who had done him this harm_), 2296.

ge-teóna, w. m., _injurer, harmer_: in comp. lâð-ge-teóna.

til, adj., _good, apt, fit_: nom. sg. m. Hâlga til, 61; þegn ungemete till (of Wîglâf), 2722; fem. wäs seó þeód tilu, 1251; neut. ne wäs þät ge-wrixle til, 1305.

tilian, w. v. w. gen., _to gain, win_: inf. gif ic ... ôwihte mäg þînre môd-lufan mâran tilian (_if I ... gain_), 1824.

timbrian, w. v., _to build_: pret. part. acc. sg. säl timbred (_the well-built hall_), 307.

be-timbrian, (construere), _to finish building, complete_: pret. pl. betimbredon on tyn dagum beadu-rôfes bêcn, 3161.

tîd, st. f., _-tide, time_: acc. sg. twelf wintra tîd, 147; lange tîd, 1916; in þâ tîde, 2228.--Comp.: ân-, morgen-tîd.

ge-tîðian (from tigðian), w. v., _to grant_: pret. part. impers. wäs ... bêne (gen.) ge-tîðad feásceaftum men, 2285.

tîr, st. m., _glory, repute in war_. gen. sg. tîres, 1655.

tîr-eádig, adj., _glorious, famous_: dat. sg. tîr-eádigum menn (of Beówulf), 2190.

tîr-fäst, adj., _famous, rich in glory_. nom. sg. (of Hrôðgâr), 923.

tîr-leás, adj., _without glory, infamous_: gen. sg. (of Grendel), 844.

toga, w. m., _leader_: in comp. folc-toga.

torht, adj., _bright, brilliant_: acc. sg. neut. hof ... torht, 313.--Comp.: wuldor-torht, heaðo-torht (_loud in battle_).

torn, st. n.: 1) _wrath, insult, distress_: acc. sg. torn, 147, 834; gen. pl. torna, 2190.--2) _anger_: instr. sg. torne ge-bolgen, 2402.--Comp. lîge-torn.

torn, adj., _bitter, cruel_: nom. sg, hreówa tornost, 2130.

torn-ge-môt, st. n., (_wrathful meeting_), _angry engagement, battle_: acc. sg., 1141.

tô, I. prep. w. dat. indicating direction or tending to, hence: 1) local = whither after verbs of motion, _to, up to, at_: com tô recede (_to the hall_), 721; eode tô sele, 920; eode tô hire freán sittan, 642; gæð eft ... tô medo (_goeth again to mead_), 605; wand tô wolcnum (_wound to the welkin_), 1120; sigon tô slæpe (_sank to sleep_), 1252; 28, 158, 234, 438, 553, 926, 1010, 1014, 1155, 1159, 1233, etc.; lîð-wæge bär hælum tô handa (_bore the ale-cup to the hands of the men? at hand?_), 1984; ôð þät niht becom ôðer tô yldum, 2118; him tô bearme cwom mâððum-fät mære (_came to his hands, into his possession_), 2405; sælde tô sande sîd-fäðme scip (_fastened the broad-bosomed ship to the shore_), 1918; þat se harm-scaða tô Heorute â-teáh (_went forth to Heorot_), 767. After verb sittan: site nu tô symble (_sit now to the meal_), 489; siððan ... we tô symble geseten häfdon, 2105; tô ham (_home, at home_), 124, 374, 2993. With verbs of speaking: maðelode tô his wine-drihtne (_spake to his friendly lord_), 360; tô Geátum sprec, 1172; so, hêht þät heaðo-weorc tô hagan biódan (_bade the battle-work be told at the hedge_), 2893.--2) with verbs of bringing and taking (cf. under on, I., d): hraðe wäs tô bûre Beówulf fetod (_B. was hastily brought from a room_), 1311; siððan Hâma ät-wäg tô þære byrhtan byrig Brôsinga mene (_since H. carried the Brosing-necklace off from the bright city_), 1200; weán âhsode. fæhðo to Frysum (_suffered woe, feud as to, from, the Frisians_), 1208.--3) =end of motion, hence: a) _to, for, as, in_: þone god sende folce tô frôfre (_for, as, a help to the folk_), 14; gesette ... sunnan and mônan leóman to leóhte (_as a light_), 95; ge-sät ... tô rune (_sat in counsel_), 172; wearð he Heaðo-lâfe tô hand-bonan, 460; bringe ... tô helpe (_bring to, for, help_), 1831; Jofore forgeaf ângan dôhtor ... hyldo tô wedde (_as a pledge of his favor_), 2999; so, 508(?), 666, 907, 972, 1022, 1187, 1263, 1331, 1708, 1712, 2080, etc.; secgan tô sôðe (_to say in sooth_), 51; so, 591, 2326. b) with verbs of thinking, hoping, etc., _on, for, at, against_: he tô gyrn-wräce swîðor þôhte þonne tô sæ-lâde (_thought more on vengeance than on the sea-voyage_), 1139; säcce ne wêneð tô Gâr-Denum (_nor weeneth of conflict with the Spear-Danes_), 602; þonne wêne ic tô þe wyrsan geþinges (_then I expect for thee a worse result_), 525; ne ic to Sweóþeóde sibbe oððe treówe wihte ne wêne (_nor expect at all of, from, the Swedes_ ...), 2923; wiste þäm ahlæcan tô þäm heáh-sele hilde ge-þinged (_battle prepared for the monster in the high hall_), 648; wel bið þäm þe mot tô fäder fäðmum freoðo wilnian (_well for him that can find peace in the Father's arms_), 188; þâra þe he ge-worhte tô West-Denum (_of those that he wrought against the West-Danes_), 1579.--4) with the gerund, inf.: tô gefremmanne (_to do_), 174; tô ge-cýðanne (_to make known_), 257; tô secganne (_to say_), 473; to befleónne (_to avoid, escape_), 1004; so, 1420, 1725, 1732, 1806, 1852, 1923, 1942, etc. With inf.: tô fêran, 316; tô friclan, 2557.--5) temporal: gewât him tô gescäp-hwîle (_went at(?) the hour of fate_; or, _to his fated rest?_), 26; tô wîdan feore (_ever, in their lives_), 934; âwa tô aldre (_for life, forever_), 956; so, tô aldre, 2006, 2499; tô life (_during life, ever_), 2433.--6) with particles: wôd under wolcnum tô þäs þe ... (_went under the welkin to the point where_ ...), 715; so, elne ge-eodon tô þäs þe, 1968; so, 2411; he him þäs leán for-geald ... tô þäs þe he on reste geseah Grendel licgan (_he paid him for that to the point that he saw G. lying dead_), 1586; wäs þät blôd tô þäs hât (_the blood was hot to that degree_), 1617; näs þâ long tô þon þät (_'twas not long till_), 2592, 2846; wäs him se man tô þon leóf þät (_the man was dear to him to that degree_), 1877; tô hwan siððan wearð hond-ræs häleða (_up to what point, how, the hand-contest turned out_), 2072; tô middes (_in the midst_), 3142.

II. Adverbial modifier, _quasi_ preposition [better explained in many cases as prep. postponed]: l) _to, towards, up to, at_: geóng sôna tô, 1786; so, 2649; fêhð ôðer tô, 1756; sæ-lâc ... þe þu her tô lôcast (_upon which thou here lookest_), 1655; folc tô sægon (_the folk looked on_), 1423; þät hî him tô mihton gegnum gangan (_might proceed thereto_), 313; se þe him bealwa tô bôte gelýfde (_who believed in help out of evils from him_, i.e. Beówulf), 910; him tô anwaldan âre ge-lyfde (_trusted for himself to the Almighty's help_), 1273; þe ûs sêceað tô Sweóna leóde (_that the Swedes will come against us_), 3002.--2) before adj. and adv., _too_: tô strang (_too mighty_), 133; tô fäst, 137; tô swýð, 191; so, 789, 970, 1337, 1743, 1749, etc.; tô fela micles (_far too much_), 695; he tô forð ge-stôp (_he had gone too far_), 2290.

tôð (G. tunþu-s), st. m., _tooth_: in comp. blôdig-tôð (adj.).

tredan, st. v. w. acc., _to tread_: inf. sæ-wong tredan, 1965; el-land tredan, 3020; pret. sg. wräc-lâstas träd, 1353; medo-wongas träd, 1644; gräs-moldan träd, 1882.

treddian, tryddian (see trod), w. v., _to stride, tread, go_: pret. sg. treddode, 726; tryddode getrume micle (_strode about with a strong troop_), 923.

trem, st. n., _piece, part_: acc. sg. ne ... fôtes trem (_not a foot's breadth_), 2526.

treów, st. f., _fidelity, good faith_: acc. sg. treówe, 1073; sibbe oððe treówe, 2923.

treów, st. n., _tree_: in comp. galg-treów.

treówian. See trûwian.

treów-loga, w. m., _troth-breaker, pledge-breaker_: nom. pl. treów-logan, 2848.

trodu, st. f., _track, step_: acc. sg. or pl. trode, 844.

ge-trum, st. n., _troop, band_: instr. sg. ge-trume micle, 923.

trum, adj., _strong, endowed with_: nom. sg. heorot hornum trum, 1370.

ge-trûwan, w. v. w. acc., _to confirm, pledge solemnly_: pret. sg. þâ hie getrûwedon on twâ healfe fäste frioðu-wære, 1096.

trûwian, treówan, w. v., _to trust in, rely on, believe in_: 1) w. dat.: pret. sg. sîðe ne trûwode leófes mannes (_I trusted not in the dear man's enterprise_), 1994; bearne ne trûwode þät he ... (_she trusted not the child that_ ...), 2371; gehwylc hiora his ferhðe treówde þät he ... (_each trusted his heart that_ ...), 1167.--2) w. gen.: pret. sg. Geáta leód georne trûwode môdgan mägnes, 670; wiðres ne trûwode, 2954.

ge-trûwian, _to rely on, trust in_, w. dat.: pret. sg. strenge ge-trûwode, mund-gripe mägenes, 1534;--w. gen. pret. sg. beorges ge-trûwode, wîges and wealles, 2323; strenge ge-trûwode ânes mannes, 2541.

tryddian. See treddian.

trýwe, adj., _true, faithful_: nom. sg. þâ gyt wäs ... æghwylc ôðrum trýwe, 1166.

ge-trýwe, adj., _faithful_: nom. sg. her is æghwylc eorl ôðrum ge-trýwe, 1229.

turf, st. f., _sod, soil, seat_: in comp. êðel-turf.

tux, st. m., _tooth, tusk_: in comp. hilde-tux.

ge-twæfan, w. v. w. acc. of person and gen. thing, _to separate, divide, deprive of, hinder_: pres. sg. III. þät þec âdl oððe ecg eafoðes ge-twæfeð (_robs of strength_), 1764; inf. god eáðe mäg þone dol-scaðan dæda ge-twæfan (_God may easily restrain the fierce foe from his deeds_), 479; pret. sg. sumne Geáta leód ... feores getwæfde (_cut him off from life_), 1434; nô þær wæg-flotan wind ofer ýðum sîðes ge-twæfde (_the wind hindered not the wave-floater in her course over the water_), 1909; pret. part. ät rihte wäs gûð ge-twæfed (_almost had the struggle been ended_), 1659.

ge-twæman, w. v. acc. pers. and gen. thing, _to hinder, render incapable of, restrain_: inf. ic hine ne mihte ... ganges getwæman, 969.

twegen, m. f. n. twâ, num., _twain, two_: nom. m. twegen, 1164; acc. m. twegen, 1348; dat. twæm, 1192 gen. twega, 2533; acc. f. twâ, 1096, 1195.

twelf, num., _twelve_, gen. twelfa, 3172.

tweone (Frisian twine), num. = _bini, two_: dat. pl. be sæm tweonum, 859, 1298; 1686.

twidig, adj., in comp. lang-twidig (_long-assured_), 1709.

tyder, st. m., _race, descendant_: in comp. un-tyder, 111.

tydre (Frisian teddre), adj., _weak, unwarlike, cowardly_: nom. pl. tydre, 2848.

tyn, num., _ten_: uninflect. dat. on tyn dagum, 3161; inflect. nom. tyne, 2848.

tyrwian, w. v., _to tar_: pret. part. tyrwed in comp.: niw-tyrwed.

on-tyhtan, w. v., _to urge on, incite, entice_: pret. sg. on-tyhte, 3087.

Þ

þafian, w. v. w. acc., _to submit to, endure_: inf. þät se þeód-cyning þafian sceolde Eofores ânne dôm, 2964.

þanc, st. m.: 1) _thought_: in comp. fore-, hete-, or-, searo-þanc; inwit-þanc (adj.).--2) _thanks_ (w. gen. of thing): nom. sg., 929, 1779; acc. sg. þanc, 1998, 2795.--3) _content, favor, pleasure_: dat. sg. þâ þe gif-sceattas Geáta fyredon þyder tô þance (_those that tribute for the Geâtas carried thither for favor_). 379.

ge-þanc, st. m., _thought_: instr. pl. þeóstrum ge-þoncum, 2333.--Comp. môd-ge-þanc.

þanc-hycgende, pres. part., _thoughtful_, 2236.

þancian, w. v., _to thank_: pret. sg. gode þancode ... þäs þe hire se willa ge-lamp (_thanked God that her wish was granted_), 626; so, 1398; pl. þancedon, 627(?).

þanon, þonon, þonan, adv., _thence_: 1) local: þanon eft gewât (_he went thence back_), 123; þanon up ... stigon (_went up thence_), 224; so, þanon, 463, 692, 764, 845, 854, 1293; þanan, 1881; þonon, 520, 1374, 2409; þonan, 820, 2360, 2957.--2) personal: þanon untydras ealle on-wôcon (_from him_, i.e. Cain, etc.), 111; so, þanan, 1266; þonon, 1961; unsôfte þonon feorh ôð-ferede (i.e. from Grendel's mother), 2141.

þâ, adv.: l) _there, then_, 3, 26, 28, 34, 47, 53, etc. With þær: þâ þær, 331. With nu: nu þâ (_now then_), 658.--2) conjunction, _when, as, since_, w. indic., 461, 539, 633, etc.;--_because, whilst, during, since_, 402, 465, 724, 2551, etc.

þät, I. demons, pron. acc. neut. of se: demons, nom. þät (_that_), 735, 766, etc.; instr. sg. þý, 1798, 2029; þät ic þý wæpne ge-bräd (_that I brandished as(?) a weapon; that I brandished the weapon?_), 1665; þý weorðra (_the more honored_), 1903; þý sêft (_the more easily_), 2750; þý läs hym ýðe þrym wudu wynsuman for-wrecan meahte (_lest the force of the waves the winsome boat might carry away_), 1919; nô þý ær (_not sooner_), 755, 1503, 2082, 2374, 2467; nô þý leng (_no longer, none the longer_), 975. þý =adv., _therefore, hence_, 1274, 2068; þê ... þê = _on this account; for this reason ... that, because_, 2639-2642; wiste þê geornor (_knew but too well_), 822; he ... wäs sundes þê sænra þe hine swylt fornam (_he was the slower in swimming as [whom?] death carried him off_), 1437; näs him wihte þê sêl (_it was none the better for him_), 2688; so, 2278. Gen. sg. þäs = adv., _for this reason, therefore_, 7, 16, 114, 350, 589, 901, 1993, 2027, 2033, etc. þäs þe, especially after verbs of thanking, = _because_, 108, 228, 627, 1780, 2798;--also = secundum quod: þäs þe hie gewislîcost ge-witan meahton, 1351;--_therefore, accordingly_, 1342, 3001; tô þäs (_to that point; to that degree_), 715, 1586, 1617, 1968, 2411; þäs georne (_so firmly_), 969; ac he þäs fäste wäs ... besmiðod (_it was too firmly set_), 774; nô þäs frôd leofað gumena bearna þät þone grund wite (_none liveth among men so wise that he should know its bottom_), 1368; he þäs (þäm, MS.) môdig wäs (_had the courage for it_), 1509.

II. conj. (relative), _that, so that_, 15, 62, 84, 221, 347, 358, 392, 571, etc.; ôð þät (_up to that, until_); see ôð.

þätte (from þät þe, see þe), _that_, 151, 859, 1257, 2925, etc.; þät þe (_that_), 1847.

þær: 1) demons. adv., _there (where)_, 32, 36, 89, 400, 757, etc.; morðor-bealo mâga, þær heó ær mæste heóld worolde wynne (_the death-bale of kinsmen where before she had most worldly joy_), 1080. With þâ: þâ þær, 331; þær on innan (_therein_), 71. Almost like Eng. expletive _there_, 271, 550, 978, etc.;--_then, at that time_, 440;--_thither_: þær swîð-ferhðe sittan eodon (_thither went the bold ones to sit_, i.e. to the bench), 493, etc.--2) relative, _where_, 356, 420, 508, 513, 522, 694, 867, etc.; eode ... þær se snottra bâd (_went where the wise one tarried_), 1314; so, 1816;--_if_, 763, 798, 1836, 2731, etc.;--_whither_: gâ þær he wille, 1395.

þe, I. relative particle, indecl., partly standing alone, partly associated with se, seó, þät: Hunferð maðelode, þe ät fôtum sät (_H., who sat at his feet, spake_), 500; so, 138, etc.; wäs þät gewin tô swýð þe on þâ leóde be-com (_the misery that had come on the people was too great_), 192, etc.; ic wille ... þe þâ and-sware ädre ge-cýðan þe me se gôda â-gifan þenceð (_I will straightway tell thee the answer that the good one shall give_), 355; ôð þone ânne däg þe he ... (_till that very day that he_ ...), 2401; heó þâ fæhðe wräc þe þu ... Grendel cwealdest (_the fight in which thou slewest G._), 1335; mid þære sorge þe him sió sâr belamp (_with the sorrow wherewith the pain had visited him_), 2469; pl. þonne þâ dydon þe ... (_than they did that_ ...), 45; so, 378, 1136; þâ mâðmas þe he me sealde (_the treasures that he gave me_), 2491; so, ginfästan gife þe him god sealde (_the great gifts that God had given him_), 2183. After þâra þe (_of those that_), the depend. verb often takes sg. instead of pl. (Dietrich, Haupt XI., 444 seqq.): wundor-sióna fela secga ge-hwylcum þâra þe on swylc starað (_to each of those that look on such_), 997; so, 844, 1462, 2384, 2736. Strengthened by se, seó, þät: sägde se þe cûðe (_said he that knew_), 90; wäs se grimma gäst Grendel hâten, se þe môras heóld (_the grim stranger hight Grendel, he that held the moors_), 103; here-byrne ... seó þe bân-cofan beorgan cûðe (_the corselet that could protect the body_), 1446, etc.; þær ge-lýfan sceal dryhtnes dôme se þe hine deáð nimeð (_he shall believe in God's judgment whom death carrieth off_), 441; so, 1437, 1292 (cf. Heliand I., 1308).

þäs þe. See þät.

þeáh þe. See þeáh.

for þam þe. See for-þam.

þý, þê, _the, by that_, instr. of se: âhte ic holdra þý läs ... þe deáð for-nam (_I had the less friends whom death snatched away_), 488; so, 1437.

þeccan, w. v., _to cover_ (thatch), _cover over_: inf. þâ sceal brond fretan, äled þeccean (_fire shall eat, flame shall cover, the treasures_), 3016; pret. pl. þær git eágor-streám earmum þehton (_in swimming_), 513.

þegn, st. m., _thane, liegeman, king's higher vassal; knight_: nom. sg., 235, 494, 868, 2060, 2710; (Beówulf), 194; (Wîglâf), 2722; acc. sg. þegen (Beówulf, MS. þegn), 1872; dat. sg. þegne, 1342, 1420; (Hengest), 1086; (Wîglâf), 2811; gen. sg. þegnes, 1798; nom. pl. þegnas, 1231; acc. pl. þegnas, 1082, 3122; dat. pl. þegnum, 2870; gen. pl. þegna, 123, 400, 1628, 1674, 1830, 2034, etc.--Comp.: ambiht-, ealdor-, heal-, magu-, sele-þegn.

þegnian, þênian, w. v., _to serve, do liege service_: pret. sg. ic him þênode deóran sweorde (_I served them with my good sword_, i.e. slew them with it), 560.

þegn-sorh, st. f., _thane-sorrow, grief for a liegeman_: acc. sg. þegn-sorge, 131.

þegu, st. f., _taking_: in comp.: beáh-, beór-, sinc-þegu.

þel, st. n., _deal-board, board for benches_: in comp. benc-þel, 486, 1240.

þencan, w. v.: 1) _to think_: absolutely: pres. sg. III. se þe wel þenceð, 289; so, 2602. With depend. clause: pres. sg. nænig heora þôhte þät he ... (_none of them thought that he_), 692.--2) w. inf., _to intend_: pres. sg. III. þâ and-sware ... þe me se gôda â-gifan þenceð (_the answer that the good one intendeth to give me_), 355; (blôdig wäl) byrgean þenceð, 448; þonne he ... gegân þenceð longsumne lof (_if he will win eternal fame_), 1536; pret. sg. ne þät aglæca yldan þôhte (_the monster did not mean to delay that_), 740; pret. pl. wit unc wið hronfixas werian þôhton, 541; (hine) on healfa ge-hwone heáwan þôhton, 801.

â-þencan, _to intend, think out_: pret. sg. (he) þis ellen-weorc âna â-þôhte tô ge-fremmanne, 2644.

ge-þencan, w. acc.: 1) _to think of_: þät he his selfa ne mäg ... ende ge-þencean (_so that he himself may not think of, know, its limit_), 1735.--2) _to be mindful_: imper. sg. ge-þenc nu ... hwät wit geó spræcon, 1475.

þenden: 1) adv., _at this time, then, whilst_: nalles fâcen-stafas Þeód-Scyldingas þenden fremedon (_not at all at this time had the Scyldings done foul deeds_), 1020 (referring to 1165; cf. Wîdsîð, 45 seqq.); þenden reáfode rinc ôðerne (_whilst one warrior robbed another_, i.e. Eofor robbed Ongenþeów), 2986.--2) conj., _so long as, whilst_, 30, 57, 284, 1860, 2039, 2500, 3028;--_whilst_, 2419. With subj., _whilst, as long as_: þenden þu môte, 1178; þenden þu lifige, 1255; þenden hyt sý (_whilst the heat lasts_), 2650.

þengel, st. m., _prince, lord, ruler_: acc. sg. hringa þengel (Beówulf), 1508.

þes (m.), þeós (f.), þis (n.), demons. pron., _this_: nom. sg. 411, 432, 1703; f., 484; nom. acc. neut., 2156, 2252, 2644; þys, 1396; acc. sg. m. þisne, 75; f. þâs, 1682; dat. sg. neut. þissum, 1170; þyssum, 2640; f. þisse, 639; gen. m. þisses, 1217; f. þisse, 929; neut. þysses, 791, 807; nom. pl. and acc. þâs, 1623, 1653, 2636, 2641; dat. þyssum, 1063, 1220.

þê. See þät.

þêh. See þeáh.

þearf, st. f., _need_: nom. sg. þearf, 1251, 2494, 2638; þâ him wäs manna þearf (_as he was in need of men_), 201; acc. sg. þearfe, 1457, 2580, 2850; fremmað ge nu leóda þearfe (_do ye now what is needful for the folk_), 2802; dat. sg. ät þearfe, 1478, 1526, 2695, 2710; acc. pl. se for andrysnum ealle beweotede þegnes þearfe (_who would supply in courtesy all the thane's needs_), 1798 (cf. sele-þegn, 1795).--Comp.: firen-, nearo-, ofer-þearf.

þearf. See þurfan.

ge-þearfian, w. v., = _necessitatem imponere_: pret. part. þâ him swâ ge-þearfod wäs (_since so they found it necessary_), 1104.

þearle, adv., _very, exceedingly_, 560.

þeáh, þêh, conj., _though, even though_ or _if_: 1) with subj. þeáh, 203, 526, 588, 590, 1168, 1661, 2032, 2162. Strengthened by þe: þeáh þe, 683, 1369, 1832, 1928, 1942, 2345, 2620; þeáh ... eal (_although_), 681.--2) with indic.: þeáh, 1103; þêh, 1614.--3) doubtful: þeáh he ûðe wel, 2856; swâ þeáh (_nevertheless_), 2879; nô ... swâ þeáh (_not then however_), 973; näs þe forht swâ þêh (_he was not, though, afraid_), 2968; hwäðre swâ þeáh (_yet however_), 2443.

þeáw, st. m., _custom, usage_: nom. sg., 178, 1247; acc. sg. þeáw, 359; instr. pl. þeáwum (_in accordance with custom_), 2145.

þeód, st. f.: 1) _war-troop, retainers_: nom. sg., 644, 1231, 1251.--2) _nation, folk_: nom. sg., 1692; gen. pl. þeóda, 1706.--Comp.: sige-, wer-þeód.

þeód-cyning, st. m., (=folc-cyning), _warrior-king, king of the people_: nom. sg. (Hrôðgâr), 2145; (Ongenþeów), 2964, 2971; þiód-cyning (Beówulf), 2580; acc. sg. þeód-cyning (Beówulf), 3009; gen. sg. þeód-cyninges (Beówulf), 2695; gen. pl. þeód-cyninga, 2.

þeóden, st. m., _lord of a troop, war-chief, king; ruler_: nom. sg., 129, 365, 417, 1047, 1210, 1676, etc.; þióden, 2337, 2811; acc. sg. þeóden, 34, 201, 353, 1599, 2385, 2722, 2884, 3080; þióden, 2789; dat. sg. þeódne, 345, 1526, 1993, 2573, 2710, etc.; þeóden, 2033; gen. sg. þeódnes 798, 911, 1086, 1628, 1838, 2175; þiódnes, 2657; nom. pl. þeódnas, 3071.

þeóden-leás, adj., _without chief_ or _king_: nom. pl. þeóden-leáse, 1104.

þeód-gestreón, st. n., _people's-jewel, precious treasure_: instr. pl. þeód-ge-streónum, 44; gen. pl. þeód-ge-streóna, 1219.

þeódig, adj., _appertaining to a_ þeód: in comp. el-þeódig.

þeód-scaða, w. m., _foe of the people, general foe_: nom. sg. þeód-sceaða (_the dragon_), 2279, 2689.

þeód-þreá, st. f. m., _popular misery, general distress_: dat. pl. wið þeód-þreáum, 178.

þeóf, st. m., _thief_: gen. sg. þeófes cräfte, 2221.

þeón, st. v.: 1) _to grow, ripen, thrive_: pret. sg. weorðmyndum þâh (_grew in glory_), 8.--2) _to thrive in, succeed_: pret. sg. hûru þät on lande lyt manna þâh (_that throve to few_), 2837. See Note, l. 901.

ge-þeón, _to grow, thrive; increase in power and influence_: imper. ge-þeóh tela, 1219; inf. lof-dædum sceal ... man geþeón, 25; þät þät þeódnes bearn ge-þeón scolde, 911.

on-þeón? _to begin, undertake_, w. gen.: pret. he þäs ær onþâh, 901. [In MS. Emended in text.--KTH] See Note, l. 901.

þeon (for þeówan), w. v., _to oppress, restrain_: inf. näs se folc-cyning ymb-sittendra ænig þâra þe mec ... dorste egesan þeón (_that durst oppress me with terror_), 2737.

þeóstor, adj., _dark, gloomy_: instr. pl. þeóstrum ge-þoncum, 2333.

þicgan, st. v. w. acc., _to seize, attain, eat, appropriate_: inf. þät he (Grendel) mâ môste manna cynnes þicgean ofer þâ niht, 737; symbel þicgan (_take the meal, enjoy the feast_), 1011; pret. pl. þät hie me þêgon, 563; þær we medu þêgun, 2634.

ge-þicgan, w. acc., _to grasp, take_: pret. sg. (symbel and sele-ful, ful) ge-þeah, 619, 629; Beówulf ge-þah ful on flette, 1025; pret. pl. (medo-ful manig) ge-þægon, 1015.

þider, þyder, adv., _thither_: þyder, 3087, 379, 2971.

þihtig, þyhtig, adj., _doughty, vigorous, firm_: acc. sg. neut. sweord ... ecgum þyhtig, 1559.--Comp. hyge-þihtig.

þincan. See þyncan.

þing, st. n.: 1) _thing_: gen. pl. ænige þinga (_ullo modo_), 792, 2375, 2906.--2) _affair, contest, controversy_: nom. sg. me wearð Grendles þing ... undyrne cûð (_Grendel's doings became known to me_), 409.--3) _judgment, issue, judicial assembly_(?): acc. sg. sceal ... âna gehegan þing wið þyrse (_shall bring the matter alone to an issue against the giant_: see hegan), 426.

ge-þing, st. n.: 1) _terms, covenant_: acc. pl. ge-þingo, 1086.--2) _fate, providence, issue_: gen. sg. ge-þinges, 398, 710; (ge-þingea, MS.), 525.