Part 29

searo (G. sarwa, pl.), st. n.: 1) _armor, accoutrements, war-gear_: nom. pl. sæ-manna searo, 329; dat. pl. secg on searwum (_a man, warrior, in panoply_), 249, 2701; in (on) searwum, 323, 1558; 2531, 2569; instr. pl. searwum, 1814.--2) _insidiae, ambuscade, waylaying, deception, battle_: þâ ic of searwum cwom, fâh from feóndum, 419.--3) _cunning, art, skill_: instr. pl. sadol searwum fâh (_saddle cunningly ornamented_), 1039; earmbeága fela, searwum ge-sæled (_many cunningly-linked armlets_), 2765.--Comp. fyrd-, gûð-, inwit-searo.

searo-bend, st. f., _band, bond, of curious workmanship_: instr. pl. searo-bendum fäst, 2087.

searo-fâh, adj., _cunningly inlaid, ornamented, with gold_: nom. sg. here-byrne hondum ge-broden, sîd and searo-fâh, 1445.

searo-ge-þräc, st. n., _heap of treasure-objects_: acc. sg., 3103.

searo-gim, st. m., _cunningly set gem, rich jewel_: acc. pl. searo-gimmas, 2750; gen. pl. searo-gimma, 1158.

searo-grim, adj., _cunning and fierce_: nom. sg., 595.

searo-häbbend, pres. part. as subst., _arms-bearing, warrior with his trappings_: gen. pl. searo-häbbendra, 237.

searo-net, st. n., _armor-net, shirt of mail, corselet_: nom. sg., 406.

searo-nîð, st. m.: 1) _cunning hostility, plot, wiles_: acc. pl. searo-nîðas, 1201, 2739.--2) also, only _hostility, feud, contest_: acc. pl. searo-nîðas, 3068; gen. pl. searo-nîða, 582.

searo-þanc, st. m., _ingenuity_: instr. pl. searo-þoncum, 776.

searo-wundor, st. n., _rare wonder_: acc. sg., 921.

seax, st. n., _shortsword, hip-knife; dagger_: instr. sg. seaxe, 1546.--Comp. wäl-seax.

seax-ben, st. f., _dagger-wound_: instr. pl. siex-bennum, 2905.

seofon, num., _seven_, 517; seofan, 2196; decl. acc. syfone, 3123.

seomian, w. v.: 1) intrans., _to be tied; lie at rest_: inf. siomian, 2768; pret. sg. seomode, 302.--2) w. acc., _to put in bonds, entrap, catch_: pret. sg. duguðe and geogoðe seomade (cf. 2086-2092), 161.

seonu, st. f., _sinew_: nom. pl. seonowe, 818.

seóc, adj., _feeble, weak; fatally ill_: nom. sg. feorh-bennum seóc (of Beówulf, _sick unto death_), 2741; siex-bennum seóc (of the dead dragon), 2905; nom. pl. môdes seóce (_sick of soul_), 1604.--Comp.: ellen-, feorh-, heaðo-seóc.

seóðan, st. v. w. acc., _to seethe, boil_; figuratively, _be excited over, brood_: pret. sg. ic þäs môd-ceare sorh-wylmum seáð (_I pined in heart-grief for that_), 1994; so, 190.

seóloð, st. m.?, _bight, bay_ (cf. Dietrich in Haupt XI. 416): gen. pl. sióleða bi-gong (_the realm of bights_ = the [surface of the] sea?), 2368.

seón, sýn, st. f., _aspect, sight_: in comp. wlite-, wundor-seón, an-sýn.

seón, st. v., _to see_: a) w. acc.: inf. searo-wunder seón, 921; so, 387, 1181, 1276, 3103; þær mäg nihta ge-hwæm nîð-wundor seón (_there may every night be seen a repulsive marvel_), 1366; pret. sg. ne seah ic ... heal-sittendra medudreám mâran, 2015.--b) w. acc. and predicate adj.: ne seah ic elþeódige þus manige men môdiglîcran, 336.--c) w. prep. or adv.: pret. sg. seah on enta ge-weorc, 2718; seah on un-leófe, 2864; pl. folc tô sægon (_looked on_), 1423.

ge-seón, _to see, behold_: a) w. acc.: pres. sg. III. se þe beáh ge-syhð, 2042; inf. ge-seón, 396, 571, 649, 962, 1079, etc.; pret. sg. geseah, 247, 927, 1558, 1614; pl. ge-sâwon, 1606, 2253.--b) w. acc. and predicate adj., pres. sg. III. ge-syhð ... on his suna bûre win-sele wêstne (_sees in his son's house the wine-hall empty_; or, _hall of friends_?), 2456.--c) w. inf.: pret. sg. ge-seah ... beran ofer bolcan beorhte randas (_saw shining shields borne over the gang-plank_), 229; pret. pl. mære mâððum-sweord monige ge-sâwon beforan beorn beran, 1024.--d) w. acc. and inf.: pret. sg. ge-seah, 729, 1517, 1586, 1663, 2543, 2605, etc.; pl. ge-sâwon, 221, 1348, 1426; ge-sêgan, 3039; ge-sêgon, 3129.--e) w. depend, clause: inf. mäg þonne ... geseón sunu Hrêðles, þät ic (_may the son of H. see that I..._), 1486; pret. pl. ge-sâwon, 1592.

geond-seón, _to see, look through, over_, w. acc.: pret. sg. (ic) þät eall geond-seh, 3088.

ofer-seón, _to see clearly, plainly_: pret. pl. ofer-sâwon, 419.

on-seón, _to look on, at_, w. acc.: pret. pl. on-sâwon, 1651.

seówian, w. v., _to sew, put together, link_: pret. part. searo-net seówed smiðes or-þancum (_the corselet woven by the smith's craft_), 406.

sib, st. f., _peace, friendship, relationship_: nom. sg., 1165, 1858; sibb, 2601; acc. sibbe, 950, 2432, 2923; instr. sg. sibbe (_in peace_?), 154.--Comp.: dryht-, friðo-sib.

sib-äðeling, st. m., _nobilis consanguineus, kindred prince_ or _nobleman_: nom. pl. -äðelingas, 2709.

sibbe-gedryht, st. f., _body of allied_ or _related warriors_: acc. sg. sibbe-gedriht (the Danes), 387; (the Geátas), 730.

siððan, syððan: 1) adv.: a) _since, after, from now on, further_, 142, 149, 283, 567, 1903, 2052, 2065, 2176, 2703, 2807, 2921; seoððan, 1876.--b) _then, thereupon, after_, 470, 686, 1454, 1557, 1690, 2208; seoððan, 1938; ær ne siððan (_neither before nor after_), 719.

2) Conj.: a) w. ind. pres., _as soon as, when_, 413, 605, 1785, 2889, 2912.--b) w. ind. pret., _when, whilst_, 835, 851, 1205, 1207, 1421, 1590, 2357, 2961, 2971, 3128; seoððan, 1776;--_since_, 649, 657, 983, 1199, 1254, 1309, 2202;--_after_, either with pluperf.: siððan him scyppend forscrifen häfde (_after the Creator had proscribed him_), 106; so, 1473; or with pret. = pluperf.: syððan niht becom (_after night had come on_), 115; so, 6, 132, 723, 887, 902, 1078, 1149, 1236, 1262, 1282, 1979, 2013, 2125; or pret. and pluperf. together, 2104-2105.

siex. See seax.

sige-dryhten, st. m., _lord of victory, victorious lord_: nom. sg. sige-drihten, 391.

sige-eádig, adj., _blest with victory, victorious_: acc. sg. neut. sige-eádig bil, 1558.

sige-folc, st. n., _victorious people, troop_: gen. pl. sige-folca, 645.

sige-hrêð, st. f., _confidence of victory_(?): acc. sg., 490. See Note.

sige-hrêðig, adj., _victorious_: nom. sg., 94, 1598, 2757.

sige-hwîl, st. f., _hour_ or _day of victory_: gen. sg. sige-hwîle, 2711.

sige-leás, adj., _devoid of victory, defeated_: acc. sg. sige-leásne sang, 788.

sige-rôf, adj., _victorious_: nom. sg., 620.

sige-þeód, st. f., _victorious warrior troop_: dat. sg. on sige-þeóde, 2205.

sige-wæpen, st. n., _victor-weapon, sword_: dat. pl. sige-wæpnum, 805.

sigl, st. n.: 1) _sun_: nom. sg. sigel, 1967.--2) _sun-shaped ornament_: acc. pl. siglu, 3165; sigle (bracteates of a necklace), 1201; gen. pl. sigla, 1158.--Comp. mâððum-sigl.

sigor, st. m., _victory_: gen. sg. sigores, 1022; gen. pl. sigora, 2876, 3056.--Comp.: hrêð-, wîg-sigor.

sigor-eádig, adj., _victorious_: nom. sg. sigor-eádig secg (of Beówulf), 1312, 2353.

sin. See syn.

sinc, st. n., _treasure, jewel, property_: nom. sg., 2765; acc. sg. sinc, 81, 1205, 1486, 2384, 2432; instr. sg. since, 1039, 1451, 1616, 1883, 2218, 2747; gen. sg. sinces, 608, 1171, 1923, 2072; gen. pl. sinca, 2429.

sinc-fâh, adj., _treasure-decked_: acc. sg. neut. weak form, sinc-fâge sel, 167.

sinc-fät, st. n., _costly vessel_: acc. sg., 2232, 2301;--_a costly object_: acc. sg., 1201 (i.e. mene); acc. pl. sinc-fato, 623.

sinc-ge-streón, st. n., _precious treasure, jewel of value _: instr. pl. -gestreónum, 1093; gen. pl. -gestreóna, 1227.

sinc-gifa, w. m., _jewel-giver, treasure-giver = prince, ruler_: acc. sg. sinc-gyfan, 1013; dat. sg. sinc-gifan (of Beówulf), 2312; (of Äschere), 1343.

sinc-mâððum, st. m., _treasure_: nom. sg., 2194.

sinc-þego, f., _acceptance, taking, of jewels_: nom. sg., 2885.

sin-dolh, st. n., _perpetual_, i.e. incurable, _wound_: nom. sg. syn-dolh, 818.

sin-freá, w. m., _wedded lord, husband_: nom. sg., 1935.

sin-gal, adj., _continual, lasting_: acc. sg. fem, sin-gale säce, 154.

sin-gales, adv. gen. sg., _continually, ever_, 1778; syngales, 1136.

singala, adv. gen. pl., the same, 190.

singan, st. v., _to sound, ring, sing_: pret. sg. hring-îren scîr song in searwum (_the ringed iron rang in the armor_), 323; horn stundum song fûs-lîc f[yrd]-leóð (_at times the horn rang forth a ready battle-song_), 1424; scôp hwîlum sang (_the singer sang at whiles_), 496.

â-singan, _to sing out, sing to an end_: pret. part. leóð wäs â-sungen, 1160.

sin-here, st. m., (_army without end_?), _strong army, host_: instr. sg. sin-herge, 2937.

sin-niht, st. f., _perpetual night, night after night_: acc. pl. sin-nihte (_night after night_), 161.

sin-sceaða, w. m., _irreconcilable foe_: nom. sg. syn-scaða, 708; acc. sg. syn-scaðan, 802.

sin-snæd, st. f., (_continuous biting_) _bite after bite_: dat. pl. syn-snædum swealh (_swallowed bite after bite, in great bites_), 744.

sittan, st. v.: 1) _to sit_: pres. sg. Wîglâf siteð ofer Biówulfe, 2907; imper. sg. site nu tô symle, 489; inf. þær swîð-ferhðe sittan eodon (_whither the strong-minded went and sat_), 493; eode ... tô hire freán sittan (_went to sit by her lord_), 642; pret. sg. on wicge sät (_sat on the horse_), 286; ät fôtum sät (_sat at the feet_), 500, 1167; þær Hrôðgâr sät (_where H. sat_), 356; so, 1191, 2895; he gewêrgad sät ... freán eaxlum neáh, 2854; pret. pl. sæton, 1165; gistas sêtan (MS. sêcan) ... and on mere staredon (_the strangers sat and stared on the sea_), 1603.--2) _to be in a certain state_ or _condition_ (_quasi_ copula): pret. sg. mære þeóden ... unblîðe sät, 130.--Comp.: flet-, heal-sittend.

be-sittan, obsidere, _to surround, besiege_, w. acc.: besät þâ sin-herge sweorda lâfe wundum wêrge (_then besieged he with a host the leavings of the sword, wound-weary_), 2937.

for-sittan, obstrui, _to pass away, fail_: pres. sg. eágena bearhtm for-siteð (_the light of the eyes passeth away_), 1768.

ge-sittan: 1) _to sit, sit together_: pret. sg. monig-oft ge-sät rîce to rûne (_very often sat the king deliberating with his council_ (see rîce), 171; wið earm ge-sät (_supported himself upon his arm, sat on his arm_?), 750; fêða eal ge-sät (_the whole troop sat down_), 1425; ge-sät þâ wið sylfne (_sat there beside, near to, him_, i.e. Hygelâc), 1978;

ge-sät þâ on nässe, 2418; so, 2718; pret. part. (syððan) ... we tô symble ge-seten häfdon, 2105.--2) w. acc., _to seat one's self upon_ or _in something, to board_: pret. sg. þâ ic ... sæ-bât ge-sät, 634.

of-sittan, w. acc., _to sit over_ or _upon_: pret. sg. of-sät þâ þone sele-gyst, 1546.

ofer-sittan, w. acc., _to dispense with, refrain from_ (cf. ofer, 2 [c]): pres. sg. I. þät ic wið þone gûð-flogan gylp ofer-sitte, 2529; inf. secge ofer-sittan, 685.

on-sittan (O.H.G. int-sizzan, _to start from one's seat, to be startled_), w. acc., _to fear_: inf. þâ fæhðe, atole ecg-þräce eówer leóde sîwðe onsittan _to dread the hostility, the fierce contest, of your people_, 598.

ymb-sittan, _to sit around_, w. acc.: pret. pl. (þät hie) ... symbel ymb-sæton (_sat round the feast_), 564. See ymb-sittend.

sîd, adj.: 1) _wide, broad, spacious, large_: nom. sg. (here-byrne, glôf) sîd, 1445, 2087; acc. sg. m. sîdne scyld, 437; on sîdne sæ, 507; fem. byrnan sîde (of a corselet extending over the legs), 1292; ofer sæ sîde, 2395; neut. sîde rîce, 1734, 2200; instr. sg. sîdan herge, 2348; acc. pl. sîde sæ-nässas, 223; sîde scyldas, 325; gen. pl. sîdra sorga (_of great sorrows_), 149.--2) in moral sense, _great, noble_: acc. sg. þurh sîdne sefan, 1727.

side, adv., _far and wide, afar_, 1224.

sîd-fäðme, adj., _broad-bosomed_: acc. sg. sîd-fäðme scip, 1918.

sîd-fäðmed, _quasi_ pret. part., the same: nom. sg. sîd-fäðmed scip, 302.

sîd-rand, st. m., _broad shield_: nom. sg., 1290.

sîð (G. seþu-s), adj., _late_: superl. nom. sg. sîðast sige-hwîle (_the last hour, day, of victory_), 2711; dat. sg. ät sîðestan (_in the end, at last_), 3014.

sîð, adv. compar., _later_: ær and sîð (_sooner and later, early and late_), 2501.

sîð (G. sinþ-s), st. m.: l) _road, way, journey, expedition_; esp., _road to battle_: nom. sg., 501, 3059, 3090; näs þät êðe sîð (_that was no easy road, task_), 2587; so, þät wäs geócor sîð, 766; acc. sg. sîð, 353, 512, 909, 1279, 1430, 1967; instr. dat. sîðe, 532, 1952, 1994; gen. sg. sîðes, 579, 1476, 1795, 1909. Also, _return_: nom. sg., 1972.--2) _undertaking, enterprise_; esp., _battle-work_: nom. sg. nis þät eówer sîð, 2533; ne bið swylc earges sîð (_such is no coward's enterprise_), 2542; acc. sg. sîð, 873. In pl.= _adventures_: nom. sîðas, 1987; acc. sîðas, 878; gen. sîða, 318.--3) time (as iterative): nom. sg. näs þät forma sîð (_that was not the first time_), 717, 1464; so, 1528, 2626; acc. sg. oftor micle þonne on ænne sîð, 1580; instr. sg. (forman, ôðre, þriddan) sîðe, 741, 1204, 2050, 2287, 2512, 2518, 2671, 2689, 3102.--Comp.: cear-, eft-, ellor-, gryre-, sæ-, wil-, wræc-sîð.

ge-sîð, st. m., _comrade, follower_: gen. sg. ge-sîðes, 1298; nom. pl. ge-sîðas, 29; acc. pl. ge-sîðas, 2041, 2519; dat. pl. ge-sîðum, 1314, 1925, 2633; gen. pl. ge-sîða, 1935.--Comp.: eald-, wil-gesîð.

sîð-fät, st. m., _way, journey_: acc. sg. þone sîð-fät, 202; dat. sg. sîð-fate, 2640.

sîð-fram, -from, adj., _ready for the journey_: nom. pl. sîð-frome, 1814.

sîðian, w. v., _to journey, march_: inf., 721, 809; pret. sg. sîðode, 2120.

for-sîðian, _iter fatale inire_ (Grein): pret. sg. häfde þâ for-sîðod sunu Ecg-þeówes under gynne grund _(would have found his death_, etc.), 1551.

sîe, sý. See wesan.

sîgan, st. v., _to descend, sink, incline_: pret. pl. sigon ät-somne (_descended together_), 307; sigon þâ tô slæpe _(they sank to sleep_), 1252.

ge-sîgan, _to sink, fall_: inf. ge-sîgan ät säcce (_fall in battle_), 2660.

sîn, poss. pron., _his_: acc. sg. m. sînne, 1961, 1985, 2284, 2790; dat. sg. sînum, 1508.

slæp, st. m., _sleep_: nom. sg., 1743; dat. sg. tô slæpe, 1252.

slæpan, st. v., _to sleep_: pres. part. nom. sg. slæpende, 2220; acc. sg. he gefêng ... slæpendne rinc (_seized a sleeping warrior]_, 742; acc. pl. slæpende frät folces Denigea fîftyne men _(devoured, sleeping, fifteen of the people of the Danes_), 1582.

sleac, adj., _slack, lazy_: nom. sg., 2188.

sleahan, sleán: 1) _to strike, strike at_: a) intrans.: pres. subj. sg. þät he me ongeán sleá (_that he should strike at me_), 682; pret. sg. yrringa slôh (_struck angrily_), 1566; so, slôh hilde-bille, 2680. b) trans.: pret. sg. þät he þone nîð-gäst nioðor hwêne slôh _(that he struck the dragon somewhat lower_, etc.), 2700.--2) w. acc.: _to slay, kill_: pret. sg. þäs þe he Abel slôg (_because he slew A._), 108; so, slôg, 421, 2180; slôh, 1582, 2356; pl. slôgon, 2051; pret. part. þâ wäs Fin slägen, 1153.

ge-sleán, w. acc.: 1) _to fight a battle_: pret. sg. ge-slôh þîn fäder fæhðe mæste, 459.--2) _to gain by fighting_: syððan hie þâ mærða ge-slôgon, 2997.

of-sleán, _to ofslay, kill_, w. acc.: pret. sg. of-slôh, 574, 1666, 3061.

slîðe (G. sleiþ-s), adj., _savage, fierce, dangerous_: acc. sg. þurh slîðne nîð, 184; gen. pl. slîðra ge-slyhta, 2399.

slîðen, adj., _furious, savage, deadly_ nom. sg. sweord-bealo slîðen, 1148.

slîtan, st. v., _to slit, tear to pieces_, w. acc.: pret. sg. slât (slæpendne rinc), 742.

slyht, st. m., _blow_: in comp. and-slyht.

ge-slyht, st. n. (collective), _battle, conflict_: gen. pl. slîðra ge-slyhta, 2399.

smið, st. m., _smith, armorer_: nom. sg. wæpna smið, 1453; gen. sg. smiðes, 406.--Comp. wundor-smið.

be-smiðian, w. v., _to surround with iron-work, bands_, etc.: pret. part. he (the hall Heorot) þäs fäste wäs innan and ûtan îren-bendum searo-þoncum besmiðod (i.e. the beams out of which the hall was built were held together skilfully, within and without, by iron clamps), 776.

snell, adj., _fresh, vigorous, lively; of martial temper_: nom. sg. se snella, 2972.

snellîc, adj., the same: nom. sg., 691.

snotor, snottor, adj., _clever, wise, intelligent_: nom. sg. snotor, 190, 827, 909, 1385; in weak form, (se) snottra, 1314, 1476, 1787; snotra, 2157, 3121; nom. pl. snotere, 202, 416; snottre, 1592.--Comp. fore-snotor.

snotor-lîce, adv., _intelligently, wisely_: compar. snotor-lîcor, 1483.

snûde, adv., _hastily, quickly, soon_, 905, 1870, 1972, 2326, 2569, 2753.

be-snyðian, w. v., _to rob, deprive of_: pret. sg. þätte Ongenþió ealdre be-snyðede Hæðcyn, 2925.

snyrian, w. v., _to hasten, hurry_: pret. pl. snyredon ät-somne (_hurried forward together_), 402.

snyttru, f., _intelligence, wisdom_: acc. sg. snyttru, 1727; dat. pl. mid môdes snyttrum, 1707; þe we ealle ær ne meahton snyttrum be-syrwan (_a deed which all of us together could not accomplish before with all our wisdom_), 943. Adv., _wisely_, 873.

somne. See samne.

sorgian, w. v.: 1) _to be grieved, sorrow_: imper. sg. II. ne sorga! 1385.--2) _to care for, trouble one's self about_: inf. nô þu ymb mînes ne þearft lîces feorme leng sorgian (_thou needst not care longer about my life's [body's] sustenance_), 451.

sorh, st. f., _grief, pain, sorrow_: nom. sg., 1323; sorh is me tô secganne (_pains me to say_), 473; acc. sg. sorge, 119, 2464; dat. instr. sg. mid þære sorge, 2469; sorge (_in sorrow, grieved_), 1150; gen. sg. worna fela ... sorge, 2005; dat. pl. sorgum, 2601; gen. pl. sorga, 149.--Comp.: hyge-, inwit-, þegn-sorh.

sorh-cearig, adj., _curis sollicitus, heart-broken_: nom. sg., 2456.

sorh-ful, adj., _sorrowful, troublesome, difficult_: nom. sg., 2120; acc. sg. sorh-fullne (sorh-fulne) sîð, 512, 1279, 1430.

sorh-leás, adj., _free from sorrow_ or _grief_: nom. sg., 1673.

sorh-leoð, st. n., _dirge, song of sorrow_: acc. sg., 2461.

sorh-wylm, st. m., _wave of sorrow_ nom. pl. sorh-wylmas, 905.

sôcn, st. f., _persecution, hostile pursuit_ or _attack_ (see sêcan): dat, (instr.) þære sôcne (by reason of Grendel's persecution), 1778.

sôð, st. n., _sooth, truth_:: acc. sg. sôð, 532, 701, 1050, 1701, 2865; dat. sg. tô sôðe (_in truth_), 51, 591, 2326.

sôð, adj., _true, genuine_: nom. sg, þät is sôð metod, 1612; acc. sg. n. gyd âwräc sôð and sâr-lîc, 2110.

sôðe, adv., _truly, correctly, accurately_, 524; sôðe gebunden (of alliterative verse: _accurately put together_), 872.

sôð-cyning, st. m., _true king_: nom. sg. sigora sôð-cyning (_God_), 3056.

sôð-fäst, adj., _soothfast, established in truth, orthodox_ (here used of the Christian martyrs): gen. pl. sôð-fästra dôm (_glory, realm, of the saints_), 2821.

sôð-lîce, adv., _in truth, truly, truthfully_, 141, 273, 2900.

sôfte, adv., _gently, softly_: compar. þý sêft (_the more easily_), 2750.--Comp. un-sôfte.

sôna, adv., _soon, immediately_, 121, 722, 744, 751, 1281, 1498, 1592, 1619, 1763, etc.

on-spannan, st. v., _to un-span, unloose_: pret. sg. his helm on-speón (_loosed his helm_), 2724.

spel, st. n., _narrative, speech_: acc. sg. spell, 2110; acc. pl. spel, 874; gen. pl. spella, 2899, 3030.--Comp. weá-spel.

spêd, st. f.: 1) _luck, success_: in comp. here-, wîg-spêd.--2) _skill, facility_: acc. sg. on spêd (_skilfully_), 874.

spîwan, st. v., _to spit, spew_, w. instr.: inf. glêdum spîwan (_spit fire_), 2313

spor, st. n., _spur_: in comp. hand-spor.

spôwan, st. v., _to speed well, help, avail_: pret. sg. him wiht ne speów (_availed him naught_), 2855; hû him ät æte speów (_how he sped in the eating_), 3027.

spræc, st. f., _speech, language_: instr. sg. frêcnan spræce (_through bold, challenging, discourse_), 1105.--Comp.: æfen-, gylp-spræc.

sprecan, st. v., _to speak_: inf. ic sceal forð sprecan gen ymbe Grendel _(I shall go on speaking about G._), 2070; w. acc. se þe wyle sôð sprecan (_he who will speak the truth_), 2865; imper. tô Geátum sprec (spræc, MS.), 1172; pret. sg. III. spräc, 1169, 1699, 2511, 2725; word äfter spräc, 341; nô ymbe þâ fæhðe spräc, 2619; II. hwät þu worn fela ... ymb Brecan spræce (_how much thou hast spoken of Breca!_), 531; pl. hwät wit geó spræcon (_what we two spoke of before_), 1477; gomele ymb gôdne on-geador spræcon, þät big ... _(the graybeards spoke together about the valiant one, that they ..._), 1596; swâ wit furðum spræcon (_as we two spoke, engaged, before_), 1708; pret. part. þâ wäs ... þryð-word sprecen, 644.

ge-sprecan, w. acc., _to speak_: pret. sg. ge-spräc, 676, 1399, 1467, 3095.

spreót, st. m., _pole; spear, pike_: in comp. eofor-spreót.

springan, st. v., _to jump, leap; flash_: pret. sg. hrâ wîde sprong _(the body bounded far_), 1589; swât ædrum sprong forð under fexe (_the blood burst out in streams from under his hair_), 2967; pl. wîde sprungon hilde-leóman (_flashed afar_), 2583. Also figuratively: blæd wîde sprang (_his repute spread afar_), 18.

ge-springan, _to spring forth_: pret. sg. swâ þät blôd ge-sprang (_as the blood burst forth_), 1668. Figuratively, _to arise, originate_: pret. sg. Sigemunde gesprong äfter deáð-däge dôm un-lytel, 885.

on-springan, _to burst in two, spring asunder_: pret. pl. seonowe onsprungon, burston bânlocan 818.

standan, st. v.: 1) absolutely or with prep., _to stand_: pres. III. pl. eóred-geatwe þe ge þær on standað (_the warlike accoutrements wherein ye there stand_), 2867; inf. ge-seah ... orcas stondan (_saw vessels standing_), 2761; pret. sg. ät hýðe stôd hringed-stefna (_in the harbor stood the curved-prowed?, metal-covered?, ship_), 32; stôd on stapole (_stood near the [middle] column_), 927; so, 1914, 2546; þät him on aldre stôd here-stræl hearda (_that the sharp war-arrow stood in his vitals_), 1435; so, 2680; pl. gâras stôdon ... samod ät-gädere (_the spears stood together_), 328; him big stôdan bunan and orcas (_by him stood cans and pots_), 3048. Also of still water: pres. sg. III. nis þät feor heonon ... þät se mere standeð, 1363.--2) with predicate adj., _to stand, continue in a certain state_: subj. pres. þät þes sele stande ... rinca ge-hwylcum îdel and unnyt (_that this hall stands empty and useless for every warrior_), 411; inf. hord-wynne fand eald uht-sceaða opene standan, 2272; pret. sg. ôð þät îdel stôd hûsa sêlest, 145; so, 936; wäter under stôd dreórig and ge-drêfed, 1418--3) _to belong_ or _attach to; issue_: pret. sg. Norð-Denum stôd atelîc egesa (_great terror clung to, overcame, the North Danes_), 784; þâra ânum stôd sadol searwum fâh (_on one of the steeds lay an ingeniously-inlaid saddle_), 1038; byrne-leóma eldum on andan (_burning light stood forth, a horror to men_), 2314; leóht inne stôd (_a light stood in it_, i.e. the sword), 1571; him of eágum stôd ... leóht unfäger (_an uncanny light issued from his eyes_), 727; so, þät [fram] þam gyste [gryre-] brôga stôd, 2229.

â-standan, _to stand up, arise_: pret. sg. â-stôd, 760, 1557, 2093.

ät-standan, _to stand at, near_, or _in_: pret. sg. þät hit (i.e. þät swurd) on wealle ät-stôd, 892.

for-standan, _to stand against_ or _before_, hence: 1) _to hinder, prevent_: pret. sg. (breóst-net) wið ord and wið ecge in-gang for-stôd (_the shirt of mail prevented point or edge from entering_), 1550; subj. nefne him witig god wyrd for-stôde (_if the wise God had not warded off such a fate from them_, i.e. the men threatened by Grendel), 1057.--2) _defend_, w. dat. of person against whom: inf. þät he ... mihte heáðo-lîðendum hord for-standan, bearn and brýde (_that he might protect his treasure, his children, and his spouse from the sea-farers_), 2956.

ge-standan, intrans., _to stand_: pret. sg. ge-stôd, 358, 404, 2567; pl. nealles him on heápe hand-gesteallan ... ymbe gestôdon (_not at all did his boon-companions stand serried around him_), 2597.

stapa, w. m., _stepper, strider_: in comp. hæð-, mearc-stapa.

stapan, st. v., _to step, stride, go forward_: pret. sg. eorl furður stôp, 762; gum-fêða stop lind-häbbendra (_the troop of shield-warriors strode on_), 1402.

ät-stapan, _to stride up_ or _to_: pret. sg. forð neár ät-stôp (_strode up nearer_), 746.

ge-stapan, _to walk, stride_: pret. sg. he to forð gestôp dyrnan cräfte, dracan heáfde neáh (_he_, i.e. the man that robbed the dragon of the vessel, _had through hidden craft come too near the dragon's head_), 2290.

stapol, st. m., (=[Greek: básis]), _trunk of a tree_; hence, _support, pillar, column_: dat. sg. stôd on stapole (_stood by_ or _near the wooden middle column of Heorot_), 927; instr. pl. þâ stân-bogan stapulum fäste (_the arches of stone upheld by pillars_), 2719. See Note.

starian, w. v., _to stare, look intently at_: pres. sg. I. þät ic on þone hafelan ... eágum starige (_that I see the head with my eyes_), 1782; þâra frätwa ... þe ic her on starie (_for the treasures ... that I here look upon_), 2797; III. þonne he on þät sine starað, 1486; sg. for pl. þâra þe on swylc starað, 997; pret. sg. þät (sin-freá) hire an däges eágum starede, 1936; pl. on mere staredon, 1604.

stân, st. m., 1) _stone_: in comp. eorclan-stân.--2) _rock_: acc. sg. under (ofer) hârne stân, 888, 1416, 2554, 2745; dat. sg. stâne, 2289, 2558.

stân-beorh, st. m., _rocky elevation, stony mountain_: acc. sg. stân-beorh steápne, 2214.

stân-boga, w. m., _stone arch, arch hewn out of the rock_: dat. sg. stân-bogan, 2546; nom. pl. stân-bogan, 2719.

stân-clif, st. n., _rocky cliff_: acc. pl. stân-cleofu, 2541.

stân-fâh, adj., _stone-laid, paved with stones of different colors_: nom. sg. stræt wäs stân-fâh (_the street was of different colored stones_), 320.

stân-hlið, st. n., _rocky slope_: acc. pl. stân-hliðo, 1410.

stäf, st. m.: 1) _staff_: in comp. rûn-staf.--2) _elementum_: in comp. âr-, ende-, fâcen-stäf.

stäl, st. m., _place, stead_: dat. sg. þät þu me â wære forð-gewitenum on fäder stäle (_that thou, if I died, wouldst represent a father's place to me_), 1480.