Part 6

Þâ wäs gegongen guman unfrôdum earfoðlîce, þät he on eorðan geseah þone leófestan lîfes ät ende 2825 bleáte gebæran. Bona swylce läg, egeslîc eorð-draca, ealdre bereáfod, bealwe gebæded: beáh-hordum leng wyrm woh-bogen wealdan ne môste, ac him îrenna ecga fornâmon, 2830 hearde heaðo-scearpe homera lâfe, þät se wîd-floga wundum stille hreás on hrusan hord-ärne neáh, nalles äfter lyfte lâcende hwearf middel-nihtum, mâðm-æhta wlonc 2835 ansýn ýwde: ac he eorðan gefeóll for þäs hild-fruman hond-geweorce. Hûru þät on lande lyt manna þâh mägen-âgendra mîne gefræge, þeáh þe he dæda gehwäs dyrstig wære, 2840 þät he wið âttor-sceaðan oreðe geræsde, oððe hring-sele hondum styrede, gif he wäccende weard onfunde bûan on beorge. Biówulfe wearð dryht-mâðma dæl deáðe forgolden; 2845 häfde æghwäðer ende gefêred lænan lîfes. Näs þâ lang tô þon, þät þâ hild-latan holt ofgêfan, tydre treów-logan tyne ätsomne, þâ ne dorston ær dareðum lâcan 2850 on hyra man-dryhtnes miclan þearfe; ac hy scamiende scyldas bæran, gûð-gewædu, þær se gomela läg: wlitan on Wîglâf. He gewêrgad sät, fêðe-cempa freán eaxlum neáh, 2855 wehte hyne wätre; him wiht ne speów; ne meahte he on eorðan, þeáh he ûðe wel, on þam frum-gâre feorh gehealdan, ne þäs wealdendes willan wiht oncirran; wolde dôm godes dædum rædan 2860 gumena gehwylcum, swâ he nu gen dêð. Þâ wäs ät þam geongan grim andswaru êð-begête þâm þe ær his elne forleás. Wîglâf maðelode, Weohstânes sunu, secg sârig-ferð seah on unleófe: 2865 "Þät lâ mäg secgan, se þe wyle sôð sprecan, "þät se mon-dryhten, se eów þâ mâðmas geaf, "eóred-geatwe, þe ge þær on standað, "þonne he on ealu-bence oft gesealde "heal-sittendum helm and byrnan, 2870 "þeóden his þegnum, swylce he þryðlîcost "ôhwær feor oððe neáh findan meahte, "þät he genunga gûð-gewædu "wrâðe forwurpe. Þâ hyne wîg beget, "nealles folc-cyning fyrd-gesteallum 2875 "gylpan þorfte; hwäðre him god ûðe, "sigora waldend, þät he hyne sylfne gewräc "âna mid ecge, þâ him wäs elnes þearf, "Ic him lîf-wraðe lytle meahte "ätgifan ät gûðe and ongan swâ þeáh 2880 "ofer mîn gemet mæges helpan: "symle wäs þý sæmra, þonne ic sweorde drep "ferhð-genîðlan, fýr unswîðor "weóll of gewitte. Wergendra tô lyt "þrong ymbe þeóden, þâ hyne sió þrag becwom. 2885 "Nu sceal sinc-þego and swyrd-gifu "eall êðel-wyn eówrum cynne, "lufen âlicgean: lond-rihtes môt "þære mæg-burge monna æghwylc "îdel hweorfan, syððan äðelingas 2890 "feorran gefricgean fleám eówerne, "dôm-leásan dæd. Deáð bið sêlla "eorla gehwylcum þonne edwît-lîf!"

XL. THE SOLDIER'S DIRGE AND PROPHECY.

Hêht þâ þät heaðo-weorc tô hagan biódan up ofer êg-clif, þær þät eorl-weorod 2895 morgen-longne däg môd-giômor sät, bord-häbbende, bega on wênum ende-dôgores and eft-cymes leófes monnes. Lyt swîgode niwra spella, se þe näs gerâd, 2900 ac he sôðlîce sägde ofer ealle; "Nu is wil-geofa Wedra leóda, "dryhten Geáta deáð-bedde fäst, "wunað wäl-reste wyrmes dædum; "him on efn ligeð ealdor-gewinna, 2905 "siex-bennum seóc: sweorde ne meahte "on þam aglæcean ænige þinga "wunde gewyrcean. Wîglâf siteð "ofer Biówulfe, byre Wihstânes, "eorl ofer ôðrum unlifigendum, 2910 "healdeð hige-mêðum heáfod-wearde "leófes and lâðes. Nu ys leódum wên "orleg-hwîle, syððan underne "Froncum and Frysum fyll cyninges "wîde weorðeð. Wäs sió wrôht scepen 2915 "heard wið Hûgas, syððan Higelâc cwom "faran flot-herge on Fresna land, "þær hyne Hetware hilde gehnægdon, "elne geeodon mid ofer-mägene, "þät se byrn-wîga bûgan sceolde, 2920 "feóll on fêðan: nalles frätwe geaf "ealdor dugoðe; ûs wäs â syððan "Merewioinga milts ungyfeðe. "Ne ic tô Sweó-þeóde sibbe oððe treówe "wihte ne wêne; ac wäs wîde cûð, 2925 "þätte Ongenþió ealdre besnyðede "Hæðcyn Hrêðling wið Hrefna-wudu, "þâ for on-mêdlan ærest gesôhton "Geáta leóde Gûð-scilfingas. "Sôna him se frôda fäder Ôhtheres, 2930 "eald and eges-full ond-slyht âgeaf, "âbreót brim-wîsan, brýd âheórde, "gomela ió-meowlan golde berofene, "Onelan môdor and Ôhtheres, "and þâ folgode feorh-genîðlan 2935 "ôð þät hî ôðeodon earfoðlîce "in Hrefnes-holt hlâford-leáse. "Besät þâ sin-herge sweorda lâfe "wundum wêrge, weán oft gehêt "earmre teohhe andlonge niht: 2940 "cwäð he on mergenne mêces ecgum "getan wolde, sume on galg-treówum "fuglum tô gamene. Frôfor eft gelamp "sârig-môdum somod ær-däge, "syððan hie Hygelâces horn and býman 2945 "gealdor ongeâton. Þâ se gôda com "leóda dugoðe on lâst faran.

XLI. HE TELLS OF THE SWEDES AND THE GEATAS.

"Wäs sió swât-swaðu Sweona and Geáta, "wäl-ræs wera wîde gesýne, "hû þâ folc mid him fæhðe tôwehton. 2950 "Gewât him þâ se gôda mid his gädelingum, "frôd fela geômor fästen sêcean, "eorl Ongenþió ufor oncirde; "häfde Higelâces hilde gefrunen, "wlonces wîg-cräft, wiðres ne trûwode, 2955 "þät he sæ-mannum onsacan mihte, "heáðo-lîðendum hord forstandan, "bearn and brýde; beáh eft þonan "eald under eorð-weall. Þâ wäs æht boden "Sweona leódum, segn Higelâce. 2960 "Freoðo-wong þone forð ofereodon, "syððan Hrêðlingas tô hagan þrungon. "Þær wearð Ongenþió ecgum sweorda, "blonden-fexa on bîd wrecen, "þät se þeód-cyning þafian sceolde 2965 "Eofores ânne dôm: hyne yrringa "Wulf Wonrêding wæpne geræhte, "þät him for swenge swât ædrum sprong "forð under fexe. Näs he forht swâ þêh, "gomela Scilfing, ac forgeald hraðe 2970 "wyrsan wrixle wäl-hlem þone, "syððan þeód-cyning þyder oncirde: "ne meahte se snella sunu Wonrêdes "ealdum ceorle ond-slyht giofan, "ac he him on heáfde helm ær gescer, 2975 "þät he blôde fâh bûgan sceolde, "feóll on foldan; näs he fæge þâ git, "ac he hyne gewyrpte, þeáh þe him wund hrîne, "Lêt se hearda Higelâces þegn "brâdne mêce, þâ his brôðor läg, 2980 "eald sweord eotonisc, entiscne helm, "brecan ofer bord-weal: þâ gebeáh cyning, "folces hyrde, wäs in feorh dropen. "Þâ wæron monige, þe his mæg wriðon, "ricone ârærdon, þâ him gerýmed wearð, 2985 "þät hie wäl-stôwe wealdan môston. "Þenden reáfode rinc ôðerne, "nam on Ongenþió îren-byrnan, "heard swyrd hilted and his helm somod; "hâres hyrste Higelâce bär. 2990 "He þâm frätwum fêng and him fägre gehêt "leána fore leódum and gelæste swâ: "geald þone gûð-ræs Geáta dryhten, "Hrêðles eafora, þâ he tô hâm becom, "Jofore and Wulfe mid ofer-mâðmum, 2995 "sealde hiora gehwäðrum hund þûsenda "landes and locenra beága; ne þorfte him þâ leán ôðwîtan "mon on middan-gearde, syððan hie þâ mærða geslôgon; "and þâ Jofore forgeaf ângan dôhtor, "hâm-weorðunge, hyldo tô wedde. 3000 "Þät ys sió fæhðo and se feónd-scipe, "wäl-nîð wera, þäs þe ic wên hafo, "þe ûs sêceað tô Sweona leóde, "syððan hie gefricgeað freán ûserne "ealdor-leásne, þone þe ær geheóld 3005 "wið hettendum hord and rîce, "äfter häleða hryre hwate Scylfingas, "folc-ræd fremede oððe furður gen "eorl-scipe efnde. Nu is ôfost betost, "þät we þeód-cyning þær sceáwian 3010 "and þone gebringan, þe ûs beágas geaf, "on âd-färe. Ne scel ânes hwät "meltan mid þam môdigan, ac þær is mâðma hord. "gold unrîme grimme geceápod "and nu ät sîðestan sylfes feore 3015 "beágas gebohte; þâ sceal brond fretan, "äled þeccean, nalles eorl wegan "mâððum tô gemyndum, ne mägð scýne "habban on healse hring-weorðunge, "ac sceall geômor-môd golde bereáfod 3020 "oft nalles æne el-land tredan, "nu se here-wîsa hleahtor âlegde, "gamen and gleó-dreám. Forþon sceall gâr wesan "monig morgen-ceald mundum bewunden, "häfen on handa, nalles hearpan swêg 3025 "wîgend weccean, ac se wonna hrefn "fûs ofer fægum, fela reordian, "earne secgan, hû him ät æte speów, "þenden he wið wulf wäl reáfode." Swâ se secg hwata secgende wäs 3030 lâðra spella; he ne leág fela wyrda ne worda. Weorod eall ârâs, eodon unblîðe under Earna näs wollen-teáre wundur sceáwian. Fundon þâ on sande sâwul-leásne 3035 hlim-bed healdan, þone þe him hringas geaf ærran mælum: þâ wäs ende-däg gôdum gegongen, þät se gûð-cyning, Wedra þeóden, wundor-deáðe swealt. Ær hî gesêgan syllîcran wiht, 3040 wyrm on wonge wiðer-rähtes þær lâðne licgean: wäs se lêg-draca, grimlîc gryre-gäst, glêdum beswæled, se wäs fîftiges fôt-gemearces. lang on legere, lyft-wynne heóld 3045 nihtes hwîlum, nyðer eft gewât dennes niósian; wäs þâ deáðe fäst, häfde eorð-scrafa ende genyttod. Him big stôdan bunan and orcas, discas lâgon and dýre swyrd, 3050 ômige þurh-etone, swâ hie wið eorðan fäðm þûsend wintra þær eardodon: þonne wäs þät yrfe eácen-cräftig, iú-monna gold galdre bewunden, þät þam hring-sele hrînan ne môste 3055 gumena ænig, nefne god sylfa, sigora sôð-cyning, sealde þam þe he wolde (he is manna gehyld) hord openian, efne swâ hwylcum manna, swâ him gemet þûhte.

XLII. WÎGLAF SPEAKS. THE BUILDING OF THE BALE-FIRE.

Þâ wäs gesýne, þät se sîð ne þâh 3060 þam þe unrihte inne gehýdde wräte under wealle. Weard ær ofslôh feára sumne; þâ sió fæhð gewearð gewrecen wrâðlîce. Wundur hwâr, þonne eorl ellen-rôf ende gefêre 3065 lîf-gesceafta, þonne leng ne mäg mon mid his mâgum medu-seld bûan. Swâ wäs Biówulfe, þâ he biorges weard sôhte, searo-nîðas: seolfa ne cûðe, þurh hwät his worulde gedâl weorðan sceolde; 3070 swâ hit ôð dômes däg diópe benemdon þeódnas mære, þâ þät þær dydon, þät se secg wære synnum scildig, hergum geheaðerod, hell-bendum fäst, wommum gewitnad, se þone wong strâde. 3075 Näs he gold-hwät: gearwor häfde âgendes êst ær gesceáwod. Wîglâf maðelode, Wihstânes sunu: "Oft sceall eorl monig ânes willan "wræc âdreógan, swâ ûs geworden is. 3080 "Ne meahton we gelæran leófne þeóden, "rîces hyrde ræd ænigne, "þät he ne grêtte gold-weard þone, "lête hyne licgean, þær he longe wäs, "wîcum wunian ôð woruld-ende. 3085 "Heóldon heáh gesceap: hord ys gesceáwod, "grimme gegongen; wäs þät gifeðe tô swîð, "þe þone þeóden þyder ontyhte. "Ic wäs þær inne and þät eall geond-seh, "recedes geatwa, þâ me gerýmed wäs, 3090 "nealles swæslîce sîð âlýfed "inn under eorð-weall. Ic on ôfoste gefêng "micle mid mundum mägen-byrðenne "hord-gestreóna, hider ût ätbär "cyninge mînum: cwico wäs þâ gena, 3095 "wîs and gewittig; worn eall gespräc "gomol on gehðo and eówic grêtan hêt, "bäd þät ge geworhton äfter wines dædum "in bæl-stede beorh þone heán "micelne and mærne, swâ he manna wäs 3100 "wîgend weorð-fullost wîde geond eorðan, "þenden he burh-welan brûcan môste. "Uton nu êfstan ôðre sîðe "seón and sêcean searo-geþräc, "wundur under wealle! ic eów wîsige, 3105 "þät ge genôge neán sceáwiað "beágas and brâd gold. Sîe sió bær gearo "ädre geäfned, þonne we ût cymen, "and þonne geferian freán ûserne, "leófne mannan, þær he longe sceal 3110 "on þäs waldendes wære geþolian." Hêt þâ gebeódan byre Wihstânes, häle hilde-diór, häleða monegum bold-âgendra, þät hie bæl-wudu feorran feredon, folc-âgende 3115 gôdum tôgênes: "Nu sceal glêd fretan "(weaxan wonna lêg) wîgena strengel, "þone þe oft gebâd îsern-scûre, "þonne stræla storm, strengum gebæded, "scôc ofer scild-weall, sceft nytte heóld, 3120 "feðer-gearwum fûs flâne full-eode." Hûru se snotra sunu Wihstânes âcîgde of corðre cyninges þegnas syfone tôsomne þâ sêlestan, eode eahta sum under inwit-hrôf; 3125 hilde-rinc sum on handa bär äled-leóman, se þe on orde geóng. Näs þâ on hlytme, hwâ þät hord strude, syððan or-wearde ænigne dæl secgas gesêgon on sele wunian, 3130 læne licgan: lyt ænig mearn, þät hi ôfostlice ût geferedon dýre mâðmas; dracan êc scufun, wyrm ofer weall-clif, lêton wæg niman, flôd fäðmian frätwa hyrde. 3135 Þær wäs wunden gold on wæn hladen, æghwäs unrîm, äðeling boren, hâr hilde-rinc tô Hrones nässe.

XLIII. BEÓWULF'S FUNERAL PYRE.

Him þâ gegiredan Geáta leóde âd on eorðan un-wâclîcne, 3140 helmum behongen, hilde-bordum, beorhtum byrnum, swâ he bêna wäs; âlegdon þâ tô-middes mærne þeóden häleð hiófende, hlâford leófne. Ongunnon þâ on beorge bæl-fýra mæst 3145 wîgend weccan: wudu-rêc âstâh sweart ofer swioðole, swôgende lêg, wôpe bewunden (wind-blond geläg) ôð þät he þâ bân-hûs gebrocen häfde, hât on hreðre. Higum unrôte 3150 môd-ceare mændon mon-dryhtnes cwealm; swylce giômor-gyd + lat . con meowle . . . . . wunden heorde . . . serg (?) cearig sælde geneahhe þät hio hyre . . . . gas hearde 3155 . . . . . ede wälfylla wonn . . hildes egesan hyðo haf mid heofon rêce swealh (?) Geworhton þâ Wedra leóde hlæw on hliðe, se wäs heáh and brâd, 3160 wæg-lîðendum wîde gesýne, and betimbredon on tyn dagum beadu-rôfes bêcn: bronda betost wealle beworhton, swâ hyt weorðlîcost fore-snotre men findan mihton. 3165 Hî on beorg dydon bêg and siglu, eall swylce hyrsta, swylce on horde ær nîð-hydige men genumen häfdon; forlêton eorla gestreón eorðan healdan, gold on greóte, þær hit nu gen lifað 3170 eldum swâ unnyt, swâ hit æror wäs. Þâ ymbe hlæw riodan hilde-deóre, äðelinga bearn ealra twelfa, woldon ceare cwîðan, kyning mænan, word-gyd wrecan and ymb wer sprecan, 3175 eahtodan eorl-scipe and his ellen-weorc duguðum dêmdon, swâ hit ge-dêfe bið, þät mon his wine-dryhten wordum hêrge, ferhðum freóge, þonne he forð scile of lîc-haman læne weorðan. 3180 Swâ begnornodon Geáta leóde hlâfordes hryre, heorð-geneátas, cwædon þät he wære woruld-cyning mannum mildust and mon-þwærust, leódum lîðost and lof-geornost.

APPENDIX

THE ATTACK IN FINNSBURG. [Footnote: See v. 1069 _seqq._]

". . . . . . . . . . . näs byrnað næfre." Hleoðrode þâ heaðo-geong cyning: "Ne þis ne dagað eástan, ne her draca ne fleógeð, "ne her þisse healle hornas ne byrnað, 5 "ac fêr forð berað fugelas singað, "gylleð græg-hama, gûð-wudu hlynneð, "scyld scefte oncwyð. Nu scýneð þes môna "waðol under wolcnum; nu ârîsað weá-dæda, "þe þisne folces nîð fremman willað. 10 "Ac onwacnigeað nu, wîgend mîne, "hebbað eówre handa, hicgeað on ellen, "winnað on orde, wesað on môde!" Þâ ârâs monig gold-hladen þegn, gyrde hine his swurde; þâ tô dura eodon drihtlîce cempan, 15 Sigeferð and Eaha, hyra sweord getugon, and ät ôðrum durum Ordlâf and Gûðlâf, and Hengest sylf; hwearf him on lâste. Þâ git Gârulf Gûðere styrode, þät hie swâ freólîc feorh forman sîðe 20 tô þære healle durum hyrsta ne bæran, nu hyt nîða heard ânyman wolde: ac he frägn ofer eal undearninga, deór-môd häleð, hwâ þâ duru heólde. "Sigeferð is mîn nama (cwäð he), ic eom Secgena leód, 25 "wrecca wîde cûð. Fela ic weána gebâd, "heardra hilda; þe is gyt her witod, "swäðer þu sylf tô me sêcean wylle." Þâ wäs on wealle wäl-slihta gehlyn, sceolde cêlod bord cênum on handa 30 bân-helm berstan. Buruh-þelu dynede, ôð þät ät þære gûðe Gârulf gecrang, ealra ærest eorð-bûendra, Gûðlâfes sunu; ymbe hine gôdra fela. Hwearf flacra hræw hräfn, wandrode 35 sweart and sealo-brûn; swurd-leóma stôd swylce eal Finns-buruh fýrenu wære. Ne gefrägn ic næfre wurðlîcor ät wera hilde sixtig sige-beorna sêl gebæran, ne næfre swânas swêtne medo sêl forgyldan, 40 þonne Hnäfe guldon his häg-stealdas. Hig fuhton fîf dagas, swâ hyra nân ne feól driht-gesîða, ac hig þâ duru heóldon. Þâ gewât him wund häleð on wäg gangan, sæde þät his byrne âbrocen wære, 45 here-sceorpum hrôr, and eác wäs his helm þyrl. Þâ hine sôna frägn folces hyrde, hû þâ wîgend hyra wunda genæson oððe hwäðer þæra hyssa . . . . . . .

LIST OF NAMES; NOTES; AND GLOSSARY.

ABBREVIATIONS

m.: masculine. f.: feminine. n.: neuter. nom., gen.: nominative, genitive, etc. w.: weak. w. v.: weak verb. st.: strong. st. v.: strong verb. I., II., III.: first, second, third person. comp.: compound. imper.: imperative. w.: with. instr.: instrumental. G. and Goth.: Gothic. O.N.: Old Norse. O.S.: Old Saxon. O.H.G.: Old High German. M.H.G.: Middle High German.

The vowel ä = _a_ in _glad_ } The diphthong æ = _a_ in _hair_ } approximately.

The names Leo, Bugge, Rieger, etc., refer to authors of emendations.

Words beginning with ge- will be found under their root-word.

Obvious abbreviations, like subj., etc., are not included in this list.

LIST OF NAMES.

Abel, Cain's brother, 108.

Älf-here (gen. Älf-heres, 2605), a kinsman of Wîglâf's, 2605.

Äsc-here, confidential adviser of King Hrôðgâr (1326), older brother of Yrmenlâf (1325), killed by Grendel's mother, 1295, 1324, 2123.

Bân-stân, father of Breca, 524.

Beó-wulf, son of Scyld, king of the Danes, 18, 19. After the death of his father, he succeeds to the throne of the Scyldings, 53. His son is Healfdene, 57.

Beó-wulf (Biówulf, 1988, 2390; gen. Beówulfes, 857, etc., Biówulfes, 2195, 2808, etc.; dat. Beówulfe, 610, etc., Biówulfe, 2325, 2843), of the race of the Geátas. His father is the Wægmunding Ecgþeów (263, etc.); his mother a daughter of Hrêðel, king of the Geátas (374), at whose court he is brought up after his seventh year with Hrêðel's sons, Herebeald, Hæðcyn, and Hygelâc, 2429 ff. In his youth lazy and unapt (2184 f., 2188 f.); as man he attains in the gripe of his hand the strength of thirty men, 379. Hence his victories in his combats with bare hands (711 ff., 2502 ff.), while fate denies him the victory in the battle with swords, 2683 f. His swimming-match with Breca in his youth, 506 ff. Goes with fourteen Geátas to the assistance of the Danish king, Hrôðgâr, against Grendel, 198 ff. His combat with Grendel, and his victory, 711 ff., 819 ff. He is, in consequence, presented with rich gifts by Hrôðgâr, 1021 ff. His combat with Grendel's mother, 1442 ff. Having again received gifts, he leaves Hrôðgâr (1818-1888), and returns to Hygelâc, 1964 ff.--After Hygelâc's last battle and death, he flees alone across the sea, 2360 f. In this battle he crushes Däghrefn, one of the Hûgas, to death, 2502 f. He rejects at the same time Hygelâc's kingdom and the hand of his widow (2370 ff.), but carries on the government as guardian of the young Heardrêd, son of Hygelâc, 2378 ff. After Heardrêd's death, the kingdom falls to Beówulf, 2208, 2390.--Afterwards, on an expedition to avenge the murdered Heardrêd, he kills the Scylfing, Eádgils (2397), and probably conquers his country. --His fight with the drake, 2539 ff. His death, 2818. His burial, 3135 ff.

Breca (acc. Brecan, 506, 531), son of Beánstân, 524. Chief of the Brondings, 521. His swimming-match with Beówulf, 506 ff.

Brondingas (gen. Brondinga, 521), Breca, their chief, 521.

Brosinga mene, corrupted from, or according to Müllenhoff, written by mistake for, Breosinga mene (O.N., Brisinga men, cf. Haupts Zeitschr. XII. 304), collar, which the Brisingas once possessed.

Cain (gen. Caines, 107): descended from him are Grendel and his kin, 107, 1262 ff.

Däg-hrefn (dat. Däghrefne, 2502), a warrior of the Hûgas, who, according to 2504-5, compared with 1203, and with 1208, seems to have been the slayer of King Hygelâc, in his battle against the allied Franks, Frisians, and Hûgas. Is crushed to death by Beówulf in a hand-to-hand combat, 2502 ff.

Dene (gen. Dena, 242, etc., Denia, 2126, Deniga, 271, etc.; dat. Denum, 768, etc.), as subjects of Scyld and his descendants, they are also called Scyldings; and after the first king of the East Danes, Ing (Runenlied, 22), Ing-wine, 1045, 1320. They are also once called Hrêðmen, 445. On account of their renowned warlike character, they bore the names Gâr-Dene, 1, 1857, Hring-Dene (Armor-Danes), 116, 1280, Beorht-Dene, 427, 610. The great extent of this people is indicated by their names from the four quarters of the heavens: Eást-Dene, 392, 617, etc., West-Dene, 383, 1579, Sûð-Dene, 463, Norð-Dene, 784.--Their dwelling-place "in Scedelandum," 19, "on Scedenigge," 1687, "be sæm tweónum," 1686.

Ecg-lâf (gen. Ecglâfes, 499), Hûnferð's father, 499.

Ecg-þeów (nom. Ecgþeów, 263, Ecgþeó, 373; gen. Ecgþeówes, 529, etc., Ecgþiówes, 2000), a far-famed hero of the Geátas, of the house of the Wægmundings. Beówulf is the son of Ecgþeów, by the only daughter of Hrêðel, king of the Geátas, 262, etc. Among the Wylfings, he has slain Heaðolâf (460), and in consequence he goes over the sea to the Danes (463), whose king, Hrôðgâr, by means of gold, finishes the strife for him, 470.

Ecg-wela (gen. Ecg-welan, 1711). The Scyldings are called his descendants, 1711. Grein considers him the founder of the older dynasty of Danish kings, which closes with Heremôd. See Heremôd.

Elan, daughter of Healfdene, king of the Danes, (?) 62. According to the restored text, she is the wife of Ongenþeów, the Scylfing, 62, 63.

Earna-näs, the Eagle Cape in the land of the Geátas, where occurred Beówulf's fight with the drake, 3032.

Eádgils (dat. Eádgilse, 2393), son of Ôhthere, and grandson of Ongenþeów, the Scylfing, 2393. His older brother is

Eánmund (gen. Eánmundes, 2612). What is said about both in our poem (2201-2207, 2380-2397, 2612-2620) is obscure, but the following may be conjectured:--

The sons of Ôhthere, Eánmund and Eádgils, have rebelled against their father (2382), and must, in consequence, depart with their followers from Swiórîce, 2205-6, 2380. They come into the country of the Geátas to Heardrêd (2380), but whether with friendly or hostile intent is not stated; but, according to 2203 f., we are to presume that they came against Heardrêd with designs of conquest. At a banquet (on feorme; or feorme, MS.) Heardrêd falls, probably through treachery, by the hand of one of the brothers, 2386, 2207. The murderer must have been Eánmund, to whom, according to 2613, "in battle the revenge of Weohstân brings death." Weohstân takes revenge for his murdered king, and exercises upon Eánmund's body the booty-right, and robs it of helm, breastplate, and sword (2616-17), which the slain man had received as gifts from his uncle, Onela, 2617-18. But Weohstân does not speak willingly of this fight, although he has slain Onela's brother's son, 2619-20.--After Heardrêd's and Eánmund's death, the descendant of Ongenþeów, Eádgils, returns to his home, 2388. He must give way before Beówulf, who has, since Heardrêd's death, ascended the throne of the Geátas, 2390. But Beówulf remembers it against him in after days, and the old feud breaks out anew, 2392-94. Eádgils makes an invasion into the land of the Geátas (2394-95), during which he falls at the hands of Beówulf, 2397. The latter must have then obtained the sovereignty over the Sweonas (3005-6, where only the version, Scylfingas, can give a satisfactory sense).

Eofor (gen. Eofores, 2487, 2965; dat. Jofore, 2994, 2998), one of the Geátas, son of Wonrêd and brother of Wulf (2965, 2979), kills the Swedish king, Ongenþeów (2487 ff., 2978-82), for which he receives from King Hygelâc, along with other gifts, his only daughter in marriage, 2994-99.

Eormen-rîc (gen. Eormenrîces, 1202), king of the Goths (cf. about him, W. Grimm, Deutsche Heldensage, p. 2, ff.). Hâma has wrested the Brosinga mene from him, 1202.

Eomær, son of Offa and Þryðo (cf. Þryðo), 1961.

Finn (gen. Finnes, 1069, etc.; dat. Finne, 1129), son of Folcwalda (1090), king of the North Frisians, i.e. of the Eotenas, husband of Hildeburg, a daughter of Hôc, 1072, 1077. He is the hero of the inserted poem on the Attack in Finnsburg, the obscure incidents of which are, perhaps, as follows: In Finn's castle, Finnsburg, situated in Jutland (1126-28), the Hôcing, Hnäf, a relative--perhaps a brother--of Hildeburg is spending some time as guest. Hnäf, who is a liegeman of the Danish king, Healfdene, has sixty men with him (Finnsburg, 38). These are treacherously attacked one night by Finn's men, 1073. For five days they hold the doors of their lodging-place without losing one of their number (Finnsburg, 41, 42). Then, however, Hnäf is slain (1071), and the Dane, Hengest, who was among Hnäf's followers, assumes the command of the beleaguered band. But on the attacking side the fight has brought terrible losses to Finn's men. Their numbers are diminished (1081 f.), and Hildeburg bemoans a son and a brother among the fallen (1074 f., cf. 1116, 1119). Therefore the Frisians offer the Danes peace (1086) under the conditions mentioned (1087-1095), and it is confirmed with oaths (1097), and money is given by Finn in propitiation (1108). Now all who have survived the battle go together to Friesland, the homo proper of Finn, and here Hengest remains during the winter, prevented by ice and storms from returning home (Grein). But in spring the feud breaks out anew. Gûðlâf and Oslâf avenge Hnäf's fall, probably after they have brought help from home (1150). In the battle, the hall is filled with the corpses of the enemy. Finn himself is killed, and the queen is captured and carried away, along with the booty, to the land of the Danes, 1147-1160.

Finna land. Beówulf reaches it in his swimming-race with Breca, 580.

Fitela, the son and nephew of the Wälsing, Sigemund, and his companion in arms, 876-890. (Sigemund had begotten Fitela by his sister, Signý. Cf. more at length Leo on Beówulf, p. 38 ff., where an extract from the legend of the Walsungs is given.)

Folc-walda (gen. Folc-waldan, 1090), Finn's father, 1090.

Francan (gen. Francna, 1211; dat. Froncum, 2913). King Hygelâc fell on an expedition against the allied Franks, Frisians, and Hûgas, 1211, 2917.