Part 19

FOCUS, f[=o]'kus, _n._ (_opt._) a point in which several rays meet and are collected after being reflected or refracted, while a _virtual_ focus is a point from which rays tend after reflection or refraction--the _principal_ focus is the focus of parallel rays after reflection or refraction: any central point:--_pl._ F[=O]'CUSES, FOCI (f[=o]'s[=i]).--_v.t._ to bring to a focus: to concentrate:--_pa.p._ f[=o]'cussed.--_adj._ F[=O]'CAL, of or belonging to a focus.--_v.t._ F[=O]'CALISE, to bring to a focus: to concentrate.--_n._ FOCIMETER (f[=o]-sim'e-t[.e]r), an instrument for assisting in focussing an object in or before a photographic camera--usually a lens of small magnifying power.--FOCUSSING CLOTH, a cloth thrown over a photographic camera and the operator's head and shoulders to exclude all light save that coming through the lens.--CONJUGATE FOCI, two points so situated that if a light be placed at one, its rays will be reflected to the other; IN FOCUS, placed or adjusted so as to secure distinct vision, or a sharp, definite image. [L. _focus_, a hearth.]

FODDER, fod'[.e]r, _n._ food for cattle, as hay and straw.--_v.t._ to supply with fodder.--_ns._ FODD'ERER; FODD'ERING. [A.S. _f['o]dor_; Ger. _futter_.]

FODIENT, f[=o]'di-ent, _adj._ and _n._ digging.

FOE, f[=o], _n._ an enemy: one who, or that which, injures or hinders anything: an ill-wisher.--_ns._ FOE'MAN, an enemy in war:--_pl._ FOE'MEN; F[=O]'EN (_Spens._), pl. of foe. [M. E. _foo_--A.S. _f['a]h_, _f['a]_ (adj.), allied to the compound n. _gef['a]_; cf. _f['e]ogan_, to hate.]

FOETUS, FETUS, f[=e]'tus, _n._ the young of animals in the egg or in the womb, after its parts are distinctly formed, until its birth.--_adjs._ FOE'TAL, F[=E]'TAL, pertaining to a foetus; FOE'TICIDAL.--_ns._ FOE'TICIDE, F[=E]'TICIDE, destruction of the foetus. [L., from obs. _feu[=e]re_, to bring forth, whence _femina_, _fecundus_, &c.]

FOG, fog, _n._ a thick mist: watery vapour rising from either land or water.--_v.t._ to shroud in fog.--_v.i._ to become coated with a uniform coating.--_ns._ FOG'-BANK, a dense mass of fog sometimes seen at sea appearing like a bank of land; FOG'-BELL, a bell rung by the motion of the waves or wind to warn sailors from rocks, shoals, &c. in foggy weather.--_adj._ FOG'-BOUND, impeded by fog.--_ns._ FOG'-BOW, a whitish arch like a rainbow, seen in fogs.--_adv._ FOG'GILY.--_n._ FOG'GINESS.--_adj._ FOG'GY, misty: damp: clouded in mind: stupid.--_n._ FOG'-HORN, a horn used as a warning signal by ships in foggy weather: a sounding instrument for warning ships off the shore during a fog: a siren.--_adj._ FOG'LESS, without fog, clear.--_ns._ FOG'-RING, a bank of fog in the form of a ring; FOG'-SIG'NAL, an audible signal used on board ship, &c., during a fog, when visible signals cease to be of use; FOG'-SMOKE, fog. [The origin of the word is hopelessly misty; Mr Bradley connects with succeeding word; Prof. Skeat connects with Dan. _fog_, as in _snee-fog_, thick falling snow; cf. Ice. _fok_, a snowdrift.]

FOG, fog, FOGGAGE, fog'[=a]j, _n._ grass which grows in autumn after the hay is cut: (_Scot._) moss.--_v.i._ to become covered with fog. [Origin unknown; W. _ffwg_, dry grass, is borrowed.]

FOGY, FOGEY, f[=o]'gi, _n._ a dull old fellow; a person with antiquated notions.--_adjs._ F[=O]'GRAM, antiquated.--_n._ a fogy.--_ns._ F[=O]'GRAMITE; FOGRAM'ITY; F[=O]GYDOM.--_adj._ F[=O]'GYISH.--_n._ F[=O]'GYISM. [Prob. a substantive use of _foggy_ in sense of 'fat,' 'bloated,' 'moss-grown.']

FOH, f[=o], _interj._ an exclamation of abhorrence or contempt.

FOIBLE, foi'bl, _n._ a weak point in one's character: a failing. [O. Fr. _foible_, weak.]

FOIL, foil, _v.t._ to defeat: to puzzle: to disappoint: (_Spens._) to beat down or trample with the feet:--_pr.p._ foil'ing; _pa.p._ foiled.--_n._ failure after success seemed certain: defeat: a blunt sword used in fencing, having a button on the point.--PUT TO THE FOIL, to blemish. [O. Fr. _fuler_, to stamp or crush--Low L. _fullare_--_fullo_, a fuller of cloth.]

FOIL, foil, _n._ a leaf or thin plate of metal, as tin-foil: a thin leaf of metal put under precious stones to increase their lustre or change their colour: anything that serves to set off something else: a small arc in the tracery of a window, &c. (_trefoiled_, _cinquefoiled_, _multifoiled_, &c.).--_adj._ FOILED.--_n._ FOIL'ING. [O. Fr. _foil_ (Fr. _feuille_)--L. _folium_, a leaf.]

FOIN, foin, _v.i._ to thrust with a sword or spear.--_n._ a thrust with a sword or spear.--_adv._ FOIN'INGLY. [O. Fr. _foine_--L. _fuscina_, a trident.]

FOISON, foi'zn, _n._ plenty: autumn.--_adj._ FOI'SONLESS, weak, feeble--(_Scot._) FIZZ'ENLESS. [O. Fr.,--L. _fusion-em_--_fund[)e]re_, _fusum_, to pour forth.]

FOIST, foist, _v.t._ to bring in by stealth: to insert wrongfully: to pass off as genuine (with _in_ or _into_ before the thing affected, and _upon_ before the person).--_n._ FOIST'ER. [Prob. Dut. prov. _vuisten_, to take in the hand; _vuist_, fist.]

FOLD, f[=o]ld, _n._ the doubling of any flexible substance: a part laid over on another: (_pl._) complex arrangements, intricacy.--_v.t._ to lay one part over another: to enclose in a fold or folds, to wrap up: to embrace.--FOLD, in composition with numerals=times, as in TEN'FOLD.--_n._ FOLD'ER, the person or thing that folds: a flat knife-like instrument used in folding paper.--_adj._ FOLD'ING, that folds, or that can be folded, as _folding-bed_, _-chair_, _-joint_, _-net_, _-table_, &c.--_ns._ FOLD'ING, a fold or plait; FOLD'ING-DOOR, a door consisting of two parts hung on opposite jambs, so that their edges come into contact when the door is closed; FOLD'ING-MACHINE', a mechanism that automatically folds printed sheets. [A.S. _fealdan_, to fold; pa.t. _fe['o]ld_; Ger. _falten_.]

FOLD, f[=o]ld, _n._ an enclosure for protecting domestic animals, esp. sheep: a flock of sheep: (_fig._) a church: the Christian Church.--_v.t._ to confine in a fold.--_n._ FOLD'ING. [A.S. _fald_, a fold, stall.]

FOLDEROL, fol'de-rol, _n._ mere nonsense: silly trifle: (_pl._) trivial ornaments. [Formed from meaningless syllables, the refrain of old songs.]

FOLIACEOUS, f[=o]-li-[=a]'shus, _adj._ pertaining to or consisting of leaves or laminae. [L. _foliaceus_--_folium_, a leaf.]

FOLIAGE, f[=o]'l[=i]-[=a]j, _n._ leaves: a cluster of leaves: (_archit._) a representation of leaves, flowers, and branches used for ornamentation.--_adjs._ F[=O]'LIAGED, worked like foliage; F[=O]'LIAR, pertaining to leaves: resembling leaves.--_v.t._ F[=O]'LI[=A]TE (_orig._), to beat into a leaf: to cover with leaf-metal.--_adj._ F[=O]'LI[=A]TED, beaten into a thin leaf: decorated with leaf ornaments: (_mus._) having notes added above or below, as in a plain-song melody.--_ns._ F[=O]'LI[=A]TION, the leafing, esp. of plants: the act of beating a metal into a thin plate, or of spreading foil over a piece of glass to form a mirror: (_geol._) the alternating and more or less parallel layers or folia of different mineralogical nature, of which the crystalline schists are composed: (_archit._) decoration with cusps, lobes, or foliated tracery; F[=O]'LIATURE, foliation. [O. Fr. _fueillage_--L. _folium_, a leaf.]

FOLIO, f[=o]'li-[=o], _n._ a sheet of paper once folded: a book of such sheets: the size of such a book: one of several sizes of paper adapted for folding once into well-proportioned leaves: (_book-k._) a page in an account-book, or two opposite pages numbered as one: (_law_) a certain number of words taken as a basis for computing the length of a document: a wrapper for loose papers.--_adj._ pertaining to or containing paper only once folded.--_v.t._ to number the pages of: to mark off the end of every folio in law copying.--IN FOLIO, in sheets folded but once: in the form of a folio. [Abl. of L. _folium_, the leaf of a tree, a leaf or sheet of paper.]

FOLIOLE, f[=o]'li-[=o]l, _n._ (_bot._) a single leaflet of a compound leaf.--_adj._ F[=O]'LIOLATE, of or pertaining to leaflets. [Fr., dim. of L. _folium_, a leaf.]

FOLK, f[=o]k, _n._ people, collectively or distributively: a nation or race (rarely in _pl._): (_arch._) the people, commons: (_pl._) those of one's own family, relations (_coll._):--generally used in _pl._ FOLK or FOLKS (f[=o]ks).--_ns._ FOLKE'THING, the lower house of the Danish parliament or Rigsdag; FOLK'LAND, among the Anglo-Saxons, public land as distinguished from _boc-land_ (bookland)--i.e. land granted to private persons by a written charter; FOLK'LORE, a department of the study of antiquities or archaeology, embracing everything relating to ancient observances and customs, to the notions, beliefs, traditions, superstitions, and prejudices of the common people--the science which treats of the survivals of archaic beliefs and customs in modern ages (the name _Folklore_ was first suggested by W. J. Thoms--'Ambrose Merton'--in the _Athenaeum_, August 22, 1846); FOLK'LORIST, one who studies folklore; FOLK'MOTE, an assembly of the people among the Anglo-Saxons; FOLK'-RIGHT, the common law or right of the people; FOLK'-SONG, any song or ballad originating among the people and traditionally handed down by them: a song written in imitation of such; FOLK'-SPEECH, the dialect of the common people of a country, in which ancient idioms are embedded; FOLK'-TALE, a popular story handed down by oral tradition from a more or less remote antiquity. [A.S. _folc_; Ice. _f['o]lk_; Ger. _volk_.]

FOLLICLE, fol'i-kl, _n._ (_anat._) a gland: (_bot._) a seed-vessel.--_adjs._ FOLLIC'ULAR, pertaining to or consisting of follicles; FOLLIC'ULATED; FOLLIC'ULOUS. [Fr.,--L. _folliculus_, dim. of _follis_, a wind-bag.]

FOLLOW, fol'[=o], _v.t._ to go after or behind: to come after, succeed: to pursue: to attend: to imitate: to obey: to adopt, as an opinion: to keep the eye or mind fixed on: to pursue, as an object of desire: to result from, as an effect from a cause: (_B._) to strive to obtain.--_v.i._ to come after another: to result.--_n._ (_billiards_) a stroke which causes the ball to follow the one which it has struck.--_ns._ FOLL'OW-BOARD, in moulding, the board on which the pattern is laid; FOLL'OWER, one who comes after: a copier: a disciple: a servant-girl's sweetheart; FOLL'OWING, the whole body of supporters.--_adj._ coming next after.--FOLLOW HOME, to follow closely: to follow to the end; FOLLOW ON (_B._), to continue endeavours; FOLLOW SUIT, in card-playing, to play a card of the same suit as the one which was led: to do anything on the same lines as another; FOLLOW UP, to pursue an advantage closely. [A.S. _folgian_, _fylgian_, app. a compound, but obscure; Ger. _folgen_.]

FOLLY, fol'i, _n._ silliness or weakness of mind: a foolish act: criminal weakness: (_B._) sin: a monument of folly, as a great structure left unfinished, having been begun without a reckoning of the cost.--_v.i._ to act with folly. [O. Fr. _folie_--_fol_, foolish.]

FOMENT, fo-ment', _v.t._ to bathe with warm water: to encourage: to instigate (usually to evil).--_ns._ FOMENT[=A]'TION, a bathing or lotion with warm water: encouragement; FOMENT'ER. [Fr.,--L. _foment[=a]re_--_fomentum_ for _fovimentum_--_fov[=e]re_, to warm.]

FOMES, f[=o]'miz, _n._ any porous substance capable of absorbing and retaining contagious effluvia:--_pl._ FOM[=I]'TES. [L., touchwood.]

FON, fon, _n._ (_Spens._) a fool, an idiot.--_v.i._ to be foolish, play the fool.--_adv._ FON'LY, foolishly.

FOND, fond, _adj._ foolishly tender and loving: weakly indulgent: prizing highly (with _of_): very affectionate: kindly disposed: (_obs._) foolish.--_v.i._ to dote.--_v.t._ FOND'LE, to treat with fondness: to caress.--_ns._ FOND'LER; FOND'LING, the person or thing fondled.--_adv._ FOND'LY, in a fond manner, foolishly.--_n._ FOND'NESS. [For _fonned_, pa.p. of M. E. _fonnen_, to act foolishly, _fon_, a fool; fondly conn. by some with Sw. _f[oa]ne_, fool, Ice. _f['a]ni_, swaggerer.]

FOND. See FAND (2).

FONE, f[=o]n, _n._ (_Spens._) _pl._ of _foe_.

FONT, font, _n._ the vessels used in churches as the repository of the baptismal water, usually a basin or cup hollowed out of a solid block of marble, &c.--_adj._ FONT'AL, pertaining to a font or origin.--_ns._ FONT'LET, a little font; FONT'-STONE, a baptismal font of stone. [L. _font-em_, _fons_, a fountain.]

FONT, font, FOUNT, fownt, _n._ a complete assortment of types of one sort, with all that is necessary for printing in that kind of letter. [Fr. _fonte_--_fondre_--L. _fund[)e]re_, to cast.]

FONTANELLE, fon-ta-nel', _n._ a gap between the bones of the skull of a young animal: an opening for the discharge of pus.--Also FONTANEL'. [Fr.]

FONTANGE, fong-tanzh', _n._ a tall head-dress worn in the 17th and 18th centuries. [Fr., from _Fontanges_, the territorial title of one of Louis XIV.'s drabs.]

FONTARABIAN, fon-ta-r[=a]'bi-an, _adj._ pertaining to _Fontarabia_ or Fuenterrabia on the Pyrenees, where Roland was overpowered and slain by the Saracens.

FONTICULUS, fon-tik'[=u]-lus, _n._ a small ulcer produced by caustics, &c.: the depression just over the top of the breast-bone. [L., dim. of _fons_.]

FONTINALIS, fon-tin-[=a]'lis, _n._ a genus of aquatic mosses allied to _Hypnum_, almost without stalk. [Formed from L. _fons_.]

FOOD, f[=oo]d, _n._ what one feeds on: that which, being digested, nourishes the body: whatever sustains or promotes growth.--_adjs._ FOOD'FUL, able to supply food abundantly; FOOD'LESS, without food. [A.S. _f['o]da_; Goth. _f['o]deins_, Sw. _f[:o]da_.]

FOOD, f[=oo]d, _n._ (_Spens._). Same as FEUD.

FOOL, f[=oo]l, _n._ one who acts stupidly: a person of weak mind: a jester: a tool or victim, as of untoward circumstances: (_B._) a wicked person.--_v.t._ to deceive: to treat with contempt.--_v.i._ to play the fool: to trifle.--_adjs._ FOOL'-BEGGED (_Shak._), taken for a fool, idiotical, absurd; FOOL'-BORN (_Shak._), foolish from one's birth, arising from folly.--_n._ FOOL'ERY, an act of folly: habitual folly.--_adj._ FOOL'-HAPP'Y, happy or lucky without contrivance or judgment.--_n._ FOOL'-HARD'INESS--(_Spens._) FOOL'-HARD'ISE.--_adjs._ FOOL'-HARD'Y, foolishly bold: rash or incautious; FOOL'ISH, weak in intellect: wanting discretion: ridiculous: marked with folly: deserving ridicule: (_B._) sinful, disregarding God's laws.--_adv._ FOOL'ISHLY.--_ns._ FOOL'ISHNESS, FOOL'ING, foolery.--_adj._ FOOL'ISH-WIT'TY (_Shak._), wise in folly and foolish in wisdom.--_ns._ FOOL'S'-ERR'AND, a silly or fruitless enterprise: search for what cannot be found; FOOL'S'-PARS'LEY, an umbelliferous plant in Britain, not to be mistaken for parsley, being poisonous.--FOOL AWAY, to spend to no purpose or profit; FOOL'S CAP, a kind of head-dress worn by professional fools or jesters, usually having a cockscomb hood with bells; FOOL'S PARADISE, a state of happiness based on fictitious hopes or expectations; FOOL WITH, to meddle with officiously; MAKE A FOOL OF, to bring a person into ridicule: to disappoint; PLAY THE FOOL, to behave as a fool: to sport. [O. Fr. _fol_ (Fr. _fou_), It. _folle_--L. _follis_, a wind-bag.]

FOOL, f[=oo]l, _n._ crushed fruit scalded or stewed, mixed with cream and sugar, as 'gooseberry fool.' [Prob. a use of preceding suggested by _trifle_.]

FOOLSCAP, f[=oo]lz'kap, _n._ a long folio writing or printing paper, varying in size (17x13-1/2 in., 16-3/4x13-1/2 in., &c.), so called from having originally borne the water-mark of a fool's cap and bells.

FOOT, foot, _n._ that part of its body on which an animal stands or walks (having in man 26 bones): the lower part or base: a measure=12 in., (_orig._) the length of a man's foot: foot-soldiers: a division of a line of poetry:--_pl._ FEET.--_v.i._ to dance: to walk:--_pr.p._ foot'ing; _pa.p._ foot'ed.--_ns._ FOOT'BALL, a large ball for kicking about in sport: play with this ball; FOOT'-BATH, act of bathing the feet: a vessel for this purpose; FOOT'-BOARD, a support for the foot in a carriage or elsewhere: the foot-plate of a locomotive engine; FOOT'BOY, an attendant in livery; FOOT'BREADTH, the breadth of a foot, an area of this size; FOOT'BRIDGE, a narrow bridge for foot-passengers; FOOT'CLOTH (_Shak._), a sumpter-cloth which reached to the feet of the horse.--_p.adj._ FOOT'ED, provided with a foot or feet: (_Shak._) having gained a foothold, established.--_ns._ FOOT'FALL, a setting the foot on the ground: a footstep; FOOT'GEAR, shoes and stockings.--_n.pl._ FOOT'GUARDS, guards that serve on foot, the ['e]lite of the British infantry.--_ns._ FOOT'HILL, a minor elevation distinct from the higher part of a mountain and separating it from the valley (usually in _pl._); FOOT'HOLD, space on which to plant the feet: that which sustains the feet; FOOT'ING, place for the foot to rest on: firm foundation: position: settlement: tread: dance: plain cotton lace.--_adj._ FOOT'LESS, having no feet.--_ns._ FOOT'-LICK'ER (_Shak._), a fawning, slavish flatterer; FOOT'LIGHT, one of a row of lights in front of and on a level with the stage in a theatre, &c.; FOOT'MAN, a servant or attendant in livery: (_B._) a soldier who serves on foot: a runner:--_pl._ FOOT'MEN; FOOT'MARK, FOOT'PRINT, the mark or print of a foot: a track; FOOT'NOTE, a note of reference at the foot of a page; FOOT'PAD, a highwayman or robber on foot, who frequents public paths or roads; FOOT'-PASS'ENGER, one who travels on foot; FOOT'PATH, a narrow way which will not admit carriages; FOOT'-PLATE, the platform on which the driver and stoker of a locomotive engine stand; FOOT'-POST, a post or messenger that travels on foot; FOOT'-POUND, the force needed to raise one pound weight the height of one foot--the usual unit in measuring mechanical force; FOOT'-RACE, a race on foot; FOOT'-ROPE, a rope stretching along under a ship's yard for the men standing on when furling the sails: the rope to which the lower edge of a sail is attached; FOOT'ROT, a name applied to certain inflammatory affections about the feet of sheep; FOOT'RULE, a rule or measure a foot in length; FOOT'-SOL'DIER, a soldier that serves on foot.--_adj._ FOOT'-SORE, having sore or tender feet, as by much walking.--_ns._ FOOT'-STALK (_bot._), the stalk or petiole of a leaf; FOOT'-STALL, a woman's stirrup; FOOT'STEP, the step or impression of the foot: a track: trace of a course pursued.--_n.pl._ FOOT'STEPS, course, example.--_ns._ FOOT'STOOL, a stool for placing one's feet on when sitting: anything trodden upon; FOOT'-WARM'ER, a contrivance for keeping the feet warm; FOOT'WAY, a path for passengers on foot.--_p.adj._ FOOT'WORN, worn by many feet, as a stone: foot-sore.--FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE (see MURRAIN).--FOOT IT, to walk: to dance.--COVER THE FEET (_B._), a euphemism for, to ease nature.--PUT ONE'S BEST FOOT FOREMOST, to appear at greatest advantage; PUT ONE'S FOOT IN IT, to spoil anything by some indiscretion; SET ON FOOT, to originate. [A.S. _f['o]t_, pl. _f['e]t_; Ger. _fuss_, L. _pes_, _pedis_, Gr. _pous_, _podos_, Sans. _p[=a]d_.]

FOOTY, foot'i, _adj._ (_prov._) mean.--Also FOUGHT'Y. [Prob. an A.S. _f['u]htig_; cog. with Dut. _vochtig_.]

FOOZLE, f[=oo]z'l, _n._ (_coll._) a tedious fellow: a bungled stroke at golf, &c.--_v.i._ to fool away one's time.--_n._ FOOZ'LER.--_p.adj._ FOOZ'LING. [Cf. Ger. prov. _fuseln_, to work slowly.]

FOP, fop, _n._ an affected dandy.--_ns._ FOP'LING, a vain affected person; FOP'PERY, vanity in dress or manners: affectation: folly.--_adj._ FOP'PISH, vain and showy in dress: affectedly refined in manners.--_adv._ FOP'PISHLY.--_n._ FOP'PISHNESS. [Cf. Ger. _foppen_, to hoax.]

FOR, for, _prep._ in the place of: for the sake of: on account of: in the direction of: with respect to, by reason of: appropriate or adapted to, or in reference to: beneficial to: in quest of: notwithstanding, in spite of: in recompense of: during.--FOR ALL (_N.T._), notwithstanding; FOR IT, to be done for the case, usually preceded by a negative; FOR TO (_B._), in order to.--AS FOR, as far as concerns. [A.S. _for_; Ger. _f[:u]r_, _vor_, akin to L. and Gr. _pro_, Sans. _pra_, before in place or time.]

FOR, for, _conj._ the word by which a reason is introduced: because: on the account that.--FOR BECAUSE and FOR THAT=because; FOR WHY=why.

FORAGE, for'aj, _n._ fodder, or food for horses and cattle: provisions: the act of foraging.--_v.i._ to go about and forcibly carry off food for horses and cattle, as soldiers.--_v.t._ to plunder.--_ns._ FOR'AGE-CAP, the undress cap worn by infantry soldiers; FOR'AGER. [Fr. _fourrage_, O. Fr. _feurre_, fodder, of Teut. origin.]

FORAMEN, fo-r[=a]'men, _n._ a small opening:--_pl._ FORAM'INA.--_adjs._ FORAM'INATED, FORAM'INOUS, pierced with small holes: porous.--_n.pl._ FORAMINIF'ERA, an order of _Rhizopoda_, furnished with a shell or test, usually perforated by pores (_foramina_).--_n._ FORAMIN'IFER, one of such.--_adjs._ FORAMINIF'ERAL, FORAMINIF'EROUS.--FOR[=A]MEN MAGNUM, the great hole in the occipital bone for the passage of the medulla oblongata and its membranes. [L.,--_for[=a]re_, to pierce.]

FORASMUCH, for'az-much, _conj._ because that.

FORAY, for'[=a], _n._ a sudden incursion into an enemy's country.--_v.t._ to ravage.--_n._ FOR'AYER. [Ety. obscure, but ult. identical with _forage_ (q.v.).]

FORBADE, for-bad', _pa.t._ of _forbid_.

FORBEAR, for-b[=a]r', _v.i._ to keep one's self in check: to abstain.--_v.t._ to abstain from: to avoid voluntarily: to spare, to withhold.--_n._ FORBEAR'ANCE, exercise of patience: command of temper: clemency.--_adjs._ FORBEAR'ANT, FORBEAR'ING, long-suffering: patient.--_adv._ FORBEAR'INGLY. [A.S. _forberan_, pa.t. _forbaer_, pa.p. _forboren_. See pfx. _for-_ and _bear_.]

FORBID, for-bid', _v.t._ to prohibit: to command not to do: (_Shak._) to restrain.--_n._ FORBID'DANCE, prohibition: command or edict against a thing.--_adj._ FORBID'DEN, prohibited: unlawful.--_adv._ FORBID'DENLY (_Shak._), in a forbidden or unlawful manner.--_adj._ FORBID'DING, repulsive: raising dislike: unpleasant.--_adv._ FORBID'DINGLY.--_n._ FORBID'DINGNESS.--FORBIDDEN, or PROHIBITED, DEGREES, degrees of consanguinity within which marriage is not allowed; FORBIDDEN FRUIT, or _Adam's apple_, a name fancifully given to the fruit of various species of Citrus, esp. to one having tooth-marks on its rind. [A.S. _forb['e]odan_, pa.t. _forb['e]ad_, pa.p. _forboden_. See pfx. _for-_, and _bid_; cf. Ger. _verbieten_.]

FORBORE, for-b[=o]r', _pa.t._ of _forbear_.--_pa.p._ FORBORNE'.

FORBY, for-b[=i]', _prep._ (_Spens._) near, past: (_Scot._) besides.

FORCAT, for-s[:a]', _n._ in France, a convict condemned to hard labour. [Fr.]

[Illustration]

FORCE, f[=o]rs, _n._ strength, power, energy: efficacy: validity: influence: vehemence: violence: coercion or compulsion: military or naval strength (often in _pl._): an armament: (_mech._) any cause which changes the direction or speed of the motion of a portion of matter.--_v.t._ to draw or push by main strength: to compel: to constrain: to compel by strength of evidence: to take by violence: to ravish: (_hort._) to cause to grow or ripen rapidly: to compel one's partner at whist to trump a trick by leading a card of a suit of which he has none: to make a player play so as to reveal the strength of his hand.--_v.i._ to strive: to hesitate.--_p._ and _adj._ FORCED, accomplished by great effort, as a forced march: strained, excessive, unnatural.--_n._ FORC'EDNESS, the state of being forced: distortion.--_adj._ FORCE'FUL, full of force or might: driven or

## acting with power: impetuous.--_adv._ FORCE'FULLY.--_adj._ FORCE'LESS,

weak.--_ns._ FORCE'-PUMP, FORC'ING-PUMP, a pump which delivers the water under pressure through a side-pipe; FORC'ER, the person or thing that forces, esp. the piston of a force-pump.--_adj._ FORC'IBLE, active: impetuous: done by force: efficacious: impressive.--_adj._ and _n._ FORC'IBLE-FEE'BLE, striving to look strong while really weak.--_n._ FORC'IBLENESS.--_adv._ FORC'IBLY.--_ns._ FORC'ING (_hort._), the art of hastening the growth of plants; FORC'ING-HOUSE, a hothouse for forcing plants; FORC'ING-PIT, a frame sunk in the ground over a hotbed for forcing plants.--FORCE AND FEAR (_Scot._), that amount of constraint or compulsion which is enough to annul an engagement or obligation entered into under its influence; FORCE THE PACE, to keep the speed up to a high pitch by emulation with one not competing for a place: to hasten unduly, or by any expedient; FORCIBLE DETAINER, and ENTRY, detaining property or forcing an entry into it by violence or intimidation. [Fr.,--Low L., _fortia_--L. _fortis_, strong.]

FORCE, f[=o]rs, FOSS, fos, _n._ a waterfall. [Ice. _foss_, _fors_.]

FORCE, f[=o]rs, _v.t._ (_cook._) to stuff, as a fowl.--_n._ FORCE'MEAT, meat chopped fine and highly seasoned, used as a stuffing or alone. [A corr. of _farce_.]

FORCEPS, for'seps, _n._ a pair of tongs, pincers, or pliers for holding anything difficult to be held with the hand.--_adj._ FOR'CIP[=A]TED, formed and opening like a forceps.--_n._ FORCIP[=A]'TION, torture by pinching with forceps. [L., from _formus_, hot, and _cap[)e]re_, to hold.]

FORD, f[=o]rd, _n._ a place where water may be crossed on foot: a stream where it may be crossed.--_v.t._ to cross water on foot.--_adj._ FORD'ABLE. [A.S. _ford_--_faran_, to go; Ger. _furt_--_fahren_, to go on foot; akin to Gr. _poros_, and to Eng. _fare_, _ferry_, and _far_.]

FORDO, for-d[=oo]', _v.t._ (_arch._) to ruin: to overcome, to exhaust:--_pr.p._ fordo'ing; _pa.t._ fordid'; _pa.p._ fordone'. [A.S. _f[=o]rd['o]n_; Ger. _verthun_, to consume.]

FORE, f[=o]r, _adj._ in front of: advanced in position: coming first.--_adv._ at the front: in the first part: previously: (_golf_) a warning cry to any person in the way of the ball to be played.--FORE AND AFT, lengthwise of a ship.--AT THE FORE, displayed on the foremast (of a flag); TO THE FORE, forthcoming: (_Scot._) in being, alive. [A.S. _fore_, radically the same as _for_, prep.--to be distinguished from pfx. _for-_ (Ger. _ver-_ in _vergessen_, L. _per_).]

FORE-ADMONISH, f[=o]r-ad-mon'ish, _v.t._ to admonish beforehand.

FORE-ADVISE, f[=o]r-ad-v[=i]z', _v.t._ to advise beforehand.

FOREANENT, f[=o]r-a-nent', _prep._ (_Scot._), opposite to.

FOREARM, f[=o]r'[:a]rm, _n._ the part of the arm between the elbow and the wrist.

FOREARM, f[=o]r-[:a]rm', _v.t._ to arm or prepare beforehand.

FOREBEAR, f[=o]r-b[=a]r', _n._ (_Scot._) an ancestor, esp. in _pl._

FOREBODE, f[=o]r-b[=o]d', _v.t._ to feel a secret sense of something future, esp. of evil.--_ns._ FOREBODE'MENT, feeling of coming evil; FOREBOD'ER; FOREBOD'ING, a boding or perception beforehand; apprehension of coming evil.--_adv._ FOREBOD'INGLY.

FORE-BODY, f[=o]r'-bod'i, _n._ the part of a ship in front of the mainmast.

FORE-BRACE, f[=o]r'-br[=a]s, _n._ a rope attached to the fore yard-arm, for changing the position of the foresail.

FORE-BY, f[=o]r-b[=i]' (_Spens._). Same as FORBY.

FORECABIN, f[=o]r-kab'in, _n._ a cabin in the forepart of the vessel.

FORECAST, f[=o]r-kast', _v.t._ to contrive or reckon beforehand: to foresee: to predict.--_v.i._ to form schemes beforehand.--_ns._ FORE'CAST, a previous contrivance: foresight: a prediction; FORECAST'ER.