Part 56

JILT, jilt, _n._ a woman who encourages a lover and then rejects him.--_v.t._ to encourage and then discard a lover. [Formerly _jillet_, dim. of _Jill_.]

JIMCRACK. See GIMCRACK.

JIM CROW, jim kr[=o], _n._ one of the earliest negro-minstrel songs: a kind of generic name for the negro.

JIM-CROW, jim'-kr[=o], _n._ a tool for bending or straightening iron rails or bars.

JIMMY, jim'i, _n._ (_U.S._) a coal-car.

JIMP, jimp, _adj._ (_Scot._) slender, elegant.--_adv._ JIMP, JIMP'LY, neatly, hardly.--_adj._ JIMP'Y, neat.

JIMSON-WEED. See STRAMONIUM.

JINGAL, jing'gal, _n._ a large Chinese swivel-musket.

JINGLE, jing'l, _n._ a clinking sound: that which makes a rattling sound: a correspondence of sounds: a covered two-wheeled car.--_v.i._ to sound with a jingle.--_ns._ JING'LE-JANG'LE, a jingling sound; JING'LET, a ball serving as the clapper of a sleigh-bell; J[=I]NG'LING, a game in which blindfolded players within a ring try to catch a player with a bell tied to him. [Imit.]

JINGO, jing'g[=o], _n._ a name used in the expletives, 'By Jingo!' 'By the living Jingo!' From its occurrence in a music-hall song of 1878 that conveyed a threat against Russia, Jingo has come to mean a British Chauvinist.--_adjs._ JING'O, JING'OISH.--_n._ JING'OISM. [Often fearlessly derived from Basque _Jinkoa_, _Jainko_, God; no doubt conn. somehow with St _Gengulphus_ (died May 11, 760).]

JINK, jingk, _v.i._ (_Scot._) to move nimbly, to dodge.--_v.t._ to elude: to cheat.--_n._ a quick, illusory turn.

JINN, jin, _n.pl._ (sing. JIN'NEE) a class of spirits in Mohammedan mythology, formed of fire, living chiefly on the mountains of K['a]f which encircle the world, assuming various shapes, sometimes as men of enormous size and portentous hideousness.--Also DJINN, GINN. The _jinn_ are often called _genii_ by a confusion. A plural JINNS is sometimes erroneously used. [Ar. _jinn_, pl. _jinn[=i]y_.]

JINRIKISHA, jin-rik'i-sh[:a], _n._ a small, two-wheeled hooded carriage drawn by men. [Jap. _jin_, man, _riki_, power, _sha_, carriage.]

JOB, job, _n._ a sudden stroke or stab with a pointed instrument like a beak.--_v.t._ to strike or stab suddenly:--_pr.p._ job'bing; _pa.p._ jobbed. [Gael. _gob_, W. _gwp_, a bird's beak; conn. with _gobble_, _job_.]

JOB, job, _n._ any piece of work, esp. of a trifling or temporary nature: miscellaneous printing-work: any undertaking with a view to profit: a mean transaction, in which private gain is sought under pretence of public service.--_adj._ of a particular job or transaction, assigned to a special use: bought or sold lumped together.--_v.i._ to work at jobs: to buy and sell as a broker: to hire or let out by the week or month, esp. horses.--_ns._ JOB'BER, one who jobs: one who buys and sells, as a broker or middleman: one who turns official actions to private advantage: one who engages in a mean lucrative affair; JOB'BERY, jobbing: unfair means employed to procure some private end; JOB'-MAS'TER, a livery-stable keeper who jobs out horses and carriages.--A BAD JOB, an unfortunate affair; ODD JOBS, occasional pieces of work. [Formerly _gob_--O. Fr. _gob_, a mouthful; from the same Celtic root as _gobble_.]

JOB, j[=o]b, _n._ a monument of patience--from _Job_ in Scripture.--_n._ JOB[=A]'TION, a tedious scolding.--JOB'S COMFORTER, one who aggravates the distress of an unfortunate man he has come to comfort; JOB'S NEWS, bad news; JOB'S POST, the bearer of bad news.

JOCKEY, jok'i, _n._ a man (orig. a boy) who rides horses in a race: a horse-dealer: one who takes undue advantage in business.--_v.t._ to jostle by riding against: to cheat.--_ns._ JOCK'EYISM, JOCK'EYSHIP, the art or practice of a jockey.--JOCKEY CLUB, an association for the promotion and ordering of horse-racing. [Dim. of _Jock_, northern Eng. for _Jack_.]

JOCKTELEG, jok'te-leg, _n._ (_Scot._) a large clasp-knife. [Cf. _jack-knife_.]

JOCOSE, jo-k[=o]s', _adj._ full of jokes: humorous: merry.--_adv._ JOCOSE'LY.--_ns._ JOCOSE'NESS, JOCOS'ITY, the quality of being jocose.--_adj._ JOCO-S[=E]'RIOUS, half in jest, half in earnest. [L. _jocosus_--_jocus_, a joke.]

JOCULAR, jok'[=u]-lar, _adj._ given to jokes: humorous: droll: laughable.--_n._ JOCULAR'ITY.--_adv._ JOC'ULARLY.--_n._ JOCUL[=A]'TOR, a professional jester or minstrel.--_adj._ JOC'UL[=A]TORY. [L. _jocularis_--_jocus_.]

JOCUND, jok'und, _adj._ in a jocose humour: merry: cheerful: pleasant.--_ns._ JOCUND'ITY, JOCUND'NESS.--_adv._ JOC'UNDLY. [Fr.,--L. _jocundus_--_jocus_.]

JODEL, j[=o]'del, _v.i._ to sing with the falsetto voice in harmonic progressions.--Also _n._ [Swiss.]

JOE, j[=o], JOEY, j[=o]'i, _n._ (_slang_) a fourpenny-bit--from _Joseph_ Hume, M.P., their author, 1836.--JOE MILLER, an old or stale jest, a jest-book; JOE MILLERISM, the habit of retailing stale jests--from _Joe Miller_ (1684-1738), a comedian but notoriously dull fellow, whose name was attached to a collection in 1739.

JOE, or JO, j[=o], _n._ (_Scot._) a sweetheart.

JOG, jog, _v.t._ to shake: to push with the elbow or hand, to stimulate, stir up, as the memory.--_v.i._ to move by jogs: to travel slowly:--_pr.p._ jog'ging; _pa.p._ jogged.--_n._ a slight shake: a push.--_ns._ JOG'GER (_Dryden_), one who moves slowly and heavily; JOG'TROT, a slow jogging trot.--BE JOGGING, to move on, to depart. [A weakened form of _shock_.]

JOGGLE, jog'l, _n._ a notch in joints adapted in fitting stones or pieces of timber together to keep them from sliding. [Dim. of _jog_, to push.]

JOGGLE, jog'l, _v.t._ to jog or shake slightly: to jostle.--_v.i._ to shake:--_pr.p._ jogg'ling; _pa.p._ jogg'led. [Dim. of _jog_.]

JOHANNES, j[=o]-han'[=e]z, _n._ an old Portuguese gold coin.--Also JOANN'ES.

JOHANNINE, j[=o]-an'n[=i]n, _adj._ pertaining to St John.--Also JOHAN'N[=E]AN. [L. _Joannes_.]

JOHANNISBERGER, j[=o]-h[:a]n'nis-b[.e]r-g[.e]r, _n._ a white Rhenish wine grown at _Johannisberg_ ('St John's Mountain'), near Wiesbaden.

JOHN, jon, _n._ a proper name, one of whose diminutives, JOHN'NY, is sometimes used in slang for a simpleton or a fellow generally.--_ns._ JOHN'-A-DREAMS' (_Shak._), a dreamy fellow; JOHN'IAN, a member of St John's College, Cambridge; JOHN'NY-CAKE, a cake of Indian meal toasted; JOHN'NY-RAW, a beginner.--JOHN BULL, a generic name for an Englishman from Arbuthnott's _History of John Bull_, 1712; JOHN BULLISM, the typical English character, or any act or word expressive of it; JOHN CHINAMAN, a Chinaman, the Chinese collectively; JOHN COMPANY, an old colloquial name for the Honourable East India Company; JOHN DORY (see DORY); JOHN THOMAS, a generic name for a flunkey.

JOHNSONIANISM, jon-s[=o]'ni-an-izm, _n._ a peculiarity of Dr _Johnson_, the lexicographer (1709-83)--also JOHN'SONISM.--_n._ JOHN'SONESE, the Johnsonian style, or an imitation of it--ponderous English, full of words of classical origin.

JOIN, join, _v.t._ to connect: to unite: to associate: to add or annex.--_v.i._ to be connected with: to grow together: to be in close contact: to unite (_with_).--_ns._ JOIND'ER, joining; JOIN'ER, one who joins or unites: a carpenter; JOIN'ERY, the art of the joiner; JOIN'-HAND, running hand; JOIN'ING, the act of joining: a seam: a joint; JOINT, a joining: the place where, or mode in which, two or more things join, as two rails, two pieces of timber connected by mortises and tenons, &c.: the flexible hinge of cloth or leather connecting the back of a book with its sides: (_geol._) a crack intersecting a mass of rock: a knot: a hinge: a seam: a place of resort for tramps: (_U.S._) an opium-den: the place where two bones are joined: (_cook._) the part of the limb of an animal cut off at the joint.--_adj._ joined, united, or combined: shared among more than one.--_v.t._ to unite by joints: to fit closely: to provide with joints: to cut into joints, as an animal.--_v.i._ to fit like joints.--_adj._ JOINT'ED, having joints.--_ns._ JOINT'ER, the largest kind of plane used by a joiner: a bent piece of iron for riveting two stones together; JOINT'ING-RULE, a long, straight-edged rule used by bricklayers for keeping their work even.--_adv._ JOINT'LY, in a joint manner: unitedly or in combination: together.--_ns._ JOINT'-OIL, the synovia, a viscid secretion for lubricating the articular surfaces; JOINT'-STOCK, stock held jointly or in company; JOINT'-STOOL (_Shak._), a stool made of parts inserted in each other; JOINT'-TEN'ANCY, the ownership of land or goods along with one or more persons; JOINT'-TEN'ANT, one who is owner of land or goods along with others; JOINT'URE, property joined to or settled on a woman at marriage to be enjoyed after her husband's death.--_v.t._ to settle a jointure upon.--_ns._ JOINT'[=U]RESS, JOIN'TRESS, a woman on whom a jointure is settled.--JOIN BATTLE, to engage in battle.--OUT OF JOINT, dislocated, (_fig._) disordered; PUT ONE'S NOSE OUT OF JOINT, to supplant in another's love or confidence; SECOND JOINT, the middle piece of a fly fishing-rod: the thigh of a fowl--opp. to the leg or drumstick, the first joint; UNIVERSAL JOINT, a contrivance by which one part of a machine is able to move freely in all directions, as in the ball-and-socket joint. [O. Fr. _joindre_--L. _jung[)e]re_, _junctum_.]

JOIST, joist, _n._ the timbers to which the boards of a floor or the laths of a ceiling are nailed.--_v.t._ to fit with joists. [O. Fr. _giste_--_gesir_--L. _jac[=e]re_, to lie.]

JOKE, j[=o]k, _n._ a jest: a witticism: something witty or sportive: anything said or done to excite a laugh.--_v.t._ to cast jokes at: to banter: to make merry with.--_v.i._ to jest: to be merry: to make sport.--_n._ JOK'ER, one who jokes or jests: a card, generally the highest trump, at euchre.--_adv._ JOK'INGLY, in a joking manner. [L. _jocus_.]

JOLE, another form of _jowl_.

JOLE, JOLL, j[=o]l, _v.t._ (_Shak._) to beat against anything, to clash with violence.

JOLLY, jol'i, _adj._ merry: expressing or exciting mirth, jovial: comely, robust.--_n._ JOLLIFIC[=A]'TION, a making jolly: noisy festivity and merriment.--_adv._ JOLL'ILY.--_ns._ JOLL'IMENT (_Spens._), merriment; JOLL'ITY, JOLL'INESS.--_adv._ JOLL'Y (_coll._), uncommonly. [O. Fr. _jolif_, _joli_--Ice. _jol_, Yule.]

JOLLYBOAT, jol'i-b[=o]t, _n._ a small boat belonging to a ship. [Dan. _jolle_, a boat, and Eng. _boat_.]

JOLT, j[=o]lt, _v.i._ to shake with sudden jerks.--_v.t._ to shake with a sudden shock.--_n._ a sudden jerk.--_ns._ JOLT'ER; JOLT'-HEAD, JOLT'ERHEAD, a blockhead.--_adv._ JOLT'INGLY, in a jolting manner. [Old form _joll_, prob. conn. with _jowl_.]

JONAH, j[=o]'n[:a], _n._ an unlucky passenger on shipboard or elsewhere--from the prophet _Jonah_.

JONATHAN, jon'a-than, _n._ the people of the United States, collectively, or a typical specimen, BROTHER JONATHAN. [Perh. from the sagacious Governor _Jonathan_ Trumbull, 1710-85.]

JONGLEUR, zhong'gler, _n._ a minstrel: a mountebank. [O. Fr. _jogleor_--L. _joculator_; cf. _Juggler_.]

JONQUIL, jon'kwil, _n._ a name given to certain species of narcissus with rush-like leaves.--Also JON'QUILL. [Fr. _jonquille_--L. _juncus_, a rush.]

JORDAN, jor'dan, _n._ (_Shak._) a chamber-pot. [_Jordan_-bottle, a pilgrim's bottle containing _Jordan_ water.]

JORUM, j[=o]'rum, _n._ a drinking bowl or vessel, also its contents.--Also J[=O]'RAM. [Ety. unknown.]

JOSEPH, j[=o]'zef, _n._ one whose chastity is above temptation--from the story of _Joseph_ and Potiphar's wife in Gen. xxxix.: a caped overcoat worn by women in the 18th century for riding--in allusion to _Joseph's_ coat, Gen. xxxvii. 3.

JOSKIN, jos'kin, _n._ a clown, yokel. [Thieves' cant.]

JOSS, jos, _n._ a Chinese idol.--_ns._ JOSS'-HOUSE, a temple; JOSS'-STICK, a stick of gum burned as incense to their gods. [Pidgin-English corr. of the Port. _deos_, god.]

JOSS-BLOCK, jos'-blok, _n._ (_prov._) a horse-block.

JOSTLE, jos'l, _v.t._ to joust or strike against: to drive against. [Freq. of _joust_.]

JOT, jot, _n._ the least quantity assignable.--_v.t._ to set down briefly: to make a memorandum of:--_pr.p._ jot'ting; _pa.p._ jot'ted.--_ns._ JOT'TER, one who jots: a book for memoranda; JOT'TING, a memorandum. [L.,--Gr. _i[=o]ta_--Heb. _y[=o]dh_, the smallest letter in the alphabet, Eng. _i_.]

JOTUN, y[=o]'tun, _n._ a giant. [Ice. _j[:o]tunn_.]

[Illustration]

JOUGS, joogz, _n._ an iron neck-ring that constituted the old Scottish pillory. [O. Fr. _joug_, a yoke--L. _jugum_.]

JOUISANCE, j[=oo]'is-ans, _n._ (_Spens._) joyousness. [Fr.,--_jouir_, to enjoy--L. _gaud[=e]re_, to rejoice.]

JOUK, JOOK, j[=oo]k, _v.i._ (_Scot._) to duck or dodge: to bow.--_ns._ JOUK'ERY, JOOK'ERY, trickery; JOUK'ERY-PAWK'ERY, low cunning, trickery.

JOULE, j[=oo]l, _n._ the practical unit of electrical energy. [After James Prescott _Joule_ (1818-89).]

JOUNCE, jowns, _v.t._ and _v.i._ to jolt, shake.

JOURNAL, jur'nal, _n._ a daily register or diary: a book containing an account of each day's transactions: a newspaper published daily or otherwise: a magazine: the transactions of any society.--_n._ JOURNALESE', the language of journalism.--_v.i._ JOUR'NAL[=I]SE, to write articles for a journal.--_v.t._ to enter in a journal:--_pr.p._ jour'nal[=i]sing; _pa.p._ jour'nal[=i]sed.--_ns._ JOUR'NALISM, the keeping of a journal: the profession of conducting or writing for public journals; JOUR'NALIST, one who writes for or conducts a newspaper.--_adj._ JOURNALIST'IC, pertaining to journalism. [Fr.,--L. _diurnalis_.]

JOURNAL, jur'nal, _n._ (_mech._) that part of a shaft or axle which rests in the bearings.--_v.t._ to insert, as a shaft, in a journal-bearing.

JOURNEY, jur'ni, _n._ any travel: tour: excursion: the weight of finished coins delivered at one time to the Master of the Mint--also JOUR'NEY-WEIGHT.--_v.i._ JOUR'NEY, to travel:--_pr.p._ jour'neying; _pa.p._ jour'neyed (-nid).--_adj._ JOUR'NEY-BAT'ED (_Shak._), wayworn.--_ns._ JOUR'NEYMAN, one who works by the day: any hired workman: one whose apprenticeship is completed; JOUR'NEY-WORK, work done by a journeyman or for hire. [Fr. _journ['e]e_--_jour_, a day--L. _diurnus_.]

JOUST, j[=oo]st, JUST, just, _n._ the encounter of two knights on horseback at a tournament.--_v.i._ to run in the tilt. [O. Fr. _jouste_, _joste_--L. _juxta_, nigh to.]

JOVIAL, j[=o]'vi-al, _adj._ joyous: full of mirth and happiness.--_ns._ JOVE, Jupiter; JOVIAL'ITY, J[=O]'VIALNESS, quality of being jovial.--_adv._ J[=O]'VIALLY. [L.,--_Jupiter_, _Jovis_, Jupiter, an auspicious star.]

JOW, jow, _v.t._ and _v.i._ (_Scot._) to ring, toll.--_n._ a stroke of a bell.

JOWL, jowl, _n._ the jaw or cheek.--_n._ JOWL'ER, a heavy-jawed hound. [M. E. forms are _chol_, _chaul_, corr. from _chavel_, and this again from A.S. _ceafl_, the jaw.]

JOWL, j[=o]l, _v.t._ (_Shak._). Same as JOLE, to beat.

JOWTER, jow't[.e]r, _n._ a fish-hawker.--Also JOW'DER. [Prob. a form of _jolter_.]

JOY, joi, _n._ gladness: rapture, mirth: the cause of joy.--_v.i._ to rejoice: to be glad: to exult:--_pr.p._ joy'ing; _pa.p._ joyed.--_v.t._ JOY (_Milt._), to enjoy.--_n._ JOY'ANCE (_Spens._), gaiety, festivity.--_adj._ JOY'FUL, full of joy: very glad, happy, or merry.--_adv._ JOY'FULLY.--_n._ JOY'FULNESS.--_adj._ JOY'LESS, without joy: not giving joy.--_adv._ JOY'LESSLY.--_n._ JOY'LESSNESS.--_adj._ JOY'OUS, full of joy, happiness, or merriment.--_adv._ JOY'OUSLY.--_n._ JOY'OUSNESS.--THE SEVEN JOYS OF THE VIRGIN:--the Annunciation, the Visitation, the Nativity, the Adoration of the three wise men, the Presentation in the Temple, the Discovery of the child in the Temple amidst the doctors, her Assumption and Coronation. [Fr. _joie_ (It. _gioja_)--L. _gaudium_--_gaud[=e]re_, to rejoice.]

JUBA, j[=oo]'ba, _n._ a negro breakdown or rustic dance, in which the spectators clap hands, slap their thighs, and sing verses with _juba_ as a refrain.

JUBATE, j[=oo]'b[=a]t, _adj._ having a mane.

JUBBAH, jub'a, _n._ a long loose outer garment worn by Mohammedans in India, &c.

JUBE, j[=oo]'b[=e], _n._ the rood-loft or gallery over the entrance to the choir of a church. [L., imperat. of _jub[=e]re_, to command.]

JUBILANT, j[=oo]'bi-lant, _adj._ shouting for joy: rejoicing: uttering songs of triumph.--_n._ JU'BILANCE, exultation.--_adv._ JUBILANTLY.--_v.i._ JU'BILATE, to exult, rejoice.--_ns._ JUBIL[=A]'T[=E], the third Sunday after Easter, so called because the Church Service began on that day with the 66th Psalm, 'Jubilate Deo,' &c.: also the 100th Psalm, which in the English Prayer-Book is a canticle used as an alternative for the Benedictus; JUBIL[=A]'TION, a shouting for joy: the declaration of triumph. [L. _jubil[=a]re_, to shout for joy. Not conn. with _Jubilee_.]

JUBILEE, j[=oo]'bi-l[=e], _n._ the year of release among the Jews every fiftieth year, proclaimed by the sound of a trumpet: the celebration of a fiftieth anniversary--e.g. of a king's accession, a bishop's consecration, &c.: in the R.C. Church, a year (every twenty-fifth--_Ordinary jubilee_) of indulgence for pilgrims and others, an _Extraordinary jubilee_ being specially appointed by the Pope: any season of great public joy and festivity. [Fr. _jubil['e]_--L. _jubilaeus_--Heb. _y[=o]bel_, a trumpet, the blast of a trumpet.]

JUD, jud, _n._ a mass of coal holed or undercut so as to be thrown down by wedges.

JUDAIC, -AL, j[=oo]-d[=a]'ik, -al, _adj._ pertaining to the Jews.--_adv._ JUD[=A]'ICALLY.--_n._ JUDAIS[=A]'TION.--_v.t._ JU'DA[=I]SE, to conform to or practise Judaism.--_ns._ JUDA[=I]'SER; JU'DAISM, the doctrines and rites of the Jews: conformity to the Jewish rites; JU'DAIST, one who holds the doctrines of Judaism.--_adj._ JUDAIST'IC, pertaining to Judaism.--_adv._ JUDAIST'ICALLY. [L. _Judaicus_--_Juda_, Judah, a son of Israel.]

JUDAS, j[=oo]'das, _n._ a traitor: an opening in a jail-door, &c.--_adj._ JU'DAS-COL'OURED, red of hair--_Judas_ traditionally being red-haired.--_ns._ JU'DAS-HOLE, a small hole in a door for watching; JU'DAS-KISS, any act of treachery under the guise of kindness (Matt. xxvi. 48, 49); JU'DAS-TREE, a tree with rose-coloured flowers that appear before the leaves--_Judas_ having hanged himself on one.

JUDEAN, j[=oo]-d[=e]'an, _adj._ belonging to _Judea_.--_n._ a native of Judea.

JUDGE, juj, _v.i._ to point out or declare what is just or law: to hear and decide: to pass sentence: to compare facts to determine the truth: to form or pass an opinion: to distinguish.--_v.t._ to hear and determine authoritatively: to sentence: to decide the merits of: to be censorious towards: to consider: (_B._) to condemn.--_n._ one who judges: a civil officer who hears and settles any cause: an arbitrator: one who can decide upon the merit of anything: in Jewish history, a supreme magistrate having civil and military powers: (_pl._) title of 7th book of the Old Testament.--_ns._ JUDGE'SHIP, the office of a judge; JUDG'MENT, act of judging: the comparing of ideas to elicit truth: faculty by which this is done, the reason: opinion formed: taste: sentence: condemnation: doom; JUDG'MENT-DAY, the day on which God will pronounce final judgment on mankind; JUDG'MENT-DEBT, a debt evidenced by legal record; JUDG'MENT-HALL, a hall where a court of justice meets; JUDG'MENT-SEAT, seat or bench in a court from which judgment is pronounced. [Fr. _juger_--L. _judic[=a]re_--_jus_, law, _dic[)e]re_, to declare.]

JUDICA, j[=oo]'di-ka, _n._ Passion Sunday--from the opening words of the introit, '_Judica_ me, Deus' (43d Ps.).

JUDICATURE, j[=oo]'di-k[=a]-t[=u]r, _n._ power of dispensing justice by legal trial: jurisdiction: a tribunal.--_adjs._ JU'DICABLE, that may be judged or tried; JU'DIC[=A]TIVE, having power to judge; JU'DIC[=A]TORY, pertaining to a judge: distributing justice.--_n._ distribution of justice: a tribunal.

JUDICIAL, j[=oo]-dish'al, _adj._ pertaining to a judge or court of justice: established by statute.--_adv._ JUDIC'IALLY.--JUDICIAL COMMITTEE, an offshoot of the Privy Council, forming a court of appeal; JUDICIAL FACTOR, in Scotland, an administrator appointed by the courts to manage the estate of some one under some imperfection; JUDICIAL SEPARATION, the separation of two married persons by order of the Divorce Court. [L. _judicialis_--_judicium_.]

JUDICIARY, j[=oo]-dish'i-ar-i, _n._ the judges taken collectively.--_adj._ pertaining to the courts of law: passing judgment. [L. _judiciarius_.]

JUDICIOUS, j[=oo]-dish'us, _adj._ according to sound judgment: possessing sound judgment: discreet.--_adv._ JUDIC'IOUSLY.--_n._ JUDIC'IOUSNESS. [Fr. _judicieux_--Low L. _judiciosus_--L. _judicium_.]

JUDY, j[=oo]'di, _n._ Punch's wife in the puppet-show: a native Chinese strumpet. [Corr. of _Judith_.]

JUG, jug, _n._ a large vessel with a swelling body and narrow mouth for liquors.--_v.t._ to boil or stew as in a jug:--_pr.p._ jug'ging; _pa.p._ jugged.--JUGGED HARE (see HARE); STONE JUG (_slang_), jail. [Prob. _Judy_, jocularly applied to a drinking-vessel; cf. _Jack_ and _Jill_ in a like sense.]

JUG, jug, _v.i._ to utter the sound _jug_, as certain birds, esp. the nightingale.--_n._ JUG-JUG. [Imit.]

JUGAL, j[=oo]'gal, _adj._ malar: joining, uniting.--_n._ a bone of the zygomatic arch, malar bone.

JUGATE, -D, j[=oo]'g[=a]t, -ed, _adj._ (_bot._) having the leaflets in pairs: joined as jugata on a coin, &c.--_n.pl._ JU'GATA, heads shown side by side or overlapping.

JUGGERNAUT, jug'er-nawt, _n._ an idol of the Hindu god Vishnu, beneath whose car devotees were supposed to immolate themselves; hence the 'car of Juggernaut' stands metaphorically for any Moloch of self-sacrifice. [Sans. _Jagann[=a]tha_, lord of the world.]

JUGGINS, jug'ginz, _n._ (_slang_) a simpleton.

JUGGLE, jug'l, _v.i._ to joke or jest: to amuse by sleight-of-hand: to conjure: to practise artifice or imposture.--_n._ a trick by sleight-of-hand: an imposture.--_ns._ JUGG'LER, one who performs tricks by sleight-of-hand: a trickish fellow; JUGG'LERY, art or tricks of a juggler: legerdemain: trickery.--_adv._ JUGG'LINGLY, in a deceptive manner. [O. Fr. _jogler_--L. _jocul[=a]ri_, to jest--_jocus_, a jest.]

JUGLANS, j[=oo]'glanz, _n._ a genus of the walnut family.

JUGULAR, jug'[=u]-lar, _adj._ pertaining to the collar-bone, which joins the neck and shoulders.--_n._ one of the large veins on each side of the neck. [L. _jugulum_, the collar-bone--_jung[)e]re_, to join.]

JUICE, j[=oo]s, _n._ the sap of vegetables: the fluid part of animal bodies.--_adj._ JUICE'LESS.--_n._ JUIC'INESS.--_adj._ JUIC'Y. [Fr.,--L. _jus_, broth, lit. mixture.]

JUJUBE, j[=oo]'j[=oo]b, _n._ a genus of spiny shrubs or small trees, the fruit of which is dried as a sweetmeat: a lozenge made of sugar and gum. [Fr.,--L. _zizyphum_--Gr. _zizyphon_--Pers. _z[=i]zfun_, the jujube-tree.]

JULEP, j[=oo]'lep, _n._ a pleasant liquid medicine in which other nauseous medicines are taken.--Also JU'LAP. [Fr.,--Sp. _julepe_--Ar. _j[=u]l[=a]b_--Pers. _j[=u]l[=a]b_.]

JULIAN, j[=oo]l'yan, _adj._ pertaining to C. _Julius_ Caesar (B.C. 100-44).--JULIAN YEAR (see YEAR).

JULIENNE, zh[:u]-li-en', _n._ a clear soup, with shredded herbs. [_Julien_, a French cook in Boston.]

JULY, j[=oo]'l[=i], _n._ the seventh month of the year--from Caius _Julius_ Caesar, who was born in it.

JUMART, j[=oo]'mart, _n._ the offspring of a bull and a mare, or horse and cow. [Fr.,--L. _jumentum_.]

JUMBLE, jum'bl, _v.t._ to mix confusedly: to throw together without order.--_v.i._ to be mixed together confusedly: to be agitated: to jump at, to accept eagerly.--_n._ a confused mixture.--_n._ JUM'BLE-SALE, a charity bazaar of cast-off clothing, rubbish, &c.--_adv._ JUM'BLINGLY, in a jumbled or confused manner. [Prob. a freq. of _jump_.]

JUMBO, jum'b[=o], _n._ a colossus.--_adj._ huge, colossal. [Name of a huge elephant sold in 1882 from the London Zoological Gardens to P. T. Barnum.]

JUMP, jump, _v.i._ to spring upward, or forward, or both: to bound: to pass to as by a leap: to agree, coincide (_with_).--_v.t._ to pass by a leap: to skip over: to cause to start, as game:--_pr.p._ jump'ing; _pa.p._ jumped.--_n._ act of jumping: a bound, a hazard.--_adv._ (_Shak._) exactly.--_ns._ JUMP'ER, one who jumps: a long iron drill or borer used in quarries and mines: (_pl._) a term applied to certain Welsh Methodists (c. 1760), who jumped about in worship: JUMP'ING-DEER, the black-tailed American deer; JUMP'ING-HARE, a South African rodent, akin to the jerboas; JUMP'-SEAT, a carriage-seat which may be moved backwards or forwards, so as to be used as single or double: a carriage with a movable seat; COUNT'ER-JUMP'ER, a draper's shopman.--JUMP A CLAIM (_U.S._), to take land to which another already holds a claim; JUMP AT, to embrace with eagerness; JUMP ONE'S BAIL, to abscond, forfeiting one's bail; JUMP OVER, to disregard, omit; JUMP OVER THE BROOMSTICK, to make an irregular marriage. [From a Teut. root seen in Sw. dial. _gumpa_, Middle High Ger. _gumpen_, to jump.]

JUMP, jump, JUMPER, jump'er, _n._ a loose garment: overall. [More prob. a thing to be _jumped_ or slipped on, than from Fr. _jupe_, a petticoat, skirt.]

JUNCACEOUS, jun-k[=a]'shus, _adj._ of or pertaining to the _Juncaceae_, a natural order of plants, of which the JUN'CUS, or rush, is the type.

JUNCATE, jungk'[=a]t, _n._ Same as JUNKET.

JUNCO, jung'k[=o], _n._ a North American snow-bird.

JUNCTION, jungk'shun, _n._ a joining, a union or combination: place or point of union. [_Join_.]

JUNCTURE, jungk't[=u]r, _n._ a joining, a union: a critical or important point of time. [L. _junctura_.]

JUNE, j[=oo]n, _n._ the sixth month, originally of 26 days, but since Julius Caesar's time of 30. [L. _Junius_, the sixth month, prob. from root of L. _juvenis_, junior.]

JUNEATING, an erroneous form of _jenneting_.

JUNGERMANNIA, joong-ger-man'i-[:a], _n._ (_bot._) a suborder of _Hepaticae_. [From a German botanist, _Jungermann_ (1572-1653).]

JUNGLE, jung'gl, _n._ land covered with thick brushwood, &c.--_ns._ JUNGLE-F[=E]'VER, a severe malarial or remittent fever; JUNG'LE-FOWL, a wild species of genus _Gallus_, the parent of our barn-door fowl.--_adj._ JUNG'LY. [Sans. _jangala_, desert.]

JUNIOR, j[=oo]n'yur, _adj._ younger: less advanced.--_n._ one younger or less advanced.--_ns._ JUNIOR'ITY, JUN'IORSHIP; JUN'IOR-RIGHT, borough-English (q.v.).--JUNIOR OPTIME, a third-class honours man at Cambridge, next to Wranglers and Senior Optimes; JUNIOR SOPH, an undergraduate of the second year at Cambridge. [Contr. of L. _juvenior_, younger--_juvenis_, young.]

JUNIPER, j[=oo]'ni-p[.e]r, _n._ an evergreen shrub, the berries of which are used in making gin. [L. _juniperus_--_juvenis_, young, _par[)e]re_, to bring forth.]

JUNK, jungk, _n._ a Chinese vessel, with high forecastle and poop, sometimes large and three-masted. [Port. _junco_--Chinese _chw`an_, a boat.]

JUNK, jungk, _n._ pieces of old cordage, used for making mats, &c., and when picked to pieces, forming oakum for the seams of ships: salt meat supplied to vessels for long voyages, so called because it becomes as hard as old rope.--_ns._ JUNK'-DEAL'ER, JUNK'MAN, a dealer in junk; JUNK'-RING, a metal ring confining a fibrous piston-packing; JUNK'-SHOP, a place where junk is bought and sold. [L. _juncus_, a rush.]

JUNK, jungk, _n._ a thick piece, chunk. [_Chunk_.]

JUNK-BOTTLE, junk'bot-l, _n._ a thick, strong bottle, of green or black glass.

JUNKER, y[=oo]ng'k[.e]r, _n._ a young German noble or squire.--_n._ JUNK'ERISM, the narrow political and social ideas of the aristocratic party in Prussia called _Junkers_.