Part 46

ICE, [=i]s, _n._ water congealed by freezing: concreted sugar, a frozen confection of sweetened cream or the juice of various fruits.--_v.t._ to cover with ice: to freeze: to cover with concreted sugar:--_pr.p._ ic'ing; _pa.p._ iced.--_ns._ ICE'-AGE (_geol._), the glacial epoch, its records included in the Pleistocene system, the chief relics morainic materials, boulder-clay or till, believed to have been formed under glacial ice; ICE'-AN'CHOR, an anchor with one arm for securing a vessel to an ice-floe; ICE'-BIRD, the little auk or sea-dove; ICE'BLINK, the peculiar appearance in the air reflected from distant masses of ice; ICE'BOAT, a boat used for forcing a passage through or being dragged over ice.--_adj._ ICE'-BOUND, bound, surrounded, or fixed in with ice.--_ns._ ICE'-BROOK, a frozen brook; ICE'-CREAM, ICED'-CREAM, cream sweetened or flavoured, and artificially frozen.--_adj._ ICED, covered with ice: encrusted with sugar.--_n._ ICE'-FALL, a glacier.--_n.pl._ ICE'-FEATH'ERS, peculiar feather-like forms assumed by ice at the summits of mountains.--_ns._ ICE'-FERN, the fern-like encrustation which is found on windows during frost; ICE'FIELD, a large field or sheet of ice; ICE'FLOAT, ICE'FLOE, a large mass of floating ice; ICE'FOOT, a belt of ice forming round the shores in Arctic regions--also ICE'-BELT, ICE'-LEDGE, ICE'-WALL; ICE'HOUSE, a house for preserving ice; ICE'-[=I]'SLAND, an island of floating ice; ICE'MAN, a man skilled in travelling upon ice: a dealer in ice: a man in attendance at any frozen pond where skating, &c., are going on; ICE'PACK, drifting ice packed together; ICE'-PAIL, a pail filled with ice for cooling bottles of wine; ICE'-PLANT, a plant whose leaves glisten in the sun as if covered with ice; ICE'-PLOUGH, an instrument for cutting grooves in ice to facilitate its removal; ICE'-SAW, a large saw for cutting through ice to free ships, &c.; ICE'-SPAR, a variety of feldspar remarkable for its transparent ice-like crystals; ICE'-WA'TER, water from melted ice: iced water.--_adv._ IC'ILY.--_ns._ IC'INESS; IC'ING, a covering of ice or concreted sugar.--_adjs._ IC'Y, composed of, abounding in, or like ice: frosty: cold: chilling: without warmth of affection; IC'Y-PEARLED (_Milt._), studded with pearls or spangles of ice.--BREAK THE ICE (see BREAK). [A.S. _is_; Ger. _eis_, Ice., Dan. _is_.]

ICEBERG, [=i]s'b[.e]rg, _n._ a mountain or huge mass of floating ice. [From Scand., Norw., and Sw. _isberg_. See _ice_ and _berg_=mountain.]

ICELANDER, [=i]s'land-[.e]r, _n._ a native of _Iceland_.--_n._ ICE'LAND-DOG, a shaggy white dog, sharp-eared, imported from Iceland.--_adj._ ICELAND'IC, relating to Iceland.--_n._ the language of the Icelanders.--_ns._ ICE'LAND-MOSS, a lichen found in Iceland, Norway, &c., valuable as a medicine and for food; ICE'LAND-SPAR, a transparent variety of calcite or calcium carbonate.

ICHNEUMON, ik-n[=u]'mun, _n._ a small carnivorous animal in Egypt, destroying crocodiles' eggs: an insect which lays its eggs on the larva of other insects. [L.,--Gr., _ichneuein_, to hunt after--_ichnos_, a track.]

ICHNITE, ik'n[=i]t, _n._ a fossil footprint. [Gr. _ichnos_.]

ICHNOGRAPHY, ik-nog'raf-i, _n._ a tracing out: (_archit._) a ground-plan of a work or building.--_adjs._ ICHNOGRAPH'IC, -AL.--_adv._ ICHNOGRAPH'ICALLY. [Gr. _ichnographia_--_ichnos_, a track, _graphein_, to grave.]

ICHNOLITE, ik'no-l[=i]t, _n._ a stone retaining the impression of an extinct animal's footprint. [Gr. _ichnos_, a footprint, _lithos_, a stone.]

ICHNOLOGY, ik-nol'o-ji, _n._ footprint lore: the science of fossil footprints.--Also ICHNOLITHOL'OGY. [Gr. _ichnos_, a track, a footprint, _logia_, discourse.]

ICHOR, [=i]'kor, _n._ (_myth._) the ethereal juice in the veins of the gods: a watery humour: colourless matter from an ulcer.--_adj._ I'CHOROUS. [Gr. _ich[=o]r_.]

ICHTHINE, ik'thin, _n._ an albuminous substance found in fishes' eggs. [Gr. _ichthys_, a fish.]

ICHTHYODORULITE, ik'thi-[=o]-dor'[=oo]-l[=i]t, _n._ the name given to fossil fish-spines in stratified rocks. [Gr. _ichthys_, a fish, _doru_, a spear, _lithos_, a stone.]

ICHTHYOGRAPHY, ik-thi-og'ra-fi, _n._ a description of fishes. [Gr. _ickthys_, a fish, _graphein_, to write.]

ICHTHYOID, -AL, ik'thi-oid, -al, _adj._ having the form or characteristics of a fish--also ICH'THYIC.--_n._ ICHTHYOCOL'LA, fish-glue, isinglass. [Gr. _ichthys_, a fish, _eidos_, form.]

ICHTHYOLATRY, ik-thi-ol'a-tri, _n._ fish-worship.--_adj._ ICHTHYOL'ATROUS.

ICHTHYOLITE, ik'thi-[=o]-l[=i]t, _n._ a fossil fish. [Gr. _ichthys_, a fish, _lithos_, a stone.]

ICHTHYOLOGY, ik-thi-ol'o-ji, _n._ the branch of natural history that treats of fishes.--_adj._ ICHTHYOLOG'ICAL.--_n._ ICHTHYOL'OGIST, one skilled in ichthyology. [Gr. _ichthys_, a fish, _logia_, discourse.]

ICHTHYOPHAGY, ik-thi-of'a-ji, _n._ the practice of eating fish.--_n._ ICHTHYOPH'AGIST.--_adj._ ICHTHYOPH'AGOUS. [Gr. _ichthys_, a fish, _phagein_, to eat.]

ICHTHYOPSIDA, ik-thi-op'si-da, _n.pl._ one of three primary groups of vertebrates in Huxley's classification (the other two, _Sauropsida_ and _Mammalia_), comprising the amphibians or batrachians and the fish and fish-like vertebrates. [Gr. _ichthys_, fish, _opsis_, appearance.]

ICHTHYORNIS, ik-thi-or'nis, _n._ a fossil bird with vertebrae like those of fishes, and with teeth set in sockets. [Gr. _ichthys_, a fish, _ornis_, a bird.]

ICHTHYOSAURIA, ik-thi-o-sawr'i-a, _n._ an order of gigantic extinct marine reptiles, uniting some of the characteristics of the Saurians with those of fishes.--_adj._ ICHTHYOSAUR'IAN.--_n._ ICH'THYOSAURUS. [Gr. _ichthys_, a fish, _sauros_, a lizard.]

ICHTHYOSIS, ik-thi-[=o]'sis, _n._ a disease in which the skin becomes hardened, thickened, rough, and almost horny in severe cases.--_adj._ ICHTHYOT'IC. [Gr. _ichthys_, a fish.]

ICTHYOTOMY, ik-thi-ot'o-mi, _n._ the anatomy of fishes.--_n._ ICHTHYOT'OMIST.

ICHTHYS, ik'this, _n._ an emblem or motto ([Greek: ICHTHYS]) supposed to have a mystical connection with Jesus Christ, being the first letters of the Greek words meaning 'Jesus Christ, Son of God, Saviour.'

ICICLE, [=i]s'i-kl, _n._ a hanging point of ice formed by the freezing of dropping water. [A.S. _['i]sgicel_, for _isesgicel_; _ises_ being the gen. of _['i]s_, ice, and _gicel_, an icicle; cf. Ice. _j[:o]kull_.]

ICON, [=i]'kon, _n._ a figure, esp. in the Greek Church, representing Christ, or a saint, in painting, mosaic, &c.--_adj._ ICON'IC.--_n._ ICONOG'RAPHY, the art of illustration.--_adj._ ICONOMAT'IC, expressing ideas by means of pictured objects.--_ns._ ICONOMAT'ICISM; ICONOPH'ILISM, a taste for pictures, &c.; ICONOPH'ILIST, a connoisseur of pictures, &c.; ICONOS'TASIS, a wooden wall which in Byzantine churches separates the choir from the nave--the icons are placed on it. [L.,--Gr. _eik[=o]n_, an image.]

ICONOCLASM, [=i]-kon'o-klazm, _n._ act of breaking images.--_n._ ICON'OCLAST, a breaker of images, one opposed to idol-worship, esp. those at the commencement in the Eastern Church, who from the 8th century downwards opposed the use of sacred images, or at least the paying of religious honour to such: any hot antagonist of the beliefs of others.--_adj._ ICONOCLAST'IC, pertaining to iconoclasm. [Gr. _eik[=o]n_, an image, _klast[=e]s_, a breaker--_klan_, to break.]

ICONOLOGY, [=i]-kon-ol'o-ji, _n._ the doctrine of images, especially with reference to worship.--_ns._ ICONOL'ATER, an image-worshipper; ICONOL'ATRY, the worship of images; ICONOL'OGIST; ICONOM'ACHIST, one opposed to the cultus of icons; ICONOM'ACHY, opposition to the same. [Gr. _eik[=o]n_, an image, _logia_, discourse.]

ICOSAHEDRON, [=i]-kos-a-h[=e]'dron, _n._ (_geom._) a solid having twenty equal sides or faces.--_adj._ ICOSAH[=E]'DRAL. [Gr. _eikosi_, twenty, _hedra_, base.]

ICOSANDRIA, [=i]-ko-san'dri-a, _n._ a class of plants having not less than twenty stamens in the calyx.--_adjs._ ICOSAN'DRIAN, ICOSAN'DROUS. [Gr. _eikosi_, twenty, an[=e]r, _andros_, a male.]

ICTERUS, ik'te-rus, _n._ the jaundice: a yellowish appearance in plants.--_adjs._ ICTER'IC, -AL, affected with jaundice; IC'TERINE, yellow, or marked with yellow, as a bird; ICTERIT'IOUS, yellow. [Gr. _ikteros_, jaundice.]

ICTUS, ik'tus, _n._ a stroke: rhythmical or metrical stress.--_adj._ IC'TIC, abrupt. [L., 'a blow.']

I'D, [=i]d, contracted from _I would_, or _I had_.

IDALIAN, [=i]-d[=a]'li-an, _adj._ pertaining to _Idalia_, in Cyprus, or to Venus, to whom it was sacred.

IDEA, [=i]-d[=e]'a, _n._ an image of an external object formed by the mind: a notion, thought, any product of intellectual action--of memory and imagination: an archetype of the manifold varieties of existence in the universe, belonging to the supersensible world, where reality is found and where God is (_Platonic_); one of the three products of the reason (the Soul, the Universe, and God) transcending the conceptions of the understanding--_transcendental ideas_, in the functions of mind concerned with the unification of existence (_Kantian_); the ideal realised, the absolute truth of which everything that exists is the expression (_Hegelian_).--_adjs._ ID[=E]'AED, ID[=E]'A'D, provided with an idea or ideas; ID[=E]'AL, existing in idea: mental: existing in imagination only: the highest and best conceivable, the perfect, as opposed to the real, the imperfect.--_n._ the highest conception of anything.--_adj._ ID[=E]'ALESS.--_n._ IDEALIS[=A]'TION, act of forming an idea, or of raising to the highest conception.--_v.t._ ID[=E]'ALISE, to form an idea: to raise to the highest conception.--_v.i._ to form ideas.--_ns._ ID[=E]'AL[=I]SER; ID[=E]'ALISM, the doctrine that in external perceptions the objects immediately known are ideas, that all reality is in its nature psychical: any system that considers thought or the idea as the ground either of knowledge or existence: tendency towards the highest conceivable perfection, love for or search after the best and highest: the imaginative treatment of subjects; ID[=E]'ALIST, one who holds the doctrine of idealism, one who strives after the ideal: an unpractical person.--_adj._ IDEALIST'IC, pertaining to idealists or to idealism.--_n._ IDEAL'ITY, ideal state: ability and disposition to form ideals of beauty and perfection.--_adv._ ID[=E]'ALLY, in an ideal manner: mentally.--_n._ ID[=E]'ALOGUE, one given to ideas: a theorist.--_v.i._ ID[=E]'ATE, to form ideas.--_adj._ produced by an idea.--_n._ the correlative or object of an idea.--_n._ IDE[=A]'TION, the power of the mind for forming ideas: the exercise of such power.--_adjs._ IDE[=A]'TIONAL, ID[=E]'ATIVE. [L.,--Gr. _idea_--_idein_, to see.]

IDENTIFY, [=i]-den'ti-f[=i], _v.t._ to make to be the same: to ascertain or prove to be the same:--_pa.p._ iden'tified.--_adj._ IDEN'TIFIABLE.--_n._ IDENTIFIC[=A]'TION.--IDENTIFY ONE'S SELF WITH, to take an active part in the promotion of. [Fr. _identifier_--L., as if _identicus_--_idem_, the same, _fac[)e]re_, to make.]

IDENTITY, [=i]-den'ti-ti, _n._ state of being the same: sameness.--_adj._ IDEN'TICAL, the very same: not different.--_adv._ IDEN'TICALLY.--_n._ IDEN'TICALNESS, identity. [Fr.,--Low L. _identitat-em_--L. _idem_, the same.]

IDEOGRAPHY, [=i]-de-og'ra-fi, _n._ the representation of things by pictures, and not by sound-symbols or letters.--_ns._ I'DEOGRAPH, such a character or symbol as represents an idea without expressing its name--also I'DEOGRAM.--_adjs._ IDEOGRAPH'IC, -AL, representing ideas by pictures, or directly instead of words.--_adv._ IDEOGRAPH'ICALLY, in an ideographic manner. [Gr. _idea_, idea, _graphein_, to write.]

IDEOLOGY, [=i]-de-ol'o-ji, _n._ the science of ideas, metaphysics.--_adjs._ IDEOLOG'IC, -AL.--_n._ IDEOL'OGIST, one occupied with ideas having no significance: a mere theorist--also ID[=E]'OLOGUE. [Gr. _idea_, idea, _logia_, discourse.]

IDEOPRAXIST, [=i]-de-[=o]-prak'sist, _n._ one who is impelled to carry out an idea. [Gr. _idea_, idea, _praxis_, doing.]

IDES, [=i]dz, _n.sing._ in ancient Rome, the 15th day of March, May, July, October, and the 13th of the other months. [Fr.,--L. _idus_, prob. Etruscan.]

IDIOCRASY, id-i-ok'ra-si, _n._ same as IDIOSYNCRASY.--_adj._ IDIOCRAT'IC.

IDIOCY. See IDIOT.

IDIOELECTRIC, id-i-o-e-lek'trik, _adj._ electric by virtue of its own peculiar properties.

IDIOGRAPH, id'i-o-graf, _n._ a private mark or trademark.--_adj._ IDIOGRAPH'IC.

IDIOM, id'i-um, _n._ a mode of expression peculiar to a language, a peculiar variation of any language, a dialect.--_n._ ID'IASM, a peculiarity.--_adjs._ IDIOMAT'IC, -AL, conformed or pertaining to the idioms of a language.--_adv._ IDIOMAT'ICALLY.--_n._ IDIOT'ICON, a vocabulary of a particular dialect or district. [Fr.,--L.,--Gr. _idi[=o]ma_, peculiarity--_idios_, one's own.]

IDIOMORPHIC, id-i-o-mor'fik, _adj._ having a peculiar or distinctive form.

IDIOPATHY, id-i-op'a-thi, _n._ a peculiar affection or state: (_med._) a primary disease, one not occasioned by another.--_adj._ IDIOPATH'IC (_med._), primary, not depending on or preceded by another disease.--_adv._ IDIOPATH'ICALLY. [Gr. _idios_, peculiar, _pathos_, suffering--_pathein_ to suffer.]

IDIOSYNCRASY, id-i-o-sin'kra-si, _n._ peculiarity of temperament or constitution; crotchet or peculiar view, any characteristic of a person.--_adj._ IDIOSYNCRAT'IC. [Gr. _idios_, one's own, _syncrasis_, a mixing together--_syn_, together, _krasis_, a mixing.]

IDIOT, id'i-ut, _n._ one deficient in intellect: a foolish or unwise person.--_adj._ afflicted with idiocy: idiotic.--_v.t._ to make idiotic--_ns._ ID'IOCY, ID'IOTCY, state of being an idiot: imbecility: folly.--_adjs._ IDIOT'IC, -AL, pertaining to or like an idiot: foolish.--_adv._ IDIOT'ICALLY.--_adj._ IDIOT'ISH, idiotic.--_n._ ID'IOTISM, the state of being an idiot. [Fr.,--L. _idiota_--_idi[=o]t[=e]s_, orig. a 'private man,' then a rude person--_idios_, one's own.]

IDLE, [=i]'dl, _adj._ vain: trifling: unemployed: averse to labour: not occupied: useless: unimportant: unedifying.--_v.t._ to spend in idleness.--_v.i._ to be idle or unoccupied.--_adj._ I'DLE-HEAD'ED, foolish.--_ns._ I'DLEHOOD, I'DLENESS; I'DLER; ID'LESSE, idleness; I'DLE-WHEEL, a wheel placed between two others simply for transferring the motion from one to the other without changing the direction.--_n.pl._ I'DLE-WORMS, once jocularly supposed to be bred in the fingers of lazy maid-servants.--_adv._ I'DLY. [A.S. _idel_; Dut. _ijdel_, Ger. _eitel_.]

IDOCRASE, id'o-kr[=a]z, _n._ the mineral vesuvianite. [Gr. _eidos_, form, _krasis_, mixture.]

IDOL, [=i]'dul, _n._ a figure: an image of some object of worship: a person or thing too much loved or honoured: any phantom of the brain, or any false appearance by which men are led into error or prejudice which prevents impartial observation, a fallacy--also ID[=O]'LON, ID[=O]'LUM:--_pl._ ID[=O]'LA--Bacon (_Novum Organum_, i. s. 38) makes these four in number--_Idols of the nation or tribe_; _Idols of the den or cave_ (fallacies due to personal causes); _Idols of the forum_ (those due to the influence of words or phrases); _Idols of the theatre_ (those due to misconceptions of philosophic system or demonstration).--_v.t._ I'DOL[=I]SE, to make an idol of, for worship: to love to excess.--_ns._ IDOL[=I]S'ER; I'DOLISM (_Milt._), idolatrous worship; I'DOLIST (_Milt._), an idolater; IDOL'OCLAST, a breaker of images.--_adj._ IDOLOGRAPH'ICAL, treating of idols. [O. Fr. _idole_--L. _idolum_--Gr. _eid[=o]lon_--_eidos_, what is seen--_idein_, to see.]

IDOLATER, [=i]-dol'a-t[.e]r, _n._ a worshipper of idols: a great admirer:--_fem._ IDOL'ATRESS.--_v.t._ IDOL'ATR[=I]SE, to worship as an idol: to adore.--_adj._ IDOL'ATROUS, pertaining to idolatry.--_adv._ IDOL'ATROUSLY.--_n._ IDOL'ATRY, the worship of an image held to be the abode of a superhuman personality: excessive love. [Fr. _idol[^a]tre_, corr. of L.,--Gr. _eid[=o]lolatr[=e]s_--_eid[=o]lon_, idol, _latreuein_, to worship.]

IDOLON, [=i]-d[=o]'lon, _n._ same as IDOL, an image: a mistaken notion. [Gr. _eid[=o]lon_, an image.]

IDRIS, [=i]'dris, _n._ a mythical figure in Welsh tradition, giant, prince, and astronomer.

IDYL, IDYLL, [=i]'dil, _n._ a short pictorial poem, chiefly on pastoral subjects: a narrative poem.--_n._ IDYL'IST, a writer of idyls.--_adj._ IDYLL'IC, of or belonging to idyls: pastoral. [L. _idyllium_--Gr. _idyllion_, dim. of _eidos_, image.]

IF, if, _conj._ an expression of doubt; whether: in case that: supposing that.--AS IF, as it would be if. [A.S. _gif_; Dut. _of_, Ice. _ef_, if, _efa_, to doubt.]

IGNARO, ig-n[=a]'r[=o], _n._ (_Spens._) an ignorant person. [It.,--L. IGNARUS. See IGNORE.]

IGNATIAN, ig-n[=a]'shan, _adj._ of or pertaining to St _Ignatius_, Bishop of Antioch, martyred at Rome under Trajan about 110 A.D.--The famous IGNATIAN EPISTLES exist in 3 different forms or recensions--the _Short_ (3 only, in Syriac); the _Middle_ (7, the Greek text first published in 1646--considered by Zahn and Lightfoot to be the original form); the _Long_ (these 7, together with 6 others).

IGNEOUS, ig'ne-us, _adj._ pertaining to, consisting of, or like fire: (_geol._) produced by the action of fire.--_adjs._ IGNESC'ENT, emitting sparks of fire; IGNIF'EROUS, bearing fire; IGNIG'ENOUS, engendered in fire.--IGNEOUS rocks, those which have been erupted from the heated interior of the earth--hence also termed _Eruptive rocks_. [L. _igneus_--_ignis_, fire.]

IGNIPOTENT, ig-nip'o-tent, _adj._ (_Pope_) presiding over fire. [L. _ignis_, fire, _potens_, _-entis_, powerful.]

IGNIS-FATUUS, ig'nis-fat'[=u]-us, _n._ a light which misleads travellers, often seen over marshy places, also called 'Will-o'-the-Wisp:'--_pl._ IGNES-FATUI (ig'n[=e]z-fat'[=u]-[=i]). [L. _ignis_, fire, _fatuus_, foolish.]

IGNITE, ig-n[=i]t', _v.t._ to set on fire, to kindle: to render luminous with heat.--_v.i._ to take fire: to burn.--_n._ IGNITIBIL'ITY.--_adj._ IGN[=I]T'IBLE, that may be ignited.--_n._ IGNI'TION, act of setting on fire: state of being kindled, and esp. of being made red hot. [L. _ign[=i]re_, _ign[=i]tum_, to set on fire--_ignis_, fire.]

IGNOBLE, ig-n[=o]'bl, _adj._ of low birth: mean or worthless: dishonourable.--_v.i._ to degrade.--_ns._ IGNOBIL'ITY, IGN[=O]'BLENESS.--_adv._ IGN[=O]'BLY. [Fr.,--L. _ignobilis_--_in_, not, _gnobilis_, _nobilis_, noble.]

IGNOMINY, ig'n[=o]-min-i, _n._ the loss of one's good name: public disgrace: infamy--formerly also IG'NOMY.--_adj._ IGNOMIN'IOUS, dishonourable: marked with ignominy: contemptible: mean.--_adv._ IGNOMIN'IOUSLY.--_n._ IGNOMIN'IOUSNESS. [Fr.,--L. _ignominia_--_in_, not, _gnomen_, _nomen_, name.]

IGNORAMUS, ig-n[=o]-r[=a]'mus, _n._ the word formerly written by a grand-jury on the back of an indictment, meaning that they rejected it: an ignorant person, esp. one making a pretence to knowledge:--_pl._ IGNOR[=A]'MUSES. [L., 'We are ignorant,' 1st pers. pl. pres. indic. of _ignor[=a]re_.]

IGNORANT, ig'n[=o]-rant, _adj._ without knowledge: uninstructed: unacquainted with: resulting from want of knowledge: (_Shak._) unconscious: (_Shak._) undiscovered.--_n._ IG'NORANCE, state of being ignorant: want of knowledge--in R.C. theol. _vincible_ or _wilful_ ignorance is such as one might be fairly expected to overcome, hence it can never be an excuse for sin, whether of omission or of commission; while _invincible_ ignorance, which a man could not help or abate, altogether excuses from guilt: (_pl._) in Litany, sins committed through ignorance.--_adv._ IG'NORANTLY.--_n._ IGNOR[=A]'TION. [Fr.,--L. _ignorans_, _-antis_, _pr.p._ of _ignor[=a]re_. See IGNORE.]

IGNORANTINES, ig-n[=o]-ran't[=i]nz, _n.pl._ (_R.C._) name of a religious congregation of men devoted to the instruction of poor children--now better known as the _Brothers of Christian Schools_.

IGNORE, ig-n[=o]r', _v.t._ wilfully to disregard: to set aside. [Fr.,--L. _ignor[=a]re_, not to know--_in_, not, and _gno-_, root of _(g)nosc[)e]re_, to know.]

IGUANA, i-gw[:a]'na, _n._ a genus of thick-tongued arboreal lizards in tropical America. [Sp., prob. Haytian.]

IGUANODON, i-gw[:a]'no-don, _n._ a large extinct herbivorous reptile, with teeth like those of the iguana. [_Iguana_, and Gr. _odous_, _odontos_, a tooth.]

ILEAC, il'e-ak, _adj._, ILEUM, il'e-um, _n._ See ILIAC.

ILEX, [=i]'leks, _n._ the scientific name for Holly (which see): the evergreen or holm oak. [L.]

ILIAC, il'i-ak, _adj._ pertaining to the lower intestines.--_ns._ IL'EUM, the lower part of the smaller intestine in man; IL'IUM, the upper part of the hip-bone:--_pl._ IL'IA.--ILEUS, ILEAC, or ILIAC PASSION, a severe colic with vomiting, &c. [Fr., through a Low L. _iliacus_--_ilia_, the flanks, the groin.]

ILIAD, il'i-ad, _n._ an epic poem by Homer, giving an account of the destruction of _Ilium_ or ancient Troy. [L. _Ilias_, _Iliadis_--Gr. _Ilias_, _Iliados_, a poem relating to _Ilium_, the city of _Ilos_, its founder.]

ILK, ilk, _adj._ the same.--OF THAT ILK, of that same, used in connection with a man whose name is the same as that of his ancestral estate--often used erroneously for 'of that kind.' [A.S. _ilc_, _ylc_, from _y-_ or _i-_ (base of _he_), and _l['i]c_=like.]

ILKA, il'ka, _adj._ (_Scot._) each. [A.S. _['ae]lc_, each.]

ILL, il, _adj._ (comp. _worse_; superl. _worst_) evil, bad: contrary to good: wicked: producing evil: unfortunate: unfavourable: sick: diseased: improper: incorrect: cross, as temper.--_adv._ not well: not rightly: with difficulty--(_rare_) ILL'Y.--_n._ evil: wickedness: misfortune.--_Ill_, when compounded with other words, expresses badness of quality or condition, as 'ill-advised,' 'ill-affected,' 'ill-disposed,' &c.--_adj._ ILL'-BESEEM'ING (_Shak._), unbecoming.--_n._ ILL'-BLOOD, ill-feeling: resentment.--_adjs._ ILL'-BOD'ING, inauspicious; ILL'-BRED, badly bred or educated: uncivil.--_n._ ILL'-BREED'ING.--_adjs._ ILL'-CONDIT'IONED, in bad condition: churlish; ILL'-FAT'ED, bringing ill-fortune; ILL'-FAURD (_Scot._), ILL'-F[=A]'VOURED, ill-looking: deformed: ugly.--_n._ ILL'-F[=A]'VOUREDNESS, state of being ill-favoured: deformity.--_adjs._ ILL'-GOT, -TEN, procured by bad means; ILL'-HAIRED (_Scot._) cross-grained; ILL'-JUDGED, not well judged; ILL'-LOOK'ING, having a bad look; ILL'-MANNED', insufficiently provided with men; ILL'-N[=A]'TURED, of an ill nature or temper: cross: peevish.--_adv._ ILL'-N[=A]'TUREDLY.--_ns._ ILL'-N[=A]'TUREDNESS, the quality of being ill-natured; ILL'NESS, sickness: disease.--_adjs._ ILL'-OFF, in bad circumstances; ILL'-[=O]'MENED, having bad omens: unfortunate; ILL'-STARRED, born under the influence of an unlucky star: unlucky; ILL'-TEM'PERED, having a bad temper: morose: fretful: (_Shak._) disordered; ILL'-TIMED, said or done at an unsuitable time.--_v.t._ ILL'-TREAT, to treat ill: to abuse.--_n._ ILL'-TURN, an act of unkindness or enmity.--_adj._ ILL'-USED, badly used or treated.--_ns._ ILL'-WILL, unkind feeling: enmity; ILL'-WISH'ER, one who wishes harm to another.--_adj._ ILL'-WREST'ING, misinterpreting to disadvantage.--GO ILL WITH, to result in danger or misfortune; TAKE IT ILL, to be offended. [From Ice. _illr_, a contraction of the word which appears in A.S. _yfel_, evil.]

ILLAPSE, il-laps', _n._ a sliding in: the entrance of one thing into another.--_v.i._ to glide. [L. _illapsus_--_illabi_--_in_, into, _labi_, to slip, to slide.]

ILLAQUEATE, i-lak'w[=e]-[=a]t, _v.t._ to ensnare.--_adj._ ILLAQ'UEABLE.--_n._ ILLAQUE[=A]'TION.

ILLATION, il-l[=a]'shun, _n._ act of inferring from premises or reasons: inference: conclusion.--_adj._ IL'LATIVE, denoting an inference: that may be inferred.--_adv._ IL'LATIVELY. [Fr.,--L. _illation-em_--_inferre_, _ill[=a]tum_--_in_, in, into, _ferre_, to bear.]

ILLAUDABLE, il-law'da-bl, _adj._ not laudable or praiseworthy.--_adv._ ILLAU'DABLY.

ILLEGAL, il-l[=e]'gal, _adj._ contrary to law.--_v.t._ ILL[=E]'GAL[=I]SE, to render unlawful.--_n._ ILLEGAL'ITY, the quality or condition of being illegal.--_adv._ ILL[=E]'GALLY.

ILLEGIBLE, il-lej'i-bl, _adj._ that cannot be read: indistinct.--_ns._ ILLEG'IBLENESS, ILLEGIBIL'ITY.--_adv._ ILLEG'IBLY.

ILLEGITIMATE, il-le-jit'i-m[=a]t, _adj._ not according to law: not born in wedlock: not properly inferred or reasoned: not genuine.--_n._ ILLEGIT'IMACY.--_adv._ ILLEGIT'IM[=A]TELY.--_n._ ILLEGITIM[=A]'TION, the act of rendering, or state of being, illegitimate.

ILLIBERAL, il-lib'[.e]r-al, _adj._ niggardly: mean, narrow in opinion.--_v.t._ ILLIB'ERALISE.--_n._ ILLIBERAL'ITY.--_adv._ ILLIB'ERALLY.

ILLICIT, il-lis'it, _adj._ not allowable: unlawful: unlicensed.--_adv._ ILLIC'ITLY.--_n._ ILLIC'ITNESS. [L. _illicitus_--_in_, not, _licitus_, pa.p. of _lic[=e]re_, to be allowable.]

ILLIMITABLE, il-lim'it-a-bl, _adj._ that cannot be bounded: infinite.--_n._ ILLIM'ITABLENESS.--_adv._ ILLIM'ITABLY.--_n._ ILLIMIT[=A]'TION.--_adj._ ILLIM'ITED.

ILLIQUATION, il-li-kw[=a]'shun, _n._ the melting of one thing into another. [L. _in_, into, _liqu[=a]re_, -_[=a]tum_, to melt.]

ILLISION, il-lizh'un, _n._ the act of striking against. [L. _illision-em_--_illid[)e]re_--_in_, in, _laed[)e]re_, to strike.]

ILLITERAL, il-lit'[.e]r-al, _adj._ not literal.

ILLITERATE, il-lit'[.e]r-[=a]t, _adj._ not learned: uninstructed: ignorant.--_n.pl._ a term used to designate those persons who are unable to read or write or both.--_adv._ ILLIT'ERATELY.--_ns._ ILLIT'ERATENESS, ILLIT'ERACY, state of being illiterate: want of learning.

ILLOGICAL, il-loj'i-kal, _adj._ contrary to the rules of logic.--_adv._ ILLOG'ICALLY.--_n._ ILLOG'ICALNESS.

ILLUDE, il-l[=u]d', _v.t._ to play upon by artifice: to deceive. [O. Fr.,--L. _illud[)e]re_--_in_, upon, _lud[)e]re_, to play.]

ILLUME. See ILLUMINE.

ILLUMINATE, il-l[=u]'min-[=a]t, _v.t._ to light up: to enlighten: to illustrate: to adorn with ornamental lettering or illustrations.--_adj._ enlightened.--_adj._ ILL[=U]'MINABLE, that may be illuminated.--_adj._ and _n._ ILL[=U]'MINANT.--_n.pl._ ILLUMIN[=A]'T[=I], the enlightened, a name given to various sects, and especially to a society of German Freethinkers at the end of the 18th century.--_n._ ILLUMIN[=A]'TION, act of giving light: that which gives light: splendour: brightness: a display of lights: adorning of books with coloured lettering or illustrations: (_B_.) enlightening influence, inspiration.--_adj._ ILL[=U]'MINATIVE, tending to give light: illustrative or explanatory.--_n._ ILL[=U]'MINATOR, one who illuminates, esp. one who is employed in adorning books with coloured letters and illustrations.--_vs.t._ ILL[=U]'MINE, ILL[=U]'ME, to make luminous or bright: to enlighten: to adorn.--_ns._ ILL[=U]'MINER, an illuminator; ILL[=U]'MINISM.--_adj._ ILLUM'INOUS, bright. [L. _illumin[=a]re_, -_[=a]tum_--_in_, in, upon, _lumin[=a]re_, to cast light--_lumen_ (=_lucimen_)--_luc[=e]re_, to shine, light.]

ILLUSION, il-l[=u]'zhun, _n._ a playing upon: a mocking: deceptive appearance: false show: error.--_n._ ILL[=U]'SIONIST, one who is subject to illusions: one who produces illusions, as sleight-of-hand tricks, for entertainment.--_adjs._ ILL[=U]'SIVE, ILL[=U]'SORY, deceiving by false appearances: false.--_adv._ ILL[=U]'SIVELY.--_n._ ILL[=U]'SIVENESS. [See ILLUDE.]

ILLUSTRATE, il-lus'tr[=a]t, or il'us-tr[=a]t, _v.t._ to make distinguished: to make clear to the mind: to explain: to explain and adorn by pictures.--_adj._ (_Shak._) renowned.--_n._ ILLUSTR[=A]'TION, act of making lustrous or clear: act of explaining: that which illustrates: a picture or diagram.--_adjs._ ILLUS'TRATIVE, ILLUS'TRATORY, having the quality of making clear or explaining.--_adv._ ILLUS'TRATIVELY.--_n._ ILLUS'TRATOR.--_adj._ ILLUS'TRIOUS, morally bright, distinguished: noble: conspicuous: conferring honour.--_adv._ ILLUS'TRIOUSLY.--_n._ ILLUS'TRIOUSNESS. [L. _illustr[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to light up--_illustris_, prob. _in_, in, _lux_, _lucis_, light.]

I'M, [=i]m, a contraction of _I am_.

IMAGE, im'[=a]j, _n._ likeness: a statue: an idol: a representation in the mind, an idea: a picture in the imagination: (_optics_) the figure of any object formed by rays of light.--_v.t._ to form an image of: to form a likeness of in the mind.--_adj._ IM'AGELESS, having no image.--_ns._ IMAGERY (im'[=a]j-ri, or im'[=a]j-er-i), the work of the imagination: mental pictures: figures of speech: (_orig._) images in general; IM'AGE-WOR'SHIP, honour paid in worship to graven or painted representations of sacred persons or things. [O. Fr.,--L. _imago_, image; cf. _imit[=a]ri_, to imitate.]

IMAGINE, im-aj'in, _v.t._ to form an image of in the mind: to conceive: to think: (_B._) to contrive or devise.--_v.i._ to form mental images: to conceive.--_adj._ IMAG'INABLE, that may be imagined.--_n._ IMAG'INABLENESS.--_adv._ IMAG'INABLY.--_adj._ IMAG'INARY, existing only in the imagination: not real: (_alg._) impossible.--_n._ IMAGIN[=A]'TION, act of imagining: the faculty of forming images in the mind: that which is imagined: contrivance.--_adj._ IMAG'IN[=A]TIVE, full of imagination: proceeding from the imagination.--_ns._ IMAG'IN[=A]TIVENESS; IMAG'INER; IMAG'INING, that which is imagined. [O. Fr. _imaginer_--L. _imagin[=a]ri_--_imago_, an image.]

IMAGO, i-m[=a]'g[=o], _n._ the last or perfect state of insect life: an image or optical counterpart of a thing. [L.]

IM[^A]M, i-mam', IMAUM, i-mawm', _n._ the officer who in Mohammedan mosques recites the prayers and leads the devotions of the faithful--in Turkey also superintending circumcisions, marriages, and funerals. [Ar. _im[=a]m_, chief.]

IMBANK, im-bangk'. Same as EMBANK.

IMBAR, im-b[:a]r', _v.t._ to exclude.

IMBARK, im-b[:a]rk', _v.i._ Same as EMBARK.

IMBATHE, im-b[=a]th', _v.t._ (_Milt._) to bathe.

IMBECILE, im'be-s[=e]l, _adj._ without strength either of body or mind: feeble: fatuous.--_n._ one destitute of strength, either of mind or body.--_n._ IMBECIL'ITY, state of being imbecile: weakness of body or mind. [O. Fr. _imbecile_--L. _imbecillis_; origin unknown.]

IMBED, im-bed', _v.t._ See EMBED.

IMBELLISHING, _n._ (_Milt._). Same as EMBELLISHMENT.

IMBIBE, im-b[=i]b', _v.t._ to drink in: to absorb: to receive into the mind.--_v.i._ to drink, absorb.--_ns._ IMBIB'ER; IMBIBI'TION. [L. _imbib[)e]re_--_in_, in, into, _bib[)e]re_, to drink.]

IMBITTER, im-bit'[.e]r, _v.t._ See EMBITTER.

IMBLAZE, im-bl[=a]z', _v.t._ obsolete form of _emblaze_.

IMBODY, im-bod'i. See EMBODY.

IMBOIL, im-boil', _v.i._ Same as EMBOIL.

IMBORDER, im-bor'd[.e]r, _v.t._ Same as EMBORDER.

IMBOSOM, im-b[=oo]z'um. See EMBOSOM.

IMBOUND, im-bownd', _v.t._ Same as EMBOUND.

IMBOW, im-b[=o]', _v.t._ Same as EMBOW.

IMBRANGLE. See EMBRANGLE.