Part 33

GULA, g[=u]'la, _n._ a piece in some insects, esp. in the beetles, &c., forming the lower surface of the head, behind the mentum, bounded laterally by the genae or cheeks: the upper part of a bird's throat, between mentum and jugulum.--_adj._ G[=U]'LAR. [L., 'throat.']

GULCH, gulch, _n._ (_U.S._) a ravine or narrow rocky valley, a gully.--_v.t._ (_prov._) to swallow greedily. [Prob. the _n._ and _v._ are connected.]

GULDEN, g[=oo]l'den, _n._ a certain gold or silver coin in Germany in the Middle Ages: the unit of account in Austria, having the value of about 2s. [Ger.]

GULES, g[=u]lz, _n._ (_her._) a red colour, marked in engraved figures by perpendicular lines.--_adj._ G[=U]'LY. [O. Fr. _gueules_; acc. to Brachet, from Pers. _ghul_, a rose; acc. to others, from L. _gula_, the throat.]

GULF, gulf, _n._ a hollow or indentation in the sea-coast: a deep place in the earth: an abyss: a whirlpool: anything insatiable: in Oxford and Cambridge examinations, the place of those next to the pass, but not bad enough to fail.--_v.t._ to engulf.--_n._ GULF'-WEED, a large olive-brown sea-weed with stalked air-bladders.--_adj._ GULF'Y, full of gulfs or whirlpools.--GULF STREAM, a great current of warm water flowing out of the Gulf of Mexico through the Strait of Florida, along the eastern coast of the United States of America, then deflected near the banks of Newfoundland diagonally across the Atlantic. [O. Fr. _golfe_--Late Gr. _kolphos_--Gr. _kolpos_, the bosom.]

GULL, gul, _n._ a web-footed sea-fowl belonging to the family _Laridae_. [Celt.; Corn. _gullan_, W. _gwylan_, Bret. _gwelan_--_gwela_, to weep, to cry.]

GULL, gul, _v.t._ to beguile: to deceive.--_n._ a trick: one easily cheated: (_Shak._) a nestling.--_ns._ GULL'-CATCH'ER (_Shak._), a cheat; GULL'ER; GULL'ERY, imposture; GULLIBIL'ITY.--_adj._ GULL'IBLE, easily deceived.--_n._ GULLOS'ITY. [Same word as _gull_, a seafowl, the bird being thought stupid.]

GULLET, gul'et, _n._ the throat: the passage in the neck by which food is taken into the stomach.--_n._ GULOS'ITY, gluttony. [O. Fr. _goulet_, dim. of O. Fr. _goule_ (Fr. _gueule_)--L. _gula_, the throat.]

GULLY, gul'i, _n._ (_Scot._) a big knife.--Also GULL'EY.

GULLY, gul'i, _n._ a channel worn by running water: a ditch: a ravine.--_v.t._ to wear a gully or channel in.--_p.adj._ GULL'IED.--_ns._ GULL'Y-HOLE, a manhole into a drain, &c.; GULL'Y-HUNT'ER, one who picks up things from gutters. [Prob. _gullet_.]

GULP, gulp, _v.t._ to swallow eagerly or in large draughts.--_n._ a swallow: as much as is swallowed at once. [Dut. _gulpen_--_gulp_, a great draught.]

GUM, gum, _n._ the firm fleshy tissue which surrounds the teeth: (_slang_) insolence.--_n._ GUM'BOIL, a boil or small abscess on the gum. [A.S. _g['o]ma_, jaws; Ice. _g['o]mr_, Ger. _gaumen_, palate.]

GUM, gum, _n._ a substance which exudes from certain trees and plants, and hardens on the surface, including those containing arabin, bassorin, and gum-resins.--_v.t._ to smear or unite with gum:--_pr.p._ gum'ming; _pa.p._ gummed.--_ns._ GUM'-AR'ABIC, a gum obtained from various species of acacia; GUM'-DRAG'ON, tragacanth; GUM'-ELAS'TIC, india-rubber or caoutchouc; GUM'-JU'NIPER, sandarac.--_adj._ GUMMIF'EROUS, producing gum.--_ns._ GUM'MINESS; GUM'MING, act of fastening with gum, esp. the application of gum-water to a lithographic stone: a disease, marked by a discharge of gum, affecting stone-fruit; GUMMOS'ITY, gumminess.--_adjs._ GUM'MOUS, GUM'MY, consisting of or resembling gum: producing or covered with gum.--_ns._ GUM'-RASH, red-gum; GUM'-RES'IN, a vegetable secretion formed of resin mixed with more or less gum or mucilage; GUM'-TREE, a name applied to various American and Australian trees; CHEW'ING-GUM (see CHEW). [O. Fr. _gomme_--L. _gummi_--Gr. _kommi_; prob. Coptic _kom[=e]_, gum.]

GUMBO, gum'b[=o], _n._ the okra or its mucilaginous pods: a soup of which okra is an ingredient, also a dish of okra-pods seasoned: Creole patois in Louisiana.

GUMPTION, gump'shun, _n._ sense: shrewdness: common-sense.--_adj._ GUMP'TIOUS. [Doubtless conn. with A.S. _g['y]man_, to observe; cf. Goth. _gaumjan_.]

GUN, gun, _n._ a firearm or weapon, from which balls or other projectiles are discharged, usually by means of gunpowder--now generally applied to cannon: one who carries a gun, a member of a shooting-party.--_v.i._ (_Amer._) to shoot with a gun.--_ns._ GUN'-BARR'EL, the barrel or tube of a gun; GUN'BOAT, a boat or small vessel of light draught, fitted to carry one or more guns; GUN'-CARR'IAGE, a carriage on which a gun or cannon is supported; GUN'-COTT'ON, an explosive prepared by saturating cotton with nitric acid; GUN'-FIRE (_mil._), the hour at which the morning or evening gun is fired; GUN'-FLINT, a piece of flint fitted to the hammer of a flint-lock musket; GUN'-MET'AL, an alloy of copper and tin in the proportion of 9 to 1, used in making guns; GUN'NAGE, the number of guns carried by a ship of war; GUN'NER, one who works a gun or cannon: (_naut._) a petty officer who has charge of the ordnance on board ship; GUN'NERY, the art of managing guns, or the science of artillery; GUN'NING, shooting game; GUN'-PORT, a port-hole; GUN'POWDER, an explosive powder used for guns and firearms; GUN'-ROOM, the apartment on board ship occupied by the gunner, or by the lieutenants as a mess-room; GUN'SHOT, the distance to which shot can be thrown from a gun.--_adj._ caused by the shot of a gun.--_adj._ GUN'-SHY, frightened by guns (of a sporting dog).--_ns._ GUN'SMITH, a smith or workman who makes or repairs guns or small-arms; GUN'STICK, a ramrod; GUN'STOCK, the stock or piece of wood on which the barrel of a gun is fixed; GUN'STONE (_Shak._), a stone, formerly used as shot for a gun; GUN'-TACK'LE (_naut._), the tackle used on board ship by which the guns are run to and from the port-holes; GUN'-WAD, a wad for a gun; GAT'LING-GUN, a revolving battery-gun, invented by R. J. _Gatling_ about 1861, usually having ten parallel barrels, capable of firing 1200 shots a minute; MACHINE'-GUN (see MACHINE).--AS SURE AS A GUN, quite sure, certainly; BLOW GREAT GUNS, to blow tempestuously--of wind; GREAT GUN, a cannon: (_coll._) a person of great importance; SON OF A GUN, a rogue, rascal. [M. E. _gonne_, from W. _gwn_, a bowl, a gun, acc. to Skeat.]

GUNNEL, gun'l, _n._ Same as GUNWALE.

GUNNY, gun'i, _n._ a strong coarse cloth manufactured in India from jute, and used as sacking. [Hind. _gon_, _gon['i]_, sacking--Sans. _gon['i]_, a sack.]

GUNTER'S SCALE. See SCALE.

GUNWALE, GUNNEL, gun'el, _n._ the wale or upper edge of a ship's side next to the bulwarks, so called because the upper guns are pointed from it.

GURGE, gurj, _n._ (_Milt._) a whirlpool. [L. _gurges_.]

GURGLE, gur'gl, _v.i._ to flow in an irregular noisy current: to make a bubbling sound. [Through an It. _gorgogliare_, from _gorgo_--L. _gurges_.]

GURGOYLE. Same as GARGOYLE.

GURLY, gur'li, _adj._ (_obs._) fierce, stormy.

GURNARD, gur'nard, _n._ a genus of fishes having the body rounded, tapering, and covered with small scales, an angular head, the eyes near the summit, and the teeth small and very numerous--(_obs._) GUR'NET. [From O. Fr. _grongnard_--_grogner_, to grunt--L. _grunn[=i]re_, to grunt.]

GURRAH, gur'a, _n._ a coarse Indian muslin.

GURRY, gur'i, _n._ fish-offal.

GURU, g[=oo]'r[=oo], _n._ a spiritual teacher, any venerable person.--Also GOO'ROO. [Hind.--Sans.]

GUSH, gush, _v.i._ to flow out with violence or copiously: to be effusive, or highly sentimental.--_n._ that which flows out: a violent issue of a fluid.--_n._ GUSH'ER, an oil-well not needing to be pumped.--_adj._ GUSH'ING, rushing forth with violence, as a liquid: flowing copiously: effusive.--_adv._ GUSH'INGLY.--_adj._ GUSH'Y, effusively sentimental. [Scand.; Ice. _gusa_, _gj['o]sa_; Dut. _gudsen_. See GEYSER.]

GUSSET, gus'et, _n._ the piece of cloth in a shirt which covers the armpit: an angular piece of cloth inserted in a garment to strengthen some part of it.--_v.t._ to make with a gusset: to insert a gusset into. [O. Fr. _gousset_--_gousse_--It. _guscio_, a pod, husk.]

GUST, gust, _n._ a sudden blast of wind: a violent burst of passion.--_adjs._ GUST'FUL, GUST'Y, stormy: irritable.--_n._ GUST'INESS. [Ice. _gustr_, blast.]

GUST, gust, _n._ sense of pleasure of tasting: relish: gratification.--_n._ GUST[=A]'TION, the act of tasting: the sense of taste.--_adjs._ GUST'[=A]TIVE, GUS'T[=A]TORY, of or pertaining to gustation.--_n._ GUST'O, taste: zest. [L. _gustus_, taste; cf. Gr. _geuein_, to make to taste.]

GUT, gut, _n._ the alimentary canal: intestines prepared for violin-strings, &c. (gut for angling, see SILKWORM-GUT): (_pl._) the bowels.--_v.t._ to take out the bowels of: to plunder:--_pr.p._ gut'ting; _pa.p._ gut'ted.--_n._ GUT'-SCRAP'ER, a fiddler.--_v.t._ and _v.i._ GUT'TLE, to eat greedily. [A.S. _gut_, _ge['o]tan_, to pour; prov. Eng. _gut_, Ger. _gosse_, a drain.]

GUTTA, gut'a, _n._ a drop: one of the small drop-like ornaments on the under side of the mutules and regulae of the Doric entablature: a small round colour-spot:--_pl._ GUTT'AE.--_adjs._ GUTT'ATE, -D, containing drops: spotted. [L.]

GUTTA-PERCHA, gut'a-p[.e]rch'a, _n._ the solidified juice of various trees in the Malayan Islands. [Malay _gatah_, _guttah_, gum, _percha_, the tree producing it.]

GUTTER, gut'[.e]r, _n._ a channel at the eaves of a roof for conveying away water: a channel for water: (_print._) one of a number of pieces of wood or metal, grooved in the centre, used to separate the pages of type in a form: (_pl._) mud, dirt (_Scot._).--_v.t._ to cut or form into small hollows.--_v.i._ to become hollowed: to run down in drops, as a candle.--_ns._ GUTT'ER-BLOOD, a low-born person; GUTT'ER-SNIPE, a neglected child, a street Arab.--_adj._ GUTTIF'EROUS, exuding gum or resin. [O. Fr. _goutiere_--_goute_--L. _gutta_, a drop.]

GUTTURAL, gut'ur-al, _adj._ pertaining to the throat: formed in the throat: harsh or rasping in sound.--_n._ (_gram._) a letter pronounced in the throat or the back part of the mouth (_k_, _c_ hard, _q_, _g_, _ng_).--_v.t._ GUTT'URALISE, GUTT'URISE, to form (a sound) in the throat.--_adv._ GUTT'URALLY.--_n._ GUTT'URALNESS. [Fr.,--L. _guttur_, the throat.]

GUY, g[=i], _n._ (_naut._) a rope to steady any suspended weight.--_v.t._ to keep in position by a guy. [Sp. _guia_, a guide.]

GUY, g[=i], _n._ an effigy of _Guy_ Fawkes, dressed up grotesquely on the anniversary of the Gunpowder Plot (5th Nov.): an odd figure.

GUZZLE, guz'l, _v.i._ to eat and drink with haste and greediness.--_v.t._ to swallow with exceeding relish.--_n._ GUZZ'LER. [O. Fr. (_des-_) _gouziller_, to swallow down; _gosier_, the throat.]

GWINIAD, gwin'i-ad, _n._ a fresh-water fish of about 10 or 12 inches in length, found in some of the lakes of Wales and Cumberland--the _Fresh-water Herring_. [W.,--_gwyn_, white.]

GYGIS, j[=i]'jis, _n._ a genus of small terns, white, with black bill, long-pointed wings, and a slightly forked tail. [Gr. _gyg[=e]s_, a water-bird.]

GYMKHANA, jim-k[:a]'na, _n._ a place of public resort for athletic games, &c., also a meeting for such sports. [A factitious word, according to Yule-Burnell, prob. based on _gend-kh[=a]na_ ('ball-house'), the usual Hind. name for an English racket-court.]

GYMNASIUM, jim-n[=a]'zi-um, _n._ a school for gymnastics: a school for the higher branches of literature and science: (_orig._) a public place or building where the Greek youths exercised themselves, with running and wrestling grounds, baths, and halls for conversation:--_pl._ GYMN[=A]'SIA.--_adj._ GYMN[=A]'SIAL.--_n._ GYMN[=A]'SIAST.--_adj._ GYMN[=A]'SIC.--_n._ GYM'NAST, one who teaches or practises gymnastics.--_adjs._ GYMNAS'TIC, -AL, pertaining to athletic exercises: athletic, vigorous.--_adv._ GYMNAS'TICALLY.--_n.pl._ used as _sing_. GYMNAS'TICS, athletic exercises, devised to strengthen the muscles and bones, esp. those of the upper half of the body: the art of performing athletic exercises.--_adj._ GYM'NIC (_Milt._). [L.,--Gr. _gymnasion_--_gymnazein_, _gymnos_, naked.]

GYMNOCARPOUS, jim-no-k[:a]r'pus, _adj._ (_bot._) having the fruit naked, or not invested with a receptacle. [Gr. _gymnos_, naked, _karpos_, fruit.]

GYMNOCITTA, jim-no-sit'a, _n._ a genus of crow-like American jays with naked nostrils. [Gr. _gymnos_, naked, _kitta_, _kissa_, a jay.]

GYMNOCLADUS, jim-nok'lad-us, _n._ a genus of North American trees, the pods slightly aperient. [Gr. _gymnos_, naked, _klados_, a branch.]

GYMNOGYNOUS, jim-noj'i-nus, _adj._ (_bot._) having a naked ovary. [Gr. _gymnos_, naked, _gyn[=e]_, female.]

GYMNORHINAL, jim-n[=o]-r[=i]'nal, _adj._ having the nostrils bare or unfeathered, as certain jays and auks. [Gr. _gymnos_, naked, _hris_, _hrin-os_, the nose.]

GYMNOSOPHIST, jim-nos'of-ist, _n._ the name given by the Greeks to those ancient Hindu philosophers who wore little or no clothing, and lived solitarily in mystical contemplation.--_n._ GYMNOS'OPHY. [Gr. _gymnos_, naked, _sophos_, wise.]

GYMNOSPERM, jim'n[=o]-sp[.e]rm, _n._ one of the lower or more primitive group of seed plants--also GYM'NOGEN.--_adj._ GYMNOSPER'MOUS (_bot._), having the seeds unenclosed in a capsule.--_n._ GYM'NOSPORE, a naked spore. [Gr. _gymnos_, naked, _sperma_, seed.]

GYMNOTUS, jim-n[=o]'tus, _n._ the most powerful of the electric fishes, occurring in the fresh waters of Brazil and Guiana.--Also _Electric eel_. [Formed from Gr. _gymnos_, naked, _n[=o]tos_, the back.]

GYNAECEUM, GYNECIUM, jin-[=e]-s[=e]'um, _n._ an apartment in a large house exclusively appropriated to women. [Gr. _gyn[=e]_, a woman, _oikos_, a house.]

GYNANDRIA, ji-nan'dri-a, _n._ a Linnaean class of plants, in which the stamens are united with the pistil.--_n._ GYNAN'DER, a plant of the gynandria: a masculine woman.--_adjs._ GYNAN'DRIAN, GYNAN'DROUS. [Gr. _gyn[=e]_, a female, _an[=e]r_, _andros_, a man.]

GYNARCHY, jin'[:a]r-ki, _n._ government by a female. [Gr. _gyn[=e]_, a woman, _arch[=e]_, rule.]

GYNECIAN, GYNAECIAN, ji-n[=e]'shi-an, _adj._ relating to women.--_adjs._ GYN[=E]'CIC, GYNAE'CIC, pertaining to women's diseases.--_n._ GYNOE'CIUM, the collective pistils of a flower.

GYNECOCRACY, jin-[=e]-kok'ra-si, _n._ government by women--also GYNOC'RACY.--_adj._ GYNECRAT'IC. [Gr. _gyn[=e]_, a woman, _kratein_, to rule.]

GYNECOLOGY, GYNAECOLOGY, jin-[=e]-kol'-o-ji, _n._ that branch of medicine which treats of the diseases and affections peculiar to woman and her physical organism.--_adj._ GYNECOLOG'ICAL.--_n._ GYNECOL'OGIST. [Gr. _gyn[=e]_, a woman, _legein_, to speak.]

GYNEOLATRY, j[=i]n[=e]-ol'at-ri, _n._ excessive worship of woman. [Gr. _gyn[=e]_, a woman, _latreia_, worship.]

GYNOPHORE, jin'o-f[=o]r, _n._ (_bot._) an elongation or internode of the receptacle of a flower.

GYP, jip, _n._ a male servant who attends to college rooms at Cambridge. [Perh. a contr. from _gypsy_; hardly from Gr. _gyps_, a vulture.]

GYPSUM, jip'sum, _n._ a valuable mineral of a comparatively soft kind, burned in kilns, and afterwards ground to a fine powder, called _plaster of Paris_.--_adjs._ GYP'SEOUS, of or resembling gypsum; GYPSIF'EROUS, producing or containing gypsum. [L.,--Gr. _gypsos_, chalk.]

GYPSY, GYPSYISM. See GIPSY.

GYRATE, j[=i]'r[=a]t, _v.i._ to whirl round a central point: to move round.--_adj._ (_bot._) winding round.--_n._ GYR[=A]'TION, act of whirling round a central point: a spiral motion.--_adjs._ GY'RATORY, GYR[=A]'TIONAL, moving in a circle. [L. _gyr[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to move in a circle.]

GYRE, j[=i]r, _n._ a circular motion.--_n._ GY'RA, the richly embroidered border of a robe:--_pl._ GY'RAE.--_adjs._ GY'RAL, whirling, rotating; GYROID'AL, spiral in arrangement or movement. [L. _gyrus_--Gr. _gyros_, a ring, round.]

GYRE-CARLIN, g[=i]r-kar'lin, _n._ (_Scot._) a witch. [Ice. _g['y]gr_, a witch, _karlinna_, a carline.]

GYRFALCON. See GERFALCON.

GYROMANCY, j[=i]'ro-man-si, _n._ divination by walking in a circle till dizziness caused a fall towards one direction or another. [Gr. _gyros_, a circle, _manteia_, divination.]

GYRON, GIRON, j[=i]'ron, _n._ (_her._) a bearing consisting of two straight lines drawn from any given part of the field and meeting in an acute angle in the fesse-point.--_adjs._ GYRONNET'TY, GYRON'NY, GIRON'NY. [Fr., acc. to Skeat, from the Old High Ger. _g['e]run_, accus. of _g['e]ro_, a spear, _g['e]r_; cf. A.S. _g['a]r_, a spear.]

GYROSCOPE, j[=i]'ro-sk[=o]p, _n._ an instrument for the exhibition of various properties of rotation, and the composition of rotations.--_adj._ GYROSCOP'IC. [Gr. _gyros_, a circle, _skopein_, to see.]

GYROSE, j[=i]'r[=o]s, _adj._ (_bot._) turned round like a crook.

GYROSTAT, j[=i]'r[=o]-stat, _n._ an instrument contrived for illustrating the dynamics of rotating rigid bodies.--_adj._ GYROSTAT'IC. [Gr. _gyros_, round, _statikos_, static.]

GYRUS, j[=i]'rus, _n._ one of the rounded edges into which the surface of the cerebral hemisphere is divided by the fissures or sulci. [Gr. _gyros_, a circle.]

GYTE, g[=i]t, _adj._ (_Scot._) crazy, mad.

GYTE, g[=i]t, _n._ (_Scot._) a child: a first year's boy at Edinburgh High School. [Prob. a corr. of _get_, offspring.]

GYTRASH, g[=i]'trash, _n._ (_prov._) a ghost.

GYVE, j[=i]v, _v.t._ to fetter.--_n.pl._ GYVES, shackles, fetters. [M. E. _gives_, _gyves._ Of Celt. origin; cf. W. _gefyn_, Ir. _geimheal._]

* * * * *

H the eighth letter in our alphabet, its sound that of a strongly-marked continuous guttural, produced at the back of the palate, not existing in English, but heard in the Scotch _loch_ and the German _lachen_. In Old English _h_ was a guttural, or throat sound, but it gradually softened down to a spirant, and has now become almost a vowel: (_chem._) a symbol denoting hydrogen: in medieval Roman notation=200, [=H]=200,000.

HA, h[:a], _interj._ denoting surprise, joy, or grief; and, when repeated, laughter: in continued speech, often an involuntary sound expressive of hesitation. [Imit.]

HA', haw, _n._ (_Scot._) hall.

HAAF, h[:a]f, _n._ a deep-sea fishing-ground off the coast of Shetland.--_n._ HAAF'-FISH'ING, deep-sea fishing, as for cod. [Ice. _haf_, sea.]

HAAR, h[:a]r, _n._ (_Scot._) a fog.

HABBLE, h[:a]b'l, _v.t._ (_Scot._) to perplex.--_v.i._ to stutter or stammer.--_n._ a perplexity, a squabble. [_Hobble_.]

HABEAS-CORPUS (_ad subjiciendum_), h[=a]'be-as-kor'pus, _n._ a writ to a jailer to produce the body of one detained in prison, and to state the reasons of such detention.--_n._ HABEN'DUM, the clause in a deed beginning 'habendum et tenendum' ('to have and to hold'), which determines the interest or estate granted by the deed. [L., lit. 'have the body,' from L. _hab[=e]re_, to have, and _corpus_, the body.]

HABENARIA, hab-[=e]-n[=a]'ri-a, _n._ a genus of tuberous orchidaceous plants. [L. _habena_, a thong.]

HABERDASHER, hab'[.e]r-dash-[.e]r, _n._ a seller of small-wares, as ribbons, tape, &c.--_n._ HAB'ERDASHERY, goods sold by a haberdasher. [O. Fr. _hapertas_; ety. dub.; not Ice.]

HABERDINE, ha-ber-d[=i]n', _n._ (_obs._) dried salt cod. [Old Dut. _abberdaan_, also _labberdaen_; prob. from Le _Labourd_, or _Lapurdum_ (Bayonne).]

HABERGEON, ha-b[.e]r'je-un, _n._ a piece of armour to defend the neck and breast. [Fr. _haubergeon_, dim. of O. Fr. _hauberc_.]

HABILE, hab'il, _adj._ (_obs._) able, capable. [Fr.,--L. _habilis._ See ABLE.]

HABILIMENT, ha-bil'i-ment, _n._ a garment: (_pl._) clothing, dress.--_adjs._ HAB'ILABLE (_Carlyle_), capable of being clothed; HABIL'ATORY, having reference to dressing. [Fr. _habillement_--_habiller_, to dress--L. _habilis_, fit, ready--_hab[=e]re_.]

HABILITATION, ha-bil-i-t[=a]'shun, _n._ (_Bacon_) qualification: (_U.S._) the act of supplying money to work a mine.--_n._ HABILIT[=A]'TOR, one who does so.--_v.i._ HABIL'ITATE, to acquire certain necessary qualifications, esp. for the office of teacher in a German university (Ger. _habilitiren_). [Low L. _habilitation -em_--L. _habilis_, able.]

HABILITY, ha-bil'i-ti, _n._ an obsolete form of _ability_.

HABIT, hab'it, _n._ ordinary course of conduct: tendency to perform certain

## actions: general condition or tendency, as of the body: practice: custom:

outward appearance: dress, esp. any official or customary costume: a garment, esp. a tight-fitting dress, with a skirt, worn by ladies on horseback.--_v.t._ to dress:--_pr.p._ hab'iting; _pa.p._ hab'ited.--_adj._ HAB'ITED, clothed, dressed.--_ns._ HAB'IT-MAK'ER, one who makes women's riding-habits; HAB'IT-SHIRT, a thin muslin or lace under-garment worn by women on the neck and shoulders, under the dress.--_adj._ HABIT'[=U]AL, formed or acquired by frequent use: customary.--_adv._ HABIT'[=U]ALLY.--_v.t._ HABIT'[=U][=A]TE, to cause to acquire a habit: to accustom.--_ns._ HABIT[=U][=A]'TION; HAB'IT[=U]DE, tendency from acquiring a habit: usual manner; HABITU['E] (hab-it'[=u]-[=a]), a habitual frequenter of any place of entertainment, &c.--HABIT AND REPUTE, a phrase in Scotch law to denote something so notorious that it affords strong and generally conclusive evidence of the facts to which it refers; HABIT OF BODY, the general condition of the body as outwardly apparent: any constitutional tendency or weakness. [Fr.,--L. _habitus_, state, dress--_hab[=e]re_, to have.]

HABITABLE, hab'it-a-bl, _adj._ that may be dwelt in.--_ns._ HABITABIL'ITY, HAB'ITABLENESS.--_adv._ HAB'ITABLY.--_ns._ HAB'ITANT, an inhabitant; HAB'ITAT, the natural abode or locality of an animal or plant: place of abode generally; HABIT[=A]'TION, act of inhabiting: a dwelling or residence: a group, lodge, company, as of the so-called 'Primrose League.' [Fr.,--L. _habitabilis_--_habit[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to inhabit, freq. of _hab[=e]re_, to have.]

HABLE, h[=a]'bl, _adj._ (_Spens._). Same as HABILE.

HACHEL, hach'el, _n._ (_Scot._) a sloven.

HACHURE, hash'[=u]r, _n._ Same as HATCHING.

HACIENDA, as-i-en'da, _n._ an estate or establishment. [Sp.,--L. _facienda_, things to be done, _fac[)e]re_, to do.]

HACK, hak, _v.t._ to cut: to chop or mangle: to notch: to kick (another) at football.--_n._ a cut made by hacking: a kick on the shin.--_n._ HACK'ING, the operation of picking a worn grindstone, &c., with a hack-hammer.--_adj._ short and interrupted, as a broken, troublesome cough.--_n._ HACK'-LOG, a chopping-block. [A.S. _haccian_, in composition _t['o]-haccian_; cf. Dut. _hakken_, Ger. _hacken._]

HACK, hak, _n._ a horse kept for hire, esp. a poor one: any person overworked on hire: a literary drudge.--_adj._ hired, mercenary: used up.--_v.t._ to offer for hire: to use roughly.--_n._ HACK'-WORK, literary drudgery for which a person is hired by a publisher, as making dictionaries, &c. [Contr. of _hackney_.]

HACK, hak, _n._ a grated frame, as a rack for feeding cattle, a place for drying bricks, &c. [_Hatch_.]

HACKBERRY, hak'ber-i, _n._ an American tree, allied to the elm. [See HAGBERRY.]

HACKBUT, hak'but, _n._ an arquebuse--also HAG'BUT.--_n._ HACKBUTEER'. [O. Fr. _haquebute_, from Dut. _haakbus._ See ARQUEBUSE.]

HACKEE, hak'[=e], _n._ the United States chipmuck or ground-squirrel. [Imit.]

HACKERY, hak'er-i, _n._ a native bullock-cart. [Hind. _chhakr[=a]_, a cart.]

HACKLE, hak'l, _n._ an instrument with iron teeth for sorting hemp or flax: any flimsy substance unspun: a feather in a cock's neck: part of the dressing of a fly-hook used by anglers.--_v.t._ to dress with a hackle, as flax: to tear rudely asunder.--_n._ HACK'LER, a flax-dresser, heckler.--_adj._ HACK'LY, rough and broken, as if hacked or chopped: (_min._) covered with sharp points. [Cf. Dut. _hekel_, Ger. _hechel_.]

HACKLET, hak'let, _n._ a kind of sea-bird, prob. the shear-water--also HAG'LET.--The HAGDEN is the Greater Shear-water (_Puffinus major_).

HACKNEY, hak'ni, _n._ a horse for general use, esp. for hire: (_obs._) a person hired for any mean work.--_v.t._ to carry in a hackney-coach: to use much: to make commonplace.--_adjs._ HACK'NEY, HACK'NEYED, let out for hire: devoted to common use: much used.--_ns._ HACK'NEY-COACH, a coach let out for hire; HACK'NEY-COACH'MAN; HACK'NEYMAN, one who keeps hackney horses. [O. Fr. _haquenee_, an ambling nag; further history unknown.]

HACQUETON (_Spens._). A form of _acton_.

HAD, _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ of _have_: (_B._) held.--_ns._ HAD'DING, HAD'DIN (_Scot._), a holding, residence.

HADDOCK, had'uk, _n._ a sea-fish of the cod family--(_Scot._) HADD'IE. [M. E. _haddoke_; ety. unknown.]

HADE, h[=a]d, _n._ (_min._) the dip or underlie of a lode or fault.--_v.i._ to underlay or incline from the vertical.

HADES, h[=a]'d[=e]z, _n._ the unseen world: the abode of the dead indefinitely, hell. [Gr. _haid[=e]s_, _had[=e]s_, dubiously derived from _a_, neg., and _idein_, to see.]

HADITH, had'ith, _n._ the body of traditions about Mohammed, supplementary to the Koran. [Ar.]

HADJ, HAJJ, haj, _n._ a Mohammedan pilgrimage to Mecca or Medina.--_ns._ HADJI, HAJJI (haj'i), one who has performed a Hadj. [Ar., 'a pilgrimage.']

HADROSAURUS, had-r[=o]-s[:a]'rus, _n._ a very large Dinosaurian of the Cretaceous epoch--abundant in New Jersey. [Gr. _hadros_, thick, _sauros_, a lizard.]

HAE, h[=a], a Scotch form of _have._

HAECCEITY, hek-s[=e]'i-ti, h[=e]k-, _n._ Duns Scotus's word for that element of existence on which individuality depends, hereness-and-nowness. [Lit. 'thisness,' L. _haec_.]

HAEMACYTE, HEM-, h[=e]'ma-s[=i]t, _n._ a blood-corpuscle.--_n._ HAEMACYTOM'ETER, an instrument for determining the number of such in a given quantity of blood.

HAEMADYNAMICS, HEM-, h[=e]-ma-di-nam'iks, _n._ the dynamics or theory of the circulation of the blood.

HAEMAL, HEMAL, h[=e]'mal, _adj._ relating to the blood or blood-vessels: ventral, the opposite of _Neural_.--_n._ HAE'MACHROME, the colouring matter of the blood.--_adj._ HAE'MATOID, resembling blood.--HAEMAL ARCH, the position of a vertebra enclosing and protecting the heart and other viscera; HAEMAL CAVITY, the thoracic-abdominal cavity, containing the heart, &c. [Gr. _haima_, blood.]

HAEMANTHUS, h[=e]-man'thus, _n._ a genus of bulbous plants native to Africa, including the Cape tulip. [Gr. _haima_, blood, _anthos_, a flower.]

HAEMASTATIC, HEM-, -AL, h[=e]-ma-stat'ik, -al, _adj._ serving to stop the flow of blood.--_n.pl._ HAEMASTAT'ICS, the statics of the blood and blood-vessels. [Gr. _haima_, blood, _statikos_, static.]

HAEMATEIN, HEM-, h[=e]-ma-t[=e]'in, _n._ an organic principle derived from the colouring matter of logwood.

HAEMATEMESIS, h[=e]-ma-tem'e-sis, _n._ a vomiting of blood from the stomach. [Gr. _haima_, _haimat-os_, blood, _emein_, to vomit.]

HAEMATIN, HEM-, h[=e]'ma-tin, hem'a-tin, _n._ a brown substance associated with hemoglobin in the blood.--_adjs._ HAEMAT'IC, HAE'MIC--_n.pl._ HAEMAT'ICS, that branch of medical science concerned with the blood.

HAEMATITE, HEM-, hem'a-t[=i]t, h[=e]'ma-t[=i]t, _n._ (_min._) a valuable ore of iron, consisting chiefly of peroxide of iron--its two chief varieties, Red Haematite and Brown Haematite.--_adj._ HAEMATIT'IC.

HAEMATOBLAST, h[=e]'ma-to-blast, hem'-, _n._ one of the minute colourless discs, smaller than either the red or white corpuscles, found in the blood. [Gr. _haima_, _haimat-os_, blood, _blastos_, a germ.]

HAEMATOCELE, HEM-, h[=e]'ma-to-s[=e]l, _n._ a tumour containing blood. [Gr. _haima_, blood, _k[=e]l[=e]_, a tumour.]

HAEMATOLOGY, h[=e]-ma-tol'o-ji, _n._ the branch of biology which relates to the blood.

HAEMATOSIS, h[=e]-ma-t[=o]'sis, _n._ the formation of blood, the conversion of venous into arterial blood.--_n._ HAEMAT[=O]'SIN, haematin.

HAEMATOXYLIN, HEM-, h[=e]-ma-tok'si-lin, _n._ a dye obtained from the logwood-tree. [Gr. _haima_, blood, _xylon_, wood.]

HAEMATOZOA, h[=e]-ma-to-z[=o]'a, _n._ parasites occurring in the blood. [Gr. _haima_, _haimat-os_, blood, _z[=o]on_, an animal.]

HAEMATURIA, h[=e]-ma-t[=u]'ri-a, _n._ the discharge of blood with the urine, usually from disease of the kidneys or bladder. [Gr. _haima_, blood, _ouron_, urine.]

HAEMOGLOBIN, HEM-, h[=e]-mo-gl[=o]'bin, _n._ the red substance in the red blood-corpuscles. [Gr. _haima_, blood, L. _globus_, a ball.]