Part 21

FOTHER, fo_th_'[.e]r, _v.t._ to stop or lessen a leak in a ship's bottom whilst afloat by means of a heavy sail closely thrummed with yarn and oakum. [Perh. from Dut. _voederen_ (mod. _voeren_) or Low Ger. _fodern_, to line.]

FOTHER, fo_th_'[.e]r, _n._ a load, quantity: a definite weight--of lead, 19-1/2 cwt. [A.S. _f['o]dher_; Ger. _fuder_.]

FOU, f[=oo], _adj._ (_Scot._) full: drunk.

FOU, f[=oo], _n._ (_Scot._) a bushel.

FOUD, fowd, _n._ a bailiff or magistrate in Orkney and Shetland.--_n._ FOUD'RIE, his jurisdiction. [Ice. _f['o]geti_; Ger. _vogt_; from L. _vocatus_--_voc[=a]re_, to call.]

FOUDROYANT, f[=oo]-droi'ant, _adj._ quick like lightning. [Fr. _foudroyer_--_foudre_, lightning.]

FOUET, f[=oo]'et, _n._ (_Scot._) the house-leek.--Also FOU'AT.

FOUGADE, foo-g[:a]d', _n._ (_mil._) a small mine from six to twelve feet under ground, charged either with powder or loaded shells, and sometimes loaded with stones.--Also FOUGASSE'. [Fr.]

FOUGHT, fawt, _pa.t._ and _pa.p._--FOUGHTEN (fawt'n), old _pa.p._ of _fight_.

FOUL, fowl, _adj._ filthy: loathsome: obscene: impure: stormy: unfair: running against: distressing, pernicious: choked up, entangled: (_Shak._) homely, ugly.--_v.t._ to make foul: to soil: to effect a collision.--_v.i._ to come into collision:--_pr.p._ foul'ing; _pa.p._ fouled.--_n._ act of fouling: any breach of the rules in games or contests.--_adj._ FOUL'-FACED (_Shak._), having a hatefully ugly face.--_n._ FOUL'-FISH, fish during the spawning season.--_adv._ FOUL'LY.--_adjs._ FOUL'-MOUTHED, FOUL'-SPOK'EN, addicted to the use of foul or profane language.--_ns._ FOUL-MOUTHED'NESS; FOUL'NESS; FOUL'-PLAY, unfair action in any game or contest, dishonest dealing generally.--CLAIM A FOUL, to assert that the recognised rules have been broken, and that a victory is therefore invalid; FALL FOUL OF, to come against: to assault; MAKE FOUL WATER, used of a ship, to come into such shallow water that the keel raises the mud. [A.S. _f['u]l_; Ger. _faul_, Goth. _f[^u]ls_.]

FOULARD, f[=oo]l'ard, _n._ a soft untwilled silk fabric: a silk handkerchief. [Fr.]

FOULDER, fowl'd[.e]r, _v.i._ (_Spens._) to flame, to gleam. [O. Fr. _fouldre_--L. _fulgur_, lightning.]

FOUL['E], f[=oo]-l[=a]', _n._ a light woollen dress material with a glossy surface. [Fr.]

FOUMART, f[=oo]'m[:a]rt, _n._ an old name for the polecat, from its offensive smell. [M. E. _fulmard_--A.S. _f['u]l_, foul, _meardh_, a marten.]

FOUND, _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ of _find_.--_n._ FOUND'LING, a little child found deserted.--FOUNDLING HOSPITAL, an institution where such are brought up.

FOUND, fownd, _v.t._ to lay the bottom or foundation of: to establish on a basis: to originate: to endow.--_v.i._ to rely.--_ns._ FOUND[=A]'TION, the act of founding: the base of a building: the groundwork or basis: a permanent fund for a benevolent purpose or for some special object; FOUND[=A]'TIONER, one supported from the funds or foundation of an institution; FOUND[=A]'TION-MUS'LIN, -NET, gummed fabrics used for stiffening dresses and bonnets; FOUND[=A]TION-STONE, one of the stones forming the foundation of a building, esp. a stone laid with public ceremony; FOUND'ER, one who founds, establishes, or originates: an endower:--_fem._ FOUND'RESS. [Fr. _fonder_--L. _fund[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to found--_fundus_, the bottom.]

FOUND, fownd, _v.t._ to form by melting and pouring into a mould: to cast.--_ns._ FOUND'ER, one who melts and casts metal, as a brassfounder; FOUND'ING, metal-casting; FOUND'RY, FOUND'ERY, the art of founding or casting: the house where founding is carried on. [Fr. _fondre_--L. _fund[)e]re_, _fusum_, to pour.]

FOUNDER, fownd'[.e]r, _v.i._ to go to the bottom: to fill with water and sink.--_v.t._ to cause to sink: to disable by injuring the feet (of a horse).--_adj._ FOUND'EROUS, causing to founder. [O. Fr. _fondrer_, to fall in, _fond_, bottom--L. _fundus_, bottom.]

FOUNT. See FONT (2).

FOUNTAIN, fownt'[=a]n, _n._ a spring of water, natural or artificial: the structure for a jet of water: the source of anything: a reservoir for holding oil, &c., in a lamp.--_ns._ FOUNT, a spring of water: a source; FOUNT'AIN-HEAD, the head or source of a fountain: the beginning.--_adj._ FOUNT'AINLESS, wanting fountains or springs of water.--_n._ FOUNT'AIN-PEN, a pen having a reservoir for holding ink.--_adj._ FOUNT'FUL, full of springs. [Fr. _fontaine_--Low L. _font[=a]na_--L. _fons_, _fontis_, a spring---_fund[)e]re_, to pour.]

FOUR, f[=o]r, _adj._ and _n._ two and two, a cardinal number.--_adjs._ FOUR'FOLD, folded four times: multiplied four times; FOUR'-FOOT'ED, having four feet; FOUR'-HAND'ED, having four hands: of a game, played by four people; FOUR'-INCHED (_Shak._), four inches broad.--_ns._ FOUR'-IN-HAND, a vehicle drawn by four horses, driven by one person: a team of four horses drawing a carriage--also _adj._; FOUR'PENNY, a small silver coin worth fourpence formerly coined in England.--_adj._ worth fourpence.--_n._ FOUR'-POST'ER, a large bed with four posts on which to hang curtains.--_adjs._ FOUR'SCORE, four times a score--80; FOUR'SOME, by fours: anything in which four act together--also _n._; FOUR'SQUARE, having four equal sides and angles: square.--_adjs._ and _ns._ FOUR'TEEN, four and ten; FOUR'TEENTH, four or the fourth after the tenth.--_adj._ FOURTH, next after the third.--_n._ one of four equal parts.--_adv._ FOURTH'LY.--_adj._ FOURTH'-RATE, of the fourth class or order.--_n._ FOUR'-WHEEL'ER, a carriage or cab with four wheels.--GO ON ALL FOURS, to go on hands and knees. [A.S. _f['e]ower_; Ger. _vier_, L. _quatuor_, Gr. _tessares_.]

FOURCHETTE, f[=oo]r-shet', _n._ a small forked instrument used for supporting the tongue in the operation of cutting the frenum: a forked piece between glove fingers, uniting the front and back parts. [Fr.]

FOURCROYA, f[=oo]r-kr[=o]'ya, _n._ a neotropical genus of _Amaryllidaceae_, nearly allied to Agave (q.v.), and yielding a similar fibre. [Named from A. F. de _Fourcroy_, a French chemist (1755-1809).]

FOURGON, f[=oo]r-gong', _n._ a baggage-wagon. [Fr.]

FOURIERISM, f[=oo]'ri-[.e]r-izm, _n._ the socialistic system of F. M. Charles _Fourier_ (1772-1837), based on the harmony educed by the free-play of his twelve radical passions.

FOUTRE, f[=oo]'t[.e]r, _n._ (_Shak._) a gross term of contempt, used interjectionally.--Also FOU'TER. [O. Fr. _foutre_--L. _futuere_, to lecher.]

FOUTH, footh, _n._ (_Scot._) abundance.--Also FOWTH.

FOVEA, f[=o]'v[=e]-a, _n._ (_anat._) a depression or pit.--_adjs._ F[=O]'VEAL; F[=O]'VEATE, pitted.--_n._ FOV[=E]'OLA, a small depression--also FOV[=E]'OLE. [L.]

FOVILLA, f[=o]-vil'a, _n._ (_bot._) the contents of a pollen-grain.

FOWL, fowl, _n._ a bird: a bird of the barn-door or poultry kind, a cock or hen: the flesh of fowl:--_pl._ FOWLS, FOWL.--_v.i._ to kill fowls by shooting or snaring.--_ns._ FOWL'ER, a sportsman who takes wild-fowl; FOWL'ING; FOWL'ING-NET, a net for catching birds; FOWL'ING-PIECE, a light gun for small-shot, used in fowling. [A.S. _fugol_; Ger. _vogel_.]

FOX, foks, _n._ an animal of the family _Canidae_, genus _Vulpes_, of proverbial cunning:--_fem._ VIX'EN: any one notorious for cunning.--_ns._ FOX'-BAT, a flying-fox, a fruit-bat; FOX'-BRUSH, the tail of a fox; FOX'-EARTH, a fox's burrow.--_adj._ FOXED, discoloured, spotted.--_ns._ FOX'-[=E]'VIL, alopecia; FOX'GLOVE, a plant with glove-like flowers, whose leaves are used as a soothing medicine; FOX'HOUND, a hound used for chasing foxes; FOX'-HUNT; FOX'-HUNT'ER; FOX'-HUNT'ING; FOX'INESS, decay: having a harsh, sour taste: state of being spotted, as books; FOX'-SHARK, a large shark of over 12 feet, occasionally seen off British coasts; FOX'SHIP (_Shak._), the character of a fox, craftiness; FOX'-TAIL, a genus of grasses, generally characterised by a bushy head; FOX'-TERR'IER, a kind of terrier trained to unearth foxes; FOX'-TRAP, a trap for catching foxes; FOX'-TROT, a pace with short steps, as in changing from trotting to walking.--_adj._ FOX'Y, of foxes: cunning, suspicious, causing suspicion: (_paint._) having too much of the reddish-brown or fox-colour.--FOX AND GEESE, a game played with pieces on a board, where the object is for certain pieces called the geese to surround or corner one called the fox. [A.S. _fox_; Ger. _fuchs_.]

FOY, foi, _n._ (_Spens._) allegiance. [Fr. _foi_, faith.]

FOY, foi, _n._ (_prov._) a parting entertainment.

FOYER, fwo-y[=a]', _n._ in theatres, a public room opening on the lobby. [Fr.,--L. _focus_, hearth.]

FOZY, f[=o]z'i, _adj._ (_Scot._) spongy.--_n._ FOZ'INESS, softness, want of spirit. [Cf. Dut. _voos_, spongy.]

FRAB, frab, _v.t._ to worry.--_adj._ FRAB'BIT, peevish.

FRACAS, fra-k[:a]', _n._ uproar: a noisy quarrel. [Fr.,--It. _fracasso_--_fracassare_, to make an uproar.]

FRACTION, frak'shun, _n._ a fragment or very small piece: (_arith._) any part of a unit: a technical term to indicate the breaking of the bread in the sacrifice of the Eucharist.--_v.t._ FRACT (_Shak._), to break, to violate.--_adjs._ FRACT'ED (_her._), having a part displaced, as if broken; FRAC'TIONAL, belonging to or containing a fraction or fractions; FRAC'TIONARY, fractional: unimportant.--_v.t._ FRAC'TIONATE, to separate the elements of a mixture by distillation or otherwise.--_n._ FRACTION[=A]'TION.--_v.t._ FRAC'TIONISE, to break up into fractions.--_n._ FRAC'TIONLET, a small fraction.--_adj._ FRAC'TIOUS, ready to quarrel: cross.--_adv._ FRAC'TIOUSLY.--_ns._ FRAC'TIOUSNESS; FRAC'TURE, the breaking of any hard body: the breach or part broken: the breaking of a bone.--_v.t._ to break through.--COMPOUND, COMMINUTED, COMPLICATED FRACTURE (see the respective adjectives); GREENSTICK FRACTURE, a fracture where the bone is partly broken, partly bent, occurring in the limbs of children; SIMPLE FRACTURE, a fracture when the bone only is divided. [O. Fr. _fraccion_--L. _fraction-em_--_frang[)e]re_, _fractum_, to break.]

FRAGARIA, fr[=a]-g[=a]'ri-a, _n._ a genus of perennial plants with creeping stolons, the fruit the strawberry. [L. _fragum_, the strawberry.]

FRAGILE, fraj'il, _adj._ easily broken: frail: delicate.--_n._ FRAGIL'ITY, the state of being fragile. [Fr.,--L. _fragilis_, _frang[)e]re_, to break.]

FRAGMENT, frag'ment, _n._ a piece broken off: an unfinished portion.--_adj._ FRAG'MENTAL (also -ment').--_adv._ FRAG'MENTARILY.--_n._ FRAG'MENTARINESS.--_adjs._ FRAG'MENTARY, FRAG'MENTED, consisting of fragments or pieces: broken. [Fr.,--L. _fragmentum_, _frang[)e]re_, to break.]

FRAGOR, fr[=a]'gor, _n._ a crash. [L.]

FRAGRANT, fr[=a]'grant, _adj._ sweet-scented.--_ns._ FR[=A]'GRANCE, FR[=A]'GRANCY, pleasantness of smell or perfume: sweet or grateful influence.--_adv._ FR[=A]'GRANTLY.--_n._ FR[=A]'GRANTNESS. [Fr.,--L. _fragrans_, _-antis_, pr.p. of _fragr[=a]re_, to smell.]

FRAIL, fr[=a]l, _adj._ wanting in strength or firmness: weak: unchaste.--_adj._ FRAIL'ISH, somewhat frail.--_adv._ FRAIL'LY.--_ns._ FRAIL'NESS, FRAIL'TY, weakness: infirmity. [O. Fr. _fraile_--L. _fragilis_, fragile.]

FRAIL, fr[=a]l, _n._ a rush: a basket made of rushes. [O. Fr. _frayel_; of dubious origin.]

FRAISE, fr[=a]z, _n._ (_fort._) a palisade of pointed stakes planted in the rampart horizontally or in an inclined position: a tool used for enlarging a drill-hole: a 16th-cent. ruff.--_v.t._ to fence with a fraise. [Fr.]

FRAISE, fr[=a]z, _n._ (_prov._) commotion.

FRAMBOESIA, fram-b[=e]'zi-a, _n._ the yaws (q.v.). [Fr. _framboise_, a raspberry.]

FRAME, fr[=a]m, _v.t._ to form: to shape: to construct by fitting the parts to each other: to plan, adjust, or adapt to an end: to contrive or devise: to constitute: to put a frame or border round, as a picture: to put into a frame: (_Spens._) to support.--_v.i._ (_dial._) to move: (_B._) to contrive.--_n._ the form: a putting together of parts: a case made to enclose or support anything: the skeleton of anything: state of mind: in gardening, a movable structure used for the cultivation or the sheltering of plants, as a 'forcing-frame,' 'cucumber-frame,' &c.: (_Shak._) the act of devising.--_ns._ FRAME'-BRIDGE, a bridge constructed of pieces of timber framed together; FRAME'-HOUSE, a house consisting of a skeleton of timber, with boards or shingles laid on; FRAME'-MAK'ER, a maker of frames for pictures; FRAM'ER, he who forms or constructs: one who makes frames for pictures, &c.; FRAME'-SAW, a thin saw stretched in a frame for greater rigidity; FRAME'WORK, the work that forms the frame: the skeleton or outline of anything; FRAM'ING, the act of constructing: a frame or setting. [A.S. _framian_, to be helpful, _fram_, forward.]

FRAMPOLD, fram'p[=o]ld, _adj._ (_Shak._) peevish, cross-grained: quarrelsome.--Also FRAM'PEL. [Prob. _fram_, from, _poll_, head.]

FRANC, frangk, _n._ a French silver coin, forming since 1795 the unit of the French monetary system, and now also used in Belgium, Switzerland, equal to fully 9-1/2d. sterling, the equivalent of the Italian _lira_, the Greek _drachma_. [O. Fr. _franc_, from the legend _Francorum rex_ on the first coins.]

FRANCHISE, fran'chiz, or -ch[=i]z, _n._ liberty: a privilege or exemption belonging to a subject by prescription or conferred by grant: the right of voting for a member of Parliament.--_v.t._ to enfranchise: to give one the franchise.--_ns._ FRAN'CHISEMENT (_Spens._), freedom, release; FRAN'CHISER, one who has the franchise. [O. Fr., from _franc_, free.]

FRANCISCAN, fran-sis'kan, _adj._ belonging to the order of mendicant friars in the R.C. Church founded by St _Francis_ of Assisi (1182-1226).--_n._ a monk of this order. [L. _Franciscus_, Francis.]

FRANCO-, frangk'[=o], French, in combinations as _Franco-German_, _Franco-Russian_, &c.

FRANCOLIN, frang'k[=o]-lin, _n._ a genus of birds of the grouse family, closely allied to partridges. [Fr.]

FRANC-TIREUR, frang-t[=e]-r[.e]r', _n._ a French sharp-shooter, one of an armed band of French peasants and others prominent in the later stages of the Franco-Prussian war. [Fr. _franc_, free, _tireur_, a shooter.]

FRANGIBLE, fran'ji-bl, _adj._ easily broken.--_n._ FRANGIBIL'ITY. [See FRACTION.]

FRANGIPANE, fran'ji-p[=a]n, _n._ a kind of pastry-cake, filled with cream, almonds, and sugar: a perfume from the flower of the red jasmine, or in imitation of it.--Also FRAN'GIPANI. [Fr., from a personal name.]

FRANION, fran'yun, _n._ (_Spens._) a paramour: a boon-companion. [Origin uncertain.]

FRANK, frangk, _adj._ free, open: (_obs._) liberal: open or candid in expression: (_Spens._) unrestrained.--_v.t._ to send free of expense, as a letter.--_n._ the signature of a person who had the right to frank a letter.--_n._ FRANK'-FEE, a species of tenure in fee-simple, the opposite of copyhold.--_adv._ FRANK'LY, candidly: (_obs._) gratuitously.--_ns._ FRANK'NESS; FRANK'-PLEDGE, a system of mutual suretyship by which the members of a tithing were made responsible for one another; FRANK'-TEN'EMENT, freehold. [O. Fr. _franc_--Low L. _francus_--Old High Ger. _Franko_, one of the tribe called Franks, a free man.]

FRANK, frangk, _n._ one of the German tribes from _Franconia_ who conquered Gaul in the 5th century, and founded France: the name given in the East to a native of Western Europe.--_adj._ FRANK'ISH.

FRANK, frangk, _n._ (_Shak._) a pig-sty.--_v.t._ (_Shak._) to shut up in a sty, to cram, to fatten. [O. Fr. _franc_.]

FRANKALMOIGN, frangk'al-moin, _n._ (_Eng. law_) a form of land-tenure in which no obligations were enforced except religious ones, as praying, &c. [O. Fr. _franc_, free, _almoigne_, alms.]

FRANKENSTEIN, frangk'en-st[=i]n, _n._ any creation which brings anxiety or disaster to its author--from the _Frankenstein_ in Mrs Shelley's romance so named, who by his skill forms an animate creature like a man, only to his own torment.

FRANKINCENSE, frangk'in-sens, _n._ a sweet-smelling vegetable resin from Arabia, used in sacrifices. [O. Fr. _franc encens_, pure incense.]

FRANKLIN, frangk'lin, _n._ an old English freeholder, free from feudal servitude to a subject-superior. [Low L. _francus_, frank.]

FRANTIC, fran'tik, _adj._ mad, furious: wild.--_advs._ FRAN'TICALLY, FRAN'TICLY (_Shak._).--_adj._ FRAN'TIC-MAD, raving mad.--_n._ FRAN'TICNESS, the state of being frantic. [O. Fr. _frenetique_--L. _phreneticus_--Gr. _phren[=e]tikos_, mad, _phren[=i]tis_, inflammation of the brain--_phr[=e]n_, the mind; see FRENZY.]

FRANZY, fran'zi, _adj._ (_prov._) cross: particular.

FRAP, frap, _v.t._ to strike: (_naut._) to secure by many turns of a lashing. [Fr. _frapper_, to strike.]

FRAPP['E], fra-p[=a], _adj._ iced, cooled. [Fr.]

FRATCH, frach, _n._ (_prov._) a quarrel or brawl.--_adjs._ FRATCH'ETY, FRATCH'Y; FRATCH'ING. [Imit.]

FRATER, fr[=a]'ter, _n._ the refectory of a monastery. [O. Fr. _fraitur_ for _refreitor_.--Low L. _refect[=o]rium_.]

FRATERNAL, fra-t[.e]r'nal, _adj._ belonging to a brother or brethren: becoming brothers.--_ns._ FRATE (fr[:a]'te), a friar:--_pl._ FR[:A]'TI; FR[=A]'TER, a friar: comrade; FRATER'CULA, a genus of marine diving-birds, the puffins or masked auks.--_adv._ FRATER'NALLY.--_n._ FRATERNIS[=A]'TION, the associating as brethren.--_v.i._ FRAT'ERNISE, to associate as brothers: to seek brotherly fellowship.--_ns._ FRAT'ERNISER; FRATER'NITY, the state of being brethren: a society formed on a principle of brotherhood; FRAT'RY, the common-room of a monastic establishment, the chapter-house--also FRAT'ERY: a fraternity: a convent of friars. [Fr.,--Low L. _fraternalis_--_frater_, a brother, Eng. _brother_, Gr. _phrat[=e]r_, a clansman, Sans. _bhr[=a]ta_.]

FRATRICIDE, frat'ri-s[=i]d, _n._ one who kills his brother: the murder of a brother.--_adj._ FRAT'RICIDAL. [Fr.,--L. _frater_, _fratris_, _caed[)e]re_, to kill.]

FRAU, frow, _n._ a married woman, a wife.--_n._ FR[:A]U'LEIN, a young lady, miss--often in England for a German governess. [Ger.]

FRAUD, frawd, _n._ deceit: imposture: (_Milt._) a snare: a deceptive trick: (_coll._) a cheat: a fraudulent production.--_adj._ FRAUD'FUL, deceptive.--_adv._ FRAUD'FULLY.--_ns._ FRAUD'ULENCE, FRAUD'ULENCY.--_adj._ FRAUD'ULENT, using fraud: dishonest.--_adv._ FRAUD'ULENTLY.--FRAUDULENT BANKRUPTCY, a bankruptcy in which the insolvent is accessory, by concealment or otherwise, to the diminution of the funds divisible among his creditors.--PIOUS FRAUD, a deception practised with a good end in view: (_coll._) a religious humbug. [O. Fr.,--L. _fraus_, _fraudis_, fraud.]

FRAUGHT, frawt, _n._ a load, cargo: the freight of a ship.--_v.t._ to fill, store.--_v.i._ (_Shak._) to form the freight of a vessel.--_p.adj._ freighted, laden: filled.--_n._ FRAUGHT'AGE (_Shak._), loading, cargo. [Prob. Old Dut. _vracht_. Cf. FREIGHT.]

FRAXINELLA, frak-si-nel'a, _n._ a common name for cultivated species of dittany.--_n._ FRAX'INUS, the genus of _Oleaceae_ containing the common ash.

FRAY, fr[=a], _n._ an affray, a brawl.--_v.t._ (_B._) to frighten. [Abbrev. of _affray_.]

FRAY, fr[=a], _v.t._ to wear off by rubbing: to ravel out the edge of a stuff.--_v.i._ to become frayed.--_n._ FRAY'ING, the action of the verb fray: ravellings. [Fr. _frayer_--L. _fric[=a]re_, to rub.]

FRAZIL, fr[:a]z'il, _n._ anchor-ice. [Canadian Fr.; prob. Fr. _fraisil_, cinders.]

FRAZZLE, fraz'l, _v.t._ (_U.S._) to fray, wear out.--_n._ state of being worn out.

FREAK, fr[=e]k, _n._ a sudden caprice or fancy: sport: an abnormal production of nature, a monstrosity.--_ns._ FREAK'INESS, FREAK'ISHNESS.--_adjs._ FREAK'ISH, FREAK'FUL, apt to change the mind suddenly: capricious.--_adv._ FREAK'ISHLY. [A late word; cf. A.S. _fr['i]cian_, to dance.]

FREAK, fr[=e]k, _v.t._ to spot or streak: to variegate.--_n._ a streak of colour.

FRECK, frek, _adj._ (_Scot._) prompt, eager.--Also FRACK.

FRECKLE, frek'l, _v.t._ to spot: to colour with spots.--_n._ a yellowish or brownish-yellow spot on the skin, esp. of fair-haired persons: any small spot.--_n._ FRECK'LING, a little spot.--_adjs._ FRECK'LY, FRECK'LED, full of freckles. [Ice. _freknur_ (pl.), Dan. _fregne_.]

FREE, fr[=e], _adj._ not bound: at liberty: not under arbitrary government: unimpeded: set at liberty: guiltless: frank: lavish: not attached: exempt (with _from_): having a franchise (with _of_): gratuitous: bold, indecent: idiomatic, as a translation.--_v.t._ to set at liberty: to deliver from what confines: to rid (with _from_, of):--_pr.p._ free'ing; _pa.p._ freed.--_ns._ FREE'-AG'ENCY, state or power of acting freely, or without necessity or constraint upon the will; FREE'-AG'ENT; FREE'-AND-EAS'Y, a kind of public-house club where good fellows gather to smoke and sing; FREE'-BENCH, a widow's right to dower out of her husband's lands, so long as unmarried and chaste; FREE'-BOARD, the space between a vessel's line of flotation and the upper side of the deck; FREE'BOOTER (Dut. _vrijbuiter_), one who roves about freely in search of booty: a plunderer; FREE'BOOTERY.--_adj._ FREE'BOOTING, acting the part of a freebooter: robbing.--_n._ the practice of a freebooter: robbery, pillage.--_n._ FREE'BOOTY.--_adj._ FREE'BORN, born of free parents.--_ns._ FREE'-CIT'Y, a city having independent government; FREE'-COST, freedom from charges; FREED'MAN, a man who has been a slave, and has been freed or set free; FREE'DOM, liberty: frankness: separation: privileges connected with a city: improper familiarity: license; FREE'-FISH'ER, one who has a right to take fish in certain waters.--_adjs._ FREE-FOOT'ED (_Shak._) not restrained in movement; FREE'-HAND, applied to drawing by the unguided hand; FREE'-HAND'ED, open-handed: liberal; FREE'-HEART'ED, open-hearted: liberal.--_ns._ FREE'-HEART'EDNESS, liberality: frankness; FREE'HOLD, a property held free of duty except to the king; FREE'HOLDER, one who possesses a freehold; FREE'-L[=A]'BOUR, voluntary, not slave, labour; FREE'-LANCE, one of certain roving companies of knights and men-at-arms, who after the Crusades wandered about Europe, selling their services to any one; FREE'-LIV'ER, one who freely indulges his appetite for eating and drinking: a glutton; FREE'-LOVE, the claim to freedom in sexual relations, unshackled by marriage or obligation to aliment.--_adv._ FREE'LY.--_ns._ FREE'MAN, a man who is free or enjoys liberty: one who holds a particular franchise or privilege:--_pl._ FREE'MEN; FREE'M[=A]SON, one of a secret society of so-called speculative masons, united in lodges for social enjoyment and mutual assistance, and laying dubious claim to a connection with the medieval organisations of free operative masons.--_adj._ FREEMASON'IC.--_n._ FREEM[=A]'SONRY, the institutions, practices, &c. of Freemasons.--_adj._ FREE'-MIND'ED, with a mind free or unperplexed: without a load of care.--_ns._ FREE'NESS; FREE'-PORT, a port where no duties are levied on articles of commerce; FREE'-SCHOOL, a school where no tuition fees are exacted; FREE'-SHOT (Ger. _Freisch[:u]tz_), the name given to a legendary hunter and marksman who gets a number of bullets (_Freikugeln_) from the devil, six of which always hit the mark, while the seventh is at the disposal of the devil himself.--_adjs._ FREE'-SOIL, in favour of free territory, opposed to slavery; FREE'-SP[=O]K'EN, accustomed to speak without reserve.--_ns._ FREE'-SP[=O]K'ENNESS; FREE'STONE, an easily quarried stone composed of sand or grit.--_adj._ having a stone from which the pulp easily separates, as a peach--opp. to _Clingstone_.--_adj._ FREE'-SWIM'MING, swimming freely, as an aquatic animal.--_ns._ FREE'THINKER, one who professes to be free from conventional authority in religion: a rationalist; FREE'THINKING, FREE'-THOUGHT, the habit of mind of a freethinker.--_adj._ FREE'-TONGUED, free-spoken.--_ns._ FREE'-TRADE, free or unrestricted trade: free interchange of commodities without protective duties; FREE'-TRAD'ER, one who practises or advocates this; FREE'-WILL, freedom of the will from restraint: liberty of choice: power of self-determination.--_adj._ spontaneous.--FREE-CELL FORMATION, the formation of several cells from and in the protoplasm of the mother-cell; FREE CHURCH, that branch of the Presbyterians in Scotland which left the Established Church in the Disruption of 1843, finding spiritual independence impossible within it: a church whose sittings are open to all: (_pl._) a term often applied to the Nonconformist churches generally; FREE LIST, the list of persons admitted without payment to a theatre, &c., or of those to whom a book, &c., is sent; FREE ON BOARD (F.O.B.), a phrase meaning that goods are to be delivered on the vessel or other conveyance without charge.--FREE STATES, in America, before the Civil War of 1861-65, those of the United States in which slavery did not exist, as opposed to _Slave States_.--MAKE FREE WITH, to take undue liberties with. [A.S. _freo_; Ger. _frei_, Ice. _fr['i]_.]

FREEMARTIN, fr[=e]'mar-tin, _n._ a cow-calf born as a twin with a bull-calf, usually barren.

FREEZE, fr[=e]z, _v.i._ to become ice or like a solid body.--_v.t._ to harden into ice: to cause to shiver, as with terror:--_pr.p._ freez'ing; _pa.t._ fr[=o]ze; _pa.p._ froz'en.--_adj._ FREEZ'ABLE.--_ns._ FREEZ'ING-MIX'TURE, a mixture, as of pounded ice and salt, producing cold sufficient to freeze a liquid by the rapid absorption of heat; FREEZ'ING-POINT, the temperature at which water freezes, marked 32deg on the Fahrenheit thermometer, and 0deg on the centigrade. [A.S. _fr['e]osan_, pa.p. _froren_; Dut. _vreizen_, Ger. _frieren_, to freeze.]

FREIGHT, fr[=a]t, _n._ the lading or cargo, esp. of a ship; the charge for transporting goods by water.--_v.t._ to load a ship.--_ns._ FREIGHT'AGE, money paid for freight; FREIGHT'ER, one who freights a vessel. [Prob. Old Dut. _vrecht_, a form of _vracht_.]

FREISCH[:U]TZ. See FREE-SHOT.

FREIT, fr[=e]t, _n._ (_Scot._) any superstitious belief in things as good or bad omens--also FREET.--_adj._ FREIT'Y, FREET'Y, superstitious. [Scand.; Ice. _fr['e]tt_, news.]

FREMD, fremd, _adj._ and _n._ (_Scot._) strange, a stranger--Spenser has FRENNE, a stranger.--THE FREMD, the world of strangers. [M. E. _fremd_, _fremed_--A.S. _fremde_; cf. Dut. _vreemd_, Ger. _fremd_.]

FREMESCENT, frem-es'ent, _adj._ raging, riotous.--_n._ FREMES'CENCE. [L. _frem[)e]re_, to roar.]

FREMITUS, frem'i-tus, _n._ a palpable vibration, as of the walls of the chest. [L.]

FRENCH, frensh, _adj._ belonging to _France_ or its people.--_n._ the people or language of France.--_ns._ FRENCH'-BEAN, the common kidney bean, eaten, pods and all, as a table vegetable; FRENCH'-BERR'Y, a small berry, the fruit of certain species of buckthorn, used in dyeing yellow; FRENCH'-CHALK, an indurated clay, extremely dense, and of a smooth glossy surface and white colour; FRENCH'ERY, French fashions collectively; FRENCH'-HORN, a musical wind-instrument somewhat resembling a bugle; FRENCHIFIC[=A]'TION.--_v.t._ FRENCH'IFY, to make French or Frenchlike: to infect with the manner of the French.--_ns._ FRENCH'INESS; FRENCH'MAN, a native or naturalised inhabitant of France:--_fem._ FRENCH'WOMAN; FRENCH'-POL'ISH, a varnish for furniture, consisting chiefly of shellac dissolved in some spirit; FRENCH'-POL'ISHER; FRENCH'-POL'ISHING, the method of coating furniture with French-polish.--_adj._ FRENCH'Y, with an exaggerated French manner.--FRENCH MERINO, a fine twilled cloth of merino wool; FRENCH POX (_obs._), syphilis; FRENCH ROOF, a modified mansard-roof--really American; FRENCH WHITE, finely pulverised talc; FRENCH WINDOW, a long window opening like a folding-door, and serving for exit and entrance.--TAKE FRENCH LEAVE, to depart without notice or permission, to disappear suspiciously.

FRENETIC, -AL, fre-net'ik, -al, _adj._ frenzied: mad: distracted.--Also PHRENET'IC, -AL. [See FRANTIC.]

FRENUM, fr[=e]'num, _n._ a ligament restraining the motion of a part.--Also FRAE'NUM. [L., a bridle.]

FRENZY, fren'zi, _n._ a violent excitement: mania.--_v.t._ to render frenzied.--_adjs._ FREN'ZIED, FREN'ZICAL, partaking of frenzy. [Through O. Fr. and L.,--from Late Gr. _phren[=e]sis_=Gr. _phrenitis_, inflammation of the brain--_phr[=e]n_, the mind.]

FREQUENT, fr[=e]'kwent, _adj._ coming or occurring often.--_ns._ FR[=E]'QUENCE (_Milt._), a crowd, an assembly; FR[=E]'QUENCY, repeated occurrence of anything.--_v.t._ FREQUENT', to visit often.--_ns._ FR[=E]'QUENTAGE, habit of frequenting; FREQUENT[=A]'TION, the act of visiting often.--_adj._ FREQUENT'ATIVE (_gram._), denoting the frequent repetition of an action.--_n._ (_gram._) a verb expressing this repetition.--_n._ FREQUENT'ER.--_adv._ FR[=E]'QUENTLY.--_n._ FR[=E]'QUENTNESS. [L. _frequens_, _frequentis_; cog. with _farc[=i]re_, to stuff.]

FRESCADE, fres-k[=a]d', _n._ a cool walk. [Fr.,--It. _frescata_.]

FRESCO, fres'k[=o], _n._ a painting executed with colours, consisting chiefly of natural earths, upon walls covered with damp freshly-laid plaster.--_v.t._ to paint in fresco:--_pr.p._ fres'c[=o]ing; _pa.p._ fres'c[=o]ed.--_adj._ FRES'COED.--_ns._ FRES'COER; FRES'COING; FRES'COIST. [It. _fresco_, fresh.]