Part 24

GAG, gag, _v.t._ to forcibly stop the mouth: to silence: to choke up: to introduce gag into a piece:--_pr.p._ gag'ging; _pa.p._ gagged.--_n._ something thrust into the mouth or put over it to enforce silence, or distend the jaws during an operation: the closure applied in a debate: a mouthful which produces nausea, the fat of fresh beef boiled: (_slang_) an actor's interpolation: a joke or hoax.--_n._ GAG'GER, one who gags. [Prob. imitative of sound made in choking.]

GAG, gag, _v.t._ (_slang_) to deceive.--v.i. to practise imposture.--n. a made-up story, lie: (_U.S._) a laughing-stock.

GAGE, g[=a]j, _n._ a pledge: something thrown down as a challenge, as a glove.--_v.t._ to bind by pledge or security: offer as a guarantee: to stake, wager. [O. Fr. _guage_, from Teut. See WED.]

GAGE. See GAUGE.

GAGE, g[=a]j, _n._ name applied to several varieties of plum. [See GREENGAGE.]

GAGGLE, gag'l, _n._ a flock of geese, or of women.--_v.i._ to cackle.--_n._ GAGG'LING, cackling.--_adj._ garrulous.

GAG-TOOTH, gag'-t[=oo]th, _n._ a projecting tooth.--_adj._ GAG'-TOOTHED.

GAIETY, GAILY. See GAY.

GAIKWAR, g[=i]k'war, _n._ name of the ruler of Baroda in India. [Marathi _g[=a]e_--Sans. _go_, a cow, bull.]

GAIN, g[=a]n, _v.t._ to obtain by effort: to earn: to be successful in: to draw to one's own party, bribe: to reach: to make advance: (_N. T._) to escape.--_n._ that which is gained: profit.--_adj._ GAIN'ABLE.--_n._ GAIN'ER.--_adj._ GAIN'FUL.--_adv._ GAIN'FULLY.--_n._ GAIN'FULNESS.--_n.pl._ GAIN'INGS.--_adj._ GAIN'LESS.--_n._ GAIN'LESSNESS.--GAIN GROUND (see GROUND); GAIN UPON, to overtake by degrees. [O. Fr. _gain_, _gaain_, _gaigner_, _gaaignier_, from Teut., as in _weidenen_, to graze, to seek forage, _weida_, pasture.]

GAIN, g[=a]n, _adj._ (_prov._) near, straight. [Ice. _gegn_.]

GAINGIVING, g[=a]n'giv-ing, _n._ (_Shak._) misgiving.

GAINLY, g[=a]n'li, _adj._ agile, handsome. See UNGAINLY.

GAINSAY, g[=a]n's[=a], _v.t._ to contradict: to deny: to dispute.--_ns._ GAIN'SAYER (_B._), an opposer; GAIN'SAYING.--_v.t._ GAIN'STRIVE (_Spens._), to strive against. [A.S. _gegn_, against, and _say_.]

GAINST, a poetic abbreviation of _against_.

GAIR, g[=a]r, _n._ (_Scot._) gore.

GAIRFOWL. See GAREFOWL.

GAIRISH. See GARISH.

GAIT, g[=a]t, _n._ way or manner of walking, step, pace.--_adj._ GAIT'ED, having a particular gait. [A special use of _gate_.]

GAIT, g[=a]t, _n._ (_prov._) a sheaf of corn: charge for pasturage.

GAITER, g[=a]t'[.e]r, _n._ a covering of cloth, &c., for the ankle, fitting down upon the shoe. [Fr. _gu[^e]tre_, _guietre_.]

GAL, gal, _n._ (_prov._) a girl.

GALA, g[=a]'la, _n._ festivity.--_n._ G[=A]'LA-DRESS, gay costume for a gala-day. [Fr. _gala_, show--It. _gala_, finery.]

GALACTIC, ga-lak'tik, _adj._ pertaining to or obtained from milk: (_astron._) pertaining to the Milky-Way.--_ns._ GALAC'TAGOGUE, a medicine which promotes the secretion of milk; GALAC'TIA, a morbid flow or deficiency of milk; GALAC'TIN, lactose; GALACTOM'ETER, an instrument for finding the quality of milk by indicating its specific gravity; GALACTOPH'AGIST, one who lives on milk.--_adjs._ GALACTOPH'AGOUS, living on milk; GALACTOPH'OROUS, milk-carrying; GALACTOPOIET'IC, milk-producing.--_n._ GALACTORRHOE'A, a too abundant flow of milk. [Gr. _gala_, _galaktos_, milk.]

GALAGE, an obs. form of _galosh_.

GALAGO, ga-l[=a]'go, _n._ a genus of large-eared, long-tailed African lemurs, arboreal and nocturnal in habit, living on fruit and insects.

GALANGAL. See GALINGALE.

GALANTINE, gal'an-t[=i]n, _n._ a dish of poultry or veal, boned, tied up tight, cooked, and served cold. [Fr.,--Low L. _galatina_ for _gelatina_, jelly. See GELATINE.]

GALANTY SHOW, gal-an'ti sh[=o], _n._ a shadow pantomime produced by throwing shadows of miniature figures on a wall or screen. [Prob. It. _galanti_, pl. of _galante_. See GALLANT.]

GALATIAN, ga-l[=a]'shi-an, _adj._ pertaining to _Galatia_ in Asia Minor--colonised by Gauls in the 3d century B.C.--_n._ a native of Galatia.

GALAXY, gal'ak-si, _n._ the Milky-Way, or the luminous band of stars stretching across the heavens: any splendid assemblage. [Through Fr. and L., from Gr. _galaxias_--_gala_, milk.]

GALBANUM, gal'ban-um, _n._ a resinous juice obtained from an Eastern plant, used in medicine and in the arts, and by the Jews in the preparation of the sacred incense.--Also GAL'BAN. [L.,--Gr. _chalban[=e]_, prob. an Eastern word.]

GALE, g[=a]l, _n._ a strong wind between a stiff breeze and a hurricane: (_coll._) a state of noisy excitement. [Prob. elliptical for _gale_ (or _gall_) _wind_. Mr Bradley disfavours the Scand. ety., which connects with Dan. _gal_, mad, Norw. _galen_, raging.]

GALE, g[=a]l, _n._ a shrub growing in marshy spots, usually called SWEET-GALE. [Prob. A.S. _gagel_; cf. Ger. _gagel_, a myrtle-bush.]

GALE, g[=a]l, _n._ a periodic payment of rent. [_Gavel._]

GALEATE, -D, g[=a]'le-[=a]t, -ed, _adj._ (_bot._, _ornith._, and _anat._) helmeted. [L. _gale[=a]tus_--_galea_, a helmet.]

GALENA, g[=a]-l[=e]'na, _n._ a mineral which is essentially a sulphide of lead--also GAL[=E]'NITE.--_adjs._ GAL[=E]'NIC, -AL, GAL[=E]'NOID. [L. _galena_, lead-ore.]

GALENIC, -AL, g[=a]-len'ik, -al, _adj._ pertaining to _Galen_, the 2d-cent. Greek physician, or to his methods and theories.--_ns._ G[=A]'LENISM; G[=A]'LENIST.

GALEOPITHECUS, g[=a]-li-o-pi-th[=e]'kus, _n._ a flying lemur.--_adjs._ GALEOPITH[=E]'CINE, GALEOPITH[=E]'COID.

GALILEAN, gal-i-l[=e]'an, _adj._ of or pertaining to _Galileo_, a great Italian mathematician (1564-1642).--GALILEAN LAW, the law of the uniform acceleration of falling bodies; GALILEAN TELESCOPE, a telescope with a concave lens for its eye-piece.

GALILEAN, gal-i-l[=e]'an, _adj._ of or pertaining to _Galilee_, one of the Roman divisions of Palestine.--_n._ a native of Galilee: a Christian.

GALILEE, gal'i-l[=e], _n._ (_archit._) a porch or chapel at the west end of some abbey churches, in which penitents were placed, and where ecclesiastics met women who had business with them.--GALILEE PORCH, a galilee which has direct communication with the exterior. [Prob. suggested from Mark, xvi. 7, 'He goeth before you into _Galilee_.']

GALIMATIAS, gal-i-m[=a]'shi-as, _n._ nonsense, gibberish: any confused mixture of unlike things. [Fr.]

GALINGALE, gal'in-g[=a]l, _n._ the aromatic root of certain E. Indian plants of genera _Alpinia_ and _Kaempferia_, formerly much used in medicine and cookery: the tuber of _Cyperus longus_, of ancient medicinal repute: also the whole plant.--Also GALAN'GAL. [O. Fr. _galingal_--Ar. _khalanj[=a]n_--Chin. _ko-liang-kiang_--_Ko_, a Chinese province, _liang_, mild, and _kiang_, ginger.]

GALIONGEE, gal-yon-j[=e]', _n._ a Turkish sailor. [Turk. _q[=a]ly[=u]nj[=i]_, deriv. of _q[=a]ly[=u]n_--It. _galeone_, galleon.]

GALIPOT, gal'i-pot, _n._ the white resin which exudes from pine, yielding, when refined, white, yellow, or Burgundy pitch. [Fr.]

GALL, gawl, _n._ the greenish-yellow fluid secreted from the liver, called bile: bitterness: malignity.--_ns._ GALL-BLADD'ER, a pear-shaped bag lying on the under side of the liver, a reservoir for the bile; GALL'-STONE, a hard concretion in the gall-bladder or biliary ducts.--GALL AND WORMWOOD, anything extremely disagreeable and annoying.--IN THE GALL OF BITTERNESS, in a state of extreme hostility to God (Acts, viii. 23). [A.S. _gealla_, gall; cf. Ger. _galle_, Gr. _chol[=e]_, L. _fel_.]

GALL, gawl, _n._ a light nut-like ball which certain insects produce on the oak-tree, used in dyeing--also GALL'-NUT.--_v.t._ to fret or hurt the skin by rubbing: to annoy: to enrage.--_v.i._ (_Shak._) to act in a galling manner.--_ns._ GALL'ATE, a salt of gallic acid; GALL'FLY, an insect which occasions gall on plants by puncturing.--_adj._ GALL'ING, irritating.--_adv._ GALL'INGLY.--GALLIC ACID, a crystalline substance obtained from gall-nuts, and used in making ink. [Fr. _galle_--L. _galla_, oak-apple.]

GALLANT, gal'ant, _adj._ brave: noble: (rare) gay, splendid, magnificent: courteous or attentive to ladies: amorous, erotic (sometimes gal-ant').--_n._ a gay, dashing person: a man of fashion: suitor, seducer.--_adv._ GALL'ANTLY.--_ns._ GALL'ANTNESS; GALL'ANTRY, bravery: intrepidity: attention or devotion to ladies, often in a bad sense, amorous intrigue: (_Shak._) gallants collectively. [Fr. _galant_--O. Fr. _gale_, a merrymaking; prob. Teut.]

GALLEASS, gal'e-as, _n._ (_Shak._) a vessel of the same construction as a galley, but larger and heavier.--Also GALL'IASS. [O. Fr. _galeace_--It. _galeaza_, augmented from, _galea_, galley.]

GALLEON, gal'i-un, _n._ a large Spanish vessel with lofty stem and stern, mostly used formerly for carrying treasure. [Sp. _galeon_. Cf. GALLEY.]

GALLERY, gal'[.e]r-i, _n._ a balcony surrounded by rails: a long passage: the upper floor of seats in a church or theatre: the persons occupying the gallery at a theatre: a room for the exhibition of works of art: (_fort._) a covered passage cut through the earth or masonry: a level or drive in a mine.--_adj._ GALL'ERIED, furnished with, or arranged like, a gallery.--PLAY TO THE GALLERY, to play so as to win the applause of the least intelligent amongst the spectators. [O. Fr. _galerie_ (It. _galleria_).]

GALLEY, gal'i, _n._ a long, low-built ship with one deck, propelled by oars: a state barge: the captain's boat on a war-ship: the place where the cooking is done on board ship: a kind of boat attached to a ship-of-war: (_print._) a flat oblong tray in which the compositor places the type he has set up.--_ns._ GALL'EY-PROOF, an impression taken from type on a galley; GALL'EY-SLAVE, one condemned for crime to work like a slave at the oar of a galley. [O. Fr. _galie_--Low L. _galea_.]

GALLIAMBIC, gal-i-am'bik, _adj._ constituting a _galliambus_, a verse consisting of four Ionics a minore ([uu--]), with variations and substitutions. [Used by the _Galli_, priests of the Phrygian goddess Cybele.]

GALLIARD, gal'yard, _adj._ (_arch._) brisk, lively.--_n._ a spirited dance for two, common in the 16th and 17th centuries: a gay fellow.--_n._ GALL'IARDISE, gaiety: a merry trick. [O. Fr. _gaillard_; cf. Sp. _gallardo_.]

GALLIC, gal'ik, _adj._ pertaining to _Gaul_ or France.--_adj._ GALL'ICAN, of or pertaining to France: esp. pertaining to the Roman Catholic Church in France.--_n._ one holding Gallican doctrines.--_n._ GALL'ICANISM, the spirit of nationalism within the French Church--as opposed to _Ultramontanism_, or the absolute subjection of everything to the personal authority of the pope.--_adv._ GALLICE (gal'i-s[=e]), in French.--_n._ GALL'ICISM, the use in English or any other language of a word or idiom peculiar to the French.--_vs.t._ GALL'IC[=I]ZE, GALL'IC[=I]SE, to make French in opinions, habits, &c. [L. _Gallicus_--_Gallia_, Gaul.]

GALLIGASKINS, gal-i-gas'kinz, _n.pl._ large open hose or trousers: leggings worn by sportsmen. [A corr. of O. Fr. _garguesque_--It. _Grechesco_, Greekish--L. _Graecus_, Greek.]

GALLIMAUFRY, gal-i-maw'fri, _n._ (_Shak._) any inconsistent or absurd medley: a medley of persons. [O. Fr. _galimafr['e]e_, a ragout, hash.]

GALLINACEOUS, gal-in-[=a]'shus, _adj._ pertaining to the order of birds to which the domestic fowl, pheasant, &c. belong. [L. _gallina_, a hen--_gallus_, a cock.]

GALLINULE, gal'i-n[=u]l, _n._ a genus of aquatic birds closely allied to the coots, of which the common water-hen is a species. [L. _gallinula_, dim. of _gallina_, a hen.]

GALLIO, gal'i-o, _n._ a careless, easy-going man who keeps himself free from trouble and responsibility. [From the proconsul of Achaia in 53 A.D., Junius Annaeus _Gallio_, who refused to listen to the Jewish clamour against Paul (Acts, xviii. 12-17).]

GALLIOT, GALIOT, gal'i-ot, _n._ a small galley: an old Dutch cargo-boat, also a bomb-ketch. [Fr. _galiote_--Low L. _galea_, galley.]

GALLIPOT, gal'i-pot, _n._ a small glazed pot for containing medicine. [Prob. _pottery_ such as was brought in _galleys_; not likely to be the Old Dut. _gleipot_, a glazed pot.]

GALLIUM, gal'i-um, _n._ a rare malleable metal, grayish-white, brilliant in lustre.

GALLIVANT, gal-i-vant', _v.i._ to spend time frivolously, esp. in flirting. [Perh. a variation of _gallant_.]

GALLIVAT, gal'i-vat, _n._ a large two-masted Malay boat.

GALLIWASP, gal'i-wasp, _n._ a West Indian lizard.

GALLIZE, gal'[=i]z, _v.t._ to treat unfermented grape-juice with water and sugar, so as to increase the quantity of wine produced. [From Dr L. _Gall_ of Treves.]

GALLOGLASS, gal'lo-glas, _n._ a soldier or armed retainer of a chief in ancient Ireland and other Celtic countries.--Also GAL'LOWGLASS. [Ir. _gall['o]gl['a]ch_--Ir. _gall_, foreign, _['o]gl['a]ch_, youth.]

GALLOMANIA, gal-o-m[=a]'ni-a, _n._ a mania for French ways.

GALLON, gal'un, _n._ the standard measure of capacity=4 quarts. [O. Fr. _galun_, _galon_, _jalon_; app. cog. with Fr. _jale_, a bowl.]

GALLOON, ga-l[=oo]n', _n._ a kind of lace: a narrow ribbon made of silk or worsted, or of both.--_adj._ GALLOONED', adorned with galloon. [Fr. _galon_, _galonner_; prob. cog. with _gallant_.]

GALLOP, gal'up, _v.i._ to move by leaps, as a horse: to ride a galloping horse: to move very fast.--_v.t._ to cause to gallop.--_n._ the pace at which a horse runs when the forefeet are lifted together and the hindfeet together: a ride at a gallop.--_n._ GALL'OPER, one who, or that which, gallops.--_part._ and _adj._ GALL'OPING, proceeding at a gallop: (_fig._) advancing rapidly, as in the phrase, 'a galloping consumption.'--CANTERBURY GALLOP, a moderate gallop of a horse (see CANTER). [O. Fr. _galop_, _galoper_; prob. Teut., related to _leap_. There is a Flemish and a Middle High Ger. _walop_ (n.). The root is seen in Old Fries. _walla_, to boil; cf. WELL (1).]

GALLOPADE, gal-up-[=a]d', _n._ a quick kind of dance--then, the music appropriate to it: a sidewise gallop.--_v.i._ to move briskly: to perform a gallopade. [Fr.]

GALLOVIDIAN, gal-o-vid'yan, _adj._ belonging to Galloway.--_n._ a native thereof.

GALLOW, gal'l[=o], _v.t._ (_Shak._) to frighten or terrify. [A.S. _a-g['ae]lwian_, to astonish.]

GALLOWAY, gal'o-w[=a], _n._ a small strong horse, 13-15 hands high, originally from _Galloway_ in Scotland: a breed of large black hornless cattle.

GALLOWS, gal'us, _n._ a wooden frame on which criminals are executed by hanging--a _pl._ used as a _sing._, and having (_Shak._) the double _pl._ 'gallowses' (used also _coll._ originally for a pair of braces for supporting the trousers): (_Shak._) a wretch who deserves the gallows: any contrivance with posts and cross-beam for suspending objects: a rest for the tympan of a hand printing-press: the main frame of a beam-engine.--_ns._ GALL'OWS-BIRD, a person who deserves hanging; GALL'OWS-BITTS, a frame fixed in a ship's deck to support spare spars.--_adj._ GALL'OWS-FREE, free from danger of hanging.--_n._ GALL'OWSNESS (_slang_), recklessness.--_adj._ GALL'OWS-RIPE, ready for the gallows.--_n._ GALL'OWS-TREE, a tree used as a gallows.--CHEAT THE GALLOWS, to escape hanging though deserving it. [M. E. _galwes_ (pl.)--A.S. _galga_; Ger. _galgen_.]

GALLY, gal'i, _v.i._ (_prov._) to scare, daze.--_ns._ GALL'Y-BEG'GAR, GALL'ICROW, GALL'YCROW, a scarecrow.

GALOOT, ga-l[=oo]t', _n._ (_U.S._) a recruit, a clumsy fellow.

GALOP, gal'op, _n._ a lively round dance of German origin: music for such a dance. [Fr.; cf. GALLOP.]

GALOPIN, gal'o-pin, _n._ (_Scot._) a kitchen boy. [O. Fr.,--_galoper_, to gallop.]

GALORE, ga-l[=o]r', _adv._ in abundance, plentifully.--_n._ abundance. [Ir. _go le['o]r_, sufficiently--_go_, an adverbialising particle, _le['o]r_, sufficient.]

GALOSH, ga-losh', _n._ a shoe or slipper worn over another in wet weather--also GALOCHE', GOLOSH'. [Fr. _galoche_--Gr. _kalopodion_, dim. of _kalopous_, a shoemaker's last--_k[=a]lon_, wood, _pous_, the foot.]

GALRAVAGE. See GILRAVAGE.

GALT. See GAULT.

GALUMPH, gal-umf', _v.i._ to march along boundingly and exultingly. [A coinage of Lewis Carroll.]

GALVANISM, gal'van-izm, _n._ a branch of the science of electricity which treats of electric currents produced by chemical agents.--_adj._ GALVAN'IC, belonging to or exhibiting galvanism.--_n._ GALVANIS[=A]'TION.--_v.t._ GAL'VAN[=I]SE, to subject to the action of a galvanic current: to confer a false vitality upon.--_ns._ GAL'VANIST, GAL'VAN[=I]SER; GALVAN'OGRAPH, a printing-surface resembling an engraved copper-plate, produced by an electrotype process from a drawing made with viscid ink on a silvered plate: an impression taken from such a plate; GALVANOG'RAPHY; GALVANOL'OGIST, a student of galvanology; GALVANOL'OGY, the science of galvanic phenomena; GALVANOM'ETER, an instrument for measuring the strength of galvanic currents; GALVANOM'ETRY.--_adj._ GALVANOPLAS'TIC.--_ns._ GALVANOPLAS'TY, electrotypy; GALVAN'OSCOPE, an instrument for detecting the existence and direction of an electric current.--GALVANIC BATTERY, a series of zinc or copper plates susceptible of galvanic action; GALVANISED IRON, the name given to iron coated with zinc to prevent rusting. [From Luigi _Galvani_, of Bologna, the discoverer (1737-98).]

GALWEGIAN, gal-w[=e]'ji-an, _adj._ belonging to Galloway.--_n._ a native thereof.--Also GALLOW[=E]'GIAN.

GAM, gam, _v.t._ and _v.i._ to make a call on, to exchange courtesies with: to gather in a flock, as whales.--_n._ a school or herd of whales. [Prob. a corr. of _jam_.]

GAM, gam, _n._ (_Scot._) the mouth:--_pl._ tusks.

GAM, gam, _n._ (_slang_) a leg.

GAMA-GRASS, g[:a]'ma-gr[:a]s, _n._ a grass with very large culms, 4 to 7 feet high, grown in Mexico.

GAMASH, gam-ash', _n._ a kind of leggings or gaiters.

GAMB, gamb, _n._ a leg or shank: (_her._) a beast's whole foreleg=GAMB'A (_anat._), the metacarpus or metatarsus of ruminants, &c.: short for _viol da gamba_. [Low L. _gamba_, a leg. See GAMBOL.]

GAMBADO, gam-b[=a]'do, _n._ a leather covering for the legs to defend them from mud in riding: boots affixed to the saddle in place of stirrups. [It. _gamba_, the leg.]

GAMBADO, gam-b[=a]'do, _n._ a bound or spring of a horse: a fantastic movement, a caper. [Sp. _gambada_; cf. GAMBOL.]

GAMBESON, gam'be-son, _n._ an ancient coat for defence, worn under the habergeon, of leather, or of cloth stuffed and quilted.--Also GAM'BISON. [O. Fr.--Low L. _gambes[=o]n-em_; prob. Teut., as in _wamb[^a]_, the belly.]

GAMBET, gam'bet, _n._ the redshank.

GAMBIER, gam'b[=e]r, _n._ an astringent substance prepared from the leaves of a shrub of the East Indies, and largely used in tanning and dyeing.--Also GAM'BIR. [Malayan.]

GAMBIST, gam'bist, _n._ a player on the gamba or _viol da gamba_.

GAMBIT, gam'bit, _n._ a mode of opening a game of chess by sacrificing a pawn early in the game for the purpose of making a powerful attack. [It. _gambetto_, a tripping up--_gamba_, leg.]

GAMBLE, gam'bl, _v.i._ to play for money in games of chance or skill: to engage in wild financial speculations.--_v.t._ to squander away.--_n._ a gambling transaction.--_ns._ GAM'BLER, one who gambles, esp. who makes it his business; GAM'BLING-HOUSE, a house kept for the accommodation of people who play at games of hazard for money. [For _gamm-le_ or _gam-le_, a freq. which has ousted M. E. _gamenen_--A.S. _gamenian_, to play at games--_gamen_, a game.]

GAMBOGE, gam-b[=o]j', or gam-b[=oo]j', _n._ a yellow gum-resin used as a pigment and in medicine.--_adjs._ GAMBOG'IAN, GAMBOG'IC. [From _Cambodia_, in Asia, whence brought about 1600.]

GAMBOL, gam'bol, _v.i._ to leap, skip: to frisk in sport:--_pr.p._ gam'bolling; _pa.p._ gam'bolled.--_n._ a skipping: playfulness. [Formerly _gambold_--O. Fr. _gambade_--It. _gambata_, a kick--Low L. _gamba_, leg.]

GAMBREL, gam'brel, _n._ the hock of a horse: a crooked stick used by butchers for suspending a carcass while dressing it.--GAMBREL ROOF, a curved or hipped roof. [O. Fr. _gamberel_; cf. Fr. _gambier_, a hooked stick; prob. Celt. _cam_, crooked.]

GAMBROON, gam-br[=oo]n', _n._ a twilled cloth of worsted and cotton, or linen. [Prob. _Gambroon_ in Persia.]

GAME, g[=a]m, _n._ sport of any kind: an exercise or contest for recreation or amusement, esp. athletic contests: the stake in a game: the manner of playing a game: the requisite number of points to be gained to win a game: jest, sport, trick, artifice: any object of pursuit or desire: (_Shak._) gallantry: the spoil of the chase: wild animals protected by law and hunted by sportsmen, the flesh of such--hares, pheasants, partridges, grouse, blackcock.--_adj._ of or belonging to such animals as are hunted as game: plucky, courageous: (_slang_) having the spirit to do something.--_v.i._ to gamble.--_ns._ GAME'-BAG, a bag for holding a sportsman's game, also the whole amount of game taken at one time; GAME'COCK, a cock trained to fight; GAME'KEEPER, one who has the care of game.--_n.pl._ GAME'-LAWS, laws relating to the protection of certain animals called game.--_adv._ GAMELY.--_ns._ GAME'NESS; GAME'-PRESERV'ER, one who preserves game on his property for his own sport or profit.--_adj._ GAME'SOME, playful.--_ns._ GAME'SOMENESS, sportiveness: merriment; GAME'STER, one viciously addicted to gambling: a gambler; GAME'-TEN'ANT, one who rents the privilege of shooting or fishing over a particular estate or district; GAM'ING, gambling; GAM'ING-HOUSE, a gambling-house, a hell; GAM'ING-T[=A]'BLE, a table used for gambling.--_adj._ GAM'Y, having the flavour of dead game kept till tainted: (_coll._) spirited, plucky.--BIG GAME, the larger animals hunted; DIE GAME, to keep up courage to the last; MAKE A GAME OF, to play with real energy or skill; MAKE GAME OF, to make sport of, to ridicule; RED GAME, the Scotch ptarmigan; ROUND GAME, a game, as at cards, in which the number of players is not fixed; THE GAME IS NOT WORTH THE CANDLE (see CANDLE); THE GAME IS UP, the game is started: the scheme has failed. [A.S. _gamen_, play; Ice. _gaman_, Dan. _gammen_.]

GAME, g[=a]m, _adj._ (_slang_) crooked, lame. [Most prob. not the Celt. _cam_, crooked.]

GAMIC, gam'ik, _adj._ having a sexual character, of an ovum--opp. to _Agamic_.--_ns._ GAMETE (gam-[=e]t'), a sexual protoplasmic body; GAMOGEN'ESIS, sexual reproduction.--_adjs._ GAMOPET'ALOUS (_bot._), having the petals united at the base; GAMOPHYL'LOUS, having cohering perianth leaves; GAMOSEP'ALOUS, having the sepals united. [Gr. _gamos_, marriage.]

GAMIN, gam'in, _n._ a street Arab, a precocious and mischievous imp of the pavement. [Fr.]

GAMMA, gam'a, _n._ the third letter of the Greek alphabet.--_ns._ GAMM[=A]D'ION, GAMM[=A]'TION (see FYLFOT).

GAMMER, gam'[.e]r, _n._ an old woman--the correlative of _gaffer_ (q.v.).

GAMMERSTANG, gam'er-stang, _n._ (_prov._) a tall, awkward person, esp. a woman: a wanton girl.

GAMMOCK, gam'ok, _n._ (_prov._) a frolic, fun.--_v.i._ to frolic, to lark.

GAMMON, gam'un, _n._ (mostly _coll._) a hoax: nonsense, humbug.--_v.t._ to hoax, impose upon.--_ns._ GAMM'ONER; GAMM'ONING. [A.S. _gamen_, a game.]

GAMMON, gam'un, _n._ the preserved thigh of a hog. [O. Fr. _gambon_--_gambe_, a leg.]

GAMMON, gam'un, _n._ (_naut._) the lashing of the bowsprit.--_v.t._ to lash the bowsprit with ropes.

GAMP, gamp, _n._ (_slang_) a large, clumsy, or untidily tied up umbrella.--_adj._ GAMP'ISH, bulging. [So called from Mrs Sarah _Gamp_, a tippling monthly nurse in Dickens's _Martin Chuzzlewit_.]

GAMUT, gam'ut, _n._ the musical scale: the whole extent of a thing. [So called from the Gr. _gamma_, which marked the last of the series of notes in the musical notation of Guido Aretinus, and L. _ut_, the beginning of an old hymn to St John ('Ut queant laxis') used in singing the scale.]

GANCH, ganch, _v.t._ to impale.--Also GAUNCH. [O. Fr. _gancher_--It. _gancio_, a hook.]

GANDER, gan'd[.e]r, _n._ the male of the goose: a simpleton: (_U.S._) a man living apart from his wife.--_ns._ GAN'DERCLEUGH, the place of abode of the hypothetical Jedediah Cleishbotham, editor of the _Tales of my Landlord_; GAN'DERISM; GAN'DER-PAR'TY, a social gathering of men only. [A.S. _gandra_, from ganra, with inserted _d_; Dut. and Low Ger. _gander_.]

GANESA, ga-n[=e]'sa, _n._ the elephant-headed Hindu god of foresight and prudence.

GANG, gang, _n._ a number of persons or animals associated for a certain purpose, usually in a bad sense: a number of labourers working together during the same hours: the range of pasture allowed to cattle: a set of tools, &c., used together for any kind of work.--_ns._ GANG'ER, GANGS'MAN, the foreman of a squad, as of plate-layers. [A.S. _gang_ (Dan. _gang_, Ger. _gang_, a going), _gangan_, to go.]

GANG, gang, _v.i._ (_Scot._) to go.--_n.pl._ GANG'-DAYS, the three days preceding Ascension Day or Holy Thursday.--_n._ GANG'ER, a walker: a fast-going horse. [A.S. _gangan_, to go.]

GANGLION, gang'gli-on, _n._ a tumour in the sheath of a tendon: an enlargement in the course of a nerve: any special centre of nervous

## action:--_pl._ GANG'LIA, GANG'LIONS.--_adjs._ GANG'LIAC, GANG'LIAL,

GANGLION'IC, pertaining to a ganglion; GANG'LIATE, -D, provided with a ganglion or ganglia; GANG'LIFORM, GANG'LIOFORM, having the form of a ganglion; GANG'LIONARY, composed of ganglia.--_n._ GANG'LION-CELL (_anat._), a nerve-cell with nucleus and nucleones.--BASAL GANGLIA, ganglia situated at the bottom of the cerebrum. [Gr.]

GANGREL, gang'rel, _n._ and _adj._ a vagrant. [From _gang_--A.S. _gangan_, to go, walk.]

GANGRENE, gang'gr[=e]n, _n._ loss of vitality in some part of the body: the first stage in mortification.--_v.t._ to mortify.--_v.i._ to become putrid.--_v.i._ GANG'RENATE, to become mortified.--_adjs._ GANGRENES'CENT, becoming mortified; GANG'RENOUS, mortified. [L. _gangraena_--Gr. _gangraina_, _grainein_, to gnaw.]

GANG-SAW, gang-saw, _n._ an arrangement of saws set in one frame.

GANGUE, GANG, gang, _n._ in mining, the stony matrix in which metallic ores occur. [Fr.,--Ger. _gang_, a vein.]

GANGWAY, gang'w[=a], _n._ a passage or way by which to go into or out of any place, esp. a ship: a way between rows of seats, esp. the cross-passage in the House of Commons, about half-way down the House, giving access to the rear-benches. The members 'above the gangway' are the ministers and ex-ministers, with their more immediate supporters. [A.S. _gangweg_; cf. _gang_ and way.]

GANISTER, GANNISTER, gan'is-ter, _n._ a hard, close-grained siliceous stone, which often forms the stratum that underlies a coal-seam.

GANJA, gan'ja, _n._ an intoxicating preparation of Indian hemp.

GANNET, gan'et, _n._ a web-footed fowl found in the northern seas, the best-known of which is the solan goose. [A.S. _ganot_, a sea-fowl; Dut. _gent_.]

GANOID, g[:a]n'oid, _adj._ belonging to an order of fishes once very large, but now decadent, including only seven genera (sturgeons, &c.).--_adj_. GANOI'DIAN. [Gr. _ganos_, brightness, _eidos_, appearance.]

GANT, g[:a]nt, _v.i._ (_Scot._) to yawn--also GAUNT.--_n._ a yawn.

GANTLET, gant'let, _n._ a glove. [Same as GAUNTLET.]

GANTLET, gant'let, GANTLOPE, gant'l[=o]p, _n._ a punishment consisting of driving a criminal through a lane formed by two files of men, who each strike him as he passes.--RUN THE GANTLET, to undergo the punishment of the gantlet: to be exposed to unpleasant remarks or treatment. [Confused with _gauntlet_, but from Sw. _gatlopp_--_gata_ (Eng. _gate_), a street, line of soldiers, _lopp_ (Eng. _leap_), course.]

GANTRY, gan'tri, _n._ a stand for barrels: a platform for a travelling-crane, &c.--Also GAUN'TRY.

GANYMEDE, gan'i-m[=e]d, _n._ a cup-bearer, pot-boy, from the beautiful youth who succeeded Hebe as cup-bearer to Zeus, being carried off to Olympus by the eagle of Zeus: a catamite.