Part 32

GROATS, gr[=o]ts, _n.pl._ the grain of oats deprived of the husks. [M. E. _grotes_, prob. Ice. _grautr_, barley; cog. with A.S. _gr['u]t_, coarse meal.]

GROBIAN, gr[=o]'bi-an, _n._ a boorish rude fellow. [Ger. _grob_, coarse; cf. _gruff_--Dut. _grof_.]

GROCER, gr[=o]s'[.e]r, _n._ a dealer in tea, sugar, &c.--_n._ GROC'ERY (generally used in _pl._), articles sold by grocers. [Earlier _grosser_ or _engrosser_, a wholesale dealer; O. Fr. _grossier_--_gros_, great.]

GROG, grog, _n._ a mixture of spirits and cold water, without sugar.--_ns._ GROG'-BLOSS'OM, a redness of the nose due to drinking; GROG'GERY (_U.S._), a low public-house; GROG'GINESS, state of being groggy; GROG'GING, extracting the spirit from the wood of empty spirit-casks with water.--_adj._ GROG'GY, affected by grog, partially intoxicated: (_boxing_) weak and staggering from blows: applied to a horse that bears wholly on his heels in trotting.--_n._ GROG'-SHOP, a dram-shop. [From 'Old Grog,' the nickname of Admiral Vernon, who introduced it about 1745--from his _grogram_ breeches.]

GROGRAM, grog'ram, _n._ a kind of coarse cloth of silk and mohair. [O. Fr. _grosgrain_.]

GROIN, groin, _n._ the part of the body on either side of the belly where the thigh joins the trunk: (_archit._) the angular curve formed by the crossing of two arches.--_v.t._ to form into groins, to build in groins.--_n._ GROIN'-CEN'TRING, the centring of timber during construction.--_adj._ GROINED, having angular curves made by the intersection of two arches.--_n._ GROIN'ING.--UNDERPITCH GROINING, a kind of vaulting used when the main vault of a groined roof is higher than the transverse intersecting vault, as in St George's Chapel, Windsor--sometimes called _Welsh groining_. [Ice. _grein_, division, branch--greina, to divide; Sw. _gren_, branch, space between the legs; Scot. _graine_, _grane_, the branch of a tree or river.]

GROIN, groin, _v.i._ (_obs._) to grunt, to growl. [O. Fr. _grogner_--L. _grunn[=i]re_, to grunt.]

GROLIER, gr[=o]'lye, _n._ a book or a binding from the library of the French bibliophile, Jean _Grolier_ (1479-1565).--_adj._ GROLIERESQUE', after the style of Grolier's bindings, with geometrical or arabesque figures and leaf-sprays in gold lines.

GROMMET, grom'et, _n._ a ring formed of a single strand of rope, laid in three times round, fastening the upper edge of a sail to its stay: a ship-boy. [O. Fr.]

GROMWELL, grom'wel, _n._ a herb of the borage family. [O. Fr. _grumel_--L. _grumulus_, a hillock.]

GROOM, gr[=oo]m, _n._ one who has the charge of horses: a title of several officers of the royal household: a bridegroom.--_v.t._ to tend, as a horse.--_n._ GROOMS'MAN, the attendant on a bridegroom at his marriage. [Prob. from A.S. _guma_ (in bride_groom_), a man, Goth. _guma_, Ice. _gumi_, L. _homo_.]

GROOVE, gr[=oo]v, _n._ a furrow, or long hollow, such as is cut with a tool.--_v.t._ to grave or cut a groove or furrow in. [Prob. Dut. _groef_, _groeve_, a furrow; cog. with Ger. _grube_, a pit, Ice. _gr['o]f_, Eng. _grave_.]

GROPE, gr[=o]p, _v.i._ to search for something, as if blind or in the dark.--_v.t._ to search by feeling.--_adv._ GROP'INGLY, in a groping manner. [A.S. _gr['a]pian_, to seize; allied to _grab_, _gripe_.]

GROSBEAK, gr[=o]s'b[=e]k, _n._ a name applied to not a few highly specialised finches (_Fringillidae_), with thick, heavy, seed-crushing bills--also to many other birds, as the cardinal grosbeaks and the rose-breasted grosbeak. [_Gross_ and _beak_.]

GROSCHEN, gr[=o]'shen, _n._ a small silver coin till 1873-76 current in the north of Germany, in value 1/30th of a thaler. [Ger.,--L. _grossus_, thick.]

GROSER, gr[=o]'ser, _n._ (_prov._) a gooseberry--(_Scot._) GROS'SART.--_adj._ GROSSUL[=A]'CEOUS, pertaining to the gooseberry. [See GOOSEBERRY.]

GROSS, gr[=o]s, _adj._ coarse: rough: dense: palpable, glaring, shameful: whole: coarse in mind: stupid: sensual: obscene.--_n._ the main bulk: the whole taken together: a great hundred--i.e. twelve dozen.--_adv._ GROSS'LY.--_n._ GROSS'NESS.--IN GROSS, in bulk, wholesale. [Fr. _gros_--L. _grossus_, thick.]

GROTESQUE, gr[=o]-tesk', _adj._ extravagantly formed: ludicrous.--_n._ (_art_) extravagant ornament, containing animals, plants, &c. not really existing.--_adv._ GROTESQUE'LY.--_ns._ GROTESQUE'NESS; GROTESQU'ERY. [Fr. _grotesque_--It. _grotesca_--_grotta_, a grotto.]

GROTIAN, gr[=o]'shi-an, _adj._ of or pertaining to Hugo _Grotius_ (1583-1645), the Latinised form of Huig van _Groot_, founder of the science of international law.--GROTIAN THEORY, the theory that man is essentially a social being, and that the principles of justice are of perpetual obligation and in harmony with his nature; GROTIAN, or GOVERNMENTAL, THEORY OF THE ATONEMENT, a divine acquittal for Christ's sake, rather than a real satisfaction on the part of Christ.

GROTTO, grot'[=o], _n._ a cave: a place of shade, for pleasure--also GROT:--_pl._ GROTT'OS--_n._ GROTT'O-WORK, a grotto-like structure. [It. _grotta_ (Fr. _grotte_)--L. _crypta_--Gr. _krypt[=e]_, a crypt.]

GROUND, grownd, _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ of _grind_.

GROUND, grownd, _n._ the surface of the earth: a portion of the earth's surface: land, field, soil: the floor, &c.: position: field or place of

## action: (_lit._ or _fig._) that on which something is raised: foundation:

sufficient reason: (_art_) the surface on which the figures are represented.--_v.t._ to fix on a foundation or principle: to instruct in first principles: to cover with a layer of plaster, &c., as a basis for painting: to coat with a composition, as a surface to be etched.--_v.i._ to strike the bottom and remain fixed.--_ns._ GROUND'AGE, the tax paid by a ship for the space occupied while in port; GROUND'-ANG'LING, fishing without a float, with a weight placed a few inches from the hook--called also _Bottom-fishing_; GROUND'-ASH, a sapling of ash; GROUND'-BAIT, bait dropped to the bottom of the water.--_adv._ GROUND'EDLY (_Browning_), on good grounds.--_ns._ GROUND'ER, at baseball, &c., a ball thrown low rather than rising into the air; GROUND'-FLOOR, the floor of a house on a level with the street or exterior ground; GROUND'-GAME, hares, rabbits, as distinguished from winged game; GROUND'-HOG, the American marmot, or woodchuck: the aardvark of Africa; GROUND'-HOLD (_Spens._), ground-tackle; GROUND-ICE, the ice formed at the bottom of a water first--also AN'CHOR-ICE; GROUND'ING, the background of embroidery, &c.; GROUND'-[=I]'VY, a common British creeping-plant whose leaves were once used for flavouring ale (_gill-ale_ or _gell-ale_).--_adj._ GROUND'LESS, without ground, foundation, or reason.--_adv._ GROUND'LESSLY.--_ns._ GROUND'LESSNESS; GROUND'LING, a fish which keeps near the bottom of the water, esp. the spinous loach: a spectator in the pit of a theatre---hence one of the common herd: (_pl._) the vulgar.--_adj._ (_Lamb_) base.--_ns._ GROUND'-NUT, ground-bean, or pea-nut, the fruit of the annual leguminous plant _Arachis hypogaea_; GROUND'-OAK, a sapling of oak; GROUND'-PLAN, plan of the horizontal section of the lowest or ground story of a building: GROUND'-PLOT, the plot of ground on which a building stands; GROUND'-RENT, rent paid to a landlord for the use of the ground for a specified term, usually in England ninety-nine years.--_n.pl._ GROUNDS, dregs of drink: sediment at the bottom of liquors (explained by Skeat as Celtic--Gael. _grunndas_, lees, _grunnd_, bottom, Ir. _gruntas_, _grunnt_, bottom).--_ns._ GROUND'SELL, GROUND'SILL, the timber of a building which lies next to the ground; GROUND-SQUIRR'EL, the chipmuck or hackee; GROUND'-SWELL, a broad, deep undulation of the ocean, proceeding from a distant storm; GROUND'-TACK'LE, the tackle necessary for securing a vessel at anchor; GROUND'WORK, that which forms the ground or foundation of anything: the basis: the essential part: the first principle.--GROUND ANNUAL, in the law of Scotland, an annual payment, sometimes called a rent-charge, made for land--a substitute for feu-duty.--BE ON ONE'S OWN GROUND, to be dealing with a matter in which one is specially versed; BREAK GROUND, to take the first step in any project; FALL TO THE GROUND, to come to nothing; GAIN GROUND, to advance, to obtain an advantage; GIVE GROUND, to yield advantage; LOSE GROUND, to retire, to lose advantage; SLIPPERY GROUND, an insecure footing; STAND, or HOLD, ONE'S GROUND, to stand firm. [A.S. _grund_; most prob. _grund-en_, pa.p. of _grindan_, and orig. meaning 'earth ground small;' cog. with Ger. _grund_, Ice. _grunnr_.]

GROUNDSEL, grownd'sel, _n._ an annual plant, about a foot high, with small yellow flowers. [A.S. _grundeswelge_--_grund_, ground, _swelgan_, to swallow.]

GROUP, gr[=oo]p, _n._ a number of persons or things together: a number of individual things related, in some definite way differentiating them from others: (_art_) a combination of figures forming a harmonious whole.--_v.t._ to form into a group or groups.--_v.i._ to fall into harmonious combination.--_n._ GROUP'ING (_art_), the act of disposing and arranging figures or objects in a group. [Fr. _groupe_--It. _groppo_, a bunch, knot--Teut.; cf. Ger. _kropf_, protuberance.]

GROUSE, grows, _n._ the heathcock or moorfowl, a plump bird with a short curved bill, short legs, and feathered feet, which frequents Scotch moors and hills--the _Scotch ptarmigan_, _red-grouse_: any bird of the family _Tetraonidae_, and sub-family _Tetraoninae_. [Prob. from the older _grice_ (on the analogy of _mouse_, _mice_)--O. Fr. _griesche_, gray.]

GROUT, growt, _n._ coarse meal: the sediment of liquor: lees: a thin coarse mortar: a fine plaster for finishing ceilings.--_n._ GROUT'ING, the filling up or finishing with grout: the stuff so used.--_adj._ GROUT'Y, thick, muddy: sulky. [A.S. _gr['u]t_, coarse meal; cog. with Dut. _grut_, Ice. _grautr_, porridge, Ger. _gr[:u]tze_, groats.]

GROVE, gr[=o]v, _n._ a wood of small size, generally of a pleasant or ornamental character: an avenue of trees: (_B._) an erroneous translation of _Asherah_, the wooden upright image of the lewdly worshipped goddess Ashtoreth; also of Heb. _eshel_ in Gen. xxi. 33.--GROVES OF ACADEME, the shady walks of the Academy at Athens, any place of learned pursuits. [A.S. _gr['a]f_, a grove--_grafan_, pa.t. _gr['o]f_, to dig.]

GROVEL, grov'el, _v.i._ to crawl on the earth, esp. in abject fear, &c.: to be base or mean:--_pr.p._ grov'elling; _pa.p._ grov'elled.--_n._ GROV'ELLER.--_adj._ GROV'ELLING, mean. [Explained by Skeat as due to M. E. _groveling_, flat on the ground, properly an _adv._, also _grofling_--Ice. _gr[^u]fa_.]

GROW, gr[=o], _v.i._ to become enlarged by a natural process: to advance towards maturity: to increase in size: to develop: to become greater in any way: to extend: to improve: to pass from one state to another: to become.--_v.t._ to cause to grow: to cultivate:--_pa.t._ grew (gr[=oo]); _pa.p._ grown.--_ns._ GROW'ER; GROW'ING; GROWTH, a growing: gradual increase: progress: development: that which has grown: product.--GROW ON, to gain in the estimation of; GROW OUT OF, to issue from, result from: to pass beyond in development, to give up; GROW TO, to advance to; GROW TOGETHER, to become united by growth; GROW UP, to advance in growth, become full-grown; to take root, spring up. [A.S. _gr['o]wan_; Ice. _gr['o]a_; conn. with _green_.]

GROWL, growl, _v.i._ to utter a deep, murmuring sound like a dog: to grumble surlily.--_v.t._ to express by growling.--_n._ a murmuring, snarling sound, as of an angry dog.--_ns._ GROWL'ER, one who growls: a fish of the Perch family, abundant in North American rivers, so named from the sound it emits: (_slang_) a four-wheeled cab: (_Amer._) a jug or pitcher used for carrying beer; GROWL'ING, grumbling, snarling: a rumbling sound.--_adv._ GROWL'INGLY. [Dut. _grollen_, to grumble; allied to Gr. _gryllizein_, to grunt.]

GROYNE, groin, _n._ a wooden breakwater. [GROIN.]

GRUB, grub, _v.i._ to dig in the dirt: to be occupied meanly: (_slang_) to eat.--_v.t._ to dig or root out of the ground (generally followed by up): (_slang_) to supply with victuals:--_pr.p._ grub'bing; _pa.p._ grubbed.--_n._ the larva of the beetle, moth, &c.: (_slang_) something to eat.--_n._ GRUB'BER, he who, or that which, grubs: an agricultural implement for grubbing out weeds, &c., or for clearing and stirring up the soil, with obliquely placed _tines_ or teeth set in a frame and moved forward on wheels.--_v.i._ and _v.t._ GRUB'BLE, to grope.--_n._ GRUB'-STREET, a street in London inhabited by booksellers' hacks and shabby writers generally.--_adj._ applied to any mean literary production. [Prob. A.S. _gr['a]pian_, to grope.]

GRUDGE, gruj, _v.t._ to murmur at: to look upon with envy: to give or take unwillingly.--_v.i._ to show discontent.--_n._ secret enmity or envy: an old cause of quarrel.--_adjs._ GRUDGE'FUL (_Spens._), full of grudge, envious; GRUDG'ING, given to grudge.--_adv._ GRUDG'INGLY, unwillingly. [M. E. _grochen_, _grucchen_--O. Fr. _grocer_, _groucer_, from an imitative root seen in Gr. _gry_, the grunt of a pig; also in _growl_, _grunt_.]

GRUEL, gr[=oo]'el, _n._ a thin food made by boiling oatmeal in water. [O. Fr. _gruel_ (Fr. _gruau_), groats--Low L. _grutellum_, dim. of _grutum_, meal--Old Low Ger. _grut_, groats, A.S. _gr['u]t_.]

GRUESOME, gr[=oo]'sum, _adj._ horrible: fearful: dismal, depressing.--_vs.i._ GRUE, GREW, to shudder: to feel horror or repulsiveness. [Scand.; Dan. _gru_, horror, with suff. _-som_; cf. Dut. _gruwzaam_, Ger. _grausam_.]

GRUFF, gruf, _adj._ rough, stern, or abrupt in manner: churlish.--_adv._ GRUFF'LY.--_n._ GRUFF'NESS. [Dut. _grof_; cog. with Sw. _grof_, Ger. _grob_, coarse.]

GRUM, grum, _adj._ morose: surly: deep in the throat, as a sound.--_adv._ GRUM'LY.--_n._ GRUM'NESS. [A.S. _grom_; cf. Dan. _grum_.]

GRUMBLE, grum'bl, _v.i._ to murmur with discontent: to growl: to rumble.--_n._ the act of grumbling.--_ns._ GRUM'BLER; GRUMBLET[=O]'NIAN, one of the country party as opposed to the court party, after 1689.--_adv._ GRUM'BLINGLY. [Old Dut. _grommelen_, freq. of _grommen_ to mutter.]

GRUME, gr[=oo]m, _n._ a thick consistence of fluid: a clot, as of blood.--_adjs._ GRUM'OUS, GRUM'OSE, thick: clotted. [O. Fr. _grume_, a bunch (Fr. _grumeau_, a clot)--L. _grumus_, a little heap.]

GRUMPH, grumf, _n._ (_Scot._) a grunt.--_v.i._ to grunt.--_n._ GRUMPH'IE, a sow.

GRUMPY, grum'pi, _adj._ surly: dissatisfied: melancholic.--_adv._ GRUM'PILY. [_Grumble_.]

GRUNDY, grund'i, MRS, the invisible _censor morum_ who is frequently appealed to in the phrase, 'But what will Mrs Grundy say?' in Thomas Morton's play, _Speed the Plough_ (1800).

GRUNT, grunt, _v.i._ to make a sound like a pig: to utter guttural sounds.--_n._ a short, guttural sound, as of a hog.--_ns._ GRUNT'ER; GRUNT'ING.--_adv._ GRUNT'INGLY. [M. E. _grunten_--A.S. _grunian_; cf. Ger. _grunzen_, L._ grunn[=i]re_; all imit.]

GRUTCH, gruch, _v.t._ or _v.i._ (_Spens._) to grudge.

GRUY[`E]RE, gr[=oo]-y[=a]r', _n._ a famous whole-milk cheese, made at _Gruy[`e]re_ and many other places in the canton of Freiburg, Switzerland.

GRYDE, gr[=i]d, _v.i._ (_Spens._) to gride.

GRYFON, GRYPHON, grif'on, _n._ obsolete forms of _griffin_.--Also GRYPE.

GRYPOSIS, gri-p[=o]'sis, _n._ a curvature, esp. of the nails.

GRYSIE, gr[=i]z'i, _adj._ (_Spens._) grisly: squalid: moist.

GUACHARO, gw[:a]'ch[:a]-r[=o], _n._ the oil-bird, a South American nocturnal frugivorous goatsucker. [Sp.]

GUACHO, gw[:a]'k[=o], _n._ a tropical American climbing composite: the medicinal substance in the leaves.

GUAIACUM, gw[=a]'ya-kum, _n._ a genus of trees in the West Indies, that yield a greenish resin used in medicine. [Sp. _guayaco_, from a Haytian word.]

GUAN, gw[:a]n, _n._ the yacou, a South American genus of large arboreal game-birds, giving loud cries.

GUANACO, gw[:a]-n[:a]'ko, _n._ a cameloid ruminant widely spread in South America.

GUANO, gw[:a]'n[=o], _n._ the long-accumulated excrement of certain sea-fowl, found on certain coasts and islands, esp. about South America, much used for manure.--_adj._ GUANIF'EROUS.--_n._ GU[:A]'NIN, a yellowish-white, amorphous substance, a constituent of guano, also of the liver and pancreas of mammals. [Sp. _guano_, or _huano_, from Peruv. _huanu_, dung.]

GUARANA, gw[:a]-r[:a]'na, _n._ a paste prepared from the pounded seeds of _Paullinia sorbilis_, a climbing Brazilian shrub, made in round or oblong cakes--_Guarana Bread_.

GUARANTEE, gar-an-t[=e]', GUARANTY, gar'an-ti, _n._ a warrant or surety: a contract to see performed what another has undertaken: the person who makes such a contract, one responsible for the performance of some action, the truth of some statement, &c.--_v.t._ to undertake that another shall perform certain engagements: to make sure:--_pr.p._ guarantee'ing; _pa.p._ guaranteed'.--_n._ GUAR'ANTOR, one who makes a guaranty.--GUARANTEE ASSOCIATIONS, joint-stock companies on the insurance principle, which become security for the integrity of cashiers, &c. [O. Fr. _garantie_, pa.p. of _garantir_, to warrant--_garant_, warrant. See WARRANT.]

GUARD, g[:a]rd, _v.t._ to ward, watch, or take care of: to protect from danger or attack: to protect the edge of, as by an ornamental border.--_v.i._ to watch: to be wary.--_n._ that which guards from danger: a man or body of men stationed to protect: one who has charge of a coach or railway-train: state of caution: posture of defence: part of the hilt of a sword: a watch-chain: (_pl._) troops attached to the person of a sovereign: (_cricket_) the pads which protect the legs from swift balls.--_adj._ GUARD'ABLE.--_n._ GUARD'AGE (_Shak._), wardship.--_adjs._ GUARD'ANT (_her._), having the face turned towards the beholder; GUARD'ED, wary: cautious: uttered with caution.--_adv._ GUARD'EDLY.--_ns._ GUARD'EDNESS; GUARD'HOUSE, GUARD'ROOM, a house or room for the accommodation of a guard of soldiers, where defaulters are confined; GUARD'IAN, one who guards or takes care of: (_law_) one who has the care of an orphan minor.--_adj._ protecting.--_n._ GUARD'IANSHIP.--_adj._ GUARD'LESS, without a guard: defenceless.--_ns._ GUARD'SHIP, a ship of war that superintends marine affairs in a harbour and protects it: (_Swift_) guardianship; GUARDS'MAN, a soldier of the guards.--GUARDIAN ANGEL, an angel supposed to watch over a

## particular person: a person specially devoted to the interests of

another.--MOUNT GUARD, to go on guard-duty; ON, or OFF, ONE'S GUARD, on the watch, or the opposite; RUN THE GUARD, to get past a guard or sentinel without detection. [O. Fr. _garder_--Old High Ger. _warten_; A.S. _weardian_, Eng. _ward_.]

GUARISH, g[=a]r'ish, _v.t._ (_Spens._) to heal. [O. Fr. _guarir_ (Fr. _gu['e]rir_), to heal.]

GUAVA, gw[:a]'va, _n._ a genus of trees and shrubs of tropical America, with yellow, pear-shaped fruit made into jelly. [Sp. _guayaba_--Braz.]

GUBBINS, gub'ins, _n.pl._ a half-savage race in Devonshire, described by the pastoral poet William Browne and by Fuller in his _Worthies_.

GUBERNATION, g[=u]-b[.e]r-n[=a]'shun, _n._ government, rule.--_adj._ GUBERNAT[=O]'RIAL. [L. _gubern[=a]re_, govern.]

GUDDLE, gud'l _v.t._ (_Scot._) to catch fish with the hands by groping under the stones or banks of a stream.

GUDGEON, guj'un, _n._ a genus of small, carp-like fishes common in the fresh waters of Europe--easily caught: a person easily cheated.--_adj._ foolish.--_v.t._ to impose on, cheat. [O. Fr. _goujon_--L. _gobion-em_--Gr. _k[=o]bios_. See GOBY.]

GUDGEON, guj'un, _n._ the bearing of a shaft, esp. when made of a separate piece: a metallic journal-piece let into the end of a wooden shaft: a pin. [O. Fr. _goujon_, the pin of a pulley.]

GUE, g[=u], _n._ a rude kind of violin used in Shetland.

GUEBRE, GUEBER, g[=e]'b[.e]r, _n._ a follower of the ancient Persian religion as reformed by Zoroaster. [Pers. _gabr_; see GIAOUR; cf. Ar. _kafir_, unbeliever.]

GUELDER-ROSE, gel'd[.e]r-r[=o]z, _n._ a species of _Viburnum_ with large white ball-shaped flowers--also called _Snowball-tree_. [From _Gueldres_ in Holland.]

GUELF, GUELPH, gwelf, _n._ one of a papal and popular party in Italy in the Middle Ages which was opposed to the emperors.--_adj._ GUELF'IC, belonging to the Guelfs, in modern times the royal family of Hanover and England. [The party names _Guelf_ and _Ghibelline_ are from _Welf_ and _Waiblingen_, two families which in the 12th century were at the head of two rival

## parties in the German Empire.]

GUERDON, g[.e]r'dun, _n._ a reward or recompense.--_v.t._ to reward. [O. Fr. _guerdon_, _guerredon_ (It. _guidardone_)--Low L. _widerdonum_, corr. from Old High Ger. _widarl['o]n_ (A.S. _widherle['a]n_)--_wider_ (A.S. _widher_), against, and _l['o]n_ (A.S. _le['a]n_), reward; or more prob. the latter part of the word is from L. _donum_, a gift.]

GUEREZA, ger'e-za, _n._ a large, long-haired, black-and-white African monkey, with a bushy tail.

GUERILLA, GUERRILLA, g[.e]r-ril'a, _n._ a mode of harassing an army by small bands adopted by the Spaniards against the French in the Peninsular war: a member of such a band.--_adj._ conducted by or conducting petty warfare. [Sp. _guerrilla_, dim. of _guerra_ (Fr. _guerre_)--Old High Ger. _werra_.]

GUERNSEY, g[.e]rn'zi, _n._ a sailor's closely-fitting knitted woollen shirt: one of a breed of dairy cattle from the island: the red-legged partridge. [From _Guernsey_ in the Channel Islands.]

GUESS, ges, _v.t._ to form an opinion on uncertain knowledge: to conjecture, to think.--_v.i._ to judge on uncertain knowledge: to conjecture rightly.--_n._ judgment or opinion without sufficient evidence or grounds.--_adj._ GUESS'ABLE, that may be guessed.--_n._ GUESS'ER, one who guesses or conjectures.--_adv._ GUESS'INGLY, by way of conjecture.--_n._ GUESS'WORK, work done by guess: random action. [M. E. _gessen_; cog. with Dut. _gissen_; Dan. _gisse_, Ice. _giska_, for _gitska_--_geta_, to get, think, A.S. _gitan_, whence Eng. _get_. See FORGET.]

GUEST, gest, _n._ a visitor received and entertained.--_n._ GUEST'-CHAM'BER (_B._), a chamber or room for the accommodation of guests.--_v.i._ GUEST'EN (_Scot._), to stay as a guest.--_adv._ GUEST'WISE, in the manner or capacity of a guest. [A.S. _gest_, _gaest_; allied to Dut. and Ger. _gast_, L. _hostis_, stranger, enemy.]

GUEUX, g[=u], _n.pl._ the name assumed by the confederation (1565) of nobles and others to resist the introduction of the Inquisition into the Low Countries by Philip II. of Spain. [Fr., 'beggars.']

GUFFAW, guf-faw', _v.i._ to laugh loudly.--_n._ a loud laugh. [From the sound.]

GUGGLE, gug'l, _v.i._ to make a noise with the mouth or throat, to gurgle. [Formed from _gurgle_.]

GUICOWAR. Same as GAIKWAR.

GUIDE, g[=i]d, _v.t._ to lead or direct: to regulate: to influence.--_n._ he who, or that which, guides: one who directs another in his course of life: a soldier or other person employed to obtain information for an army: a guide-book: anything calculated to maintain in a certain direction or position.--_adj._ GUID'ABLE.--_ns._ GUID'AGE, guidance; GUID'ANCE, direction: government; GUIDE'-BOOK, a book of information for tourists.--_adj._ GUIDE'LESS, having no guide.--_ns._ GUIDE'POST, a post erected at a roadside to guide the traveller; GUID'ER, one who guides, a director; GUID'ON, a forked guide-flag carried by a cavalry company or mounted battery, also the officer bearing it. [O. Fr. _guider_; prob. from a Teut. root, as in A.S. _witan_, to know, _w['i]s_, wise, Ger. _weisen_, to show, conn. with _wit_, _wise_.]

GUILD, GILD, gild, _n._ an association of men for mutual aid: a corporation: (_orig._) an association in a town where payment was made for mutual support and protection.--_ns._ GUILD'-BROTH'ER, a fellow-member of a guild; GUILD'HALL, the hall of a guild, esp. in London; GUILD'RY (_Scot._), a guild, the members of such. [A.S. _gild_, money--_gildan_, to pay.]

GUILDER, GILDER, gild'[.e]r, _n._ an old Dutch and German gold coin: now a silver coin=1s. 8d.: (_Shak._) money generally. [Dut. _gulden_--Ger. _gulden_, gold.]

GUILE, g[=i]l, _n._ wile, jugglery: cunning: deceit.--_v.t._ (_Spens._) to beguile.--_p.adj._ GUILED, armed with deceit: treacherous.--_adj._ GUILE'FUL, crafty: deceitful.--_adv._ GUILE'FULLY.--_n._ GUILE'FULNESS.--_adj._ GUILE'LESS, without deceit: artless.--_adv._ GUILE'LESSLY.--_ns._ GUILE'LESSNESS; GUIL'ER (_Spens._), a deceiver. [O. Fr. _guile_, deceit; from a Teut. root, as in A.S. _w['i]l_, Ice. _vel_, a trick.]

GUILLEMOT, gil'e-mot, _n._ a genus of diving birds of the Auk family, with long, straight, feathered bill and very short tail. [Fr., prob. Celt.; Bret. _gwelan_, gull, and O. Fr. _moette_, a sea-mew, from Teut.]

GUILLOCHE, gil-losh', _n._ an ornament formed of two or more bands intertwining in a continued series.--_v.t._ to decorate with intersecting curved lines. [Fr.; said to be from the name of its inventor, _Guillot_.]

GUILLOTINE, gil'[=o]-t[=e]n, _n._ an instrument for beheading--consisting of an upright frame down which a sharp heavy axe descends on the neck of the victim--adopted during the French Revolution, and named after Joseph Ignace _Guillotin_ (1738-1814), a physician, who first proposed its adoption: a machine for cutting paper, straw, &c.: a surgical instrument for cutting the tonsils.--_v.t._ to behead with the guillotine.--_n._ GUILL'OTINEMENT, death by the guillotine.

GUILT, gilt, _n._ punishable conduct: the state of having broken a law: crime: wickedness.--_adv._ GUILT'ILY.--_n._ GUILT'INESS.--_adj._ GUILT'LESS, free from crime: innocent.--_adv._ GUILT'LESSLY.--_n._ GUILT'LESSNESS.--_adj._ GUILT'Y, justly chargeable with a crime: wicked: pertaining to guilt.--_adv._ GUILT'Y-LIKE (_Shak._), guiltily.--GUILTY OF (sometimes in _B._), deserving. [Orig. a payment or fine for an offence; A.S. _gylt_, guilt--_gildan_, to pay, to atone.]

GUILT, gilt, _p.adj._ (_Spens._) gilded.

GUINEA, gin'i, _n._ an English gold coin, no longer used=21s., so called because first made of gold brought from _Guinea_, in Africa.--_ns._ GUIN'EA-CORN, a cereal extensively cultivated in Central Africa and India--also _Indian millet_; GUIN'EA-FOWL, a genus of African birds in the pheasant family, having dark-gray plumage with round spots of white, generally larger on the back and under surface; GUIN'EA-GRASS, a grass of the same genus with millet, a native of _Guinea_ and Senegal; GUIN'EA-HEN (_Shak._), a courtesan; GUIN'EA-PEPP'ER (see PEPPER); GUIN'EA-PIG, a small South American rodent, somewhat resembling a small pig, the cavy: (_slang_) a professional company director, without time or real qualifications for the duties; GUIN'EA-WORM, a very slender thread-like nematode worm common in tropical Africa.

GUIPURE, g[=e]-p[=oo]r', _n._ a kind of lace having no ground or mesh, the pattern fixed by interlacing threads: a species of gimp. [Fr. _guipure_--O. Fr. _guiper_, prob. Teut.; cf. Goth. _veipan_, to weave.]

GUISE, g[=i]z, _n._ manner, behaviour: external appearance: dress.--_v.t._ (_arch._) to dress.--_v.i._ to act as a guiser.--_ns._ GUIS'ER (_Scot._), GUIS'ARD, a person in disguise: a Christmas mummer. [O. Fr. _guise_; from Old High Ger. _w['i]sa_ (Ger. _weise_), a way, guise, which is cog. with A.S. _w['i]se_, way, _w['i]s_, wise.]

GUITAR, gi-t[:a]r', _n._ a six-stringed musical instrument, somewhat like the lute, well adapted for accompanying the voice. [Fr. _guitare_--L. _cithara_--Gr. _kithara_, a lyre or lute. See CITHERN.]