Part 55

JACK, JAK, jak, _n._ a tree of the East Indies of the same genus as the bread-fruit tree. [Port. _jaka_--Malay _tsjaka_.]

JACKAL, jak'awl, _n._ a wild, gregarious animal closely allied to the dog--erroneously supposed to act as a lion's provider or hunting scout, hence a tool, a Parasite. [Pers. _shagh[=a]l_.]

JACKANAPES, jak'a-n[=a]ps, _n._ an impudent fellow: a coxcomb. [_Jack o' apes_, one who exhibited monkeys, with _n_ inserted to avoid the hiatus.]

JACKASS, jak'as, _n._ the male of the ass: a blockhead. [_Jack_--the male, and _ass_.]

JACKDAW, jak'daw, _n._ a species of crow. [_Jack_ and _daw_.]

JACKET, jak'et, _n._ a short coat.--_adj._ Jack'eted, wearing a jacket. [O. Fr. _jaquette_, a jacket, or sleeveless coat, a dim. of O. Fr. _jaque_, a coat of mail, prob. ultimately conn. with _Jacques_.]

JACOBEAN, jak-o-b[=e]'an, _adj._ of the period of James I. of England (1603-25).

JACOBIN, jak'o-bin, _n._ a French Dominican monk, so named from their original establishment being that of St _Jacques_, Paris: one of a society of revolutionists in France, so called from their meeting in the hall of the Jacobin convent: a demagogue: a hooded pigeon.--_adjs._ JACOBIN'IC, -AL.--_v.t._ JAC'OBINISE.--_n._ JAC'OBINISM, the principles of the Jacobins or French revolutionists. [Fr.,--L. _Jacobus_, James--Gr. _Jacobos_--Heb. _Ya`aq[=o]b_.]

JACOBITE, jak'o-b[=i]t, _n._ an adherent of James II. and his descendants: in Church history, a Syrian monophysite, named after the 6th-century monk, _Jacobus_ Baradaeus.--_adjs._ JAC'OBITE, JACOBIT'IC, -AL.--_n._ JAC'OBITISM.

JACOB'S-LADDER, j[=a]'kobz-lad'[.e]r, _n._ (_naut._) a ladder made of ropes with wooden steps: a garden plant with large blue flowers. [From the ladder which _Jacob_ saw in his dream, Gen. xxviii. 12.]

JACOB'S-STAFF, j[=a]'kobz-staf, _n._ a pilgrim's staff: a staff with a cross-head used in surveying: a sword-cane. [Prob. an allusion to the staff of the patriarch _Jacob_, Gen. xxxii. 10.]

JACOBUS, ja-k[=o]'bus, _n._ a gold coin of James I. worth 20s.

JACONET, jak'o-net, _n._ a cotton fabric, rather stouter than muslin. [Fr. _jaconas_.]

JACQUARD LOOM. See LOOM.

JACQUEMINOT, jak'mi-n[=o], _n._ a deep-red hybrid perpetual rose.--Also JACQUE and JACK. [From General _Jacqueminot_ of Paris.]

JACQUERIE, zhak'e-r[=e], _n._ name given to the revolt of the French peasants in 1358. [From _Jacques_ Bonhomme, Goodman Jack, a name applied in derision to the peasants.]

JACTATION, jak-t[=a]'shun, _n._ act of throwing: extreme restlessness in disease: agitation of the body: boasting.

JACTITATION (of marriage), jak-ti-t[=a]'shun, _n._ a false pretence of being married to another. [L. _jactit[=a]re_, -_[=a]tum_, to brag, freq. of _jact[=a]re_, to throw.]

JACULATION, jak-[=u]-l[=a]'shun, _n._ the act of throwing or hurling, as a dart.--_v.t._ JAC'ULATE, to dart, throw.--_n._ JAC'UL[=A]TOR.--_adj._ JAC'UL[=A]TORY, darting or throwing out suddenly: ejaculatory. [L. _jacul[=a]ri_, -_[=a]tus_, to throw as a dart--_jaculum_, a dart--_jac[)e]re_, to throw.]

JADE, j[=a]d, _n._ a mare, esp. an old and sorry one: a worthless nag: a woman--in contempt or irony.--_v.t._ to tire: to harass:--_pr.p._ jad'ing; _pa.p._ jad'ed.--_adv._ JAD'EDLY.--_n._ JAD'ERY, the tricks of a jade.--_adj._ JAD'ISH, worn out: vicious: unchaste--applied to a woman. [Scot. _yad_, _yaud_; Ice. _jalda_, a mare.]

JADE, j[=a]d, _n._ a dark-green stone used for ornamental purposes--applied both to _jadeite_ and _nephrite_. [Fr.,--Sp. _ijada_, the flank--L. _ilia_. It was believed to cure pain of the side.]

JAG, jag, _n._ a notch: a ragged protuberance: (_bot._) a cleft or division: (_Scot._) a stab.--_v.t._ to cut into notches: to stab or pierce:--_pr.p._ jag'ging; _pa.p._ jagged.--_adjs._ JAG'GED, JAG'GY, notched, rough-edged, uneven.--_adv._ JAG'GEDLY.--_ns._ JAG'GEDNESS; JAG'GER, a brass wheel with a notched edge for cutting cakes, &c., into ornamental forms--also JAG'GING-[=I]'RON. [Celt.; W., Gael., Ir. _gag_, a cleft.]

JAG, jag, _n._ a load: a saddle-bag: a quantity: (_U.S._) as much liquor as one can carry.--_n._ JAG'GER, a peddler.

JAGGERY, jag'[.e]r-i, _n._ a kind of coarse, dark-coloured sugar made in the East Indies from the sap of the coco-nut palm. [Hind. _shakkar_, Sans. _carkara_.]

JAGHIR, JAGHIRE, ja-g[=e]r', _n._ the government revenues of a tract of land assigned with power to administer.--_n._ JAGHIR'DAR, the holder of such. [Hind.]

JAGUAR, jag'[=u]-[:a]r, or jag-w[:a]r', _n._ a powerful beast of prey, allied to the leopard, found in South America. [Brazilian, _jaguara_.]

JAH, j[:a], _n._ Jehovah. [Heb.]

JAIL, j[=a]l, _n._ a prison.--_ns._ JAIL'-BIRD, GAOL'-BIRD, a humorous name for one who is or has been confined in jail; JAIL'ER, GAOL'ER, one who has charge of a jail or of prisoners, called also a turnkey; JAIL'-F[=E]'VER, GAOL'-F[=E]'VER, typhus fever, so called because once common in jails.--BREAK JAIL, to force one's way out of prison; COMMISSION OF JAIL DELIVERY, one of the commissions issued to judges of assize and judges of the Central Criminal Court in England. [O. Fr. _gaole_ (Fr. _ge[^o]le_)--Low L. _gabiola_, a cage, dim. of Low L. _gabia_, a cage, a corr. of _cavea_, a cage--L. _cavus_, hollow.]

JAIN, j[=a]n, _n._ an adherent of JAIN'ISM, or a member of a heterodox Hindu sect, allied to ancient Buddhism: a style of architecture developed about 450 A.D., with pseudo-arch and dome, built in horizontal courses and of pointed section. [Hind. _jina_, a deified saint.]

JAKES, j[=a]ks, _n._ (_Shak._) a privy.--Also _Mrs Jones_.

JALAP, jal'ap, _n._ the purgative root of a plant first brought from _Jalapa_ or Xalapa, in Mexico.--_adj._ JALAP'IC--_n._ JAL'APIN, a glucoside resin, one of the purgative principles of jalap.

JALOUSE, jal-[=oo]z', _v.i._ (_Scot._) to suspect. See JEALOUS.

JALOUSIE, zhal-oo-z[=e]', _n._ a Venetian blind. [Fr.,--_jalousie_, jealousy.]

JAM, jam, _n._ a conserve of fruit boiled with sugar. [Ety. dub.; perh. from _jam_, to squeeze.]

JAM, jam, _v.t._ to press or squeeze tight:--_pr.p._ jam'ming; _pa.p._ jammed.--_n._ a crush, squeeze. [Cf. _cham_p.]

JAMAICA-PEPPER, ja-m[=a]'ka-pep'[.e]r, _n._ Allspice (q.v.).

JAMB, jam, _n._ the sidepiece or post of a door, fireplace, &c. [Fr. _jambe_, perh. Celt. _cam_, bent.]

JAMBE, j[:a]m, _n._ armour for the leg.--_ns.pl._ JAM'BEAUS, leggings; JAMBIERES', leg-pieces of leather, &c. [Fr. _jambe_, leg.]

JAMBEE, jam-b[=e]', _n._ an 18th-century light cane.

JAMBOK, jam'bok, _n._ a long lash made of hippopotamus hide, &c. [S. Afr.]

JAMBONE, jam'b[=o]n, _n._ a lone hand in euchre, played only by agreement, in which the player lays his cards on the table and must lead one chosen by his opponent, scoring 8 points if he takes all the tricks.

JAMBOREE, jam-b[=o]-r[=e], _n._ in euchre, a lone hand of the 5 highest cards, by agreement scoring 16 points for the holder: (_slang_) a boisterous frolic, a spree.

JAMBU, jam'b[=oo], _n._ the rose-apple tree.

JAMBUL, jam'bul, _n._ a small Indian evergreen tree.

JAMDANI, jam-d[:a]'ni, _n._ a variety of Dacca muslin woven in designs of flowers.

JAMEWAR, jam'e-war, _n._ a Cashmere shawl with coloured patterns: the goat's-hair cloth of Cashmere.

JAMPAN, jam'pan, _n._ a sedan-chair borne on bamboo poles by four bearers.--_n._ JAMPANEE', its bearer.

JAMRACH, jam'rak, _n._ a place where wild animals are kept for sale--from a London dealer's name.

JANE, j[=a]n, _n._ (_Spens._) a small silver Genoese coin: jean. [Low L. _Janua_, L. _Genua_, Genoa.]

JANGLE, jang'l, _v.i._ to sound discordantly as in wrangling: to wrangle or quarrel.--_v.t._ to cause to sound harshly.--_n._ discordant sound: contention.--_ns._ JANG'LER; JANG'LING. [O. Fr. _jangler_; imit., like _jingle_ and _chink_.]

JANITOR, jan'i-tor, _n._ a doorkeeper: a porter:--_fem._ JAN'ITRIX. [L., from _janua_, a door.]

JANIZARY, jan'i-zar-i, _n._ a soldier of the old Turkish foot-guards (c. 1330-1826), formed originally of renegade prisoners and of a tribute of children taken from Christian subjects--also JAN'ISSARY, JAN'IZAR.--_adj._ JANIZ[=A]'RIAN. [Fr. _Janissaire_--Turk, _yeni_, new, _`asker_, army.]

JANKER, jang'ker, _n._ (_Scot._) a long pole on two wheels used for transporting logs.

JANN, jan,_ n._ one of the lowest of the five orders of Mohammedan genii.

JANNOCK, jan'ok, _adj._ (_prov._) straightforward.

JANNOCK, jan'ok, _n._ oaten bread, a cake.

JANSENISM, jan'sen-izm, _n._ a system of evangelical doctrine deduced from Augustine by Cornelius _Jansen_ (1585-1638), Roman Catholic Bishop of Ypres, essentially a reaction against the ordinary Catholic dogma of the freedom of the will and that of merely sufficient grace, maintaining that interior grace is irresistible, and that Christ died for all.--_n._ JAN'SENIST, a believer in Jansenism.

JANTILY, JANTINESS, JANTY. See JAUNTY, &c.

JANUARY, jan'[=u]-ar-i, _n._ the first month of the year, dedicated by the Romans to JAN'US, the god of opening, with a double head that looked both ways.--_adjs._ JAN'UFORM, two-faced; JAN'US-FACED, double-dealing: deceitful. [L. _Januarius_--_Junus_.]

JAP, jap, _n._ and _adj._ (_coll._) for JAPANESE', of or belonging to _Japan:_ the language of Japan: a native of Japan.

JAPAN, ja-pan', _v.t._ to varnish after the manner of the JAPANESE', or people of _Japan:_ to make black and glossy:--_pr.p._ japan'ning; _pa.p._ japanned'.--_n._ work japanned: the varnish or lacquer used in japanning.--_ns._ JAPAN'-EARTH, or _Terra japonica_, gambier; JAPAN'NER.--JAPAN LACQUER, or BLACK JAPAN, a hard jet-black lacquer, for sheet-metal, made of asphaltum, linseed-oil, and varnish; JAPANNED LEATHER, same as patent leather (see PATENT).

JAPE, j[=a]p, _v.i._ to jest, joke.--_v.t._ to mock.--_n._ a jest, joke, trick. [O. Fr. _japer_.]

JAPHETIC, ja-fet'ik, _adj._ a term formerly applied in ethnology to European peoples, the supposed descendants of _Japhet_, as opposed to Hamitic and Semitic.

JAPONICA, jap-on'i-ka, _n._ an abbreviation for _Pyrus japonica_, the Japanese quince.

JAR, j[:a]r, _v.i._ to make a harsh discordant sound: to dash: to quarrel: to be inconsistent.--_v.t._ to shake:--_pr.p._ jar'ring; _pa.p._ jarred.--_n._ a harsh rattling sound: clash of interests or opinions: discord.--_adv._ JAR'RINGLY. [Imit.; cf. _jargon_.]

JAR, j[:a]r, _n._ an earthen or glass bottle with a wide mouth: a measure. [O. Fr. _jare_--Pers. _jarrah_.]

JAR, j[:a]r, _n._ a turn, used only in the phrase, 'on the jar,' ajar. [See AJAR.]

JARDINI[`E]RE, zhar-d[=e]-ny[=a]r', _n._ a vessel for the display of flowers, growing or cut: a lappet forming part of an old head-dress. [Fr., 'a flower-stand,' _jardinier_, a gardener.]

JARGON, j[:a]r'gon, _n._ confused talk: slang.--_n._ JAR'GONIST, one who uses jargon. [Fr. _jargon_, prob. conn. with L. _garr[=i]re_, to prattle.]

JARGON, j[:a]r'gon, _n._ a variety of zircon found in Ceylon, transparent, colourless.--Also JAR'GOON.

JARGONELLE, j[:a]r-go-nel', _n._ a kind of pear. [Fr.]

JARKMAN, j[:a]rk'man, _n._ (_slang_) a swindling beggar, a begging-letter writer.

JARL, j[:a]rl, _n._ a noble, chief, earl. [Scand.]

JAROOL, ja-r[=oo]l', _n._ the Indian bloodwood.

JARRAH, jar'a, _n._ the mahogany gum-tree of Australia.

JARVEY, j[:a]r'vi, _n._ (_slang_) a hackney-coach driver.

JASEY, j[=a]'zi, _n._ a kind of wig, originally made of worsted. [Corr. of _Jersey_.]

JASHER, j[:a]sh'[.e]r, _n._ one of the lost books of the ancient Hebrews, quoted twice (Josh. x. 13; 2 Sam. i. 18), most probably a collection of heroic ballads.

JASMINE, jas'min, JESSAMINE, jes'a-min, _n._ a genus of plants, many species of which have very fragrant flowers. [Fr. _jasmin_--Ar.,--Pers. _y[=a]sm[=i]n_.]

JASPER, jas'p[.e]r, _n._ a precious stone, being a hard siliceous mineral of various colours.--_adjs_. JAS'P['E], having the surface ornamented with veins; JAS'PERATED, mixed with jasper; JAS'PERY, like jasper; JASPID'EAN, JASPID'EOUS, JAS'POID. [Fr. _jaspe_--L. and Gr. _iaspis_--Ar. _yasb_.]

JATAKA, j[:a]'ta-k[:a], _n._ a nativity, the birth-story of Buddha. [Sans.,--_j[=a]ta_, born.]

JAUNCE, j[:a]ns, _v.i._ (_Shak._) to jolt or shake: to ride hard.--_n._ a jaunt. [O. Fr. _jancer_, to stir.]

JAUNDER, j[:a]n'der, _v.i._ (_Scot._) to talk idly.--_n._ gossip.

JAUNDICE, j[:a]n'dis, _n._ a disease, characterised by a yellowness of the eyes, skin, &c., caused by bile.--_adj._ JAUN'DICED, affected with jaundice: prejudiced. [Fr. _jaunisse_, from _jaune_, yellow--L. _galbinus_, yellowish, _galbus_, yellow.]

JAUNT, j[:a]nt, _v.i._ to go from place to place: to make an excursion.--_n._ an excursion: a ramble.--_adj._ JAUNT'ING, strolling: making an excursion.--_n._ JAUNT'ING-CAR, a low-set, two-wheeled, open vehicle used in Ireland, with side-seats back to back. [O. Fr. _jancer_, to stir (a horse); but more prob. Scand.]

JAUNTY, JANTY, j[:a]nt'i, _adj._ airy: showy: finical.--_adv._ JAUNT'ILY.--_n._ JAUNT'INESS. [Fr. _gentil_.]

JAUP, j[:a]p, _v.t._ (_Scot._) to spatter.--_v.i._ to make a sound like water shaken in a vessel.--_n._ water or mud splashed up.

JAVEL, jav'el, _n._ (_Spens._) a worthless fellow.

JAVELIN, jav'lin, _n._ a spear meant to be hurled, anciently used by both infantry and cavalry. [O. Fr. _javelin_; prob. Celt.]

JAW, jaw, _n._ the bones of the mouth in which the teeth are set: the mouth: anything like a jaw: (_slang_) talkativeness, scolding.--_v.i._ (_slang_) to scold.--_ns._ JAW'BONE, the bone of the jaw, in which the teeth are set; JAW'-BREAK'ER (_slang_), a word hard to pronounce.--_adj._ JAWED, having jaws: denoting the appearance of the jaws, as _lantern-jawed_.--_n._ JAW'FALL, a falling of the jaw: (_fig._) depression of spirits.--_adj._ JAW'-FALL'EN, depressed in spirits: dejected.--_ns._ JAW'-FOOT, a foot-jaw, maxilliped; JAW'-L[=E]'VER, an instrument for opening the mouth of a horse or cow to admit medicine; JAW'-TOOTH, one of the double teeth, a grinder or molar.--BREAK-JAW WORD, a very long word, or one hard to pronounce; HOLD ONE'S JAW, to cease from talking or scolding. [Old spelling _chaw_, akin to _chew_.]

JAW, jaw, _v.t._ (_Scot._) to pour out, throw out: splash.--_ns._ JAW'-BOX, JAW'-HOLE, a sink.

JAY, j[=a], _n._ a bird of the crow family with gay plumage: a wanton woman: an indifferent actor, a stupid chattering fellow. [O. Fr. _jay_ (mod. Fr. _geai_); from root of _gay_.]

JAZERANT. See JESSERANT.

JEALOUS, jel'us, _adj._ suspicious of or incensed at rivalry: anxious to defend the honour of.--_adv._ JEAL'OUSLY.--_ns._ JEAL'OUSY, JEAL'OUSHOOD (_Shak._), JEAL'OUSNESS. [O. Fr. _jalous_ (mod. Fr. _jaloux_)--L. _zelus_--Gr. _z[=e]los_, emulation.]

JEAMES, j[=e]mz, _n._ a flunkey. [From Thackeray's '_Jeames_ de la Pluche.']

JEAN, j[=a]n, _n._ a twilled cotton cloth.--_n._ JEANETTE', coarse jean, for lining.--SATIN JEAN, a smooth, glossy, hard-twilled cotton goods. [_Jane_.]

JEBUSITE, jeb'[=u]-z[=i]t, _n._ one of a Canaanitish race who long defied the Israelites from their stronghold on Mount Zion.--_adj._ JEBUSIT'IC.

JEDDART, jed'dart, _n._ an old name for _Jedburgh_.--JEDDART AXE, a stout steel-headed pole, four feet long; JEDDART, or JEDWOOD, JUSTICE, hanging first and trying afterwards.

JEDGE, jej, _n._ (_Scot._) a gauge or standard.

JEER, j[=e]r, _v.t._ to make sport of: to treat with derision.--_v.i._ to scoff: to deride: to make a mock of.--_n._ a railing remark: biting jest: mockery.--_n._ JEER'ER, a scoffer or mocker.--_adv._ JEER'INGLY. [Acc. to Skeat, from the Dut. phrase _den gek scheeren_, lit. 'to shear the fool,' to mock, the words _gek scheeren_ (now _scheren_) being corr. into _jeer_.]

JEFF, jef, _v.i._ to gamble with printers' quadrats thrown like dice.

JEFF, jef, _n._ a rope, in circus slang.

JEFFERSONITE, jef'er-son-[=i]t, _n._ a greenish-black variety of pyroxene. [Thomas _Jefferson_, 1743-1826.]

JEHOIADA-BOX, j[=e]-hoi'a-da-boks, _n._ a child's savings-bank--from 2 Chron. xxiv. 6-11.

JEHOVAH, je-h[=o]'va, _n._ the eternal or self-existent Being, the chief Hebrew name of the Deity.--_n._ JEH[=O]'VIST, one who holds that the vowel-points annexed to the word _Jehovah_ in Hebrew are the proper vowels of the word, some maintaining that they are those of the word _Adonai_ or of _Elohim_: the supposed writer of the passages in the Pentateuch, in which the name applied to God is Jehovah.--_adj._ JEHOVIST'IC. [Heb. _Yah[=o]w[=a]h_, hardly from _h[=a]w[=a]h_, to be.]

JEHU, j[=e]'h[=u], _n._ (_coll._) a driver, esp. a furious whip. [A reference to 2 Kings, ix. 20.]

JEJUNE, je-j[=oo]n', _adj._ empty: void of interest: barren.--_adv._ JEJUNE'LY.--_ns._ JEJUNE'NESS; JEJU'NUM, the second division of the small intestine between the duodenum and the ileum. [L. _jejunus_, hungry.]

JELLY, jel'i, _n._ anything gelatinous: the juice of fruit boiled with sugar.--_v.i._ JELL, to jelly.--_adj._ JELL'IED, in the state of jelly.--_v.t._ JELL'IFY, to make into a jelly.--_v.i._ to become gelatinous.--_ns._ JELL'Y-BAG, a bag through which jelly is strained; JELL'Y-FISH, marine radiate animals like jelly. [Fr. _gel['e]e_, from _geler_--L. _gel[=a]re_, to freeze.]

JELLYBY, jel'i-bi, _n._ a philanthropist who cares only for distant people--from Mrs _Jellyby_ in _Bleak House_, who busies herself about Borrioboola Gha, while her own household is going to ruin.

JEMIDAR, jem'i-d[:a]r, _n._ a native officer in the Indian army of the rank of lieutenant: an officer of police, customs, &c.--Also JAM'ADAR. [Hind.]

JEMMY, jem'i, _n._ a burglar's short crowbar: (_slang_) a baked sheep's head: a greatcoat.

JEMMY, jem'i, _adj._ neat, smart, handy--also GEMM'Y.--_n._ JEMM'INESS, neatness.

JENKINS, jengk'ins, _n._ (_coll._) a society reporter, toady.

JENNET, jen'et, _n._ a small Spanish horse.--Also GENN'ET, GEN'ET. [O. Fr. _genette_--Sp. _ginete_; Moorish.]

JENNETING, jen'et-ing, _n._ a kind of early apple. [Prob. apple of St _Jean_ or John; not from _June-eating_.]

JENNY, jen'i, _n._ a female bird, a wren--usually JENN'Y-WREN: a female ass: a spinning-jenny. [From the name _Jenny_; prob. the last sense from _gin_.]

JEOFAIL, jef'[=a]l, _n._ an error in pleadings, or the acknowledgment of a mistake. [O. Fr. _je faille_, I fail.]

JEOPARDY, jep'ard-i, _n._ hazard, danger.--_vs.t._ JEOP'ARD, JEOP'ARDISE, to put in jeopardy.--_n._ JEOP'ARDER.--_adj._ JEOP'ARDOUS, exposed to danger or loss.--_adv._ JEOP'ARDOUSLY. [Fr. _jeu parti_, a divided game--Low L. _jocus partitus_--L. _jocus_, a game, _partitus_, divided--_part[=i]ri_, to divide.]

JERBOA, j[.e]r-b[=o]'a, _n._ a genus of small rodent quadrupeds, remarkable for the length of their hind-legs and their power of jumping. [Ar. _yarb[=u]`_.]

JEREED, je-r[=e]d', _n._ a kind of blunt javelin used by the Turks in mock-fights. [Ar. _jar[=i]d_.]

JEREMIAD, jer-e-m[=i]'ad, _n._ a lamentation: a tale of grief: a doleful story. [From _Jeremiah_ the prophet, author of the book of Lamentations.]

JERFALCON. Same as GYRFALCON.

JERICHO, jer'i-k[=o], _n._ a remote place, to which one is humorously consigned--from _Jericho_ in Palestine and the story in 2 Sam. x. 4, 5.

JERK, j[.e]rk, _v.t._ to throw with a quick effort: to give a sudden movement.--_n._ a short, sudden movement: a striking against with a sudden motion: an involuntary spasmodic contraction of a muscle.--_ns._ JERK'ER; JERK'INESS.--_adj._ JERK'Y, moving or coming by jerks or starts, spasmodic; capricious, impatient. [A variant of _jert_ and _gird_, and conn. with _yard_, a rod.]

JERK, j[.e]rk, _v.t._ to search, as a vessel for concealed or smuggled goods--also JERQUE.--_ns._ JERK'ER, JERQU'ER; JERQU'ING.

JERK, j[.e]rk, _n._ meat cut into thin pieces and dried in the sun.--Also JERK'Y. [Chilian _charqui_.]

JERKIN, j[.e]r'kin, _n._ a young salmon.--Also GIN'KIN.

JERKIN, j[.e]r'kin, _n._ a jacket, a short coat or close waistcoat.--_n._ JER'KIN-HEAD (_archit._) the combination of a truncated gable with a hipped roof. [Dut., dim. of _jurk_, a frock.]

JERKINET, j[.e]r'ki-net, _n._ a woman's outer jacket.

JEROBOAM, jer-o-b[=o]'am, _n._ a large metal bowl: eight bottles. [Allusion to 1 Kings, xi. 28.]

JERQUER, JERQUING. See JERK (2).

JERRY-BUILDER, jer'i-bild'[.e]r, _n._ one who builds flimsy houses cheaply and hastily, a speculative builder.--_n._ JERR'Y-BUILD'ING.--_adj._ JERR'Y-BUILT.--_n._ JERR'Y-SHOP, a low dram-shop. [Prob. the personal name.]

JERSEY, j[.e]r'zi, _n._ the finest part of wool: combed wool: a close-fitting woollen shirt, or kind of under-vest, worn in rowing, &c. [From the island _Jersey_.]

JERUSALEM ARTICHOKE, PONY. See ARTICHOKE, PONY.

JESS, jes, _n._ a short strap round the legs of a hawk.--_adj._ JESSED, having jesses on. [O. Fr. _ject_--L. _jact[=a]re_, to fling, freq. of _jac[)e]re_, to throw.]

JESSAMINE, jes'a-min. See JASMINE.

JESSAMY, jes'sa-mi, _n._ jasmine: a dandy.

JESSANT, jes'ant, _adj._ (_her._) rising from the bottom line of a field or an upper line of an ordinary. [Perhaps a corr. of _issuant_. Cf. _issue_.]

JESSE, jes'i, _n._ a large branched candlestick used in churches, formerly hung up in churches. [From its likeness to the genealogical tree of Christ's descent from _Jesse_ (Is. xi. 1), the father of David, often in medieval churches carried out in stained glass (a _jesse window_), sculpture, mural decoration, &c.]

JESSERANT, jes'e-rant, _n._ splint armour.--Also JAZ'ERANT. [O. Fr. _gesseron_, _jazeran_--Sp. _jacerina_.]

JEST, jest, _n._ something ludicrous: joke: fun: something uttered in sport: object of laughter.--_v.i._ to make a jest: to joust.--_ns._ JEST'-BOOK, a collection of funny stories; JEST'ER, one who jests: a buffoon: a court-fool.--_adj._ JEST'FUL, given to jesting.--_adv._ JEST'INGLY.--_n._ JEST'ING-STOCK, a butt for jests. [Orig. 'a deed, a story,' M. E. _geste_--O. Fr. _geste_--L. _gesta_--_ger[)e]re_, to do.]

JESUIT, jez'[=u]-it, _n._ a member of the famous religious order, the Society of _Jesus_, founded in 1534 by Ignatius Loyola: a crafty or insidious person, an intriguer.--_v.t._ to make a Jesuit of.--_adjs._ JESUIT'IC, -AL.--_adv._ Jesuit'ically.--_ns._ JES'UITISM, Jesuitry: the principles and practices of the Jesuits: cunning: deceit; JESUITOC'RACY, government by Jesuits; JES'UITRY, Jesuitism.--JESUITS' BARK, cinchona, because introduced to Rome by Jesuit missionaries.

JESUS, j[=e]'zus, _n._ the Saviour of mankind.--_n._ J['E]SUS, a size of paper, super-royal.--COMPANY, or SOCIETY, OF JESUS, the Jesuit order.--GRAND J['E]SUS, imperial. [Gr. _I[=e]sous_--Heb. _Y[=e]sh[=u]`a_, contr. of _Yeh[=o]sh[=u]`a_, help of Jehovah, the Saviour--_y[=a]sha`_, to save.]

JET, jet, _n._ a rich black variety of mineral coal, very hard and compact, taking a brilliant polish, used for ornaments.--_adj._ JET'-BLACK.--_n._ JET'TINESS.--_adj._ JET'TY, made of jet, or black as jet. [O. Fr. _jaet_--L.--Gr. _gagat[=e]s_, from _Gagas_, a town and river in Lycia, in Asia Minor, where it was obtained.]

JET, jet, _n._ a spouting stream: a spout at the end of a gas-pipe emitting the flame.--_v.t._ to throw out, shoot forth.--_v.i._ to strut, to encroach arrogantly upon.--_n._ JETTATU'RA, the Evil-eye. [O. Fr. _jetter_--L. _jact[=a]re_, to fling, freq. of _jac[)e]re_, to throw.]

JETSAM, jet'sam, _n._ the throwing of goods overboard to lighten a vessel: the goods so thrown away which remain under water (see FLOTSAM)--also JET'SOM, JET'SON, JET'TISON.--_v.t._ JET'TISON, to throw overboard, as goods, in time of danger. [Anglo-Fr. _jetteson_--L. _jactation-em_, a casting.]

JETTON, jet'on, _n._ a piece of stamped metal used as a counter in card-playing, &c.

JETTY, jet'i, _n._ a projection: a kind of pier. [O. Fr. _jett['e]e_, thrown out. See Jet (2).]

JEW, j[=oo], _n._ an inhabitant of Judea: a Hebrew or Israelite: opprobriously used for a usurer, miser, &c.:--_fem._ JEW'ESS.--_v.t._ and _v.i._ (_coll._) to overreach: cheat.--_n._ JEW'-BAIT'ING, the persecuting of Jews.--_adj._ JEW'ISH, belonging to the Jews.--_adv._ JEW'ISHLY.--_ns._ JEW'ISHNESS; JEW'S'-EAR, a fungus that grows on the elder, and bears some resemblance to the human ear; JEW'S' FRANK'INCENSE, the balsam known as benzoin or gum storax, often used as an incense; JEW'S'-HARP, a small harp-shaped musical instrument played between the teeth by striking a spring with the finger; JEW'S'-MALL'OW, a plant much cultivated as a pot-herb by the Jews in Syria; JEW'S'-MYR'TLE, the prickly-leaved plant Ruscus aculeatus; JEW'S'-PITCH, asphaltum; JEW'S'-STONE, the fossil spine of a large echinus or sea hedgehog.--JEW'S EYE, in proverb 'Worth a Jew's eye,' something of high value--from the custom of torturing Jews for money; JEWS' HOUSES, in Cornwall, the name given to prehistoric miners' dwellings.--WANDERING JEW (see WANDER). [O. Fr. _Juis_--L. _Judaeus_--Gr. _Ioudaios_--Heb. _Yeh[=u]d[=a]h_, Judah.]

JEWEL, j[=oo]'el, _n._ a precious stone: an ornament of precious stones, worn as a decoration: anything or any one highly valued.--_v.t._ to dress or adorn with jewels: to fit with a jewel:--_pr.p._ jew'elling; _pa.p._ jew'elled, in a watch, having pivot-holes of garnets or any other jewels.--_ns._ JEW'EL-CASE, a casket for holding jewels; JEW'ELLER, one who makes or deals in jewels; JEW'ELLERY, JEW'ELRY, jewels in general. [O. Fr. _jouel_ (Fr. _joyau_); either a dim. of Fr. _joie_, joy, from L. _gaudium_, joy--_gaud[=e]re_, to rejoice--or derived through Low L. _jocale_, from L. _joc[=a]ri_, to jest.]

JEWRY, j[=oo]'ri, _n._ Judea: a district inhabited by _Jews_.

JEZEBEL, jez'e-bel, _n._ a bold and vicious woman, a virago. [From Ahab's wicked wife.]

JIB, jib, _n._ a triangular sail borne in front of the foremast in a ship, so called from its shifting of itself.--_v.t._ to shift a boom sail from one tack to the other.--_v.i._ to move restively.--_ns._ JIB'-BOOM, a boom or extension of the bowsprit, on which the jib is spread; JIB'-DOOR, a door flush with the outside wall, intended to be concealed.--THE CUT OF ONE'S JIB, appearance. [Dan. _gibbe_, to jib; cf. Dut. _gijpen_, to turn suddenly.]

JIBBINGS, jib'ingz, _n.pl._ the last milk drawn from a cow.

JIBE. Same as GIBE.

JIFFY, jif'fi, _n._ (_coll._) an instant.

JIG, jig, _n._ a quick, lively tune: a quick dance suited to the tune.--_v.i._ to dance a jig:--_pr.p._ jig'ging; _pa.p._ jigged.--_adj._ JIG'GISH. [O. Fr. _gige_, _gigue_, a stringed instrument--Teut.; Ger. _geige_; cf. _gig_.]

JIGAMAREE, jig-a-ma-r[=e]', _n._ anything the name of which one forgets, a thingumbob.--Also JIG'GUMBOB.

JIGGER, jig'g[.e]r, _n._ a corruption of _chigoe_.

JIGGER, jig'g[.e]r, _n._ anything that jigs: one of many kinds of subsidiary appliances, as an apparatus for separating ores by jolting in sieves in water, a simple potter's wheel or a template or profile used with it, a warehouse crane, the bridge or rest for the cue in billiards: an old-fashioned sloop-rigged boat: a one-horse street car: a machine for exhibiting on a dial at once the prices at which sales are made, controlled by electric mechanism with a key-board: (_slang_) a drink of whisky.--_v.t._ to jerk or shake.

JIGGERED, jig'[.e]rd, _p.adj._ a meaningless and needless substitute for a profane oath.

JIGGING, jig'ing, _n._ in mining, the process of separating ore by means of a wire-bottomed sieve moved up and down in water.

JIGJOG, jig'jog, _n._ a jolting motion, a jog.--Also JICK'AJOG, JIG'AJOG. [Reduplicated form of jog.]

JIGOT, jig'ot, _n._ a leg of mutton. See GIGOT.

JILL, jil, _n._ Same as GILL.

JILL, jil, _n._ a young woman, often associated with Jack. [Short for _Gillian_--i.e. _Juliana_.]